2011上海市金山区英语二模试卷
2021年上海市金山区中考英语二模试卷(Word +不含听力答案)
2021年上海市金山区中考英语二模试卷Part2 Vocabulary andGrammar II. Choose the best answer.1．Before riding your E﹣bike，do yourself favour and wear a helmet（头盔）.（）A．a B．an C．the D．/2．A sandstorm swept across Beijing the morning of March 15，turning the sky yellow.（）A．in B．on C．at D．for3．When returning to the school，the old teacher was shown around by a student of .（）A．she B．her C．hers D．herself4．﹣Which of the two T﹣shirts will you take？﹣I'll take ，one is for my father，the other for my brother.（）A．either B．neither C．both D．all5．The students are doing in English than before with their teacher's help.（）A．better B．best C．well D．good6．Your health is thing in your life．（）A．important B．more importantC．most important D．the most important7．She encouraged us more confidence in learning English in the new semester.（）A．have B．having C．had D．to have8．______ you have made up your mind to lose weight，you'd better eat less in the evening．（）A．Since B．Although C．Unless D．Until9．Finland the happiest country in the world the last four years.（）A．has named B．has been namedC．named D．was named10．Don't give up working hard，you will never achieve anything in your life.（）A．so B．or C．but D．and11．The winter is coming. Ants are really busy for food for the winter.（）A．look B．looking C．looked D．to look12．Baiji dolphins（白鱀豚）in the Yangtze River for 20 million years. But now，they have nearly disappeared.（）A．live B．lived C．have lived D．had lived13．It heavily when we arrived at Hongqiao Railway Station yesterday afternoon.（）A．is raining B．was rainingC．will rain D．would rain14．It's so late. I'm afraid I go and make a phone call to my family.（）A．must B．can C．may D．could15．Nowadays，few people use cameras to take photos，？（）A．are they B．aren't theyC．do they D．don't theyplete the following passage with the words or phrases in the box. Each can only be used only once.16．A. looked at B. confused C. warmly D. grew up E. sharingDear Ms. Librarian，I don't know if you still remember me. Perhaps you don't. After all，I am only one of the many people，at one timeor another，that you have helped.I don't remember your face as clearly as I wish I could，but I do remember how you（1）me. I was nine yearsold and standing at your desk，not for a book but for hope，for a path forward.I remember that you smiled at me（2）. I just felt I was safe staying with you.You were always there﹣a kind，supportive adult. When I asked you a question，you would do your best to patiently answer it. When I felt（3）because life seemed to be harder than I had imagined it could be，I would go to you. You would always calm me down by（4）your love for books with me. You would always help me find a way out.17．A.offered B. medicine C. lucky D. the others E. additionI don't know how to thank you enough，but I'll try. Thank you for letting me understand that books can be like（1）. Thank you for knowing that sometimes，people come to you not for books at all. You are not just a librarian.You are also a carer，a social worker，a teacher，among the many other roles you have served in your time.How（2）I was to meet you! It's you who completely changed my life. I am grateful for all the help you have （3）.On behalf of the little girl I was and all（4）like me for whom you have provided a book﹣and hope，thank you.Ⅳ. Complete the sentences with the given words in their proper forms.18．Would you like to go to one of the best in the world？（university）19．Cooking is my favorite. Seeing others eating makes me satisfied.（happy）20．Now more and more parents have realized the of outdoor play.（important）21．Thanksgiving Day is on the Thursday in November.（four）22．You can on Jane﹣﹣﹣She always keeps her promises.（independent）23．Tom，be not to wake up the sleeping baby.（careless）24．The of the Cassette Tape（盒式磁带），Lou Ottens，dies at the age of 94.（invent）25．When I feel nervous，I always take a deep breath and say to，"I can try."（I）Ⅴ. Complete the following sentences as required.26．Beyonce expressed her pride in being "black" through the song.（改为一般疑问句）Beyonce her pride in being "black" through the song？27．I go to see my grandparents twice a week．（对划线部分提问）do you go to see your grandparents？28．"When will you see the flower exposition？"She asked me.（改为带有宾语从句的复合句）She asked me when see the flower exposition.29．Yesterday morning I woke up only after the alarm clock rang.（保持句意基本不变）Yesterday morning I wake up the alarm clock rang.30．Since you are not a child any longer，you should behave like an adult.（保持原句意思不变）Since you are a child，you should behave like an adult.31．Water covers most of the Earth's surface.（改为被动语态）Most of the Earth's surface by water.32．your，mum，remember，the housework，to，help，with（连词成句）Part 3 Reading and Writing Ⅵ. Reading comprehension33．Andy's South American______March 16 th，6 p.m. Today is our last day in La Paz，the capital of Bolivia. Tomorrow Max and I are going to Coroico，a town about 60 kilometers from here. We're taking a bus along the North Yungas Road，also known as "Death Road " . It goes along steep hillsides and cliffs. People call it the most dangerous road in the world! There are hundreds of accidents on it every year.March 17 th，9 a.m.I've found out more about the North Y ungas Road. It's only about 3 meters wide，and in some parts there's drop of at least 600 meters. That's more than half a kilometer! There's no barrier（屏障）along the side of the road. And there's often rain or fog，which makes iteven more dangerous.I found out another thing. Here in Bolivia，they drive on the right side of the road. But on the North Yungas Road，they drive on the left. Why？Because this means that the drive on the dangerous side of the road can see the edge of the road more easily. The driver's seat is on the left side of the bus，so the driver is close to the edge. Our bus leaves in one hour!March 17 th，8 p.m.We got to Coroico safely. It was terrifying sometimes! But there was no rain or fog. Our driver told us the road is safer than it used to be，and he's driven it many times before. He didn't drive fast，and we never went too close to the edge. Thank you，Mr. Bus Driver!（1）Which of the following is the best to be filled in the title？A. travel blogB. friendC. letterD. notice（2）Andy took a trip in Bolivia.A. by car aloneB. on footC. with his friend MaxD. with his driver（3）The North Yungas Road，is known as"".A. CoroicoB. Mr. Bus DriverC. the capital of BoliviaD. Death Road（4）In paragraph 2 itrefers to here.A.driving on the North Yungas RoadB. travelling in Bolivia in South AmericaC.the town CoroicoD. the weather on the road（5）The underlined word terrifying in Paragraph 4 most probably means.A. rather freezingB. extremely frighteningC. very comfortableD.really enjoyable（6）The text above is written to.A.thank Andy's driverB. introduce the most dangerous roadC.tell people not to travel to Coroico in BoliviaD.describe Andy's experience on the North Yungas RoadB.Choose the words or expressions and complete the passage.34．Habits of Successful Language LearnersAs a language learner，you are not alone. About 1.2 billion people worldwide are learning a（1）language.However，not all of them enjoy success. We talked to hundreds of successful Language learners. They shared with us some of their habits.One key to long﹣term success is working towards the goal（2）. Most successful language learners make sure to spend a few minutes practicing every day. We also studied some"nine﹣to﹣fivers（朝九晚五）". These language learners practice their language only in class. In the long run，they show much （3）progress than those who practice daily. They are also more likely to"drop out".The second habit of successful language learners is that they don't "binge study（临时抱佛脚）". Instead，they make progress through a number of short study sessions over a longer period of time.Learners who practice now and then for a marathon to catch up are more likely to give up altogether.Some language learners always want to learn as much new material as they can. But it has been proved that one gradually forgets what he or she has learned over time. Let's be honest：Do you still remember all the English words and expressions you learned last year？Successful language learners（4）the old material regularly.Regular revision turns your short﹣term memory into long﹣term memory.Are you having a hard time improving your English？Then you may try to（5）these three habits. Don't worry if it takes time. Mastering a second language is a long（6）﹣﹣it should take time!（1）A. ancient B. modern C. official D. foreign（2）A. sooner or later B. all the time C. over and over D. in a hurry（3）A. slower B. faster C. further D. better（4）A. go over B. take away C. collect D. produce（5）A. break B. change C. develop D. kick（6）A. program B. process C. history D. lifeC. Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words.35．On my father's birthday，my parents and I went out for dinner. The restaurant was brightly lit and very noisy，with lots of diners. Waiters move （1）b between the tables.We had just ordered our meals when suddenly all the lights in the restaurant went out. The place went completely dark. All the conversations in the restaurant（2）s for a moment，and then everybody started talkingtogether.'What's happened to the lights？' 'Ooh，it's a blackout!'Some people laughed，and other seemed a little （3）w.Then the restaurant manager came in，holding a candle. He spoke to all the diners，'Ladies and gentlemen，I am very sorry for this. Our power has gone out. The power has gone out across the whole neighbourhood，and we don't know when it will be restored. Please be （4）p. Our waiters will bring candles so that you can continue with your evening.'The waiters came in with lit candles and placed them on the tables. One of the diners asked，‘What about our meals？''Don't worry，sir，' replied the manager.'Fortunately，we use gas in our kitchen，not （5）e，so the chef can continue cooking all your meals. Once again，ladies and gentlemen，I（6）a.' My father said to me，'let's go out the street and take a look.'He and I went out of the front door and looked up and down the street. Sure enough，it was in total darkness.We went back in and sat at the table with my mother. Our faces were lit up by the candlelight.The waiter brought our meals and we started eating.'You know，I don't mind this at all.'said Dad. He looked around at the restaurant.'It's quite pretty! And I feel（7）s ﹣﹣﹣I'm having a birthday dinner by candlelight!''You always look on the right side!'said Mum. We all laughed.Answer the questions.36．Mark Twain is one of the most quoted authors ever. There are hundreds of his quotations（语录）in books on posters and on websites. Here is an example："If you tell the truth，you don't have to remember anything."﹣﹣﹣Mark Twain.Quotations like this one give us guidance. It reminds us that telling a lie is much more difficult than telling the truth.Telling a lie means you have to remember what you said each time you tell the lie. If you tell the truth，there is nothing to remember. He suggests that you shouldn't lie not because it is wrong，but because it is hard work. Here is another example."Always obey your parents when they are present."﹣﹣﹣Mark TwainAgain，the quotation give good advice﹣﹣﹣to always obey your parents，but the humorous part is when they are present. The quotation tells you to obey your parents when they are there with you﹣﹣﹣because they can see what you are doing.Albert Einstein's quotations are also popular. Many of his quotations are inspirational（鼓舞人心的）. This means that they help us to do our best and be the best person we can be. Here is an example："Learn from yesterday，live for today，hope for tomorrow. The important thing is not to stop questioning."﹣﹣﹣Albert EinsteinThis is a much more serious quotation than the two Mark Twain ones. It gives us a lot to think about. Also，because this was said by Albert Einstein，it makes us want to take the quotation serious. This quotation gives us hope that that we can learn from any mistake we made yesterday. It reminds us to always look closely at everything we do and ask the right questions to help us achieve our best.（1）Where are Mark Twain's quotations always used？（2）Telling a lie is easier than telling the truth，isn't it？（3）According to Mark Twain，why should we always obey our parents when they are present？（4）What does"Learn from yesterday."in Albert Einstein's quotation really mean？（5）What's the purpose of not to stop questioning？（6）Among the three quotations above，which one impresses（印象）you most？Why？Ⅶ. Writing37．Write at least 60 words on the topic"Keep your mind open".（以"敞开心扉/心胸开阔" 为题，写一篇至少60 个单词的短文，标点符号不占格.）在生活中，你对你的生活满意吗？不满意的话，是什么原因呢？如果我们能以开阔的胸怀面对不同的事物，从不同的角度去思考问题，可能会得到意想不到的收获。
英语二2011年真题及答案
英语二2011年真题及答案英语二2011年真题及答案2011年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)The Internet affords anonymity to its users, a blessing to privacy and freedom of speech. But that very anonymity is also behind the exploration of cyber-crime that has __1__ across the Web.Can privacy be preserved __2__ bringing safety and security to a world that seems increasingly __3__ ?Last month, Howard Schmidt, the nation's cyber-czar, offered the federal government a __4__ to make the web a safer place-a "voluntary trusted identity" system that would be the high-tech __5__ of a physical key, a fingerprint and a photo ID card, all rolled __6__ one. The system might use a smart identity card,or a digital credential __7__ to a specific computer, and would authenticate users at a range of online services.The idea is to __8__ a federation of private online identity systems. Users could __9__ which system to join, and only registered users whose identities have been authenticated could navigate those systems. The approach contrasts with one that would require an Internet driver's license __10__ by the government.Google and Microsoft are among companies that already have these "single sign-an" systems that make it possible for users to __11__ just once but use many different services.__12__ , the approach would create a "walled garden" in cyberspace, with safe "neighborhoods" and bright " streetlights" to establish a sense of a __13__ community.Mr. Schmidt described it as a "voluntary ecosystem" in which "individuals and organizations can complete online transactionswith __14__ , trusting the identities of each other and the identities of the infrastructure ___15___ which the transaction runs. "Still, the administration's plan has ___16___ privacy rights activists. Some applaud the approach; others are concerned. It seems clear that such a scheme is an initiative push toward what would ___17___ be a compulsory Internet "driver's license" mentality.The plan has also been greeted with ___18__ by some computer security experts, who worry that the "voluntary ecosystem" envisioned by Mr. Schmidt would still leave much of the Internet __19__ They argue that all Internet users should be __20__ to register and identify themselves, in the same way that drivers must be licensed to drive on public roads.1. [A] swept [B] skipped [C] walked [D] ridden2. [A] for [B] within [C] while [D] though3. [A] careless [B] lawless [C]pointless [D] helpless4. [A] reason [B] reminder [C] compromise [D] proposal5. [A] information [B] interference [C] entertainment [D] equivalent6. [A] by [B] into [C] from [D] over7. [A] linked [B] directed [C] chained [D] compared8. [A] dismiss [B] discover [C] create [D] improve9. [A] recall [B] suggest [C] select [D] realize10. [A] released [B] issued [C] distributed [D] delivered11. [A] carry on [B] linger on [C] set in [D] log in12. [A] In vain [B] In effect [C] In return [D] In contrast13. [A] trusted [B] modernized [C] thriving [D] competing14. [A] caution [B] delight [C] confidence [D] patience15. [A] on [B] after [C] beyond [D] across16. [A] divided [B] disappointed [C] protected [D] united17. [A] frequently [B] incidentally [C] occasionally [D] eventually18. [A] skepticism [B] tolerance [C] indifference [D] enthusiasm19. [A] manageable [B] defendable [C] vulnerable [D] invisible20. [A] invited [B] appointed [C] allowed [D] forcedSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C orD. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)Text 1Ruth Simmons joined Goldman Sachs' board as an outside director in January 2000; a year later she became president of Brown University. For the rest of the decade she apparently managed both roles without attracting much criticism. But by the end of 2009 Mrs. Simmons was under fire for having sat on Goldman's compensation committee; how could she have let those enormous bonus payouts pass unremarked? By February the next year Mrs. Simmons had left the board. The position was just taking up too much time, she said.Outside directors are supposed to serve as helpful, yet less biased, advisers on a firm's board. Having made their wealth and their reputations elsewhere, they presumably have enough independence to disagree with the chief executive's proposals. If the sky, and the share price, is falling, outside directors should be able to give advice based on having weathered theirown crises.The researchers from Ohio University used a database that covered more than 10,000 firms and more than 64,000 different directors between 1989 and 2004. Then they simply checked which directors stayed from one proxy statement to the next. The most likely reason for departing a board was age, so the researchers concentrated on those "surprise" disappearances by directors under the age of 70. They found that after a surprise departure, the probability that the company will subsequently have to restate earnings increases by nearly 20%. The likelihood of being named in a federal class-action lawsuit also increases, and the stock is likely to perform worse. The effect tended to be larger for larger firms. Although a correlation between them leaving and subsequent bad performance at the firm is suggestive, it does not mean that such directors are always jumping off a sinking ship. Often they "trade up," leaving riskier, smaller firmsfor larger and more stable firms.But the researches believe that outside directors have an easier time of avoiding a blow to their reputations if they leave a firm before bad news break, even if a review of history shows that they were on the board at the time any wrongdoing occurred. Firms who want to keep their outside directors through tough times may have to create incentives. Otherwise outside directors will follow the example of Ms. Simmons, once again very popular on campus.21. According to Paragraph 1, Ms. Simmons was criticized for __________________.[A] gaining excessive profits[B] failing to fulfill her duty[C] refusing to make compromises[D] leaving the board in tough times22. We learn from Paragraph 2 that outside directors are supposed to be __________________.[A] generous investors[B] unbiased executives[C] share price forecasters[D] independent advisers23. According to the researchers from Ohio University, after an outside director' s surprise departure, the firm is likely to __________________.[A] become more stable[B] report increased earnings[C] do less well in the stock market[D] perform worse in lawsuits24. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that outside directors __________________.[A] may stay for the attractive offers from the firm[B] have often had records of wrongdoings in the firm[C] are accustomed to stress -free work in the firm[D] will decline incentives from the firm25. The author' s attitude toward the role ofoutside directors is __________________.[A] permissive[B] positive[C] scornful[D] criticalText 2Whatever happened to the death of newspapers? A year ago the end seemed near. The recession threatened to remove the advertising and readers that had not already fled to the internet. Newspapers like the San Francisco Chronicle were chronicling their own doom. America's Federal Trade Commission launched a round of talks about how to save newspapers. Should they become charitable corporations? Should the state subsidize them? It will hold another meeting soon. But the discussions now seem out of date.In much of the world there is little sign of crisis. German and Brazilian papers have shrugged off the recession. Even Americannewspapers, which inhabit the most troubled comer of the global industry, have not only survived but often returned to profit. Not the 20% profit margins that were routine a few years ago, but profit all the same.It has not been much fun. Many papers stayed afloat by pushing journalists overboard. The American Society of News Editors reckons that 13,500 newsroom jobs have gone since 2007. Readers are paying more for slimmer products. Some papers even had the nerve to refuse delivery to distant suburbs. Yet these desperate measures have proved the right ones and, sadly for many journalists, they can be pushed further.Newspapers are becoming more balanced businesses, with a healthier mix of revenues from readers and advertisers. American papers have long been highly unusual in their reliance on ads. Fully 87% of their revenues came from advertising in 2008, according to the Organization for Economic Cooperation &Development (OECD). In Japan the proportion is 35%. Not surprisingly, Japanese newspapers are much more stable.The whirlwind that swept through newsrooms harmed everybody, but much of the damage has been concentrated in areas where newspapers are least distinctive. Car and film reviewers have gone. So have science and general business reporters. Foreign bureaus have been savagely cut off. Newspapers are less complete as a result. But completeness is no longer a virtue in the newspaper business.26. By saying "Newspapers like…their own doom"(Line 3, Para. 1), the author indicates that newspapers ________________.[A] neglected the sign of crisis[B] failed to get state subsidies[C] were not charitable corporations[D] were in a desperate situation27. Some newspapers refused delivery to distant suburbs probably because ________________.[A] readers threatened to pay less[B] newspapers wanted to reduce costs[C] journalists reported little about these areas[D] subscribers complained about slimmer products28. Compared with their American counterparts, Japanese newspapers are much more stable because they ________________.[A] have more sources of revenue[B] have more balanced newsrooms[C] are less dependent on advertising[D] are less affected by readership29. What can be inferred from the last paragraph about the current newspaper business?[A] Distinctiveness is an essential feature of newspapers.[B] Completeness is to blame for the failure of newspaper.[C] Foreign bureaus play a crucial role inthe newspaper business.[D] Readers have lost their interest in car and film reviews.30. The most appropriate title for this text would be ________________.[A] American Newspapers: Struggling for Survival[B] American Newspapers: Gone with the wind[C] American Newspapers: A Thriving Business[D] American Newspapers: A Hopeless StoryText 3We tend to think of the decades immediately following World War 11 as a time of prosperity and growth, with soldiers returning home by the millions, going off to college on the G. I. Bill and lining up at the marriage bureaus.But when it came to their houses, it was atime of common sense and a belief that less could truly be more. During the Depression and the war, Americans had learned to live with less, and that restraint, in combination with the postwar confidence in the future, made small, efficient housing positively stylish.Economic condition was only a stimulus for the trend toward efficient living. The phrase "less is more" was actually first popularized by a German, the architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, who like other people associated with the Bauhaus, a school of design, emigrated to the United States before World War Ⅱand took up posts at American architecture schools. These designers came to exert enormous influence on the course of American architecture, but none more so than Mies.Mie's signature phrase means that less decoration, properly organized, has more impact than a lot. Elegance, he believed, did not derive from abundance. Like other modern architects, he employed metal, glass andlaminated wood -- materials that we take for granted today but that in the1940s symbolized the future. Mies's sophisticated presentation masked the fact that the spaces he designed were small and efficient, rather than big and often empty.The apartments in the elegant towers Mies built on Chicago's Lake Shore Drive, for example, were smaller -- two-bedroom units under 1,000 square feet -- than those in their older neighbors along the city's Gold Coast. But they were popular because of their airy glass walls, the views they afforded and the elegance of the buildings' details and proportions, the architectural equivalent of the abstract art so popular at the time.The trend toward "less" was not entirely foreign. In the 1930s Frank Lloyd Wright started building more modest and efficient houses -- usually around 1,200 square feet -- than the spreading two-story ones he had designed in the 1890s and the early 20th century.The "Case Study Houses" commissioned from talented modern architects by California Arts & Architecture magazine between 1945 and 1962 were yet another homegrown influence on the "less is more" trend. Aesthetic effect came from the landscape, new materials and forthright detailing. In his Case Study House, Ralph Rapson may have mispredicted just how the mechanical revolution would impact everyday life -- few American families acquired helicopters, though most eventually got clothes dryers -- but his belief that self-sufficiency was both desirable and inevitable was widely shared.31. The postwar American housing style largely reflected the Americans' ________________.[A] prosperity and growth[B] efficiency and practicality[C] restraint and confidence[D] pride and faithfulness32. Which of the following can be inferred from Paragraph 3 about the Bauhaus?[A] It was founded by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe.[B] Its designing concept was affected by World War I1.[C] Most American architects used to be associated with it.[D] It had a great influence upon American architecture.33. Mies held that elegance of architectural design ________________.[A] was related to large space[B] was identified with emptiness[C] was not reliant on abundant decoration[D] was not associated with efficiency34. What is true about the apartments Mies built on Chicago's Lake Shore Drive?[A] They ignored details and proportions.[B] They were built with materials popular at that time.[C] They were more spacious than neighboring buildings.[D] They shared some characteristics ofabstract art.35. What can we learn about the design of the "Case Study Houses" ?[A] Mechanical devices were widely used.[B] Natural scenes were taken into account.[C] Details were sacrificed for the overall effect.[D] Eco-friendly materials were employed.Text 4Will the European Union make it? The question would have sounded strange not long ago. Now even the project's greatest cheerleaders talk of a continent facing a "Bermuda triangle" of debt, population decline and lower growth.As well as those chronic problems, the EU faces an acute crisis in its economic core, the 16 countries that use the single currency. Markets have lost faith that the euro zone's economies, weaker or stronger, will one day converge thanks to the discipline of sharing a singlecurrency, which denies uncompetitive members the quick fix of devaluation.Yet the debate about how to save Europe's single currency from disintegration is stuck. It is stuck because the euro zone's dominant powers, France and Germany, agree on the need for greater harmonization within the euro zone, but disagree about what to harmonise.Germany thinks the euro must be saved by stricter rules on borrowing, spending and competitiveness, backed by quasi-automatic sanctions for governments that do not obey. These might include threats to freeze EU funds for poorer regions and EU mega-projects, and even the suspension of a country's voting fights in EU ministerial councils. It insists that economic co-ordination should involve all 27 members of the EU club, among whom there is a small majority for free - market liberalism and economic rigour; in the inner core alone, Germany fears, a small majority favour French interference.A "southern" camp headed by France wants something different: "European economic government" within an inner core of euro-zone members. Translated, that means politicians intervening in monetary policy and a system of redistribution from richer to poorer members, via cheaper borrowing for governments through common Eurobonds or complete fiscal transfers. Finally, figures close to the French government have murmured, euro-zone members should agree to some fiscal and social harmonization: e.g. , curbing competition in corporate-tax rates or labour costs.It is too soon to write off the EU. It remains the world's largest trading block. At its best, the European project is remarkably liberal: built around a single market of 27 rich and poor countries, its internal borders are far more open to goods, capital and labour than any comparable trading area. It is an ambitious attempt to blunt the sharpest edges of globalization, and make capitalism benign.36. The EU is faced with so many problems that ________________.[A] it has more or less lost faith in markets[B] even its supporters begin to feel concerned[C] some of its member countries plan to abandon euro[D] it intends to deny the possibility of devaluation37. The debate over the EU's single currency is stuck because the dominant powers ________________.[A] are competing for the leading position[B] are busy handling their own crises[C] fail to reach an agreement on harmonization[D] disagree on the steps towards disintegration38. To solve the euro problem, Germany proposed that ________________.[A] EU funds for poor regions be increased[B] stricter regulations be imposed[C] only core members be involved in economic co-ordination[D] voting fights of the EU members be guaranteed39. The French proposal of handling the crisis implies that ________________.[A] poor countries are more likely to get funds[B] strict monetary policy will be applied to poor countries[C] loans will be readily available to rich countries[D] rich countries will basically control Eurobonds40. Regarding the future of the EU, the author seems to feel[A] pessimistic [B] desperate [C] conceited [D] hopefulPart BDirections:Read the following text and answer thequestions by finding information from the right column that corresponds to each of the marked details given in the left column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) Leading doctors today weigh in on the debate over the government's role in promoting public health by demanding that ministers impose "fat taxes" on unhealthy food and introduce cigarettestyle warnings to children about the dangers of a poor diet.The demands follow comments made last week by the health secretary, Andrew Lansley, who insisted the government could not force people to make healthy choices and promised to free businesses from public health regulations.But senior medical figures want to stop fast-food outlets opening near schools, restrict advertising of products high in fat, salt or sugar, and limit sponsorship of sports events by fast-food producers such as McDonald' s.They argue that government action isnecessary to curb Britain's addiction to unhealthy food and help halt spiraling rates of obesity, diabetes and heart disease. Professor Terence Stephenson, president of the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, said that the consumption of unhealthy food should be seen to be just as damaging as smoking or excessive drinking."Thirty years ago, it would have been inconceivable to have imagined a ban on smoking in the workplace or pubs, and yet that is what we have now. Are we willing to be just as courageous in respect of obesity? I would suggest that we should be," said the leader of the UK' s children' s doctors.Lansley has alarmed health campaigners by suggesting he wants industry rather than government to take the lead. He said that manufacturers of crisps and candies could play a central role in the Chang4Life campaign, the centrepiece of government efforts to boost healthy eating and fitness. He has also criticisedthe celebrity chef Jamie Oliver' s high-profile attempt to improve school lunches in England as an example of how "lecturing" people was not the best way to change their behaviour.Stephenson suggested potential restrictions could include banning TV advertisements for foods high in fat, salt or sugar before 9 pm and limiting them on billboards or in cinemas. "If we were really bold, we might even begin to think of high-calorie fast food in the same way as cigarettes-by setting strict limits on advertising, product placement and sponsorship of sports events," he said.Such a move could affect firms such as McDonald's, which sponsors the youth coaching scheme run by the Football Association. Fast-food chains should also stop offering "inducements" such as toys, cute animals and mobile phone credit to lure young customers, Stephenson said.Professor Dinesh Bhugra, president of the Royal College of Psychiatrists, said : "Ifchildren are taught about the impact that food has on their growth, and that some things can harm, at least information is available up front. "He also urged councils to impose "fast-food-free zones" around schools and hospitals-areas within which takeaways cannot open.A Department of Health spokesperson said:" We need to create a new vision for public health where all of society works together to get healthy and live longer. This includes creating a new 'responsibility deal' with business, built on social responsibility, not state regulation. Later this year, we will publish a white paper setting out exactly how we will achieve this. "The food industry will be alarmed that such senior doctors back such radical moves, especially the call to use some of the tough tactics that have been deployed against smoking over the last decade.[A] "fat taxes" should be imposed on fast-food producers such asMcDonald's.41．Andrew Lansley held that [B] the government should ban fast-food outlets in the neighborhood of schools.42．Terence Stephenson agreed that [C] "lecturing" was an effective way to improve school lunches in England.43．Jamie Oliver seemed to believe that [D] cigarette-style warning should be introduced to children about the dangers of a poor diet.44．Dinesh Bhugra suggested that [E] the producers of crisps and candies could contribute significantly to the Change4Life camign.45．A Department of Health spokesperson proposed that [F] parents should set good examples for their children by keeping a healthy diet at home.[G] the government should strengthen the sense of responsibility among businesses.Section ⅢTranslation46. Directions:In this section, there is a text in English. Translate it into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)Who would have thought that, globally, the IT industry produces about the same volume of greenhouse gases as the world's airlines do -- roughly 2 percent of all CO2 emissions?Many everyday tasks take a surprising toll on the environment. A Google search can leak between 0.2 and 7.0 grams of CO2, depending on how many attempts are needed to get the "right" answer. To deliver results to its users quickly, then, Google has to maintain vast data。
2011 上海高考英语 浦东新区高考英语二模卷
1. Over several thousand years of development, Chinese medicine has attracted great attentionits unique and marvelous effects.A. toB. inC. onD. for2. To know more about the British Museum, one can use the Internet or go to the library, or.A. neitherB. someC. allD. both3. —Will you attend the ceremony tomorrow?—What ceremony? I informed of anything about it.A. wasn‟tB. haven‟t beenC. hadn‟t beenD. won‟t be4. No conclusion about whether to tear down the old buildings for a theme park until several discussions have been made.A. will be reachedB. is reachedC. is being reachedD. had been reached5. Talking on the phone for over 30 minutes be as harmful as listening to music at high volume through headphones for over an hour.A. mustB. shallC. canD. should6. The primary purpose of education is not to teach you to earn your bread, but every mouthful sweeter.A. makingB. makeC. madeD. to make7. in extra-curricular activities gives students many priceless lifelong skills that will be valuable to them forever.A. Being involvedB. InvolvingC. To involveD. Involve8. Some 350,000 people have reportedly been left homeless and are staying in shelters, anxiouslynews of friends and relatives.A. awaitB. awaitingC. awaitedD. having awaited9. with necessary knowledge and skills, the young man went to the job market with much confidence.A. To be equippedB. EquippingC. EquippedD. Being equipped10. Don‟t set yourself up for failure. Your chances of achieving your goals are much betterThey‟re realistic.A. sinceB. unlessC. ifD. as11. not all school subjects can be applied directly to your job in the future, they may have indirect value.A. AlthoughB. AsC. WhenD. As though12. As we all know, the start of a new year is the perfect time to think about you want to accomplish.A. thatB. whichC. whatD. how13. —It‟s reported that a new underground line has been completed.—Yes, but it has n‟t been made clear it‟s to be open to traffic.A. thatB. whenC. whatD. who14. People hold the view that life is 10% what happens to us and 90% we respond to it.A. whyB. howC. whenD. what15. The most destructive element in the human mind is fear. Only when we are no longer afraidto live.A. we are beginningB. begin weC. do we beginD. we begin16. Raising children is said to be a job parents receive the least formal training.A. in whichB. for whichC. whereD. thatA. dislikeB. satisfyC. centerD. familiarE. understandingF. roleG. honoringH. frightenedI. improvedJ. strictArt museums are places where people can learn about various cultures. The increasingly popular “design museum”that are opening today, however, perform quite a different 1 . Unlike most art museums, the design museum shows objects that are easily found by the general public. These museums sometimes even place things like fridges and washing machines in the2 of the hall.People have argued that design museums are often made use of as advertisements for new industrial technology. But their role is not simply a matter of sales—It is the 3 of excellently invented products. The difference between the window of a department store and the showcase in a design museum is that the first tries to sell you something, while the second tells you the success of a sale.One advantage of design museums is that they are places where people feel 4 with the exhibits. Unlike the average art museum visitors, design museum visitors seldom feel 5 or puzzled. This is partly because design museums clearly show how and why mass-produced products work, and how design has 6 the quality of our lives. Art museum exhibits, on the other hand, would most probably fill visitors with a feeling that there is something beyond their7 .In recent years, several new design museums have opened their doors. Each of these museums has tried to 8 the public‟s growing interest in the field with new ideas. London‟s Design Museum, for example, show a collection of mass-produced objects from Zippo lighters to electric typewriters to a group of Italian fish-tins. The choices open to design museum seem far less 9 than those to art museum.III. Reading ComprehensionIf you want your child to have perfect pitch(音高) like musical masters Mozart and Chopin, then start them early on Mandarin(普通话) or Vietnamese lessons. The possibility of developing perfect pitch seems to be strongly 1 to the language people speak, confirming that children can 2 the ability when they are very young.Estimates suggest that perfect pitch is very 3 in the US and Europe, with only about 1 in 10,000 people being 4 to hear a single tone and identify it as middle C, 5 . But it is slightly more common in people who start musical straining under five.Also, a 2008 study by psychologist Diana Deutsch of the University of California, San Diego, showed that perfect pitch is 6 is Chinese music students who speak Mandarin. Mandarin, like Cantonese and Vietnamese, is a tonal language(声调语言) in which the pitch of a spoken word is essential to its meaning. “In my experience, musicians in China don‟t regard perfect pitch as anything 7 because it‟s very common,” says Deutsch.To find out if Chinese people have a genetic 8 ,Deutsch‟s team tested 203 music students for perfect pitch --- they had to identify all 36 notes(音调) from three octaves(八度音阶) played in 9 order. Those tested included 27 ethnic Chinese and Vietnamese students who had 10 levels of fluency in the tonal language learned from their parents.It 11 that the Asian students scored no better than white students 12 they weren‟t fluent in their parents‟ language. But very fluent students scored highly, getting about 90 percent of the notes correct on average. “They did incredibly well. It was overwhelming,” says Deutsch.This suggests that 13 a tonal language plays a far greater role in perfect pitch than14 . “Is really looks as though infants should 15 perfect pitch if they are given the opportunity to attach verbal labels to musical notes at the age when they learn speech,” concludes Deutsch.1. A. exposed B. linked C. devoted D. accustomed2. A. use up B. take up C. pick up D. bring up3. A. normal B. different C. obvious D. rare4. A. ready B. anxious C. able D. curious5. A. for example B. by the way C. as well D. in addition6. A. important B. common C. impossible D. practical7. A. remarkable B. mysterious C. intelligent D. productive8. A. reverse B. random C. logical D. correct9. A. different B. similar C. high D. average10. A. figured out B. turned out C. made out D. found out11. A. because B. unless C. if D. though12. A. learning B. comparing C. teaching D. processing13. A. ages B. nationalities C. genes D. races14. A. prefer B. manage C. overcome D. acquire(A)Heading off to college this year? Here are some fashion tips from our experts you should keep in mind:Dress to impress: Stylist and business consultant Daniela Smith says, “Girls should keep in mind that your college professors will often be the bridge that connects you to your future career and your classmates will become your professional network. You don‟t need to dress like you‟re going to the office, but you should display an ability to properly present yourself with appropriate maturity and confidence, and look put together.”Logo mania(标志狂热)：Wearing the logos of brands aimed at younger customers physically identifies you as part of that age group, so consider the targeted age group of the stores you shop at. It‟s tempting to load up on logos, especially well-known logos that signify high-end brands. But consider this: college is a time of self-discovery, a chance to develop your own personal style. Instead of wearing logos head to toe, “walking advertisement” style, why not express who you really are?Wear real pants! The combination of leggings(紧身裤) and baggy shirts is all too common on college campuses. Smith point out that leggings, yoga pants, and sweatpants are entirely unacceptable in public unless you‟re exercising, Although leggings worn as pants are a common trend among high school and college girls, they are not an appropriate choice for daywear. As a young woman, your style choice should begin to reflect your maturity level. So, get rid of leggings and wear real pants!Keep the cute factor to a minimum: Stay away from sweaters and T-shirts with smiling animals, cartoon characters, or Hello Kitty on them. Sure, kittens might be cute, but they‟re notdoing you any favors in the style department. Dressing too cutesy(故意讨人喜爱的) can take years off your look, and not necessarily in a good way!1. The second paragraph indicates the importance of .A. impressing professorsB. getting on well with classmatesC. creating a professional imageD. dressing appropriately2. The author recommends wearing real pants because .A. leggings are too commonB. yoga pants and sweatpants are not comfortableC. real pants can present you with appropriate maturityD. people like real pants better than the other pants3. What‟s the writer‟s attitude towards sweaters with animals on them?A. They make people look lovely.B. They are fashionable.C. They will show you‟re an animal lover.D. They are not suitable for college-aged students.4. In which magazine are you most likely to find this passage?A. Business Week.B. Parenting.C. In style.D. Travel&Leisure.(B)One of the unsung benefits of our wired world is that for years, the most famous universities have been posting complete courses on the Web, tuition free. We have access to lectures, syllabuses(课程提纲)，exams, charts, diagrams, whole textbooks even-all in the name of the Open Course Ware movement that took off in the United States when the Massachusetts Institute of Technology began uploading classroom materials without charge in 2002. Now you practically need a full-time course adviser to help you with the choices. That‟s where we come in. Our writer, David Hochman, spent thirty days learning all he could through on-line lectures. Here are a few of his favorite teachers and his picks from the courses they teach.Marian C. Diamond, UC Berkeley, General Human Anatomy: The Human Brain and Muscular System. Says Hochman, “I stayed up past midnight absorbed in Diamond‟s simple yet amazing descriptions of what body parts do. “This mass weights only three pounds,‟ she says, holding a human brain, …yet it can imagine a universe a billion light-years across. Now is n‟t that extraordinary?‟ My brain certainly thought so.”Paul Bloom, Yale University, Introduction to Psychology; Evolution, Emotion, and Reason; Emotions, Part I. What do your dreams mean? Can apes learn sign language? Why can‟t we tickle ourselves? According to Open Yale Courses, this course tries to answer these questions and many others, providing a comprehensive description of the scientific study of thought and behavior.Michael Sandel, Harvard University, The Morality of Murder: (Part 1) The Moral Side of Murder, (Part 2) The Case For Cannibalism. A thousand students regularly pack themselves into a lecture Hall at Harvard to hear Sandel‟s course on justice, one of the most popular in the school‟s history. In this lecture, Sandel looks at difficult moral dilemmas(困境) involving choices we might one day make about life and death.Richard Feynman, Cornell University, Law of Gravitation. Says Hochman, “Maybe it‟s his cheerful New York accent, but the physicist makes the great principles of motion, energy, and, indeed, quantum mechanics(量子力学) seem down-to earth. …Even the artists appreciate the sunsets and the ocean waves and the march of the stars across the heavens,‟ he says beforeexplaining the law of gravitation.”5. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A. David Hochman needs a full-time course adviser.B. Paul Bloom students human thought and behavior.C. Michael Sandel‟s New York accent appeals to many artists.D. Marian C. Diamond often stays up past midnight, absorbed in descriptions of what bodyparts do.6. If you are interested in justice, you will probably choose .A. Michael SandelB. Richard FeynmanC. Paul BloomD. Marian C. Diamond7. The purpose of this passage is to .A. help readers to make choices of on-line free coursesB. honor well-received online teachers and their coursesC. introduce some famous universitiesD. introduce the Open Course Ware movement(B)It takes two to duet(二重唱), and one question for scientists is how these coordinated(协调的) performances arise—in birds. Are they the result of cooperation, a way in which one pair signals to others that they‟ve got it together? Or are they result of conflict, evolving to avoid one partner‟s song interfering with the other‟s?A study of duetting in Peruvian warbling antbirds(蚁鸟) suggests that it might be a little of both, and that context is everything. Joseph A. Tobias and Nathalie Seddon of the University of Oxford show in Current Biology that sexual conflict can cause the female of a pair that normally cooperates to “jam” the male‟s song by singing over it.The researchers exposed antbird pairs to recorded songs of others antbirds and monitored the songs the pairs produced. In one experiment, they played the songs of an intruding pair. In this case, the resident pair “both are likely to lose their territory, so both should cooperate,” Dr. Tobias said. And they do. They produce a coordinated duet that in effect tells the intruders to keep away.But when the researchers played the song of a single female, the pair behaved differently. “you‟d expect the resident female to the be highly motivated to defend her position in the partnership,” Dr. Tobias said. And that‟s what occurs. The male sings its heart out, flirting(调情) with the single female, and the female of the pair does its best to interfere with the song by singing over it, apparently to make her mate less attractive to the other female.“It‟s clear that the male doesn‟t like what she‟s doing,” Dr. Tobias said. The behavior “breaks up what is otherwise a very cooperative situation into a more complicated signal,” he added.It‟s the first evidence of this kind of signal jamming among pairs, Dr. Tobias said.And in that it leads the male to alter its song to avoid the female‟s interfering notes, it shows that this kind of conflict could, over a long period, drive the evolution of coordinated song.1. What is key factor of antbirds‟ duet ?A. Their cooperation.B. Their conflict.C. The context.D. Their instinct.2. How did the researchers conduct the experiment?A. They put the antbird pairs back to nature and observe them.B. They played different recorded songs of other antbirds.C. They put an anbird to the other‟s territory and observed.D. They played the songs of an intruding pair.3. Why did the female bird sing according to paragraph 4?A. It wanted to show its singing talent to the partner.B. It aimed at keeping the partnership with the male.C. It wanted to frighten the other females.D. It wanted to make her mate more attractive.4. Which of the following is the topic of this passage?A. Special phenomenon about birds‟ pairs.B. The conflict of bird pairs.C. The cooperation of bird pairs.D. Duet of bird pairs.Section CA.The great impact and progress in genetic engineeringB.Worries about privacy protectionC.Worries about medical use of genetic engineeringD.Genetic knowledge helps to predict diseasesE.Genetic knowledge may not be properly usedF.The application of genetic engineering in the medical fields1.Current research into the human gene system is helping us understand why people have predispositions(易患某病倾向) to certain diseases. Knowing our genetic makeup can help us to judge whether or not we may be stricken by particular illness, such as cancer. Even before birth, we are able to do genetic screenings to determine what a child‟s genetic disorder will be. Scientists have already isolated and identified the genes responsible for the more than 4,000 genetic diseases that affect human beings.2.The implications of this knowledge are astonishing. In addition to predicting genetic predisposition towards diseases, gene therapies may provide new treatments or cures for serious diseases. Millions of people already use genetically engineered drugs to treat heart disease, cancer, AIDS, and strokes(中风). But with the research that is now being conducted, we may find cures to many more diseases. In the near future, genetic experimentation will also allow parents to select the traits of their children. Genetic traits that determine height, weight, eye and hair color will be able to be controlled, and many parents are excited about this potential.3.Many people, however, are unwilling to accept the possibilities genetic research allows. For example, one reason some women do not use the largest genetic testing for breast cancer is because they are afraid they will be discriminated against. Another problem is that many people do not want to discover their weakness. What if they learn that they have a disease for which there areno medical cures? How will such knowledge affect their lives? Do people really want to knowwhat they will die of?4.Many people believe that history has not always shown human decision-making to be bright when it comes to ethical (道德的) choices. Jeremy Rifkin is probably the most well known opponent of genetic engineering. He believes that humans are not responsible enough toexperiment with genes and should not “play God ” He asks, “Just because it can be done, does that mean it should be done?” He points out that our society will eventually look and act the same if parents select the traits of their children, and he questions the desirability of such a society.5.One of the fears expressed about genetic experimentation involves privacy. Already blood sample taken from patients in hospitals have been used for genetic research without the patients ‟ permission. Most people would agree that one ‟s health and genetic makeup are private concerns. But if insurance companies gain access to this information, it could have a large impact on insurance coverage or costs; if employers gain access to the information, it could have a large impact on hiring or promotion decisions. The possibilities for discrimination are obvious.Section DWhen Avril Lavigne announced she was splitting from her husband, comments from her friends suggest ed that she was only 21 when she got married and later she said she realized she‟d been too young to make such a life-altering decision. Could fellow young star divorcées(离婚者) Reese Witherspoon, Kate Hudson , and Britney Spears have also hit the same age-related issue? The Magic NumberThere are practical reasons for the mid-20s dividing line, and most of them boil down to the following factors.It turns out that the more years of higher education a woman has obtained by her wedding day, the lower the chanc es that she‟ll get divorced . . . and by 25, you‟re more likely to have earned a degree or two. Educated women tend to be more confident about who they are and less willing to settle for a man who doesn‟t meet their standards.Chances are that by 25 you‟re also supporting yourself, so there‟s less incentive(刺激；鼓励)for you to rush into marriage because you‟re seeking financial security from him. But the marriage-related benefits of working and having money of your own go beyond feeling secure. learning to bud get your cash carefully when you‟re single will help you avoid financial problems —one of the main causes of couple fights —for the rest of your life.Knowing the Real YouAt 25, you‟ve had time for some essential life experiences, including a relationship o r two that may have improved your Mr. Right radar. You‟ve probably dated enough to have a better idea of what you don‟t want in a man, which makes it easier to know what you can live with and can‟t live without.Perhaps the most important aspect of waiting is that you‟ll know what your goals and values really are. While you don‟t want to marry someone just like you, marriage is a lot easier if you two Share a similar outlook on life.Twenty-four and already married to the man of your dreams? Don‟t worry: Ma ny young marriages survive. But given the choice, you might consider putting off the big day until your mid-20s or later.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)1. According to the author, one of the main causes of couple fights is .2. How do you know what you don‟t want in a man?3. What are the two main factors that lead to the mid-20s dividing line?4. The main suggestion the author gives in this passage is .Translation1.很难说服汤姆放弃自己的想法。
上海市金山区2020年高考教学质量检测（二模）英语试题及答案（word版）
上海市金山区2020年高考教学质量检测（二模）英语试题及答案（word版）金山区2020-2020学年第二学期教学质量监测高三年级英语学科试卷2020.4 考生注意：1.考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分。
2.本次考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。
所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。
3.答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上，在答题纸反面清楚地填写姓名。
I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Part A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. For one week. B. For less than a week.C. For two weeks.D. Hard to say.2. A. Go to her sister’s wedding ceremony. B. Stay at home.C. Go to George’s birthday party.D. Go to George’s house-warming party.3. A. 50 dollars. B. 40 dollars. C. 60 dollars. D. 55 dollars.4. A. She feels bored with the idea. B. She thinks ballet is funny.C. She will not go with the man anyway.D. She shows interest in the show.5. A. Snowy. B. Sunny. C. Windy. D. Cloudy.6. A. She hasn’t seen Monet’s paintings for ten years.B. She hasn’t been to the museum for long.C. She has been interested in Monet’s paintings f or ten years.D. She used to own one of Monet’s paintings.7. A. Father and daughter. B. Friends.C. Husband and wife.D. Boss and his employee.8. A. The man is not interested in the game this weekend.B. The man is not interested in the team that will play this weekend.C. The man doesn’t want to mention the game.D. The man is not interested in watching any game.9. A. She would see Ellen at last.B. She saw Ellen for the last time not long ago.C. She has many people to see before Ellen.D. She wouldn’t like to see Ellen at all.10. A. The woman is sorry for not being able to spend the holiday with the man.B. The man is a bit annoyed because the woman didn’t tell him her plan for the winter holiday.C. The man is sorry about not being able to go to Malaysia.D. The woman is excited about spending the winter holiday in Malaysia without the man. Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will bespoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. 70. B. 80. C. 130. D. 15.12. A. On Tuesdays. B. On Wednesdays.C. On Sundays.D. On Mondays.13. A. The English Family club. B. The painting club.C. The sports club.D. The music club.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Because they haven’t as much interest in finding the cure as in space travel.B. Because there are too many kinds of cold viruses for them to identify.C. Because it is not economical to find a cure for each type of cold.D. Because they believe people can recover without treatment.15. A. They reveal the seriousness of the problem.B. They indicate how fast the virus spreads.C. They tell us what kind of medicine to take.D. They show our body is fighting the virus.16. A. It can actually does more harm than good.B. It causes damage to some organs of our body.C. It works better when combined with other remedies.D. It helps us to recover much sooner.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. It lasts till today.B. It lasted about ten years.C. It’s not mentioned in the conversation.D. It lasts forever.18. A. The commercial success of several boys and girls.B. The funny daily stories that happened to a group of close friends.C. How people in Manhattan made their living.D. American culture, mainly the coffee culture.19. A. It always received positive reviews from the critics.B. It enjoyed a high rate of watching.C. It was used as a tool for English learning all over the world.D. It became a cultural phenomenon.20. A. They may go to the “Central Perk” for a cup of coffee.B. They may open a new coffee shop together.C. They may start practicing English with each other.D. They may go to the woman’s place to enjoy the show.II. Grammar and V ocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.I was eighteen, summer fading, when my parents drove me to my university apartment. It was my first apartment. ___21___ (walk) my parents solemnly back to their car, I noticed that my mother had tears in her eyes. I ___22___ (struggle) to hold back my own. Such a strong woman was she ___23___ it was rare to see such a show of emotion. At the time, I was rather surprised. Beingthe youngest of five children, I thought that my parents were accustomed to ___24___ (let) go. But maybe it’s something that never gets any easier, ___25___ _______ _______ many practice swings you get. As my parents drove off, I realized that they would return to an empty home, ___26___ all of their children leaving to pursue dreams and lives of their own. Their nest, full of love and joy for so long, was now empty. Relishing(憧憬) my new-found freedom, I concentrated on my college life. My parents did their best to give me space to learn and grow, even if I neglected to call or visit. It was a time of “firsts,” and a taste of first “lasts.”I have recently been playing Travel Frog, a mobile game that has me emotionally ___27___ (influence). In the game you gather resources, send your frog on his adventures and your payoff is, *drum roll please* ... postcards. That’s right, postcards. I thought it was a silly, overly-simplistic game at first, but then it started to bring back memories from long ago.While the game lacks the narrative detail or the interactivity of other games, you have a lesson ___28___ (learn) from your itinerant (四处奔波的) “Frog Son”. You do not control when he sets off on his adventures, ___ 29___ can you be sure that your hard work will land you a coveted(梦寐以求的) postcard. This game, however, has emotionally affected many players. They ___30___ (remind) of their parents who restlessly await their return home, their familiar voices, their love. Parents sacrifice a large part of themselves for their children. It is a sacrifice that can only be paid back with love.Section BDirections: Complete the passage with the words given in the table. Each word can be used only once. There is an extra onethat you will find no use for.A. evidenceB. significantlyC. completelyD. effectiveE. removeF. applicableG. beneficialH. environmentI. assessJ. influenceK. purifyCan Indoor Plants Really Purify the Air?Plants are very important to human life. Through photosynthesis (光合作用), they transform carbon dioxide into fresh oxygen. They are said to ___31___ toxins from the air we breathe — but is this true?One famous NASA experiment, published in 1989, found that indoor plants can clean the air by removing cancer-causing pollutants like formaldehyde and benzene. Later research has found that soil micro-organisms in potted plants also play a part in cleaning indoor air.Based on this research, some scientists say house plants are ___32___ air purifiers, and the bigger and leafier the plant, the better. “The amount of leaf surface area can ___33___ the rate of air purification,” says Bill Wolverton, a former NASA research scientist who conducted that 1989 plant study.Other experts, however, say the ___34___ that plants can effectively accomplish this feat is far from conclusive.“There are no definitive studies to show that having indoorplants can ___35___ increase the air quality in your home,” says Lu z Claudio, a professor of environmental medicine and public he alth at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. There’s no question that plants are capable of removing volatile chemical toxins from the air “under laboratory conditions,” according to Claudio. But in the real world — in your home or in your office space —the notion that putting a few plants together can ___36___ your air doesn’t have much hard science to back it up.Most research efforts to date, including the NASA study, placed indoor plants in small, sealed environments in order to ___37___ how much air-purifying power they have. But those studies aren’t really ___38___ to what happens in a house, says Stanley Kays, a professor of horticulture at the University of Georgia.In many cases, the air in your home ___39___ turns over —that is, exchanges places with outdoor air —once every hour. “In most instances, air exchange with the outside has a far greater effect on indoor air quality than plants,” Kays says.Many people may be disappointed by what Kays said, but the professor also made it clear that he believes house plants are ___40___ — they are not only pleasant living companions, but also provide a number of health benefits. Studies have shown plants can knock out stress by calming the sympathetic nervous system, and can also make people feel happier. More research shows spending time around nature has a positive effect on a person’s mood and energy levels.III. Reading comprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blankwith the word or phrase that best fits the context.What the scientists are saying…The first primate (灵长目动物) clonesFor the first time, scientists have used the technique that produced Dolly the sheep to clone monkeys. The Chinese researchers who produced the two macaques say that having access to genetically identical primates will be a huge ___41___ to medical research. It will give scientists a clearer understanding of genetic ___42___ by enabling them to compare animals who are identical except for one tweaked gene; when ___43___ drugs, it will make it possible to rule out the possibility that variations in outcomes are down to genetic ___44___. But other experts have raised a host of ___45___. The somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) technique involves ___46___ a cell nucleus to a donated nucleus-free egg that is then prompted to develop into an embryo（胚胎）. Although 23 species have been cloned in this way, primates have only been cloned before using a less complex embryo-splitting technique. Similar to the process that creates twins, it can only lead to a very ___47___ number of genetically identical individuals. SCNT can in ___48___ lead to a far larger number of clones, but in the Chinese experiment, the fail rate was very high. The team implanted scores of embryos, but only two monkeys survived beyond a few days.___49___ to that is the concern that by cloning a primate species, the team has broken down a significant ___50___ on the way to cloning humans.Herbal remedy dangerHerb al remedies such as St. John’s wort and ginseng may be ___51___ when used alongside conventional drugs, reports The Guardian. In a review of medical literature, researchers atStellenbosch University in South Africa found several ___52___ of alternative treatments appearing to ___53___ with prescription drugs, resulting in potentially dangerous side effects. In one case, the autopsy(解剖) of a 55-year-old who died while swimming concluded that the ginkgo biloba supplements he had been taking may have ___54___his anti-seizure (防止发作) medicine. Other cases documented patients on statins appearing to suffer complications linked to flaxse ed, St. John’s wort and green tea. “If you are taking herbal remedies, you should ___55___it to your clinician,” said one of the report’s authors, Dr Charles Awortwe.41. A. threat B. damage C. benefit D. potential42. A. variations B. diseases C. structures D. factors43. A. manufacturing B. applying C. testing D. prescribing44. A. mess B. differences C. losses D. recombination45. A. concerns B. focuses C. funds D. suspicion46. A. translating B. transferring C. connecting D. reversing47. A. magnificent B. astonishing C. limited D. accurate48. A. theory B. reality C. advance D. addition49. A. Attached B. Related C. Compared D. Added50. A. access B. key C. barrier D. contribution51. A. harmful B. useful C. helpful D. purposeful52. A. methods B. figures C. problems D. instances53. A. deal B. interact C. mix D. identify54. A. put forward B. moved up C. held down D. carried on55. A. claim B. avoid C. classify D. mentionSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in thepassage you have just read.(A)Cure for tiredness?Staying up late is a potential battle between parents and kids. But the solution could be as simple as changing your meal time.Researchers at the University of Surry, UK, found that delaying meals could help change one of the internal body clocks. Besides a “master” clock in the brain, there are clocks in other parts of the body. They are usually synchronized according to factors including light.During the study, researchers tested 10 participants to examine the effect of changing meal times on their body clocks. The participants were given three meals – breakfast, lunch and dinner. In the first stage, participants received breakfast 30 minutes after waking. Lunch and dinner followed, after 5-hour intervals. In the second stage, each meal was delayed by 5 hours. Right。
2011年上海黄浦区高三二模英语试题及答案
2011年上海黄浦区高三二模英语试题及答案黄浦区2011年高考模拟考英语试卷（完卷时间：120分钟满分：150分）2011年4月14日下午第I卷I. Listening ComprehensionSection A Short ConversationsDirections: In section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. In a library. B. Under a big chair.C.In his office.D. Under a huge tree.2. A. 8:05 a.m. B. 9:30 a.m. C. 7:30 a.m. D. 11:30 a.m.3. A. Boss and secretary. B. Classmates.C. Husband and wife.D. Teacher and student.4. A. She wants to get some sleep. B. She has had too much coffee.B.She needs time to write a paper. D. She has a literature class to attend.5. A. See a doctor. B. Stay in bed for a few days.C. Get treatment in a better hospital. D．Make a phone call.6. A. To paint it grey and draw a duck on it.B.To paint it white and write something on it.C.To paint it white and put up some drawings.D.To paint it grey and do some drawings on it.7. A. Have a rest. B. Take two weeks off.C. Continue his work outdoors. D．Go to the park with the woman.8. A. She also has a dictionary of this kind.B.She didn‘t know the man was good at writing.C.She isn‘t surprised at the man‘s getting the prize.D.The dictionary is so marvelous that she wants to have it.9. A. The 2:30 train has a dining car.B.The man prefers to take the 2:30 train.C.The 2:00 train will reach Washington earlier.D.They are going to have some fast food on the train.10. A. He was seriously injured in a car accident.B.He was absent all week because of sickness.C.He called to say that his wife had been injured.D.He had to be away from school to look after his wife.Section B PassagesDirections: In section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. By getting organized. B. By finding a hobby.C. By setting clear goals.D. By making new friends.12. A. Saving money. B. Joining clubs more easily.C. Fighting against boredom.D. Achieving goals.13. A. Employees. B. Parents. C. Students. D. Teachers.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. They strongly follow family rules.B. T hey are very likely to succeed in life.C. They are in the habit of obeying their parents.D. They tend to take responsibility for themselves.15. A. They grow up to be funny and charming.B.They tend to be smart and strong-willed.C.They often have a poor sense of direction.D.They get less attention from their parents.16. A. Th ey usually don‘t follow family orders.B.They are less likely to be successful in life.C.They tend to believe in their parents‘ ideas.D.They don‘t like to take chances in their lives.Section C Longer ConversationsDirections: In section C, you will hear two longer conversations. Each conversation will be read twice. After you hear the conversation, you are required to fill in the。
英语二2011年真题及答案
英语二2011年真题及答案2011年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)The Internet affords anonymity to its users, a blessing to privacy and freedom of speech. But that very anonymity is also behind the exploration of cyber-crime that has __1__ across the Web.Can privacy be preserved __2__ bringing safety and security to a world that seems increasingly __3__ ?Last month, Howard Schmidt, the nation's cyber-czar, offered the federal government a __4__ to make the web a safer place-a "voluntary trusted identity" system that would be the high-tech __5__ of a physical key, a fingerprint and a photo ID card, all rolled __6__ one. The system might use a smart identity card,or a digital credential __7__ to a specific computer, and would authenticate users at a range of online services.The idea is to __8__ a federation of private online identity systems. Users could __9__ which system to join, and only registered users whose identities have been authenticated could navigate those systems. The approach contrasts with one that would require an Internet driver's license __10__ by the government.Google and Microsoft are among companies that already have these "single sign-an" systems that make it possible for users to __11__ just once but use many different services.__12__ , the approach would create a "walled garden" in cyberspace, with safe "neighborhoods" and bright " streetlights" to establish a sense of a __13__ community.Mr. Schmidt described it as a "voluntary ecosystem" in which "individuals and organizations can complete online transactionswith __14__ , trusting the identities of each other and the identities of the infrastructure ___15___ which the transaction runs. "Still, the administration's plan has ___16___ privacy rights activists. Some applaud the approach; others are concerned. It seems clear that such a scheme is an initiative push toward what would ___17___ be a compulsory Internet "driver's license" mentality.The plan has also been greeted with ___18__ by some computer security experts, who worry that the "voluntary ecosystem" envisioned by Mr. Schmidt would still leave much of the Internet __19__ They argue that all Internet users should be __20__ to register and identify themselves, in the same way that drivers must be licensed to drive on public roads.1. [A] swept [B] skipped [C] walked [D] ridden2. [A] for [B] within [C] while [D] though3. [A] careless [B] lawless [C]pointless [D] helpless4. [A] reason [B] reminder [C] compromise [D] proposal5. [A] information [B] interference [C] entertainment [D] equivalent6. [A] by [B] into [C] from [D] over7. [A] linked [B] directed [C] chained [D] compared8. [A] dismiss [B] discover [C] create [D] improve9. [A] recall [B] suggest [C] select [D] realize10. [A] released [B] issued [C] distributed [D] delivered11. [A] carry on [B] linger on [C] set in [D] log in12. [A] In vain [B] In effect [C] In return [D] In contrast13. [A] trusted [B] modernized [C] thriving [D] competing14. [A] caution [B] delight [C] confidence [D] patience15. [A] on [B] after [C] beyond [D] across16. [A] divided [B] disappointed [C] protected [D] united17. [A] frequently [B] incidentally [C] occasionally [D] eventually18. [A] skepticism [B] tolerance [C] indifference [D] enthusiasm19. [A] manageable [B] defendable [C] vulnerable [D] invisible20. [A] invited [B] appointed [C] allowed [D] forcedSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C orD. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)Text 1Ruth Simmons joined Goldman Sachs' board as an outside director in January 2000; a year later she became president of Brown University. For the rest of the decade she apparently managed both roles without attracting much criticism. But by the end of 2009 Mrs. Simmons was under fire for having sat on Goldman's compensation committee; how could she have let those enormous bonus payouts pass unremarked? By February the next year Mrs. Simmons had left the board. The position was just taking up too much time, she said.Outside directors are supposed to serve as helpful, yet less biased, advisers on a firm's board. Having made their wealth and their reputations elsewhere, they presumably have enough independence to disagree with the chief executive's proposals. If the sky, and the share price, is falling, outside directors should be able to give advice based on having weathered theirown crises.The researchers from Ohio University used a database that covered more than 10,000 firms and more than 64,000 different directors between 1989 and 2004. Then they simply checked which directors stayed from one proxy statement to the next. The most likely reason for departing a board was age, so the researchers concentrated on those "surprise" disappearances by directors under the age of 70. They found that after a surprise departure, the probability that the company will subsequently have to restate earnings increases by nearly 20%. The likelihood of being named in a federal class-action lawsuit also increases, and the stock is likely to perform worse. The effect tended to be larger for larger firms. Although a correlation between them leaving and subsequent bad performance at the firm is suggestive, it does not mean that such directors are always jumping off a sinking ship. Often they "trade up," leaving riskier, smaller firmsfor larger and more stable firms.But the researches believe that outside directors have an easier time of avoiding a blow to their reputations if they leave a firm before bad news break, even if a review of history shows that they were on the board at the time any wrongdoing occurred. Firms who want to keep their outside directors through tough times may have to create incentives. Otherwise outside directors will follow the example of Ms. Simmons, once again very popular on campus.21. According to Paragraph 1, Ms. Simmons was criticized for __________________.[A] gaining excessive profits[B] failing to fulfill her duty[C] refusing to make compromises[D] leaving the board in tough times22. We learn from Paragraph 2 that outside directors are supposed to be __________________.[A] generous investors[B] unbiased executives[C] share price forecasters[D] independent advisers23. According to the researchers from Ohio University, after an outside director' s surprise departure, the firm is likely to __________________.[A] become more stable[B] report increased earnings[C] do less well in the stock market[D] perform worse in lawsuits24. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that outside directors __________________.[A] may stay for the attractive offers from the firm[B] have often had records of wrongdoings in the firm[C] are accustomed to stress -free work in the firm[D] will decline incentives from the firm25. The author' s attitude toward the role ofoutside directors is __________________.[A] permissive[B] positive[C] scornful[D] criticalText 2Whatever happened to the death of newspapers? A year ago the end seemed near. The recession threatened to remove the advertising and readers that had not already fled to the internet. Newspapers like the San Francisco Chronicle were chronicling their own doom. America's Federal Trade Commission launched a round of talks about how to save newspapers. Should they become charitable corporations? Should the state subsidize them? It will hold another meeting soon. But the discussions now seem out of date.In much of the world there is little sign of crisis. German and Brazilian papers have shrugged off the recession. Even Americannewspapers, which inhabit the most troubled comer of the global industry, have not only survived but often returned to profit. Not the 20% profit margins that were routine a few years ago, but profit all the same.It has not been much fun. Many papers stayed afloat by pushing journalists overboard. The American Society of News Editors reckons that 13,500 newsroom jobs have gone since 2007. Readers are paying more for slimmer products. Some papers even had the nerve to refuse delivery to distant suburbs. Yet these desperate measures have proved the right ones and, sadly for many journalists, they can be pushed further.Newspapers are becoming more balanced businesses, with a healthier mix of revenues from readers and advertisers. American papers have long been highly unusual in their reliance on ads. Fully 87% of their revenues came from advertising in 2008, according to the Organization for Economic Cooperation &Development (OECD). In Japan the proportion is 35%. Not surprisingly, Japanese newspapers are much more stable.The whirlwind that swept through newsrooms harmed everybody, but much of the damage has been concentrated in areas where newspapers are least distinctive. Car and film reviewers have gone. So have science and general business reporters. Foreign bureaus have been savagely cut off. Newspapers are less complete as a result. But completeness is no longer a virtue in the newspaper business.26. By saying "Newspapers like…their own doom"(Line 3, Para. 1), the author indicates that newspapers ________________.[A] neglected the sign of crisis[B] failed to get state subsidies[C] were not charitable corporations[D] were in a desperate situation27. Some newspapers refused delivery to distant suburbs probably because ________________.[A] readers threatened to pay less[B] newspapers wanted to reduce costs[C] journalists reported little about these areas[D] subscribers complained about slimmer products28. Compared with their American counterparts, Japanese newspapers are much more stable because they ________________.[A] have more sources of revenue[B] have more balanced newsrooms[C] are less dependent on advertising[D] are less affected by readership29. What can be inferred from the last paragraph about the current newspaper business?[A] Distinctiveness is an essential feature of newspapers.[B] Completeness is to blame for the failure of newspaper.[C] Foreign bureaus play a crucial role inthe newspaper business.[D] Readers have lost their interest in car and film reviews.30. The most appropriate title for this text would be ________________.[A] American Newspapers: Struggling for Survival[B] American Newspapers: Gone with the wind[C] American Newspapers: A Thriving Business[D] American Newspapers: A Hopeless StoryText 3We tend to think of the decades immediately following World War 11 as a time of prosperity and growth, with soldiers returning home by the millions, going off to college on the G. I. Bill and lining up at the marriage bureaus.But when it came to their houses, it was atime of common sense and a belief that less could truly be more. During the Depression and the war, Americans had learned to live with less, and that restraint, in combination with the postwar confidence in the future, made small, efficient housing positively stylish.Economic condition was only a stimulus for the trend toward efficient living. The phrase "less is more" was actually first popularized by a German, the architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, who like other people associated with the Bauhaus, a school of design, emigrated to the United States before World War Ⅱand took up posts at American architecture schools. These designers came to exert enormous influence on the course of American architecture, but none more so than Mies.Mie's signature phrase means that less decoration, properly organized, has more impact than a lot. Elegance, he believed, did not derive from abundance. Like other modern architects, he employed metal, glass andlaminated wood -- materials that we take for granted today but that in the1940s symbolized the future. Mies's sophisticated presentation masked the fact that the spaces he designed were small and efficient, rather than big and often empty.The apartments in the elegant towers Mies built on Chicago's Lake Shore Drive, for example, were smaller -- two-bedroom units under 1,000 square feet -- than those in their older neighbors along the city's Gold Coast. But they were popular because of their airy glass walls, the views they afforded and the elegance of the buildings' details and proportions, the architectural equivalent of the abstract art so popular at the time.The trend toward "less" was not entirely foreign. In the 1930s Frank Lloyd Wright started building more modest and efficient houses -- usually around 1,200 square feet -- than the spreading two-story ones he had designed in the 1890s and the early 20th century.The "Case Study Houses" commissioned from talented modern architects by California Arts & Architecture magazine between 1945 and 1962 were yet another homegrown influence on the "less is more" trend. Aesthetic effect came from the landscape, new materials and forthright detailing. In his Case Study House, Ralph Rapson may have mispredicted just how the mechanical revolution would impact everyday life -- few American families acquired helicopters, though most eventually got clothes dryers -- but his belief that self-sufficiency was both desirable and inevitable was widely shared.31. The postwar American housing style largely reflected the Americans' ________________.[A] prosperity and growth[B] efficiency and practicality[C] restraint and confidence[D] pride and faithfulness32. Which of the following can be inferred from Paragraph 3 about the Bauhaus?[A] It was founded by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe.[B] Its designing concept was affected by World War I1.[C] Most American architects used to be associated with it.[D] It had a great influence upon American architecture.33. Mies held that elegance of architectural design ________________.[A] was related to large space[B] was identified with emptiness[C] was not reliant on abundant decoration[D] was not associated with efficiency34. What is true about the apartments Mies built on Chicago's Lake Shore Drive?[A] They ignored details and proportions.[B] They were built with materials popular at that time.[C] They were more spacious than neighboring buildings.[D] They shared some characteristics ofabstract art.35. What can we learn about the design of the "Case Study Houses" ?[A] Mechanical devices were widely used.[B] Natural scenes were taken into account.[C] Details were sacrificed for the overall effect.[D] Eco-friendly materials were employed.Text 4Will the European Union make it? The question would have sounded strange not long ago. Now even the project's greatest cheerleaders talk of a continent facing a "Bermuda triangle" of debt, population decline and lower growth.As well as those chronic problems, the EU faces an acute crisis in its economic core, the 16 countries that use the single currency. Markets have lost faith that the euro zone's economies, weaker or stronger, will one day converge thanks to the discipline of sharing a singlecurrency, which denies uncompetitive members the quick fix of devaluation.Yet the debate about how to save Europe's single currency from disintegration is stuck. It is stuck because the euro zone's dominant powers, France and Germany, agree on the need for greater harmonization within the euro zone, but disagree about what to harmonise.Germany thinks the euro must be saved by stricter rules on borrowing, spending and competitiveness, backed by quasi-automatic sanctions for governments that do not obey. These might include threats to freeze EU funds for poorer regions and EU mega-projects, and even the suspension of a country's voting fights in EU ministerial councils. It insists that economic co-ordination should involve all 27 members of the EU club, among whom there is a small majority for free - market liberalism and economic rigour; in the inner core alone, Germany fears, a small majority favour French interference.A "southern" camp headed by France wants something different: "European economic government" within an inner core of euro-zone members. Translated, that means politicians intervening in monetary policy and a system of redistribution from richer to poorer members, via cheaper borrowing for governments through common Eurobonds or complete fiscal transfers. Finally, figures close to the French government have murmured, euro-zone members should agree to some fiscal and social harmonization: e.g. , curbing competition in corporate-tax rates or labour costs.It is too soon to write off the EU. It remains the world's largest trading block. At its best, the European project is remarkably liberal: built around a single market of 27 rich and poor countries, its internal borders are far more open to goods, capital and labour than any comparable trading area. It is an ambitious attempt to blunt the sharpest edges of globalization, and make capitalism benign.36. The EU is faced with so many problems that ________________.[A] it has more or less lost faith in markets[B] even its supporters begin to feel concerned[C] some of its member countries plan to abandon euro[D] it intends to deny the possibility of devaluation37. The debate over the EU's single currency is stuck because the dominant powers ________________.[A] are competing for the leading position[B] are busy handling their own crises[C] fail to reach an agreement on harmonization[D] disagree on the steps towards disintegration38. To solve the euro problem, Germany proposed that ________________.[A] EU funds for poor regions be increased[B] stricter regulations be imposed[C] only core members be involved in economic co-ordination[D] voting fights of the EU members be guaranteed39. The French proposal of handling the crisis implies that ________________.[A] poor countries are more likely to get funds[B] strict monetary policy will be applied to poor countries[C] loans will be readily available to rich countries[D] rich countries will basically control Eurobonds40. Regarding the future of the EU, the author seems to feel[A] pessimistic [B] desperate [C] conceited [D] hopefulPart BDirections:Read the following text and answer thequestions by finding information from the right column that corresponds to each of the marked details given in the left column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) Leading doctors today weigh in on the debate over the government's role in promoting public health by demanding that ministers impose "fat taxes" on unhealthy food and introduce cigarettestyle warnings to children about the dangers of a poor diet.The demands follow comments made last week by the health secretary, Andrew Lansley, who insisted the government could not force people to make healthy choices and promised to free businesses from public health regulations.But senior medical figures want to stop fast-food outlets opening near schools, restrict advertising of products high in fat, salt or sugar, and limit sponsorship of sports events by fast-food producers such as McDonald' s.They argue that government action isnecessary to curb Britain's addiction to unhealthy food and help halt spiraling rates of obesity, diabetes and heart disease. Professor Terence Stephenson, president of the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, said that the consumption of unhealthy food should be seen to be just as damaging as smoking or excessive drinking."Thirty years ago, it would have been inconceivable to have imagined a ban on smoking in the workplace or pubs, and yet that is what we have now. Are we willing to be just as courageous in respect of obesity? I would suggest that we should be," said the leader of the UK' s children' s doctors.Lansley has alarmed health campaigners by suggesting he wants industry rather than government to take the lead. He said that manufacturers of crisps and candies could play a central role in the Chang4Life campaign, the centrepiece of government efforts to boost healthy eating and fitness. He has also criticisedthe celebrity chef Jamie Oliver' s high-profile attempt to improve school lunches in England as an example of how "lecturing" people was not the best way to change their behaviour.Stephenson suggested potential restrictions could include banning TV advertisements for foods high in fat, salt or sugar before 9 pm and limiting them on billboards or in cinemas. "If we were really bold, we might even begin to think of high-calorie fast food in the same way as cigarettes-by setting strict limits on advertising, product placement and sponsorship of sports events," he said.Such a move could affect firms such as McDonald's, which sponsors the youth coaching scheme run by the Football Association. Fast-food chains should also stop offering "inducements" such as toys, cute animals and mobile phone credit to lure young customers, Stephenson said.Professor Dinesh Bhugra, president of the Royal College of Psychiatrists, said : "Ifchildren are taught about the impact that food has on their growth, and that some things can harm, at least information is available up front. "He also urged councils to impose "fast-food-free zones" around schools and hospitals-areas within which takeaways cannot open.A Department of Health spokesperson said:" We need to create a new vision for public health where all of society works together to get healthy and live longer. This includes creating a new 'responsibility deal' with business, built on social responsibility, not state regulation. Later this year, we will publish a white paper setting out exactly how we will achieve this. "The food industry will be alarmed that such senior doctors back such radical moves, especially the call to use some of the tough tactics that have been deployed against smoking over the last decade.[A] "fat taxes" should be imposed on fast-food producers such asMcDonald's.41．Andrew Lansley held that [B] the government should ban fast-food outlets in the neighborhood of schools.42．Terence Stephenson agreed that [C] "lecturing" was an effective way to improve school lunches in England.43．Jamie Oliver seemed to believe that [D] cigarette-style warning should be introduced to children about the dangers of a poor diet.44．Dinesh Bhugra suggested that [E] the producers of crisps and candies could contribute significantly to the Change4Life camign.45．A Department of Health spokesperson proposed that [F] parents should set good examples for their children by keeping a healthy diet at home.[G] the government should strengthen the sense of responsibility among businesses.Section ⅢTranslation46. Directions:In this section, there is a text in English. Translate it into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)Who would have thought that, globally, the IT industry produces about the same volume of greenhouse gases as the world's airlines do -- roughly 2 percent of all CO2 emissions?Many everyday tasks take a surprising toll on the environment. A Google search can leak between 0.2 and 7.0 grams of CO2, depending on how many attempts are needed to get the "right" answer. To deliver results to its users quickly, then, Google has to maintain vast datacentres around the world, packed with powerful computers. While producing large quantities of CO2, these computers emit a great deal of heat, so the centres need to be well air-conditioned, which uses even more energy.However, Google and other big tech providers monitor their efficiency closely and make improvements. Monitoring is the first step on the road to reduction, but there is much more to be done, and not just by big companies.Section ⅣWritingPart A47. Directions:Suppose your cousin Li Ming has just been admitted to a university. Write him/her a letter to1) congratulate him/her, and2) give him/her suggestions on how to get prepared for university life.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Zhang Wei" instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B48. Directions:Write an essay based on the following chart. In your writing, you should1 ) interpret the chart and2) give your comments.You should write at least 150 words.Write your essay on ANSWER SHEET 2. ( 15 points)2011考研英语（二）真题答案1．A 2．C 3．B 4．D 5．D 6．B 7．A 8．C 9．C 10．B 11．D 12．B 13．A 14．C 15．A 16．A 17．D 18．A 19．C 20．D 21．B 22．D 23．C 24．A 25．B26．D 27．B 28．C 29．A 30．A 31．C 32．D 33．C 34．D 35．B 36．B 37．C 38．B 39．A 40．D 41．E 42．D 43．C 44．B 45．G。
2021年上海市金山区中考英语二模试卷(附答案详解)
2021年上海市金山区中考英语二模试卷1.Before riding your E-bike, do yourself favour and wear a helmet（头盔）.（）A. aB. anC. theD. /2. A sandstorm swept across Beijing the morning of March 15，turning the sky yellow.（）A. inB. onC. atD. for3.When returning to the school, the old teacher was shown around by a student of .（）A. sheB. herC. hersD. herself4.-Which of the two T-shirts will you take-I'll take ，one is for my father, the other for my brother.（）A. eitherB. neitherC. bothD. all5.The students are doing in English than before with their teacher's help.（）A. betterB. bestC. wellD. good6.Your health is thing in your life.（）A. importantB. more importantC. most importantD. the most important7.She encouraged us more confidence in learning English in the new semester.（）A. haveB. havingC. hadD. to have8.______ you have made up your mind to lose weight,you'd better eat less in the evening.（）A. SinceB. AlthoughC. UnlessD. Until9.Finland the happiest country in the world the last four years.（）A. has namedB. has been namedC. namedD. was named10.Don't give up working hard, you will never achieve anything in your life.（）A. soB. orC. butD. and11.The winter is coming. Ants are really busy for food for the winter.（）A. lookB. lookingC. lookedD. to look12.Baiji dolphins（白鱀豚）in the Yangtze River for 20 million years. But now, they havenearly disappeared.（）A. liveB. livedC. have livedD. had lived13.It heavily when we arrived at Hongqiao Railway Station yesterday afternoon.（）A. is rainingB. was rainingC. will rainD. would rain14.It's so late. I'm afraid I go and make a phone call to my family.（）A. mustB. canC. mayD. could15.Nowadays, few people use cameras to take photos, ？（）A. are theyB. aren't theyC. do theyD. don't they16. A. looked at B. confused C. warmly D. grew up E. sharingDear Ms. Librarian,I don't know if you still remember me. Perhaps you don't. Afterall, I am only one of the many people, at one time or another, that you have helped.I don't remember your face as clearly as I wish I could, but I do remember how you（1）______ me. I was nine years old and standing at your desk, not for a book but for hope, fora path forward.I remember that you smiled at me（2）______ . I just felt I was safe staying with you.You were always there-a kind, supportive adult. When I asked you a question, you would do your best to patiently answer it. When I felt（3）______ because life seemed to be harder than I had imagined it could be, I would go to you. You would always calm me down by（4）______ your love for books with me. You would always help me find a way out.17. A.offered B. medicine C. lucky D. the others E. additionI don't know how to thank you enough, but I'll try. Thank you for letting me understandthat books can be like（1）______ . Thank you for knowing that sometimes, people come to you not for books at all. You are not just a librarian. You are also a carer, a socialworker, a teacher, among the many other roles you have served in your time.How（2）______ I was to meet you! It's you who completely changed my life. I am grateful for all the help you have（3）______ .On behalf of the little girl I was and all（4）______ like me for whom you have provideda book-and hope, thank you.18.Would you like to go to one of the best ______ in the world？（university）19.Cooking is my favorite. Seeing others eating ______ makes me satisfied.（happy）20.Now more and more parents have realized the ______ of outdoor play.（important）21.Thanksgiving Day is on the ______ Thursday in November.（four）22.You can ______ on Jane---She always keeps her promises.（independent）23.Tom, be ______ not to wake up the sleeping baby.（careless）24.The ______ of the Cassette Tape（盒式磁带），Lou Ottens, dies at the age of 94.（invent）25.When I feel nervous, I always take a deep breath and say to ______ ，"I can try."（I）26.Beyonce expressed her pride in being "black" through the song.（改为一般疑问句）______ Beyonce ______ her pride in being "black" through the song27.I go to see my grandparents twice a week．（对划线部分提问）____________do you go to see your grandparents28."When will you see the flower exposition？"She asked me.（改为带有宾语从句的复合句）She asked me when ______ see the flower exposition.29.Yesterday morning I woke up only after the alarm clock rang.（保持句意基本不变）Yesterday morning I ______ wake up ______ the alarm clock rang.30.Since you are not a child any longer, you should behave like an adult.（保持原句意思不变）Since you are ______ a child, you should behave like an adult.31.Water covers most of the Earth's surface.（改为被动语态）Most of the Earth's surface ______ by water.32.your, mum, remember, the housework, to, help, with（连词成句）______G1Andy's South American______ March 16 th, 6 p.m. Today is ourlast day in La Paz, the capital of Bolivia. Tomorrow Max and I aregoing to Coroico, a town about 60 kilometers from here. We'retaking a bus along the North Yungas Road, also known as " Death Road " . It goes along steep hillsides and cliffs. People call it the most dangerous road in the world! There are hundreds of accidents on it every year.March 17 th, 9 a.m.I've found out more about the North Yungas Road. It's only about 3 meters wide, and in some parts there's drop of at least 600 meters. That's more than half a kilometer! There's no barrier（屏障）along the side of the road. And there's often rain or fog, which makes iteven more dangerous.I found out another thing. Here in Bolivia, they drive on the right side of the road. But on the North Yungas Road, they drive on the left. Why？Because this means that the drive on the dangerous side of the road can see the edge of the road more easily. The driver's seat is on the left side of the bus, so the driver is close to the edge. Our bus leaves in one hour!March 17 th, 8 p.m.We got to Coroico safely. It was terrifying sometimes! But there was no rain or fog. Our driver told us the road is safer than it used to be, and he's driven it many times before. He didn't drive fast, and we never went too close to the edge. Thank you, Mr. Bus Driver!33.Which of the following is the best to be filled in the title？______A. travel blogB. friendC. letterD. notice34.Andy took a trip in Bolivia ______ .A. by car aloneB. on footC. with his friend MaxD. with his driver35.The North Yungas Road, is known as" ______ ".A. CoroicoB. Mr. Bus DriverC. the capital of BoliviaD. Death Road36.In paragraph 2 itrefers to ______ here.A. driving on the North Yungas RoadB. travelling in Bolivia in South AmericaC. the town CoroicoD. the weather on the road37.The underlined word terrifying in Paragraph 4 most probably means ______ .A. rather freezingB. extremely frighteningC. very comfortableD. really enjoyable38.The text above is written to ______ .A. thank Andy's driverB. introduce the most dangerous roadC. tell people not to travel to Coroico in BoliviaD. describe Andy's experience on the North Yungas RoadHabits of Successful Language Learners As a language learner, you are not alone. About 1.2 billion people worldwide are learning a（1）______ language. However, not all of them enjoy success. We talked to hundreds of successful Language learners. They shared with us some of their habits.One key to long-term success is working towards the goal（2）______ . Most successful language learners make sure to spend a few minutes practicing every day. We also studied some"nine-to-fivers（朝九晚五）". These language learners practice their language only in class. In the long run, they show much（3）______ progress than those who practice daily. They are also more likely to"drop out".The second habit of successful language learners is that they don't "binge study（临时抱佛脚）". Instead, they make progress through a number of short study sessions over a longer period of time.Learners who practice now and then for a marathon to catch up are more likely to give up altogether.Some language learners always want to learn as much new material as they can. But it has been proved that one gradually forgets what he or she has learned over time. Let's be honest：Do you still remember all the English words and expressions you learned last year Successful language learners（4）______ the old material regularly. Regular revision turns yourshort-term memory into long-term memory.Are you having a hard time improving your English Then you may try to（5）______ these three habits. Don't worry if it takes time. Mastering a second language is a long（6）______ --it should take time!39. A. ancient B. modern C. official D. foreign40. A. sooner or later B. all the timeC. over and overD. in a hurry41. A. slower B. faster C. further D. better42. A. go over B. take away C. collect D. produce43. A. break B. change C. develop D. kick44. A. program B. process C. history D. life45.On my father's birthday, my parents and I went out for dinner. The restaurant was brightlylit and very noisy, with lots of diners. Waiters move （1）b ______ between the tables.We had just ordered our meals when suddenly all the lights in the restaurant went out. The place went completely dark. All the conversations in the restaurant（2）s ______ for a moment, and then everybody started talking together.'What's happened to the lights？''Ooh, it's a blackout!'Some people laughed, and other seemed a little （3）w ______ .Then the restaurant manager came in, holding a candle. He spoke to all the diners,'Ladies and gentlemen, I am very sorry for this. Our power has gone out. The power has gone out across the whole neighbourhood, and we don't know when it will be restored. Please be （4）p ______ . Our waiters will bring candles so that you can continue with your evening.'The waiters came in with lit candles and placed them on the tables. One of the dinersasked,‘What about our meals？''Don't worry, sir,' replied the manager.'Fortunately, we use gas in our kitchen, not （5）e ______ ，so the chef can continue cooking all your meals. Once again, ladies andgentlemen, I（6）a ______ .'My father said to me,'let's go out the street and take a look.'He and I went out of the front door and looked up and down the street. Sure enough, it was in total darkness.We went back in and sat at the table with my mother. Our faces were lit up by thecandlelight.The waiter brought our meals and we started eating.'You know, I don't mind this at all.'said Dad. He looked around at the restaurant.'It's quite pretty! And I feel（7）s ______ ---I'm having a birthday dinner by candlelight!''You always look on the right side!'said Mum. We all laughed.46.Mark Twain is one of the most quoted authors ever. There are hundreds of his quotations（语录）in books on posters and on websites. Here is an example："If you tell the truth, you don't have to remember anything."---Mark Twain.Quotations like this one give us guidance. It reminds us that telling a lie is much moredifficult than telling the truth. Telling a lie means you have to remember what you said each time you tell the lie. If you tell the truth, there is nothing to remember. He suggests that you shouldn't lie not because it is wrong, but because it is hard work. Here is another example."Always obey your parents when they are present."---Mark TwainAgain, the quotation give good advice---to always obey your parents, but the humorous part is when they are present. The quotation tells you to obey your parents when they are there with you---because they can see what you are doing.Albert Einstein's quotations are also popular. Many of his quotations are inspirational（鼓舞人心的）. This means that they help us to do our best and be the best person we can be.Here is an example："Learn from yesterday, live for today, hope for tomorrow. The important thing is not to stop questioning."---Albert EinsteinThis is a much more serious quotation than the two Mark Twain ones. It gives us a lot to think about. Also, because this was said by Albert Einstein, it makes us want to take the quotation serious. This quotation gives us hope that that we can learn from any mistake we made yesterday. It reminds us to always look closely at everything we do and ask the right questions to help us achieve our best.Where are Mark Twain's quotations always used？______Telling a lie is easier than telling the truth, isn't it？______According to Mark Twain, why should we always obey our parents when they are present？______What does"Learn from yesterday."in Albert Einstein's quotation really mean______What's the purpose of not to stop questioning______Among the three quotations above, which one impresses（印象）you most？Why？______ 47.Write at least 60 words on the topic"Keep your mind open".（以"敞开心扉/心胸开阔" 为题，写一篇至少60 个单词的短文，标点符号不占格.）在生活中，你对你的生活满意吗？不满意的话，是什么原因呢？如果我们能以开阔的胸怀面对不同的事物，从不同的角度去思考问题，可能会得到意想不到的收获。
2011年英语二真题答案及解析
2011年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试卷2011年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试卷Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D an ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)"The Internet affords anonymity to its users — a boon to privacy and freedom of speech. But that very anonymity is also behind the explosion of cyber crime that has 1 across the Web.Can privacy be preserved 2 bringing a semblance of safety and security to a world that seems increasingly 3 ?Last month, Howard Schmidt, the nation’s cyber czar, offered the Osama government a 4 to make the Web a safer place —a “voluntary identify” system that would be the high-tech 5 of a physical key, fingerprint and a photo ID card, all rolled 6 one. The system might use a smart identity card, or a digital credential 7 to a specific computer, and would authenticate users at a range of online services.The idea is to 8 a federation of private online identify systems. Users could 9 which system to join, and only registered users whose identities have been authenticated could navigate those systems. The approach contrasts with one that would require an Internet driver’s license 10 by the government.Google and Microsoft are among companies that already have sign-on” systems that make it possible for users to 11 just once but use many different services.12 , the approach would create a “walled garden” in safe “neighborhoods” and bright “streetlights” to establish a sense of a 13 community.Mr. Schmidt described it as a “voluntary ecosystem” in which individuals and organizations can complete online transactions with 14 ,trusting the identities of the infrastructure that the transaction runs 15 .'"Still, the administration’s p lan has 16 privacy rights activists. Some applaud the approach; others are concerned. It seems clear that such an initiative push toward what would 17 be a license” mentality.The plan has also been greeted with 18 by some experts, who worry that the “voluntary ecosystem” would still leave much of the Internet 19 .They argue that should be 20 to register and identify themselves, in drivers must be licensed to drive on public roads.1.A.swept B. skipped C. walked D. ridden2.A.for B. within C. while D. though3.A.careless B. lawless C. pointless D. helpless4.A.reason B. reminder C. compromise D. proposalrmation B. interference C. entertainment D. equivalent6.A.by B. into C. from D. over7.A.linked B. directed C. chained D. compared8.A.dismiss B. discover C. create D. improve9.A.recall B. suggest C. select D. realize10.A.released B. issued C. distributed D. delivered11.A.carry on B. linger on C. set in D. log in12.A.In vain B. In effect C. In return D. In contrast13.A.trusted B. modernized C. thriving D. competing14.A.caution B. delight C. confidence D. patience15.A.on B. after C. beyond D. across16.A.divided B. disappointed C. protected D. united17.A.frequently B. incidentally C. occasionally D. eventually18.A.skepticism B. tolerance C. indifference D. enthusiasm19.A.manageable B. defendable C. vulnerable D. invisible20.A.invited B. appointed C. allowed D. forcedSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections：Read the following four passages. Answer the questions below each passage by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1Ruth Simmons joined Goldman Sachs's board as an outside director in January 2000; a year later she became president of Brown University in Rhode Island. For the rest of the decade she apparently juggled both roles (as well as several other directorships) without attracting much criticism. But by the end of 2009 Ms Simmons was under fire from students and alumni for having sat on Goldman's compensation committee; how could she have let those enormous bonus payouts pass unremarked? By February Ms Simmons had left the board. The position was just taking up too much time, she said.Outside directors are supposed to serve as helpful, yet less biased, advisers on a firm's board. Having made their wealth and their reputations elsewhere, they presumably have enough independence to disagree with the chief executive's proposals. Leaders from other fields are frequently in demand: former presidents or Cabinet members, retired CEOs, and yes, university presidents. If the sky, and the share price, is falling, outside directors should be able to give advice based on having weathered their own crises.The researchers used a database that covered more than 10,000 firms and more than 64,000 different directors between 1989 and 2004. Then they simply checked which directors stayed from one proxy statement to the next. The most likely reason for departing a board was age, so the researchers concentrated on those "surprise" disappearances by directors under the age of 70. They found that after a surprise departure, the probability that the company will subsequently have to restate earnings increases by nearly 20%. The likelihood of being named in a federal class-action lawsuit also increases, and the stock is likely to perform worse. The effect tended to be larger for larger firms, although a correlation between them leaving and subsequent bad performance at the firm is suggestive, it does not mean that such directors are always jumping off a sinking ship. Often they "trade up", leaving riskier, smaller firms for larger and more stable firms.But the researchers believe that outside directors have an easier time of avoiding a blow to their reputations if they leave a firm before bad news breaks, even if a review of history shows they were on the board at the time any wrongdoing occurred. Firms who want to keep their outside directors through tough times may have to create incentives, such as increasing pay, says Dr Fahlenbrach. Otherwise outside directors will follow the example of Ms Simmons, once again very popular on campus.21. According to Paragraph 1,Ms Simmons was criticized for .A. gaining excessive profits B .failing to fulfill her dutyC .refusing to make compromises D. leaving the board in tough times22. We learn from Paragraph 2 that outside directors are supposed to be .A. generous investors B .unbiased executivesC .share price forecastersD .independent advisers23. According to the researchers from Ohio University，after an outside director’s Surprise departure ,the fireis likely to .A. become more stableB. report increased earningsC .do less well in the stock market D. perform worse in lawsuits24. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that outside directors .A. may stay for the attractive offers form the firm.B. have often had records of wrongdoings in the firm.C. are accustomed to stress-free work in the firm.D. will decline incentives from the firm.25 The author’s attitude toward the role of outside directors is.A permissiveB positiveC scornfulD criticalText 2Whatever happened to the death of newspapers? A year ago the end seemed near. The recession threatened to remove the advertising and readers that had not already fled to the internet. Newspapers like the San Francisco Chronicle were chronicling their own doom. America’s Federal Trade Commission launched a round of talks about how to save newspapers. Should they become charitable corporations? Should the state subsidize them? It will hold another meeting on June 15th. But the discussions now seem out of date.In much of the world there is little sign of crisis. German and Brazilian papers shrugged off the recession (see article). Even American newspapers, which inhabit the most troubled corner of the global industry, have not only survived but often returned to profit. Not the 20% profit margins that were routine a few years ago, but profit all the same.It has not been much fun. Many papers stayed afloat by pushing journalists overboard. The American Society of News Editors reckons that 13,500 newsroom jobs have gone since 2007. Readers are paying more for slimmer products. Some papers even had the nerve to refuse delivery to distant suburbs. Yet these desperate measures have proved the right ones and, sadly for many journalists, they can be pushed further.Newspapers are becoming more balanced businesses, with a healthier mix of revenues from readers and advertisers. American papers have long been highly unusual in their reliance on ads. Fully 87% of their revenues came from advertising in 2008, according to the OECD. In Japan the proportion is 35%. Not surprisingly, Japanese newspapers are much more stable.The whirlwind that swept through newsrooms harmed everybody, but much of the damage has been concentrated in areas where newspapers are least distinctive. Car and film reviewers have gone. So have science and general business reporters. Foreign bureaus have been savagely pruned. Newspapers are less complete as a result. But completeness is no longer a virtue in the newspaper business. Just look at the fate of Otis Chandler’s creation.26.By saying “Newspapers like ….their own doom”(lines 3-4,para,1) the author indicates that newspapers .A .neglected the sign of crisisB .failed to get state subsidiesC .were not charitable corporationsD .were in a desperate situation27.Some newspapers refused delivery to distant suburbs probably because .A .readers threatened to pay lessB .newspapers wanted to reduce costsC .journalists reported little about these areasD .subscribers complained about slimmer products.pared with their American counterparts, Japanese newspaper are much more stable because they .A .have more sources of revenueB .have more balanced newsroomsC .are less dependant on advertisingD .are less affected by readership29.What can be inferred from the last paragraph about the current newspaper business?A .Distinctiveness is an essential feature of newspapers.B .Completeness is to blame for the failure of newspapers.C .Foreign bureaus play a crucial role in the newspapers business.D .Readers have lost their interest in car and firm30.The most appropriate title for this text would beA .American Newspapers: Struggling for SurvivalB .American Newspapers: Gone with the WindC .American Newspapers: A Thriving BusinessD .American Newspapers: A Hopeless StoryText 3We tend to think of the decades immediately following World War II as a time of prosperity and growth, with soldiers returning home by the millions, going off to college on the G.I. Bill and lining up at the marriage bureaus.But when it came to their houses, it was a time of common sense and a belief that less truly be more. During the Depression and the war, Americans had learned to live with less, and that restraint, in combination with the postwar confidence in the future, made small, efficient housing positively stylish.Economic condition was only a stimulus for the trend toward efficient living. The phrase “less is more” was actually first popularized by a German, the architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, who like other people associated with the Bauhaus, a school of design, emigrated to the United States before World War II and took up posts at American architecture schools. These designers came to exert enormous influence on the course of American architecture, but none more so than Mies.Mies’s signature phrase means that less decoration, properly organized, has more impact than a lot. Elegance, he believed, did not derive from abundance. Like other modern architects, he employed metal, glass and laminated wood — materials that we take for granted today but that in the 1940s symbolized the future. Mies’s sophisticated presentation masked the fact that the spaces he designed were small and efficient, rather than big and often empty.The apartments in the elegant tow ers Mies built on Chicago’s Lake Shore Drive, for example, were smaller-two-bedroom units under 1,000 square feet —than those in their older neighbors along the city’s Gold Coast. But they were popular because of their airy glass walls, the views they afforded and the elegance of the buildings’ details and proportions, the architectural equivalent of the abstract art so popular at the time.The trend toward “less” was not entirely foreign. In the 1930s Frank Lloyd Wright started building more modest and efficient houses — usually around 1,200 square feet — than the spreading two-story ones he had designed in the 1890s and the early 20th century.The “Case Study Houses” commissioned from talented modern architects by California Arts & Architecture magazine b etween 1945 and 1962 were yet another homegrown influence on the “less is more” trend. Aesthetic effect came from the landscape, new materials and forthright detailing. In his Case Study House, Ralph Rapson may have mispredicted just how the mechanical revolution would impact everyday life — few American families acquired helicopters, though most eventually got clothes dryers — but his belief that self-sufficiency was both desirable and inevitable was widely shared.31. The postwar American housing style largely reflected the Americans .A. prosperity an growthB. efficiency and practicalityC. restraint and confidenceD. pride and faithfulness32. Which of the following can be inferred from Paragraph 3 about the Bauhaus?A. It was founded by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe.B. Its designing concept was affected by World War II.C. Most American architects used to be associated with it.D. It had a great influence upon American architecture.33.Mies held that elegance of architectural design .A. was related to large spaceB. was identified with emptinessC. was not reliant on abundant decorationD. was not associated with efficiency34.What is true about the apartments Mies built on Chicago’s Lake Shore Drive?A. They ignored details and proportions.B. They were built with materials popular at that time.C. They were more spacious than neighboring buildings.D. They shared some characteristics of abstract art.35.What can we learn about the design of the “Case Study Houses”?A. Mechanical devices were widely used.B. Natural scenes were taken into consideration.C. Details were sacrificed for the overall effect.D. Eco-friendly materials were employed.Text 4Will the European Union make it? The question would have sounded outlandish not long ago. Now even the project’s greatest cheerleaders talk of a continent facing a “Bermuda triangle” of debt, demographic decline and lower growth.As well as those chronic problems, the EU faces an acute crisis in its economic core, the 16 countries t hat use the single currency. Markets have lost faith that the euro zone’s economies, weaker or stronger, will one day converge thanks to the discipline of sharing a single currency, which denies uncompetitive stragglers the quick fix of devaluation.Yet th e debate about how to save Europe’s single currency from disintegration is stuck. It is stuck because the euro zone’s dominant powers, France and Germany, agree on the need for greater harmonisation within the euro zone, but disagree about what to harmonies.Germany thinks the euro must be saved by stricter rules on borrowing, spending and competitiveness, backed by quasi-automatic sanctions for governments that stray. These might include threats to freeze EU funds for poorer regions and EU mega-projects, a nd even the suspension of a country’s voting rights in EU ministerial councils. It insists that economic co-ordination should involve all 27 members of the EU club, among whom there is a small majority for free-market liberalism and economic rigor; in the inner core alone, Germany fears, a small majority favor French dirigisme.A “southern” camp headed by France wants something different: “European economic government” within an inner core of euro-zone members. Translated, that means politicians meddling in monetary policy and a system of redistribution from richer to poorer members, via cheaper borrowing for governments through common Eurobonds or outright fiscal transfers. Finally, figures close to the French government have murmured, euro-zone members should agree to some fiscal and social harmonization: e.g., curbing competition in corporate-tax rates or labor costs.It is too soon to write off the EU. It remains the world’s largest trading block. At its best, the European project is remarkably liberal: built around a single market of 27 rich and poor countries, its internal borders are far more porous to goods, capital and labor than any comparable trading area. It is an ambitious attempt to blunt the sharpest edges of globalization, and make capitalism benign.36.The EU is faced with to many problems thatA .it has more or less lost faith in marketsB .even its supporters begin to feel concernedC .some of its member countries plan to abandon euroD .it intends to deny the possibility of devaluation37 The debate over the EU’s single currency is stuck because the dominant powersA .are competing for the leading positionB .are busy handling their own crisesC. fail to reach an agreement on harmonizationD .disagree on the steps towards disintegration38 To solve the euro problem ,Germany proposed thatA .EU funds for poor regions be increasedB .stricter regulations be imposedC .only core members be involved in economic co-ordinationD .voting rights of the EU members be guaranteed39 The French proposal of handling the crisis implies thatA. poor countries are more likely to get fundsB .strict monetary policy will be applied to poor countriesC .loans will be readily available to rich countriesD .rich countries will basically control Eurobonds40 Regarding the future of the EU, the author seems to feelA .pessimisticB .desperate C. conceited D. hopefulPart BDirections：You are going to read a list of headings and a text about what parents are supposed to do to guide their children into adulthood. Choose a heading from the list A — G that best fits the meaning of each numbered part of the text （41 — 45）. There are two extra headings that you do not need to use. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. （10 points）Leading doctors today weigh in on the debate over the government's role in promoting public health by demanding that ministers impose "fat taxes" on unhealthy food and introduce cigarette-style warnings to children about the dangers of a poor diet.The demands follow comments last week by the health secretary, Andrew Lansley, who insisted the government could not force people to make healthy choices and promised to free businesses from public health regulations.But senior medical figures want to stop fast-food outlets opening near schools, restrict advertising of products high in fat, salt or sugar, and limit sponsorship of sports events by fast-food producers such as McDonald's.They argue that government action is necessary to curb Britain's addiction to unhealthy food and help halt spiraling rates of obesity, diabetes and heart disease. Professor Terence Stephenson, president of the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, said that the consumption of unhealthy food should be seen to be just as damaging as smoking or binge drinking."Thirty years ago, it would have been inconceivable to have imagined a ban on smoking in the workplace or in pubs, and yet that is what we have now. Are we willing to be just as courageous in respect of obesity? I would suggest that we should be," said the leader of the UK's children's doctors.Lansley has alarmed health campaigners by suggesting he wants industry rather than government to take the lead. He said that manufacturers of crisps and confectionery could play a central role in the Change4Life campaign, the centerpiece of government efforts to boost healthy eating and fitness. He has also criticized the celebrity chef Jamie Oliver's high-profile attempt to improve school lunches in England as an example of how "lecturing" people was not the best way to change their behavior.Stephenson suggested potential restrictions could include banning TV advertisements for foods high in fat, salt or sugar before the 9pm watershed and limiting them on billboards or in cinemas. "If we were really bold, we might even begin to think of high-calorie fast food in the same way as cigarettes –by setting stringent limits on advertising, product placement and sponsorship of sports events," he said.Such a move could affect firms such as McDonald's, which sponsors the youth coaching scheme run by the Football Association. Fast-food chains should also stop offering "inducements" such as toys, cute animals and mobile phone credit to lure young customers, Stephenson said.Professor Dinesh Bhugra, president of the Royal College of Psychiatrists, said: "If children are taught about the impact that food has on their growth, and that some things can harm, at least information is available up front."He also urged councils to impose "fast-food-free zones" around schools and hospitals –areas within which takeaways cannot open.A Department of Health spokesperson said: "We need to create a new vision for public health where all of society works together to get healthy and live longer. This includes creating a new 'responsibility deal' with business, built on social responsibility, not state regulation. Later this year, we will publish a white paper setting out exactly how we will achieve this."The food industry will be alarmed that such senior doctors back such radical moves, especially the call to use some of the tough tactics that have been deployed against smoking over the last decade.A “fat taxes”should be imposed onfast-food producers such asMcDonald’sB the government should banfast-food outlets in the neighborhoodof schools41.Andrew Lansley held that C “lecturing” was an effective wayto improve school lunches inEngland42.Terence Stephenson agreed that D cigarette-style warnings should beintroduced to children about thedangers of a poor diet43.Jamie Oliver seemed to believe that E the producers of crisps and candies could contribute significantly to the Change4Life campaign44.Dinesh Bhugra suggested that F parents should set good examplesfor their children by keeping ahealthy diet at home45.A Department of Health spokesperson proposed that G the government should strengthen the sense of responsibility among businessesSection III TranslationDirections: In this section there is a passage in English. Translate it into Chinese and write your version on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)We would have thought that globally, the IT industry produces about the same volume of greenhouse gases as the world’s airlines do- roughly 2 percent of all CO2 emissions?Many everyday tasks take a surprising toll on the environment Google search an leak between 0.2 and 0.7 grams of CO2,depending on how many attempts are needed to get the "right” answer. To deliver results to its needs quickly, then, Google has to maintain vast data centers around the world, packed with powerful computers. While producing large quantities of CO2,these computers emit a great deal of heat, so the centre need to be well air-confirmed gases even more energy.However, Google and other big tech providers monitor their efficiency quickly and make improvements. Monitoring is the first step on the need to production, but there is much more to be done, and not just by big companies.Section IV WritingPart A47.Directions:Suppose your cousin Li Ming has just been admitted to a university. Write him/her a letter to:(1)congratulate him/her, and(2)give him/her suggestions on how to get prepared for university life.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Zhang Wei" instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B48.Directions:Write a short essay based on the following chart. In your writing, you should:1)interpret the chart and2)give your comments.You should write at least 150 wordsWrite your essay on ANSWER SHEET 2.(15points)2008、2009年国内轿车市场部分品牌份额示意图参考答案及解析完形填空参考答案1~5 ACBDD 6~10 BACCB 11~15 DBACA 16~20 ADACDTEXT 1 参考答案21．A。
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金山区2011年第二学期九年级质量调研考试 英语试卷 （满分 150 完卷时间 100分钟） Part 1 (第一部分 听力) （共30 分） I. Listen and choose the right picture.（根据你听到的内容，选出相应的图片）：(共6分) 1._______ 2._______ 3._______ 4._______ 5._______ 6._______ II. Listen to the dialogue and choose the best answer to the question you hear. (根据你听到的对话和问题，选出最恰当的答案):（共10分） 7. A) Some tea. B) Some juice. C) Some coffee. D) Some milk. 8. A) Jim’s father. B) Jim’s mother. C) Mary. D) Jim. 9. A) Sunny. B) Rainy. C) Windy. D) Snowy. 10. A) On the playground. B) In the hospital. C) In the library. D) At home 11. A) By bus. B) By taxi. C) By underground. D) By bike. 12. A) Mother and son. B) Shop assistant and customer. C) Teacher and student. D) Boss and secretary. 13. A) At 5:00. B) At 4:20. C) At 2:00. D) At 3:00. 14. A) Once a week. B) Twice a week. C) Once a month. D) Twice a month. 15. A) Because she is going to university there. B) Because she misses her friends there. C) Because her father has got a job there. D) Because she can write letters to her friends. 16. A) The test had only two pages. B) The girl completed the exam in one hour. C) The girl worked out the last two problems. D) The exam was difficult for the girl. III. Listen to the passage and tell whether the following statements are true or false (判断下列句子是否符合你听到的短文内容，符合的用“T”表示，不符合的用“F”表示)：（共7分） 17. The man liked to play with the little boy after work every day. 18. One night, he couldn’t have time to play with the little boy because he had some work to do. 19. When the man got home, he got an idea to keep the boy busy and he could do his work. 20. The man found a magazine with a large map of the word on the cover in his dinning-room. 21. He gave the boy all the pieces of the map and asked him to put the map back together. 22. The man was surprised to see that the boy only spent an hour finishing the work. 23. The boy put the map back together quickly according to the picture of a man on the back of the page. IV. Listen to dialogue and complete the following sentences（听对话，完成下列内容，每空格限填一词）：（7分） 24. The Niagara Falls (尼亚加拉瀑布) is on a river that ________two of the five Great Lakes. 25. The Niagara Falls has two parts and they are about ________meters in height. 26. The Niagara Falls has three special falls and the American and Bridal Veil Falls on the America side are the_______. 27. Many people say the falls are even more beautiful in winter when the grounds are covered with snow and the water turns into _______. 28. In order to watch the waters thundering(发出隆隆声) down, most ______go as close to the falls as they can. 29. There is difference ________the two parts of the Falls. 30. The ________Falls gets 90% of the water, while the American Falls gets about 10%.Part2 Vocabulary and Grammar (第二部分 词汇和语法) V. Choose the best answer (选择最恰当的答案) （共26分） 31. A terrible earthquake hit the Pacific Ocean near Northeastern Japan ________the afternoon of March 11, 2011. A) in B)by C) on D)of 32. My uncle bought _________English-Chinese dictionary for me as a gift last Christmas. A) a B)an C)the D)/ 33. Many people enjoyed ________the New Year Gala(晚会)of 2011on TV. A) watch B)to watch C) watched D)watching 34. Tom is very ________his new car, a wonderful Audi A8. His desire to have his own car has come true. A) proud of B)good at C)interested in D)famous for 35. The 30th Olympic Games will_______ in 2012 in London. A) hold B)be held C)be taken D)happen 36. It’s said that________ students took part in the SSP Contest last month. A) thousand B)thousands C)thousand of D)thousands of 37. I’ve already seen that film, so I’d rather _______another one. A) to see B)see C) seeing D)seen 38. Some of us like singing and dancing, ________prefer to go in for sports. A) another B)some others C)other D)others 39. His suggestion _______to be useful though some people didn’t accept it at first. A) turned up B)turned over C)turned on D)turned out 40. The coffee smells so ________.Can I have some, too? A) bad B)nice C)badly D)well 41. ---Judy, here’s a map of that area. I hope it will help you. ----Thank you. It’s _______what I need. A) just B)still C)only D)almost 42. Tom was playing computer games. When his mother came to his room, he ________to