必修三综合习题处理之四(答案解析部分)
外研版(2019)高中英语必修选择性第三册Unit 4 同步练习题(含答案解析)
外研版（2019）高中英语必修选择性第三册Unit 4 同步练习题(限时：65分钟)Ⅰ.完形填空A team of brothers has become the youngest and fastest trio (三人小组) to row across the Atlantic.The brothers __1__ the previous world record by six days, rowing from Spain to the Caribbean.On 12 December last year, the brothers, Jamie, Ewan and Lachlan, __2__ from Spain and completed their 3，000mile ocean crossing after __3__ seasickness and storms.It was really a(n) __4__ job.In the beginning, Jamie and Lachlan, __5__ at a university, desired to make this world record attempt.Then they asked their brother Ewan to __6__ them.Ewan was a design engineer for Dyson in Bristol.Initially he felt __7__，but eventually nodded.27yearold Ewan said, “This was, beyond __8__，one of the most unforgettable experiences of my life.”He continued, “__9__ the whole journey was extremely difficult, we remained positive.”The brothers hope to reach their fundraising goal of￡250，000 for Feedback Madagascar, which __10__ with some of the poor communities in Madagascar to improve their lives.So far ￡112，000 has been __11__ by them.Since villagers in Madagascar lack clean water, they will use the money to build __12__，for the villagers.Ewan told the media that they __13__ did things by halves, so they were always going to go __14__ a World Record.They are __15__ of what they have done.And they will continue to make other ocean record attempts.“Who knows what comes next，”Ewan says.“We'll challenge other oceans after graduation.”1．A.equaled B．beatC.kept D．set2．A.broke away B．let outC．set off D．pulled off3．A.witnessing B．avoidingC.ignoring D．overcoming4．A.demanding B．meaningfulC.interesting D．significant5．A.students B．directorsC.colleagues D．sponsors6．A.forgive B．joinC．entertain D．promote7．A.satisfied B．hesitantC.honored D．embarrassed8．A.price B．beliefC.doubt D．hope9．A.While B．UnlessC.Because D．Since10．A.reasoned B．sharedC.worked D．finished11．A.borrowed B．compensatedC.earned D．collected12．A.wells B．officesC.roads D．parks13．A.even B．alsoC.still D．never14．A.beyond B．forC．without D．besides15．A.careful B．worthyC.nervous D．proudⅡ.语法填空Wu Yu, a nurse in the __1__(three) medical team dispatched to Wuhan from Xiangya Hospital, Hunan, didn't expect her wish would come true so soon.On the eve of International Women's Day, she made a special wish during __2__ oncamera interview __3__ Argentinian superstar footballer Lionel Messi could send her 8-year-old son a jersey.“I believe a jersey from Messi would definitely encourage my boy __4__ (become) a member of the national youth training team，”the mother said.That night, the official Weibo account of Argentina's national football team __5__ (respond): “Hello, nurse mother! After hearing your wish，we are going to send you a No.10 Messi jersey.We hope your son can have a __6__ (bright) future after wearing his idol's shirt！”Coming out of the hospital after a night shift, Wu received the good news the next morning.“I didn't __7__ (real) expect this wish to come true because I just wanted to encourage my son，”she said.One of the __8__ (reason) she had requested to join the fight against coronavirus in Wuhan is that she wanted to set a good example __9__ her son at the age of 8，__10__ (tell) him that no difficulty can stop people from chasing their dreams.III写作强化增分专练第一节假如你是李华，你校将播放一部介绍中西方音乐文化差异的影片，你想邀请在你市学习艺术的好友Jenny前来观看，请给她写一封信，内容包括：1．简要介绍这部影片的内容；2．观看此影片的好处；3．影片播放的时间和地点。
外研版高中英语选择性版必修第三册单元综合检测4答案
单元综合检测(四)123456789101112A B C C B B C B A D C A131415161718192021222324C A B ED B F C A B C D2526272829303132333435A C CB D A A DC C B3641．amazing42．measured43．its44．that45．is第三部分第一节[参考范文]Can you imagine how science and technology will change our life in 2050?With science and technology used in every aspect of life at that time，we'll live in a greener world with trees，birds，flowers，blue skies and sunshine．And we'll be able to arrange things like meals，bathing and sleep with our smartphones．Robots will be able to do most of the housework for us．As for work，we'll mostly work at home，communicating ideas for work online．If necessary，we'll have video meetings with our partners around the world．During our free time，we'll be able to travel to places of interest in new vehicles like flying cars．We'll even enjoy space trips to the moon and other planets．第二节[参考范文]He thought for a moment and realised that they just would not follow a human．He said to himself，“How can I possibly save them？The only way would be for me to become like those swans．If only I could become one of them．Then I could save them．They would follow me and I would lead them to safety．”It was clear that these swans were afraid of human beings and every time he got close to them they would flyaway．He thought he should come up with a good idea．Just then，a good idea occurred to his mind．He thought of his geese he raised on his farm．After all，they were relatives．Maybe they were much easier to get along with．He rushed to his geese and drove them to the front of the barn．Then he went back to his house，observing through the window．The cold soon drove his geese into the barn，followed by the swans，his method worked！The swans were safe now!第一部分第一节【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。
(外研版)高中英语必修第三册Unit4单元测试03含答案解析
加油！有志者事竟成答卷时应注意事项１、拿到试卷，要认真仔细的先填好自己的考生信息。
２、拿到试卷不要提笔就写，先大致的浏览一遍，有多少大题，每个大题里有几个小题，有什么题型，哪些容易，哪些难，做到心里有底；３、审题，每个题目都要多读几遍，不仅要读大题，还要读小题，不放过每一个字，遇到暂时弄不懂题意的题目，手指点读，多读几遍题目，就能理解题意了；容易混乱的地方也应该多读几遍，比如从小到大，从左到右这样的题；４、每个题目做完了以后，把自己的手从试卷上完全移开，好好的看看有没有被自己的手臂挡住而遗漏的题；试卷第１页和第２页上下衔接的地方一定要注意，仔细看看有没有遗漏的小题；５、中途遇到真的解决不了的难题，注意安排好时间，先把后面会做的做完，再来重新读题，结合平时课堂上所学的知识，解答难题；一定要镇定，不能因此慌了手脚，影响下面的答题；６、卷面要清洁，字迹要清工整，非常重要；７、做完的试卷要检查，这样可以发现刚才可能留下的错误或是可以检查是否有漏题，检查的时候，用手指点读题目，不要管自己的答案，重新分析题意，所有计算题重新计算，判断题重新判断，填空题重新填空，之后把检查的结果与先前做的结果进行对比分析。
亲爱的朋友，你们好!经过两个月的学习，你们一定有不小的收获吧，用你的自信和智慧，认真答题，相信你一定会闯关成功。
相信你是最棒的！Unit 4 Amazing art 单元测试一、阅读理解(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)AVenice Film FestivalThe Venice Film Festival takes place every year in late August or early September on the Lido in the historic Palazzo del Cinema, in Venice, Italy. Its main award is the “Leone d’Oro” (Golden Lion). Recently, a new award has been added, the San Marco Award for the best film.Academy AwardsThe Academy Awards are the most prominent (杰出的) film awards in the United States. The awards are granted by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Academy Awards are nicknamed “Oscars”, which is also the nickname of the statuette (小雕像). The name is said to have been born when Margaret Herrick saw the statuette on a table and said, “It looks just like my uncle Oscar!”Berlin International Film FestivalThe Berlin International Film Festival is one of the “A” festivals in Europe. The Berlin International Film Festival, also called the “Berlinale”, is held annually in February and started in 1951 after an initiative of the American, who occupied part of the city after World War Ⅱ. The jury (专家评奖团) always placed special emphasis on representing films from all over the world, from the former Eastern Bloc (集团) Countries as well as from Western countries. The awards are called Golden and Silver Bears (as the bear is the symbol of Berlin).Cannes Film FestivalThe Cannes Film Festival is a famous international film festival. It has been held annually in Cannes, in the south of France, since 1946 with a few exceptions. Given massive media exposure, the Festival is attended by many movie stars and is a popular venue for movie producers to launch their new films and attempt to sell their works to the distributors who come from all over the world. The most famous award given out at Cannes is the “Palmed’Or” (Golden Palm) for the best film; this is sometimes shared by multiple films in one year.( )1. Which award can be shared by multiple films in one year?A. Golden Lion.B. Golden Palm.C. Academy Awards.D. San Marco Award.( )2. Which of the following statements about “Oscars” is NOT true?A. It’s the nickname of Academy Awards.B. It’s also the nickname of the statuette.C. It got its name because Margaret said the statuette looked like his uncle.D. It’s an award in France.( )3. Why are the awards for Berlin International Film Festival called “Golden and Silver Bears”?A. They look like bears.B. They are made up of bear fur.C. The bear is the symbol of Berlin.D. The bear is rare in Berlin.BCharles Bridge is a 14th century stone bridge linking the two sides of Prague. This grand bridge is one of the city’s finest attractions, and is the main route connecting the Old Town with the Lesser Town and Prague Castle.From Charles Bridge visitors enjoy fairytale views of the Prague skyline. The wide river, with beautiful buildings on both sides, flows below it. Prague Castle towers above not far away. Here you are truly in the centre of the city.Charles Bridge is full of people during the day. Street artists paint and musicians play here and there. If you are travelling there, look out for the jazz band, which is especially entertaining. But for a truly romantic and less crowded walk, try the early morning or any time in the evening. There are not so many people in the early morning or in the evening. That way you can take a relaxing walk.King Charles Ⅳ arranged to build the bridge. The foundation stone was laid in 1357. Charles Ⅳ’s favourite architect and builder, Peter Parler, watched over most of the work. The first idea was to build a bridge for knight tournaments (锦标赛), and for many years the only decoration on the bridge was a simple cross. Later, the Catholic desire for beautiful designs resulted in 30 statues (雕塑) being erected between 1,600 and 1,800.There are now 75 statues on Charles Bridge, but most are copies, as floods and other natural disasters over the centuries damaged the original ones. Perhaps the most interesting, as well as the oldest, is that of John of Nepomuk. It is the 8th from the right as you cross towards Prague Castle.The entrance to Charles Bridge is marked at both ends by towers: the Old Town Bridge Tower and the Mala Strana Bridge Tower.( )4. What do we know about Charles Bridge?A. It is not a good place to enjoy the Prague skyline.B. It is the most famous attraction in Prague.C. It was built in the early 14th century.D. It is located in the center of the city.( )5. What does the underlined word “erected” in Paragraph 4 mean?A. Damaged.B. Copied.C. Bought.D. Built.( )6. From Paragraph 5, we know John of Nepomuk is the name of ________.A. Charles Bridge’s builderB. the oldest statue on Charles BridgeC. a tower at the end of Charles BridgeD. a famous building near Charles Bridge( )7. What is this passage mainly about?A. An introduction of Charles Bridge in Prague.B. The builder of Charles Bridge in Prague.C. The history of Charles Bridge in Prague.D. The finest attractions in Prague.CA new program encouraging children ages 9 to 12 to get interested in computers, math and science starts next week at all 36 libraries of the San Diego Public Library.Called “Spring into STEAM”, the program will offer workshops in March, April and May. It begins on March 2.“We know that science education is so important now, and technology is changing so fast,” said Misty Jones, library director. “We see this as a way to bring kids new ideas and help them know more about the world around them.”STEAM stands for science, technology, engineering, art and math, and there will be workshops in each area. This year’s theme (主题) is “Bug Out!” so the science workshop will invite insect (昆虫) experts to explain the survival skills of insects. The engineering workshop will watch bees as builders. For math, the kids will learn spatial geometry (空间几何学) by making 3D paper insects. Kids in other workshops will learn computer coding, create a light using a glass bottle, or build insects using pipe cleaners and LED lights.Jones said she’s also excited about the chance for children to take part in the International Barcode of Life Project, which is trying to create a digital catalog (电子目录) of different kinds of insects on Earth. Kids in San Diego can ask for free insect collection tools at their local libraries beginning on March 2. Insects they collect can then be sent in for DNA identification (鉴定).Jones said it is unusual for every library to start the same program at the same time. “It’s something we’ve been trying to do, and I think it's just the beginning of the chances we will be able to offer,” she said.( )8. What do we know about “Spring into STEAM”?A. It is open to kids of all ages.B. It lasts for at least four months.C. It helps kids learn more about themselves.D. It is held by the San Diego Public Library.( )9. What will kids learn from the engineering workshop this year?A. How LED lights work.B. How bees build their home.C. How to make 3D paper bees.D. How to create a light using a glass bottle.( )10. What will kids do for the International Barcode of Life Project?A. Collect insects.B. Take DNA tests.C. Create a digital catalog.D. Make insect collection tools.( )11. What can we infer from what Jones said in the last paragraph?A. The program will continue.B. The program should last much longer.C. The program will have different themes.D. The program should be held by different libraries.DFirst aid means the aid or the help that can be given to an injured person first, that is, before any other help arrives. Nowadays there is usually a telephone not far away and the first we should do, if a serious accident happens, is to call for an ambulance. Sometimes quick action by us may save someone’s life.Shock. People often suffer from shock after receiving an injury, sometimes even when the injury is a small one. The face turns grey, and the skin becomes damp and cold. They breathe quickly. They should be kept warm. Cover them with a blanket and give them a warm drink.Broken bones. Do not move the patient. Send for an ambulance at once.Bleeding. A little bleeding doesn’t harm. It washes dirt from the wound. But if the bleeding continues, try to stop it by placing a clean cloth firmly over the wound until the bleeding stops or help arrives.Poison. A person who has taken poison should be taken to a hospital at once. With some poisons, sleeping pills, for example, it is a good thing to make the patient throw up by pressing your fingers down his throat.Remember: When an accident happens, send someone to telephone for an ambulance at once. Keep the injured person warm and quiet. Give him plenty of air. Do not let other people crowd around him.( )12. How many common accidents are mentioned in this passage?A. Two.B. Three.C. Four.D. Five.( )13. If someone goes into shock after receiving an injury, you’ll find that ________.A. the face turns greyB. the skin becomes damp and coldC. the patient breathes quicklyD. All of the above.( )14. Which of the following statements is WRONG according to the passage?A. First aid means to give an injured person necessary help at once before the doctor comes.B. If an injured person goes into shock, we must try to keep him or her warm.C. Don’t move the injured person if he has broken his legs.D. When a person has taken poison, we must make him throw up.( )15. The passage mainly tells us ________.A. some advice on how to deal with common accidentsB. some facts about some common accidentsC. some examples of common accidentsD. something we must remember二、阅读七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)Why Is Exercise Cool?Exercise Strengthens MusclesDid you ever do a pushup or swing across the monkey bars at the playground? 16 By using your muscles to do powerful things, you can make them stronger. For older teens and adults, this kind of workout can make muscles bigger, too.17Can you touch your toes easily without yelling ouch? Most kids are pretty flexible, which means that they can bend and stretch their bodies without much trouble. Being flexible is having “full range of motion”, which means you can move your arms and legs freely without feeling tightness or pain.Exercise Keeps the Balance18 Your body needs a certain amount of calories every day just to function, breathe, walk around, and do all the basic stuff. 19 If you're not very active, your body won't need as many calories.Whatever your calorie need is, if you eat enough to meet that need, your body weight will stay the same. If you eat more calories than your body needs, they may be stored as extra fat.Exercise Makes You Feel GoodIt feels good to have a strong, flexible body that can do all the activities you enjoy—like running, jumping, and playing with your friends. It’s also fun to be good at something, like scoring a basket, hitting a home run, or perfecting a dive.But you may not know that exercising can actually put you in a better mood. 20 It's just another reason why exercise is cool!A. So you want to do some aerobic (有氧的) exercise right now.B. Food gives your body fuel in the form of calories, which are a kind of energy.C. When you exercise, your brain releases a chemical, which may make you feel happier.D. Those are exercises that can build strength.E. Exercise Makes You FlexibleF. Exercise Makes Your Heart HappyG. But if you’re active, your body needs an extra measure of calories or energy.三、完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)There’s a tiny town called Waterford in Eastern Ohio. Every other year something very 21 happens there—a custom that turns an entire town into one big 22 . These days, apple butter is still cooked onsite in the 23 method, stirred (搅拌) for hours in huge kettles over open fires.Making apple butter isn’t 24 , but it has to be done right. The fire can’t be too hot, or too cool. You can’tstir too fast, or too slow. And above all, the stir stick can never 25 . It’s all about getting people together.Strangers are welcomed and passersby are waved over to the stir for a 26 .Young, a fifthgrade teacher 27 times when Apple Butter Weekend was just her, hermother, and her grandmother. These days they’ll 28 forty people or more, cooking up100 pints (品脱) at a time. Most gets divided up among the family, but plenty 29 infridges across Waterford and beyond.“We don’t 30 it,” said Young. But, she said, “if you ask, you’re going to get it.”The family has faced many challenges over the years, 31 13 times during the 1960s. But wherever they've lived, her parents always made friends the 32 way they make apple butter: by doing the little things the right way, paying attention at every moment.“They’ve done everything in 33 steps,” Young said. “I always say, my mom and dad have huge ears. They just 34 . They aren't quick to judge, they aren’t quick to decide anything. They’ve made a life of working on 35 .”So Apple Butter Weekend in Waterford isn’t just about the apple butter.( )21. A. special B. serious C. rare D. strict( )22. A. city B. family C. organization D. club( )23. A. typical B. effective C. funny D. traditional ( )24. A. expensive B. complicated C. common D. popular( )25. A. bend B. stop C. fall D. roll( )26. A. taste B. toast C. turn D. dance( )27. A. notices B. expects C. spends D. remembers ( )28. A. choose B. draw C. help D. find( )29. A. runs out B. grows up C. ends up D. breaks down ( )30. A. exchange B. share C. store D. sell( )31. A. abandoning B. failing C. moving D. fighting( )32. A. easy B. smart C. best D. same( )33. A. small B. correct C. similar D. unusual( )34. A. enjoy B. listen C. wait D. play( )35. A. spirits B. manners C. friendships D. feelings四、语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)Recently it has been observed that more and more people are switching to organic vegetables and fruits. They are 36. ________ (nature) and safe for the human body to consume. Organic farming 37. ________ (increase) and evolved in a large way due to this large demand by now. Farmers are getting better at the art of growing organic vegetables and there are many 38. ________ (help) tips that they share with other members of the organic farming circle. If you are a gardener and are 39. ________ (interest) in growing organic vegetables, 40. ________ is wise tobe aware of these tips and choose the best organic garden tip that helps 41. ________ (you) garden to produce healthy and better vegetables.One helpful organic garden tip that 42. ________ (work) well for all farmers is to make your own fertilizer. This is 43. ________ kind of fertilizer made of dry leaves, fruit peelings and kitchen food disposables. These materials are buried underground and kept there 44. ________ some time. With fermentation (发酵) taking place, the soil becomes richer with nutrients. This means you get a fertilizer that does not have chemicals at all. This fertilizer enhances the soil and so the vegetables and fruits are 45. ________ (healthy) and better.五、写作(满分40分)第一节(满分15分)戏曲是中华文明的一个重要组成部分，是我国传统文化的代表之一。
高中语文人教版必修三练习：单元综合测评4 第4单元+Word版含解析.doc
单元综合测评(四) 第四单元(时间：120分钟满分：120分)一、基础巩固(20分)1．下列各句中加点成语的使用，全都不正确的一项是(3分)()【导学号：45412117】①会议开始，小刘被要求首先发言，他没有话说，却又必须发言，只好搜肠．．刮肚．．，讲了五分钟，便草草收场，下台休息去了。
②如今，我们见到很多学生出现成长危机，都是与错误的家庭教育休戚相关．．．．，而他们的父母往往有着高学历、高职位，有的还收入不菲。
③他的父亲从不棍棒相向，而是循循善诱．．．．，用如春风化雨般的话语对他讲述为人之道、做事之理，这奠定了他积极向上的生活态度。
④神舟十一号飞船在太空飞行约30天后，于11月18 日安全返回，这标志着中国距离建成航天大国又近了一步，真是大快人心．．．．。
⑤射击比赛开始，小刘第一个上场，他趴在那里，目不交睫．．．．地盯着靶子，不慌不忙，一勾扳机，“叭”的一声，打出了九环的好成绩。
⑥艰苦创业时往往能够筚路蓝缕、克勤克俭；一旦天下无事，承平日久，往往就会疏于律己，不再朝乾夕惕．．．．，而是用暮气取代朝气。
A．①③⑥B．①②⑤C．③④⑥D．②④⑤D[①搜肠刮肚：形容费尽心思。
②休戚相关：指忧喜、祸福彼此相关联。
而本句讲的是因果关系，不是忧喜与祸福，应改为“密切相关”。
③循循善诱：指善于有步骤地引导别人进行学习。
使用正确。
④大快人心：指坏人坏事受到惩罚或打击，使大家非常痛快。
本句所言不是坏人坏事受到惩罚和打击，所以使用错误。
⑤目不交睫：没有合上眼皮。
形容夜间不睡觉或睡不着觉。
“盯着耙子”与睡觉无关。
⑥朝乾夕惕：乾，勉力，即自强不息；惕，小心谨慎。
形容一天到晚勤奋谨慎，没有一点疏忽懈怠。
使用正确。
]2．下列各句中，没有语病的一句是(3分)()【导学号：45412118】A．福建计划实现全省自考考籍的电子化管理，同时加强网站建设，为自学考试者提供方便简捷的“一站式”信息服务。
B．国家语委和央视联合推出《汉字听写大会》《成语大会》等系列节目，展现了中国语言文字的独特魅力，为增强文化自信做出了引领和示范。
高中历史(新人教版)选择性必修三课后习题：第四单元综合测评(课后习题)【含答案及解析】
第四单元综合测评(时间:45分钟分值:100分)一、选择题(本题共15小题,每小题4分,共60分)1.据史料记载,汉武帝时汉使已率领官方船队,携带黄金、丝绸等物品,从番禺(即今广州)出发到达了东南亚等地;公元前1世纪,外国的香料、金银器、奇珍异宝等亦从海路运抵番禺。
据此可知,当时的广州()A.率先开辟海上丝绸之路B.造船技术极其高超C.已经成为南方经济中心D.贸易地位十分重要,当时广州在对外贸易中充当着转运枢纽的作用,体现了其地位的重要性,故选D项。
广州在西汉时期是联系中外的枢纽,不能说其率先开辟了海上丝绸之路,排除A项;材料并无造船技术高超的相关信息,排除B项;材料不能说明广州已成为南方经济中心,排除C项。
2.《旧唐书》称:“大抵《散乐》杂戏多幻术,幻术皆出西域,天竺尤甚。
”据此可知,唐朝时()A.流行西方古典主义音乐B.丝绸之路促进文化交流C.强化对新疆地区的管理D.中印文化交流空前繁荣,旧唐书关于《散乐》杂戏的记载中阐明了幻术的来源,实质上体现了中外文化通过丝绸之路得以交流,故B项正确;西方古典主义音乐产生于近代,排除A项;题干未涉及对新疆地区的管理,排除C项;题干关于幻术的记载不能反映中印文化交流空前繁荣,D项排除。
3.有学者认为,“张骞在公元前127年之发现西域,其对于当时中国人的刺激,就正像后来1492年哥伦布发现美洲对于欧洲人的刺激是一样的。
”这一观点说明()A.当时中国商品经济高度发达B.欧洲和中亚各国普遍希望与中国广泛交流C.张骞通西域加强了人们对外部世界的关注D.张骞通西域刺激了欧洲人开辟新航路的活动,密切了世界各地的联系,张骞出使西域也扩大了中国人的视野,加强了人们对外部世界的关注,故C项正确;汉朝时商品经济并不发达,故A项错误;材料没有体现欧洲和中亚各国普遍希望与中国广泛交流,故B项错误;张骞通西域与欧洲人开辟新航路的活动没有直接联系,这也不是材料要说明的内容,故D项错误。
高中英语新人教版)选择性必修三课后习题：UNIT 4 Section D(课后习题)【含答案及解析】
UNIT 4ADVERSITY AND COURAGE Section D Using Language(Ⅱ)&Assessing YourProgress必备知识基础练Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.Consequently,some viewers began to turn away cinemas,leading to a slower growth.2.The value and impact of (motive) goes beyond our social circle and existence.3.Though some of the questions seem unfamiliar to me,they are easy (answer).4.Alone in a strange city,without friends and money,he fell despair.5.It is very pleasant for him to travel and to try out and explore is new.Ⅱ.短语填空1.He had to learn how to to live through the cold night.2.In view of these factors,you’d better finish your teaching tasks time.3.She tried to the disappointed child when he failed to win the prize.4.Can you lend me 10 dollars?I will the money to you on Friday.5.In order to be more competitive,Peter decided to a computer class.Ⅲ.完成句子1.要是我有足够的钱,我就把她送到那个国家深造了。
鲁科版高中物理必修第三册第4章综合测试试卷含答-案答案在前
第4章综合测试答案解析一、1.【答案】D【解析】有电动机的家用电器、在潮湿环境中使用的电器、具有金属外壳的电器和其他规定使用接地的家用电器必须做好接地保护，否则外壳容易带电，多个电器接在同一插座上，当同时开启这些电器时，会造成瞬间电流很大，电压下降，影响电器正常工作，甚至因插座连接线超负荷而发热引起火灾。
用电器插头如果破损，人体接触到破损部位容易造成触电事故，破损处容易造成短路事故。
2.【答案】C【解析】选项A，电压表测的是外电路两端的电压，不等于电动势；选项B，测量的偶然误差很大；选项C，画出U－I 图象，这七组数据对应的点不一定都在一条直线上，作U－I 图象时，舍去误差较大的点，故由图象法求E、r 可减小偶然误差，故正确操作应为C。
3.【答案】BR R【解析】电压表与电阻R1 并联时，并联电阻为：R= 1V并①R+R1 VR U串联电路中电压分配与电阻成正比，故：= 1并②R U−U2 1其中R1 =4R、R=R，联立①②解得：R=12R；2 2vR R12当电压表与电阻R2 并联时，并联电阻为：'并 2 ，R V R==R+R72 V，R U−U串联电路中电压分配与电阻成正比，故 1 = 2R' U并 2解得： 2 3 VU=。
4.【答案】B【解析】如图所示的电路，三只相同的灯泡L1、L2、L3，当滑动变阻器的滑动触头向b 端移动时L1、L2 变亮，L3 变暗，故答案选B。
5.【答案】B高中物理必修第三册1/ 5【解析】当整个电路的电阻最小时，电路中干路电流最大，电源的内电阻消耗功率最大。
当两电阻并联时，总电阻最小，因此B 选项正确。
6.【答案】B【解析】当减小R 的阻值时，电路中的总电阻R总将减小，由闭合电路欧姆定律可知，电路中的总电流增大，故电流表的示数增大，A 错误；由闭合电路欧姆定律可知电阻R2 两端的电压增大，C 错误；因为内电压增大，故路端电压减小，因此电压表的示数减小，B 正确，D 错误。
新教材粤教版高中物理必修第三册全册各章综合测验(精选配套习题,含解析)
粤教版必修第三册各章综合测验第一章静电场的描述...................................................................................................... - 1 -第二章静电场的应用...................................................................................................... - 9 -第三章恒定电流............................................................................................................ - 20 -第四、五章综合测验.................................................................................................... - 29 -第六章电磁现象与电磁波............................................................................................ - 39 -第一章静电场的描述(时间：60分钟分值：100分)一、单项选择题(本题共8小题，每题4分，共32分．每小题中只有一个选项是正确的，选对得4分，错选、不选或多选均不得分．)1．关于点电荷、元电荷、检验电荷，下列说法正确的是()A．元电荷实际上是指电子和质子本身B．点电荷所带电荷量一定很小C．点电荷、元电荷、检验电荷是同一种物理模型D．点电荷所带电荷量一定是元电荷电荷量的整数倍解析：元电荷是指一个电子或质子所带的电荷量，并不是指电子或质子本身，选项A错误；在条件满足的情况下点电荷可以代替任何带电体，故点电荷所带电荷量不一定少，选项B错误；点电荷是理想化模型，元电荷是最小电荷单位，检验电荷是指电荷量很小的电荷，故选项C错误；任何带电体所带电荷量都是元电荷电荷量的整数倍，选项D正确．答案：D2．使两个完全相同的金属小球(均可视为点电荷)分别带上－3Q和＋5Q的电荷后，将它们固定在相距为a的两点，它们之间库仑力的大小为F1.现用绝缘工具使两小球相互接触后，再将它们固定在相距为2a的两点，它们之间库仑力的大小为F2，则F1与F2之比为()A．2∶1B．4∶1C．16∶1 D．60∶1解析：两个完全相同的金属小球相互接触后，带电荷量均为＋Q，距离变为原来的两倍，根据库仑定律可知选项D 正确．答案：D3.如图所示，B 为线段AC 的中点，如果在A 处放一个＋Q 的点电荷，测得B 处的场强E B ＝48 N/C ，则( )A ．E C ＝24 N/CB ．EC ＝12 N/CC ．若要使E B ＝0，可在C 处放一个－Q 的点电荷D ．把q ＝10－9 C 的点电荷放在C 点，则其所受电场力的大小为6×10－9 N 解析：由真空中点电荷的场强公式E ＝kQ r 2知A 错误，B 正确；根据场强的叠加及点电荷产生的场强方向知，应在C 处放一等量同种电荷，C 错误；F ＝qE C ＝1.2×10－8 N ，D 错误．答案：B 4．下列选项中的各14圆环大小相同，所带的电荷量已在图中标出，且电荷均匀分布，各14圆环间彼此绝缘．坐标原点处电场强度最大的是( )A BC D解析：将圆环上分布的电荷模拟成点电荷模型思考，利用点电荷的电场强度表达式将各处电荷在O 点的电场强度合成进行分析．由E ＝k Q r 2和电荷的对称分布就可知道B 图电场强度最大，选项B 正确．答案：B5．在静电场中，将一个电子由a 点移到b 点，克服电场力做功8 J ，下列说法正确的是( )A ．a 、b 两点电势差U ab ＝8 VB ．电子的电势能减少了8 JC ．电场强度的方向一定由a 指向bD ．因零电势点未确定，故a 、b 两点间的电势差无法确定解析：a 、b 两点电势差U ab ＝W q ＝－8 J －e＝8 V ，故A 正确；电子由a 点移到b 点，克服电场力做功8 J ，电子的电势能就增加了8 J ，故B 错误；电子由a 点移到b 点，但电场强度的方向不一定由a 指向b ，故C 错误；电势是相对的，但是电势差与零电势点的选择无关，故D 错误．答案：A6.如图所示，在电场强度E ＝2 000 V/m 的匀强电场中，有三点A 、M 和B ，AM ＝4 cm ，MB ＝3 cm ，AB ＝5 cm ，且AM 边平行于电场线，把一电荷量q ＝2×10－9 C 的正电荷从B 移到M 点，再从M 点移到A 点，电场力做功为( )A ．0.16×10－6 JB ．0.12×10－6 JC ．－0.16×10－6 JD ．－0.12×10－6 J解析：因为W BA ＝W MA ＝－qEd AM ，所以W BA ＝－1.6×10－7 J ＝－0.16×10－6 J. 答案：C7.某匀强电场的等势面示意图如图所示，每两个相邻等势面相距2 cm ，由此可以确定电场强度的方向和数值是( )A ．竖直向下，E ＝100 V/mB ．水平向左，E ＝100 V/mC ．水平向左，E ＝200 V/mD ．水平向右，E ＝200 V/m解析：电场强度E ＝U d ＝100 V/m ，电场强度的方向指向电势降落的方向，即水平向左，选项B 正确．答案：B8.如图所示，A 、B 、C 三点都在匀强电场中，已知AC ⊥BC ，∠ABC ＝53°，BC ＝20 cm.把q ＝10－5 C 的正电荷从A 移到B ，静电力做功为零；从B 移到C ，静电力做功为－1.6×10－3 J ，则该匀强电场的场强大小和方向是( )A ．800 V/m ，垂直AC 向左B ．800 V/m ，垂直AC 向右C ．1 000 V/m ，垂直AB 斜向上D ．1 000 V/m ，垂直AB 斜向下解析：正电荷从A 移到B ，静电力做功为零，AB 为等势面，而U BC ＝W BC q ＝－160 V ，电场方向垂直AB 斜向下，电场强度E ＝|U BC |BC ·sin 53 °＝1 000 V/m, 选项D 正确．答案：D二、多项选择题(本题共4小题，每题4分，共16分．每小题有多个选项是正确的，全选对得4分，少选得2分，选错、多选或不选均不得分．)9.如图所示，实线为一正点电荷的电场线，虚线为其等势面．A 、B 是同一等势面上的两点，C 为另一等势面上的一点，下列判断正确的是( )A ．A 点场强等于B 点场强B ．C 点电势低于B 点电势C．将电子从A点移到B点，电场力不做功D．将质子从A点移到C点，其电势能增加解析：A、B两点场强大小相等，方向不同，A错误；A、B电势相等，均高于C点电势，B正确；A、B在同一等势面上，将电子从A点移到B点，电势能不变，电场力不做功，C正确；由于φA＞φC，质子带正电，故由A点到C点，质子的电势能减少，D错误．答案：BC10．带电粒子m只在静电力作用下由P点运动到Q点，在此过程中克服静电力做了2.6×10－8 J的功，则()A．m在P点的电势能一定小于它在Q点的电势能B．P点的场强一定小于Q点的场强C．P点的电势一定高于Q点的电势D．m在P点的动能一定大于它在Q点的动能解析：带电粒子由P点运动到Q点，克服静电力做功，即静电力做负功，所以电势能增加，再由动能定理，可知动能减少．由于条件不足，不能确定电势和场强的大小关系，因此选项A、D正确．答案：AD11．如图所示，虚线是某一静电场的一簇等势线及其电势值，一带电粒子只在电场力的作用下飞经该电场时，恰能沿图中的实线从A点飞到B点，则下列判断正确的是()A．该粒子带正电B．A点的场强大于B点的场强C．粒子在A点的电势能大于在B点的电势能D．粒子在A点的动能小于在B点的动能解析：电场线与等势线垂直，且从高电势指向低电势，所以电场线的大体方向向左．由运动轨迹可知带电粒子所受电场力方向大体向左，故粒子带正电，A 正确；根据等势面的疏密可知E A＞E B，B正确；运动中电场力做负功，粒子的电势能增加，C错误；根据动能定理，粒子在A点动能较大，D错误．答案：AB12.如图所示，在场强大小为E的匀强电场中，一根不可伸长的绝缘细线一端拴一个质量为m、电荷量为q的带负电的小球，另一端固定在O点；把小球拉到使细线水平的位置A，然后将小球由静止释放，小球沿弧线运动到细线与水平成θ＝60°的位置B时速度为零．以下说法正确的是()A．小球重力与电场力的关系是Eq＝mgB．小球重力与电场力的关系是Eq＝3mgC．球在B点时，细线拉力为T＝3mgD．球在B点时，细线拉力为T＝233mg解析：根据动能定理，得mgL sin θ－qEL(1－cos θ)＝0，解得qE＝3mg，故A错误，B正确；小球到达B点时速度为零，则沿细线方向合力为零，此时对小球受力分析，可知T＝qE cos 60°＋mg sin 60°，故细线拉力T＝3mg，故C正确，D错误．答案：BC三、非选择题(共6小题，共52分．)13.(4分)如图所示，把电荷量为－5×10－9 C的电荷，从电场中的A点移到B 点，其电势能__________(选填“增大”“减小”或“不变”)；若A点的电势φA＝15 V，B点的电势φB＝10 V，则此过程中电场力做的功为__________．解析：电荷由A点移到B点，电场力做负功，故电势能增大. 由电场力做功与电势能变化的关系知，电场力做的功为W AB ＝E p A －E p B ＝qφA －qφB ＝q (φA －φB )＝(－5×10－9)×(15－10) J ＝－2.5×10－8 J.答案：增大 －2.5×10－8 J14．(8分)有两个完全相同的带电金属小球A 、B ，分别带有电荷量Q A ＝6.4×10－9 C 和Q B ＝－3.2×10－9 C ，让两金属小球接触，请问在接触过程中，电子如何转移并转移了多少？解析：当两个小球接触时，带电荷量少的负电荷先被中和，剩余的正电荷再重新分配．由于两小球相同，剩余正电荷必均分，即接触后两小球带电荷量Q ′A ＝Q ′B ＝Q A ＋Q B 2＝6.4×10－9－3.2×10－92 C ＝1.6×10－9 C ．在接触过程中，电子由B 球转移到A 球，不仅将自身电荷中和，而且继续转移，使B 球带Q ′B 的正电，这样，共转移的电子电荷量为ΔQ ＝－Q B ＋Q ′B ＝(3.2×10－9＋1.6×10－9) C ＝4.8×10－9 C ，转移电子数n ＝ΔQ e ＝4.8×10－9 C 1.6×10－19 C＝3.0×1010 (个)． 答案：电子由B 球转移到A 球，转移了3.0×1010个电子．15.(10分)如图所示，匀强电场中A 、B 、C 三点构成一个直角三角形，把电荷量q ＝－2×10－10 C 的点电荷由A 点移动到B 点，静电力做功4.8×10－8 J ，再由B 点移动到C 点，电荷克服静电力做功4.8×10－8 J ，取B 点的电势为零，求A 、C 两点的电势及场强的方向．解析：把电荷从A 点移到B 点，由U AB ＝W AB q 得U AB ＝4.8×10－8－2×10－10V ＝－240 V , 所以φA ＝U AB ＋φB ＝－240 V ；把电荷从B 点移到C 点，U BC ＝W BC q ＝－4.8×10－8－2×10－10 V ＝240 V ，所以φC ＝φB －U BC ＝－240 V ．因为φA ＝φC ，所以A 、C 在同一等势面上，根据场强方向垂直等势面且由电势高处指向电势低处，可以得知场强方向垂直AC 斜向上．答案：－240 V －240 V 垂直AC 斜向上16.(10分)如图所示，匀强电场的电场强度沿水平方向，现有质量为m 、带电量为＋q的一个带电小球，以速度v0沿向右偏上30°的方向进入该电场，该小球恰好做直线运动，求：(1)该电场的场强大小及方向；(2)小球进入电场后在入射方向上的最大位移．解析：(1)小球做直线运动，合力方向与速度方向在同一条直线上，则电场力的方向水平向左，可知电场强度的方向水平向左．对小球的受力分析如图所示，根据qE＝mg tan 60 °得，电场强度E＝3mgq，方向为水平向左．(2)小球所受的合力F合＝2mg，则小球做匀减速运动的加速度大小a＝2g，小球进入电场后在入射方向上的最大位移x＝v202a＝v204g.答案：(1)3mgq方向水平向左(2)v204g17.(10分)如图所示，水平光滑的绝缘细管中，两相同的带电金属小球相向运动，当相距L时，加速度大小均为a，已知A球带电荷量为＋q，B球带电荷量为－3q.当两球相碰后再次相距为L时，两球加速度大小为多大？解析：设两球的质量均为m，开始两球相距L时，库仑力大小为：F＝kq·3qL2＝3kq2L2，则a＝Fm＝3kq2mL2，①相碰后两球电荷量先中和，后平分，所以带电荷量均为－q，两球再次相距为L时，库仑力F′＝kq2L2，则两球加速度均为a′＝F′m＝kq2mL2，②由①②式得a′＝1 3a.答案：1 3a18.(10分)如图所示，在水平放置的两个平行金属板之间的匀强电场沿竖直方向，电场中A、B两点之间的连线与竖直方向的夹角为60°.把带电荷量为q＝－1.5×10－8 C的点电荷由A点移到B点，克服电场力做了4.2×10－5 J的功．(1)若已知A点电势φA＝800 V，x AB＝1 cm，求B点电势；(2)求电场强度的大小和方向．解析：(1)A、B两点的电势差为U AB＝W ABq＝－4.2×10－5－1.5×10－8V＝2 800 V，设B点的电势为φB，根据U AB＝φA－φB，得φB＝φA－U AB＝800 V－2 800 V＝－2 000 V.(2)电场强度为E＝U ABd＝U ABx AB cos 60°＝2 8001×10－2×0.5V/m＝5.6×105 V/m，方向为竖直向下．答案：(1)－2 000 V(2)5.6×105 V/m竖直向下第二章静电场的应用(时间：60分钟分值：100分)一、单项选择题(本题共8小题，每题4分，共32分．每小题中只有一个选项是正确的，选对得4分，错选、不选或多选均不得分．)1．用6 V干电池对一个电容器充电时()A．只要电路不断开，电容器的带电量就会不断增加B．电容器接电源正极的极板带正电，接电源负极的极板带负电C．电容器两极板所带电量之和叫作电容器的带电量D．充电后电容器两极板之间不存在电场解析：当电容器两极板的电势差为6 V时，电荷量不会再增加，A错误；跟电源正极相连的极板带正电，跟负极相连的极板带负电，B正确；电容器任一极板所带的电量叫电容器的带电量，C错误；充电后电容器两极板之间存在匀强电场，D错误．答案：B2．下列防雷措施可行的是()①在大树下避雷雨；②停留在山顶、山脊的凉亭等地方避雷雨；③不要快速开摩托车、骑自行车或在雨中狂奔；④在空旷地带，最好关掉手机电源．A．①③B．②③C．①④D．③④解析：表面具有突出尖端的导体，在尖端部分电荷分布密度很大，使得其周围电场很强，就可能使其周围的空气发生电离而引发尖端放电，因此不要在大树下避雨，别停留在山顶、山脊的凉亭等地方．快速开摩托车、骑自行车或在雨中狂奔，身体的跨步越大，电压就越大，雷电也越容易伤人．在空旷地带使用手机通话，手机很有可能成为闪电放电的对象．答案：D3．下列关于实验中使用静电计的说法正确的是()A．使用静电计的目的是观察电容器电压的变化情况B．使用静电计的目的是测量电容器带电荷量的变化情况C．静电计可以用电压表替代D．静电计可以用电流表替代解析：静电计是用来观察电容器两端电压变化情况的仪器，不可以用电压表替代，也不可以用电流表替代，因为电流表和电压表在电路是通路时才有示数．答案：A4.研究与平行板电容器电容有关因素的实验装置如图所示．下列说法正确的是()A．实验前，只用带电玻璃棒与电容器a板接触，能使电容器带电B．实验中，只将电容器b板向上平移，静电计指针的张角变小C．实验中，只在极板间插入有机玻璃板，静电计指针的张角变大D．实验中，只增加极板带电量，静电计指针的张角变大，表明电容增大解析：带电玻璃棒接触a板，a板会带上同种电荷，同时b板上会感应出异种电荷，故A正确；静电计指针张角反映电容器两板间电压，将b板上移，正对面积S减小，电容C减小，板间电压U增大，故指针张角变大．B错误；插入有机玻璃板，相对介电常数εr增大，电容C增大，板间电压U减小，指针张角变小，C错误；只增加极板带电量Q，板间电压U增大，但电容保持不变，故D错误．答案：A5．如图为一只“极距变化型电容式传感器”的部分构件示意图．当动极板和定极板之间的距离d变化时，电容C便发生变化，通过测量电容C的变化就可知道两极板之间距离d的变化情况．下列选项中能正确反映C与d之间变化规律的是()A BC D解析：由平行板电容器电容的决定式C＝εr S4πkd可知，电容C与板极之间距离d成反比，在第一象限反比例函数图像是双曲线的一支，选项A正确．答案：A6.如图所示，在某一真空中，只有水平向右的匀强电场和竖直向下的重力场，在竖直平面内有一初速度为v0的带电微粒，恰能沿图示虚线由A向B做直线运动，那么()A．微粒带正、负电荷都有可能B．微粒做匀减速直线运动C．微粒做匀速直线运动D．微粒做匀加速直线运动解析：微粒做直线运动的条件是速度方向和合外力的方向在同一条直线上，只有微粒受到水平向左的静电力才能使得合力的方向与速度方向相反且在同一条直线上，由此可知微粒所受的静电力的方向与场强方向相反，则微粒必带负电，且运动过程中微粒做匀减速直线运动，故选项B正确．答案：B7.如图所示，一个平行板电容器充电后与电源断开，从负极板处释放一个电子(不计重力)，设其到达正极板时的速度为v1，加速度为a1若将两极板间的距离增大为原来的2倍，再从负极板处释放一个电子，设其到达正极板时的速度为v2，加速度为a2，则()A．a1∶a2＝1∶1，v1∶v2＝1∶2B．a1∶a2＝2∶1，v1∶v2＝1∶2C．a1∶a2＝2∶1，v1∶v2＝2∶1D．a1∶a2＝1∶1，v1∶v2＝1∶ 2解析： 电容器充电后与电源断开，再增大两极板间的距离时，场强不变，电子在电场中受到的静电力不变，故a 1∶a 2＝1∶1.由动能定理Ue ＝12m v 2得v ＝2Uem ，因两极板间距离增大为原来的2倍，由U ＝Ed 知，电势差U 增大为原来的2倍，故v 1∶v 2＝1∶ 2.答案：D8.如图所示，场强大小为E 、方向竖直向下的匀强电场中有一矩形区域abcd ，水平边ab 长为s ，竖直边ad 长为h .质量均为m 、带电量分别为＋q 和－q 的两粒子，由a 、c 两点先后沿ab 和cd 方向以速率v 0进入矩形区(两粒子不同时出现在电场中)．不计重力，若两粒子轨迹恰好相切，则v 0等于( )A.s 2 2qE mhB.s 2 qE mhC.s 42qE mhD.s 2qE mh解析：带电粒子在电场中做类平抛运动，根据平抛运动的规律解决问题．根据对称性，两粒子轨迹的切点位于矩形区域abcd 的中心．则在水平方向有12s ＝v 0t ，在竖直方向有12h ＝12·qE m ·t 2，解得v 0＝s 2 qEmh ，故选项B 正确，选项A 、C 、D 错误．答案：B二、多项选择题(本题共4小题，每题4分，共16分．每小题有多个选项是正确的，全选对得4分，少选得2分，选错、多选或不选均不得分．)9.传感器是把非电学量(如高度、温度、压力等)的变化转换成电学量(如电压、电流、电容等)变化的一种元件，它在自动控制中有着广泛的应用．如图是一种测定液面高度的电容式传感器的示意图．金属棒与导电液体构成一个电容器，将金属棒和导电液体分别与直流电源的两极相连接，从电容C 和导电液体与金属棒间的电压U 的变化就能反映液面的升降情况，即( )A．电源接通，若此后电容C减小，反映h减小B．电源接通，若此后电容C减小，反映h增大C．电源接通再断开，若此后电压U减小，反映h减小D．电源接通再断开，若此后电压U减小，反映h增大解析：电源接通，由C＝εr S4kπd，若电容C减小，则S减小，即h减小，选项A正确；电源接通再断开，Q一定，由C＝εr S4kπd和U＝QC知，电压U减小，则电容C增大，正对面积S增大，h增大，选项D正确．答案：AD10．如图是某种静电矿料分选器的原理示意图，带电矿粉经漏斗落入水平匀强电场后，分落在收集板中央的两侧．对矿粉分离的过程，下列表述正确的有()A．带正电的矿粉落在右侧B．电场力对矿粉做正功C．带负电的矿粉电势能变大D．带正电的矿粉电势能变小解析：由题图可知，电场方向水平向左，带正电的矿粉所受电场力方向与电场方向相同，所以落在左侧；带负电的矿粉所受电场力方向与电场方向相反，所以落在右侧，选项A错误．无论矿粉所带电性如何，矿粉均向所受电场力方向偏转，电场力均做正功，电势能均减少，选项C错误，选项B、D正确．答案：BD11.如图所示，平行板电容器竖直放置，A板上用绝缘线悬挂一带电小球，静止时，绝缘线与固定的A 板成θ角，平移B 板，下列说法正确的是( )A ．S 闭合，B 板向上平移一小段距离，θ角变大 B ．S 闭合，B 板向左平移一小段距离，θ角变大C ．S 断开，B 板向上平移一小段距离，θ角变大D ．S 断开，B 板向左平移一小段距离，θ角不变解析：分析小球受力，由平衡条件可知tan θ＝qEmg ，则场强E 增大时，θ变大，E 减小时，θ变小．当S 闭合时，电容器两极板间电压不变，由E ＝Ud 知此时E 取决于板间距离d ，故B 板上移时，d 不变，E 不变，θ不变，A 错误；B 板左移时，d 减小，E 增大，θ变大，B 正确；当S 断开时，电容器所带电荷量不变，由E ＝Ud ，U ＝Q C ，C ＝εr S 4πkd 三式可得E ＝4πkQεrS ，即此种情况下E 取决于正对面积S ，而与板间距离无关，B 上移时，正对面积减小，E 增大，θ变大，C 正确；B 左移时，d 减小，E 不变，θ不变，D 正确．答案：BCD12.如图所示，两平行金属板间有一匀强电场，板长为L ，两板间的距离为d ，在距极板右端L 处有一竖直放置的屏M ，一个带电荷量为q 、质量为m 的质点从两极板中央射入板间，最后垂直打在M 屏上，则( )A ．极板间的电场强度大小为mgq B ．极板间的电场强度大小为2mgqC ．质点在极板间运动的时间等于质点从极板右端运动到M 屏的时间D ．质点在极板间运动的时间大于质点从极板右端运动到M 屏的时间 解析：由运动的独立性可知，质点在沿平行极板方向做匀速直线运动，选项C正确；由粒子垂直打在M屏上可知Eq－mg＝mg，故E＝2mgq，选项B正确．答案：BC三、非选择题(共6小题，共52分．)13．(6分)在“用传感器观察电容器的充电和放电”实验中，电路图如图甲所示．一位同学使用的电源电压为8.0 V，测得放电的I-t图像如图乙所示．(1)若按“四舍五入”法，根据“I-t图像与两坐标轴包围面积”，试计算电容器全部放电过程的放电量为________________．(2)根据以上数据估算电容器的电容值为__________________．解析：(1)根据“四舍五入”的原则，图线与坐标轴所围成的面积为42～44个小格，每个小格表示的电荷量为0.08×10－3 C，故电容器的总放电量为3.36×10－3～3.52×10－3 C.(2)由C＝QU得，电容为0.42×10－3～0.44×10－3 F.答案：(1)3.36×10－3～3.52×10－3 C(2)0.42×10－3～0.44×10－3 F14．(5分)如图所示实验装置可用来探究影响平行板电容器电容的因素．其中电容器的左侧极板与电源负极相连并接地；右侧极板与电源正极相连并连接静电计金属球，静电计外壳接地；一带正电小球悬挂与两极板之间．(1)该实验中，静电计的作用是测量电容器的______________(选填“电容”“电压”或“电荷量”)．(2)若电容器充满电后，保持电源与电容器连接，减小极板间的距离，可观察到：小球的偏转角度________________，静电计指针偏转角度__________(均选填“变大”“变小”或“不变”)．(3)若电容充满电后，断开电源与电容连接，上移左极板．可观察到，小球的偏转角度__________，静电计指针偏转角___________ (均选填“变大”“变小”或“不变”)．解析：(1)该实验中，静电计的作用是测量电容器的电压．(2)若电容器充满电后，保持电源与电容器连接，则U不变；减小极板间的距离d，则E＝Ud可知，场强E变大，则小球的偏转角度变大；因U不变，则静电计指针偏转角度不变．(3)若电容器充满电后，断开电源与电容连接，则Q不变；上移左极板，则S减小，根据C＝εr S4πkd可知C减小，根据Q＝CU可知U变大，则静电计指针偏转角变大；根据E＝Ud可知，场强E变大，小球的偏转角度变大．答案：(1)电压(2)变大不变(3)变大变大15.(8分)如图所示，一平行板电容器接在U＝12 V的直流电源上，电容C＝3.0×10－10 F，两极板间距离d＝1.20×10－3 m，g取10 m/s2.(1)求该电容器所带电荷量；(2)若板间有一带电微粒，其质量为m＝2.0×10－3 kg，恰在板间处于静止状态，则微粒带电荷量多少？带何种电荷？解析：(1)由公式C＝QU得Q＝CU＝3×10－10×12 C＝3.6×10－9 C.(2)若带电微粒恰在极板间静止，则qE＝mg，而E＝Ud解得q＝mgdU＝2.0×10－3×10×1.20×10－312C＝2×10－6 C，带负电荷．答案：(1)3.6×10－9 C(2)2×10－6 C带负电荷16.(8分)如图所示，A、B为两块足够大的平行金属板，两板间距离为d，接在电压为U的电源上．在A板的中央P点处放置一个电子放射源，可以向各个方向释放电子．设电子的质量为m、电荷量为e，射出的初速度为v.求电子打在B板上区域的面积．解析：打在最边缘处的电子，将是类平抛运动的电子，在垂直电场方向做匀速运动，即r＝v t.在平行电场方向做初速度为零的匀加速运动，即d＝12at2.其中，a＝eEm＝eUmd，则t＝d2meU.将r＝v t代入得r＝v d 2m eU.圆面积S＝πr2＝2πm v2d2eU.答案：2πm v2d2eU17.(12分)如图所示，一半径为R的绝缘圆形轨道竖直放置，圆轨道最低点与一条水平轨道相连，轨道都是光滑的．轨道所在空间存在水平向右的匀强电场，场强为E.从水平轨道上的A点由静止释放一质量为m的带正电的小球，为使小球刚好在圆轨道内做圆周运动，求释放点A距圆轨道最低点B的距离s(已知小球受到的电场力大小等于小球重力的34倍)．解析：圆弧轨道上，在复合场中“最高点”由电场力和重力的合力提供做圆周运动的向心力，如图所示．F合＝（mg）2＋（qE）2＝54mg，①由此可得tan θ＝34，②又F合＝m v2R，③从A至D，由动能定理得：qE(s－R sin θ)－mgR(1＋cos θ)＝12m v2，④联立求解得：s＝236R≈3.83R.答案：3.83R18．(13分)如图所示为两组平行板金属板，一组竖直放置，一组水平放置，今有一质量为m、电量为e的电子静止在竖直放置的平行金属板的A点，经电压U0加速后通过B点进入两板间距为d、电压为U的水平放置的平行金属板间．若电子从两块水平平行板的正中间射入，且最后电子刚好能从右侧的两块平行金属板穿出，A、B分别为两块竖直板的中点，求：(1)电子通过B点时的速度大小；(2)右侧平行金属板的长度；(3)电子穿出右侧平行金属板时的动能和速度方向．解析：(1)由动能定理，得eU0＝m v20 2，解得v0＝2eU0 m.(2)电子进入偏转电场做类平抛运动，设板长为L，则L＝v0t，又y＝d2＝at22，a＝Fm＝eUmd，联立上式，解得L＝d 2U0 U.(3)对全过程列动能定理，得eU0＋12eU＝E k－0，即E k ＝eU 0＋12eU ，速度方向与水平方向夹角φ满足： tan φ＝atv 0＝U 2U 0. 答案：(1) 2eU 0m (2)d2U 0U (3)见解析第三章恒定电流(时间：60分钟 分值：100分)一、单项选择题(本题共8小题，每题4分，共32分．每小题中只有一个选项是正确的，选对得4分，错选、不选或多选均不得分．)1．根据电阻定律，电阻率ρ＝RSL 对于温度一定的某种金属来说，它的电阻率( )A ．跟导线的电阻成正比B ．由所用金属材料的本身特性决定C ．跟导线的横截面积成正比D ．跟导线的长度成反比解析：电阻率描述的是导体本身的一种特性，是表征材料性质的重要的物理量，它与导体的材料有关，不与题意中的公式后的物理量有关，B 正确，A 、C 、D 错误．答案：B2．在10 s 内通过电解槽某一横截面向右迁移的正离子所带的电量为2 C ，向左迁移的负离子所带电量为3 C ，那么电解槽中电流为( )A ．0.5 AB ．0.2 AC ．0.3 AD ．0.1 A解析：根据电流强度的公式I ＝q ＋＋q －t ＝2＋310 A ＝0.5 A ，A 正确，B 、C 、D。
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答案及解析
典型题组
3-4C D
8-9解析：根据三条曲线可以看出第一阶段丙国大量出口而乙国大量进口，说明丙国为主要生产国；第二阶段乙国大量出口，而甲国和丙国大量进口，说明乙国为主要生产国；第三阶段，甲国大量出口，而乙国和丙国大量进口，说明甲国为主要生产国；该产品的生命周期体现出了各国技术水平的差异。
该产业转移路径是丙国―→乙国―→甲国，反映了经济全球化的趋势。
答案：8.C9.A
14-16 、A B D
22-23、C D
24-25、B D
变式训练
1、数据判读方法：三个坐标系的组成:各由两条轴组成(纵轴和零轴) 每个坐标的读取：过A点作零轴的平行线，与该坐标的交点。
严重且有水土流失和寒潮③地区盐碱化严重；④地区寒潮严重。
河
南省西部为黄土高原，水土流失严重，东部为黄淮海平原，盐碱化
严重。
冬季寒潮影响也比较大。
2、【解析】：（1）环渤海地区临近韩国，承接了韩国产业的转移。
答案：C. （2）：c环节位于金字塔顶端，为美国、日本、西欧
等发达国家和地区掌握，应当是附加值最高的品牌和核心技术环节。
答案：B
3、【解析】第（1）题，从图中可以看出我国沿海省区水土配合总体不协调。
第（2）题，我国华北地区需要外水调入，A正确。
4、【解析】注意两个重要信息第一：正午日影的方向指向正北，由此确定方向；第二：湖泊对径流的调节作用削洪补枯，由此确定流向由F到Q。
答案：C
高考链接
(1)流量季节变化大(汛期在夏季)；河流落差大，水流急；汛期河水含沙量较大
(2)B支流：开发水能；发展旅游。
C支流：发展航运。
(3)土地利用不合理现象：坡地开垦；围湖造田；
对湖泊及其下游的环境影响：湖泊淤积，湖面缩小；生物多样性减少；调蓄功能减弱，加大下游洪灾威胁。
自我检测与练习
DBADA BD
1-2 D B
3-4【解析】此题关键是对图中的信息准确获取和理解，平面正三角坐标图判读基本方法分两步，第一定起始边，与需要读取某数据的坐标轴0值相交的另一条坐标轴即为起始边；第二作平行线，要读取某点在该坐标轴上的数据，可以过这点作起始边的平行线，平行线与该坐标轴的交点所对应的数值即为所要读取的数据。
3、判断本题的关键是正确地读出图中数据,70年代，该乡有耕地0．6万公顷、人口6万人、粮食单产1.50吨／公顷；90年代，该乡有耕地1.0万公顷、人口8万人、粮食单产1.44吨／公顷。
可知耕地面积和人口数量都增加了，而单产却下降了。
70年代的人均粮食占有量=(0.6×1.50)×1000／6=150(千克)，同理可算出90年代的人均粮食占有量=(1.0×1.44)×1000／8=180千克。
4、西部地区生态环境脆弱，在开发的过程中应加强基础设施建设，保护生态环境。
在发展农业的过程中，应针对缺水这一现状，不断扩大耕地面积不切实际，而应发展节水农业。
西部因受技术、资金条件的制约，还不宜大力发展技术密集型工业；受环境人口容量制约，向西部大规模移民也不现实。
5-7【解析】用雷达图表示气温的变化，柱状图表示降水的季节变化，读懂图中的信息，再进行气候类型的判读，先根据最高气温判断所属南北半球，根据以“温”定“带”、以“水”定“型”原则，这样既快又准。
5、根据图中信息可知甲夏季高温多雨，冬季寒冷少雨，是温带季风气候，冬春季节农业生产易受干旱、寒潮、沙尘暴影响。
6、根据图中信息可知乙冬暖夏凉全年降水较多且均匀是温带海洋性气候，不适宜水稻种植业夏季高温多雨“雨热同期”的习性。
7、根据图中信息可知丁夏季高温少雨，冬季温和多雨，是地中海气候。