外文
外文文献评语

外文文献评语外文文献评语的参考内容应包括以下几个方面的内容:1. 文献主题与背景:首先,评价者应简要介绍所评价的外文文献的主题和背景,指出文献涉及的研究领域以及文献在该领域的重要性。
可以提及该领域的基本问题和研究现状,以便读者快速了解文献的背景和意义。
2. 内容概述:评价者可以对文献的内容进行简要概述,介绍文献的结构和组织方式。
可以提及文献中的主要理论、方法、实验或模型,并指出其创新和独特之处。
注意不要详述内容,而是以总体的角度进行概述。
3. 研究方法和数据:评价者应对文献中使用的研究方法和数据进行评价。
可以提及方法的合理性、可行性和适用性,以及文献中使用的数据来源、样本规模、数据收集和处理方式等。
可以提供对方法和数据的专业见解,以帮助读者了解研究的可靠性和有效性。
4. 结果和讨论:评价者可以对文献中的结果和讨论部分进行评价。
应指出结果是否与研究问题相符,结果的可信度如何,以及结果对相关领域的贡献和影响。
还可以对讨论的逻辑和推理进行评价,指出作者是否对结果进行了合理解释和对比分析。
可以提供自己的观点来补充或批评文献中的讨论内容。
5. 论文的局限性和不足之处:评价者还应指出文献中存在的局限性和不足之处。
这包括研究的范围、样本规模、数据收集和处理方式的限制,以及研究结果的局限性和推广性等。
这有助于读者全面了解该研究的限制,并为后续相关研究提供指导和启示。
6. 对文献的整体评价:最后,评价者应对文献给出整体评价和建议。
可以提及文献的创新性、重要性和实用性,以及可能的改进或进一步研究方向。
评价者还可以提供对文献作者的赞扬或批评,以及对研究领域发展的展望和期望。
总体而言,外文文献评语应该具备客观、准确、专业、全面、有意义等特点。
评价者应尽量站在科学研究的角度进行评价,真实反映文献的优缺点,为读者提供参考。
外文文献资料

外文文献外文文献对于学术研究以及跨文化交流起着至关重要的作用。
随着全球化进程的加快,外文文献的重要性也日益突出。
本文将探讨外文文献的定义、意义以及获取途径,并探讨其在学术领域的应用。
定义外文文献是指使用外国语言编写的科技、文学、艺术等各种学术和非学术文献。
外文文献不仅包括英语文献,还包括其他国家和地区使用的各种语言文献。
外文文献作为跨越语言障碍的重要工具,帮助读者获取更广泛的知识和信息。
意义外文文献的重要性主要体现在以下几个方面:1.获取新知识:外文文献是获取国际前沿学术信息的重要途径。
许多先进的研究成果和理论在国际上首次发表,通过翻译和阅读外文文献可以及时获取这些信息。
2.促进学术交流:外文文献是学术交流的桥梁,可以帮助不同国家和地区的学者之间进行交流与合作,促进学术研究的发展。
3.提升个人能力:通过阅读外文文献,可以提升个人的外语水平和专业知识,拓宽视野,培养批判性思维和跨文化交流能力。
4.推动学科发展:外文文献中包含了丰富的学术理论和研究方法,可以为国内学科的发展提供借鉴和参考,推动学科发展。
获取途径获取外文文献有多种途径,如下:1.图书馆资源:大部分高校图书馆都拥有丰富的外文文献资源,学生和教职员工可通过图书馆的借阅服务获取所需文献。
2.学术期刊和数据库:很多学术期刊和数据库提供有关于外文文献的查找和下载服务,如Google Scholar、JSTOR等。
3.专业网站:一些专业的学术网站和论坛提供了大量的外文文献资源,通过注册或付费可以获取到相关文献。
4.学术交流:参加国际学术会议或学术交流活动,可以结识到海外学者,获取到最新的外文文献。
学术应用外文文献在学术研究中占据重要地位,主要体现在以下几个方面:1.文献综述:通过阅读外文文献可以进行综述研究,了解国际研究进展和学术观点,为自己的研究提供理论支持和参考。
2.研究方法:外文文献中包含了丰富的研究方法和技术,可以帮助研究者选择合适的研究方法和工具,提升研究质量和水平。
外文期刊是指什么?怎么发表?

外文期刊是指什么?怎么发表?外文期刊指的是以英文或其他外国语言发行的学术性、研究性期刊。
在当今全球化的背景下,尤其是科学技术高速发展的时代,外文期刊对于推动学术研究、促进国际交流与合作、提高科研水平等具有重要意义。
本文将就外文期刊的意义、特点,以及如何发表外文期刊进行探讨。
一、外文期刊的意义与特点1.意义(1)促进学术交流外文期刊是学术交流的重要媒介。
通过阅读外文期刊,研究者可学习到国外的最新学术成果和研究方法,促进国际学术交流与合作。
(2)提高科研水平外文期刊上发表的高质量论文可为研究者提供研究思路、方法和成果。
阅读外文期刊有助于扩大视野,深化学术研究,提高科研水平。
(3)提升出版质量研究者在外文期刊上发表的论文需经过同行评审,确保其学术性和研究质量。
因此,外文期刊能提升论文出版的质量,有助于推动科研成果向高水平发展。
(4)增加知名度外文期刊是学术界公认的论文发表平台。
研究者通过在外文期刊上发表高质量论文能够增加其知名度,扩大影响力。
2.特点(1)语言标准化外文期刊一般使用英语、德语、法语等国际通用语种进行发表。
这些语言的语言规范比较统一,符合国际标准,容易被全球范围内的读者理解和使用。
(2)专业性高外文期刊在不同领域均有独特的定位和特色,往往拥有丰富的学术资源和专业人才。
因此,其发表的学术成果往往具有专业性和前沿性。
(3)质量有保障外文期刊的论文发表需经过严格的同行评审,确保其学术性和研究质量。
此外,外文期刊颇具声誉,严格把关,论文质量有保障。
(4)周期较长外文期刊一般以季刊、半年刊或年刊形式出版。
由于其发表周期较长,往往需要在发表时间、论文篇幅等方面做好计划安排。
二、如何发表外文期刊1.确定领域、定位期刊首先,需要明确自己所在的领域和研究方向,然后寻找与其匹配的外文期刊。
在确定期刊时,应考虑综合因素,如期刊学术水平、被引用次数、影响因子等。
2.撰写文章撰写外文期刊的文章应注意语言表达、论据充分、结论明确。
外文文献评语

外文文献评语外文文献评语是对某篇外文文献进行评论和分析的内容,主要包括对文献的质量、观点、方法、结论等方面的评述。
以下是示范性的外文文献评语,供参考:Title: "The Impact of Climate Change on Biodiversity"This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the impact of climate change on biodiversity. The authors present a solid review of existing literature on the subject and highlight the major findings in this field. The paper is well-structured and covers a range of key aspects, including the effects of rising temperatures, changing precipitation patterns, and sea-level rise on various ecosystems.The authors have effectively summarized the current state of scientific knowledge in this area and have provided a clear and concise overview of how climate change is affecting biodiversity. They have made good use of figures and tables to illustrate their main points and have included a comprehensive reference list at the end, which further enhances the reliability and credibility of the article.One of the strengths of this paper is the authors' thorough analysis of the underlying mechanisms through which climate change influences biodiversity. They have presented compelling evidence for the direct and indirect impacts of climate change on species distribution, population dynamics, and ecosystem functioning. The discussion of potential management strategies and conservationmeasures is particularly valuable, as it highlights the need for proactive adaptation in the face of ongoing climate change.However, while the paper is generally well-written, there are a few areas that could be further improved. The authors could have provided more specific examples and case studies to support their arguments and make the content more relatable to readers. Additionally, some sections of the article could benefit from a more critical analysis of the limitations and uncertainties in the research, as this would enhance the overall robustness of their findings.In conclusion, this article makes a significant contribution to the field of climate change biology. It provides a comprehensive overview of the impacts of climate change on biodiversity and offers insights into potential management approaches. With some minor revisions and additions, this paper has the potential to be an even more valuable resource for researchers, policymakers, and conservation practitioners seeking a better understanding of the complex relationship between climate change and biodiversity.。
外文文献数据库介绍

主要外文文献数据库介绍为了方便系统研发人员查阅外文资料,现对国外主流的数据库的特点做一个简单的介绍。
外文文献数据库可以有很多种分类的角度,其中从所收录文献信息的使用方式的角度分类如下:第一类是收录文献全文的数据库,以 science direct、springe r为代表;第二类是收录摘要、文献来源和文献引证关系的数据库,以所谓的三大索引数据库(SCI(科学引文索引)、EI(工程索引 )、ISTP(科技会议录索引))为代表(三大索引数据库统一于 ISI web of kno wled ge)。
以下对这两类数据库做逐一介绍。
收录全文的数据库1、ScienceDirect OnSite《Elsevie r电子期刊全文》Elsevie r是荷兰一家全球著名的学术期刊出版商,每年出版大量的学术图书和期刊,大部分期刊被S C I、SSCI、EI收录,是世界上公认的高品位学术期刊。
近几年该公司将其出版的2,500多种期刊和11,000图书全部数字化,即Scienc eDirec t全文数据库,并通过网络提供服务。
该数据库涉及众多学科:计算机科学、工程技术、能源科学、环境科学、材料科学、数学、物理、化学、天文学、医学、生命科学、商业、及经济管理、社会科学等。
单击页面左侧的"Search"按钮,进入简单检索界面。
简单检索界面分为上下两个区,即检索策略输入区和检索结果的限定区。
检索策略可在输入区中选择"Search all fields(所有字段)"、"Author'Name(作者)"、"Journal or book Title(期刊名)"等字段输入,再利用限定区,限定检索结果的出版时间、命中结果数及排序方式,而后点击"Searchthe Collect ions"按钮,开始检索。
外文文献的导出方法

外文文献的导出方法
外文文献的导出方法可以使用多种工具和平台,包括在线数据库、文献管理软件和浏览器插件等。
1. 在线数据库:许多在线数据库(如PubMed、Web of Science 和Google Scholar)允许用户通过导出功能直接将文献保存为电子
文件或引用格式。
用户可以选择使用标准引用格式(如APA或MLA)或指定自定义格式。
2. 文献管理软件:文献管理软件(如EndNote、Mendeley和Zotero)可以帮助用户收集、组织和管理文献。
这些软件通常包括导出功能,允许用户将文献导出为多种引用格式,以及进行批量导出。
3. 浏览器插件:有些浏览器插件(如Unpaywall和Open Access Button)可以帮助用户找到免费的全文或预印本,同时提供导出功能,以便将文献保存到计算机或文献管理软件中。
总之,外文文献的导出方法应根据具体需求选择合适的工具和平台,以便高效地管理和保存文献。
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外文文献数据库

外文文献数据库外文文献数据库是研究者在进行学术研究时经常会接触到的工具之一。
这些数据库包含了世界各地的学术期刊、论文、专著等文献信息,为研究人员提供了广阔的信息资源和研究素材。
通过外文文献数据库,研究者可以获取到国内外各领域的最新研究成果、前沿理论、重要数据等,有利于开展学术研究、提高研究水平、拓展视野和加深理解。
外文文献数据库的特点1.全球范围:外文文献数据库覆盖了全球各个国家和地区的学术文献资源,涵盖了众多学科领域,极大地方便了研究者跨越地域和语言障碍获取信息。
2.权威性:外文文献数据库通常由专业机构或权威出版社维护和管理,所收录的文献质量有保障,具有较高的学术权威性和可信度。
3.更新及时:很多外文文献数据库会定期更新数据库内容,及时收录最新的研究成果和文献信息,确保研究者获取到最新的学术进展。
4.检索便捷:外文文献数据库提供了多种检索手段和工具,研究者可以通过关键词、作者、期刊、出版时间等多种途径快速精准地检索到所需文献,大大提高了检索效率。
外文文献数据库的常见类型1.学术期刊数据库:收录了各类学术期刊中的文章,涵盖了学术研究的广泛领域,是研究者了解最新学术进展的重要来源。
2.学位论文数据库:收录了各个学院、学校的硕士、博士学位论文,为研究者提供了大量的研究资源和学术成果。
3.会议论文数据库:汇集了各类学术会议上的论文和演讲,是了解学术研讨会成果和交流最新研究成果的重要途径。
4.专业数据库:针对特定领域或学科的数据库,如医学数据库、工程技术数据库等,提供了更加专业和深入的研究资料。
外文文献数据库的应用意义1.学术研究:外文文献数据库是研究者进行学术研究的重要工具,可以帮助研究者了解国际学术动态,获取前沿研究成果,推动学术交流和创新。
2.决策参考:政府机构、企业、社会组织等单位可以通过外文文献数据库获取国外先进技术、管理经验等信息,为决策提供参考和支持。
3.学生学习:学生可以通过外文文献数据库查找相关文献,拓展知识面,提高学习水平,培养学术研究能力和文献综述能力。
外文翻译范例

外文翻译范例在全球化日益加深的今天,外文翻译的重要性愈发凸显。
无论是学术研究、商务交流,还是文化传播,准确而流畅的外文翻译都起着至关重要的桥梁作用。
下面为大家呈现几个不同领域的外文翻译范例,以帮助大家更好地理解和掌握外文翻译的技巧与要点。
一、科技文献翻译原文:The development of artificial intelligence has brought about revolutionary changes in various fields, such as healthcare, finance, and transportation译文:人工智能的发展给医疗保健、金融和交通运输等各个领域带来了革命性的变化。
在这个范例中,翻译准确地传达了原文的意思。
“artificial intelligence”被准确地翻译为“人工智能”,“revolutionary changes”翻译为“革命性的变化”,“various fields”翻译为“各个领域”,用词准确、贴切,符合科技文献严谨、客观的语言风格。
二、商务合同翻译原文:This Agreement shall commence on the effective date and shall continue in force for a period of five years, unless earlier terminated in accordance with the provisions herein译文:本协议自生效日起生效,并将持续有效五年,除非根据本协议的规定提前终止。
商务合同的翻译需要格外注重准确性和专业性。
上述译文中,“commence”翻译为“生效”,“in force”翻译为“有效”,“terminated”翻译为“终止”,清晰准确地表达了合同条款的含义,避免了可能的歧义。
三、文学作品翻译原文:The sun was setting, painting the sky with hues of orange and pink, as if nature were a master artist at work译文:太阳正在西沉,把天空涂成了橙色和粉色,仿佛大自然是一位正在创作的艺术大师。
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VSOTD.COMDECEMBER 2012395394VITAL SPEECHES OF THE DAY
concerned about all Americans, including the 47 per cent.” O’s talk petered out. My suggestion for an ending would have been: “We have started the recovery from the disaster we inherited; with your support we will finish it.”Michelle Obama’s Convention speech was widely praised, and the audience came away feeling that this good woman loved her husband. Necessary but not sufficient! I would have added to her remarks: “The man I live with may look calm, but he spends sleepless nights over our casualties in Iraq and Afghanistan, and agonizes over stu-dents who can’t find jobs and unemployed workers whose insurance is running out.”Martin Luther King, Jr. wrote his own sermons and speeches. John F. Kennedy’s were written by Ted So-rensen, Ronald Reagan’s were by Peggy Noonan, Barack Obama’s by Jon Favreau. Franklin Roosevelt corrected his own talks, but the first drafts were written by skilled writers like Sam Rosenman, Robert Sherwood, Ar-chibald Macleish and others. If you get help for a major talk, or have someone prepare a draft, you are in good company. But writing your own material can not only be fun, but also educational. E.M. Forster’s comment, “How do I know what I think until I hear what I say?” states it clearly.Plunge in and write your own; but remember Aristo-tle’s “ethos,” “logos” and “pathos”; Cicero’s “decorum”; Demosthenes’ “delivery”; and the one attribute of all great speeches—say something worth saying! Restore the American Dream: Unleash the Country’s Small BusinessesWE SHOULD BE UNLEASHING, NOT RESTRAINING, SMALL BUSINESS OWNERSAddress by LIAM MCGEE, Chairman, President and CEO, The HartfordDelivered at the Detroit Economic Club, Detroit, Mich., Sept. 18, 2012Good Afternoon! Thank you Tim [Codd ] for your kind introduction. Given my topic this afternoon, it’s great to be introduced by the founder and CEO of mul-tiple businesses who’s contributed so much to Michigan’s economy. On behalf of The Hartford and my nearly 24,000 teammates, I’m honored to be speaking at The Detroit Economic Club. We chose your influential forum to announce the results of our second annual small business success study. We’ve captured the views of small business owners across the country on the economy, the nature of success, the challenges they face, and more. And in a separate study we took a closer look at Detroit-area small businesses. I’ll be sharing these results in a minute.First, though, I’d like to acknowledge the many Hart-ford customers, partners, and teammates in the audience. Thank you all for being here. I appreciate it. I’d also like to recognize two of my teammates who do a terrific job lead-ing The Hartford’s business in this region:•MarkGromek,RegionalVicePresidentofourmiddle market commercial property and casualty business and•HelenKasper,DivisionSalesExecutiveforsmallcommercial. Also here today is my teammate Lee Ann Lucas, a worker’s compensation claims consultant from The Hart-ford’s Aurora, Illinois, office. Today is her 30th anniversary with our company. Congratulations Lee Ann!I’m impressed with Detroit’s resolve and resilience. Your city is working to diversify its economy by catering to young entrepreneurs and helping small businesses spring to life, including a growing tech community. And when combined with the Big Three’s improving financial per-formance, this bodes well for Detroit’s revitalization. Your city and the automotive industry are so important to our country that everyone is rooting for you.Last night at the Renaissance Center I had dinner with several of The Hartford’s customers and insurance agents. I was energized by their determination and confidence as well as their involvement in local communities.This afternoon I’ll talk about:•Theimportanceofsmallbusinessestotheeco-nomic and psychological renewal of our nation, and•Whatwecandotohelpthesebusinessesthrive—here in Detroit and across the country. As one historian put it: “From the time of Thomas Jefferson to the present, Americans have seen the owners of small businesses as epitomizing all that is best about the American way of life.” I certainly agree. These traits include believing in themselves, imagining a future worth striving for, persisting in the face of obstacles, and working hard and taking risks to achieve success.Small business owners are confident people. And I believe the momentum of an economy, a society, an orga-nization, and even a family depends on confidence. But these days, Americans, normally a confident people, are understandably anxious—not only about the economy but about whether their kids will have the opportunity LIAM MCGEEto live the American Dream. For example, a June Gallup Poll found that nearly six in 10 Americans are currently dissatisfied with the opportunity for the next generation of Americans to live better than their parents. Poll after poll shows that the No. 1 concern of most Americans is jobs—how to get one, create more of them, and keep high-paying jobs in this country. There’s real unhappiness with an economic system that is not living up to its potential and, sadly, excluding too many constituents. All of this has led to a serious loss of confidence in government, in business, the economy, and our future. I worry about this diminished confidence, for my own children and the generations to come. Because this uncer-tainty discourages investment and hiring, and can become a self-fulfilling prophesy—perpetuating the very economic malaise people fear.Now, I’m not minimizing the real hardships that people are experiencing. Nor am I calling for mindless optimism divorced from reality. But as the child of immigrants—and an immigrant myself—I’m proud to say I was brought up to view America as the land of opportunity, where hard work, sacrifice, and determination pay off. I think of my parents as well as my sister and three brothers, and I know this has been true for us. We are living the American Dream.Now, I hear some say those days are long gone. But I don’t think so. Our free market economy remains a great equalizer that rewards those who take risks and are determined to succeed. I guess that’s why more than half a million new firms are launched each year in the U.S. Wherever you see a successful business, you know some-one made a courageous decision and took risks.At The Hartford, we’ve learned a great deal about small companies. That comes from having more than one mil-lion small firms as customers and from developing three decades ago the first division in the insurance industry dedicated to the needs of small businesses. We’re one of the few companies with the range of products to help these owners protect their people, property, data, and busi-ness interests comply with regulations and provide for the future. And in Michigan we work with more than 25,000 small firms. One of our valued Greater Detroit customers is Chris Ingoglia, president of Comprehensive Payroll Company based in Royal Oak. A sole proprietor when he launched his payroll services company six years ago, Chris now employs eight people and has grown sales by 400 percent. While he certainly felt the economic downturn, he battled back and now competes successfully with larger national firms by offering the latest technology and competitive pricing and building close relationships with his custom-ers. Chris seeks out newly-launched firms in Detroit, and as their payrolls grow so does his business. At dinner last night I spoke to Hartford customer Wilmer Suan who, with a partner, recently established