职称英语考试《卫生类》每日一练精选及答案0529-26
职称英语考试《卫生类》每日一练精选及答案0530-25
职称英语考试《卫生类》每日一练精选及答案0530-251、ExerciseWhether or not exercise adds to the length of life, it is common experience that a certain amount of regular exercise improves the health and contributes a feeling of well-being. Furthermore, exercise which involves play and recreation, and relieves nervous tension and mental fatigue in so doing, is not only pleasant but beneficial.How much and what kind of exercise one should take merits careful consideration. The growing child and the normal young man and young woman thrill with the exhilaration of strenuous sports. They fatigue to the point of exhaustion but recover promptly with a period of rest. But not so with ____ of middle age and beyond. For them moderation is of vital importance. Just how much exercise a person of a given age can safely take is a question hard to answer. Individual variability is too great to permit of generalization. A game of tennis may be perfectly safe for one person of forty but folly for another. The safe limit forexercise depends on the condition of the heart, the condition of the muscles, the type of exercise, and the regularity with which it is taken. Two general suggestions, however, will serve as sound advice for anyone. The first is that the condition of the heart and general health should be determined periodically by careful, thorough physical examinations. The other is that exercise should be kept below the point of physical exhaustion. What type of exercise one should choose depends upon one's physical condition. Young people can safely enjoy vigorous competitive sports, but most older persons do bet ter to limit themselves to less strenuous activities. Walking, swimming, skating are among the sports that one can enjoy and safely participate in throughout life. Regularity is important if one is to get the most enjoyment and benefit out of exercise.【单选题】A.theseB.thisC.thoseD.that正确答案:C答案解析:本空格后面的of?middle?age?and?beyond提示了本空格要填的词应该是指“人”，而且不止一个人。
职称英语考试《卫生类》每日一练精选及答案0530-29
职称英语考试《卫生类》每日一练精选及答案0530-291、Life Expectancy in the Last Hundred YearsA hundred years ago, life expectancy in developed countries was about 47 in the early 21st century, men in the United States and the United Kingdom can expect to live to about 74. Women to about 80, and these ages are rising all the time. What has brought about these changes? When we look at the life span of people 100 years ago, we need to look at the greatest killers of the time. In the early 20th century, these were the acute and oftenhighly infectious diseases such as smallpox. Many children died very young from these diseases and others, and the weak and elderly were always at risk.In the developed world these diseases are far less deadly today, and in some cases have almost disappeared. A number of factors have led to this: improvements in sanitation and hygiene, the discovery and use of antibiotics, which make bacterial diseases much less dangerous, and vaccinations againstcommon diseases. ____, people's general health has improved with improvements in our general environment: cleaner air, better means of preserving food, better and warmer housing, and better understanding of nutrition.Genetically, we should all be able to live to about 85 but while people do live longer today, there are still some big killers around that are preventing US from consistently reaching that age. The problems that affect people today are the more chronic illnesses, such as heart disease and strokes, and those spread by viruses, such as influenza and AIDS. Of course, cancer is a huge killer as well. In most cases these diseases affect older people, but there are worrying trends in the developed world with problems such as obesity leading to more heart disease and illnesses such as diabetes at younger ages.The killers today can be classed as "lifestyle diseases", which means that it may be possible to halt their progress.【单选题】A.AndB.ThereforeC.In additionD.Nevertheless正确答案:C答案解析:前面说的是对疾病的防范和控制加强，后面说的是整体环境的改善，两者为并列关系，但是and在书面语中不能这样使用，所以只能选in addition。
职称英语考试《卫生类》每日一练精选及答案0529-29
职称英语考试《卫生类》每日一练精选及答案0529-291、PopulationThe advantages and disadvantages of large population have long been a subject of discussion among economists. It has been argued that the supply of good land is limited . To feed a large population, inferior land must be cultivated and the good land worked intensively. produces less and this means a lower average income than could be obtained with a smaller population . Other economists have argued that a large population gives more scope for specialization and the development of facilities such as ports, roads and railways, which are not likely to be built unless there is a big demand to justify themOne of the difficulties in carrying out a worldwide birth control program lies in the fact that official attitudes to population growth vary from country to country depending on the level of industrial development and the availability of food and raw materials. In the developing country where a vastly expanded population is pressing hard upon the limits of food, space and natural resources, ____. In a highly industrialized society the problem may be more complex. A decreasing birthrate may lead to unemployment it results in a declining market for manufactured goods. When the pressure of population on housing declines, prices also decline and the building industry is weakened. Faced with considerations such as these, the government of a developed country may well prefer to see a slowly increasing population, rather than one which is stable or in decline.【单选题】A.which are not likely to be built unless there is a big demand to justify themB.It has been argued that the supply of good land is limitedC.it will be the first concern of government to plane a limit on the birth rate, whatever the consequences may beD.Thus, each person produces less and this means a lower average income than could be obtained with a smaller populationE.A small population may mean lower productivity, but a higheraverage incomeF.because it results in a declining market for manufactured goods正确答案:C答案解析:需要选择的是这个句子中的主干，前面说在这个发展中国家里，极度膨胀的人口给食品、空间和自然资源都造成了很大的压力，因此顺理成章地控制人口就成为这样的国家的政府关注的头等大事。
职称英语考试《卫生类》章节练习题精选及答案0523-99
职称英语考试《卫生类》章节练习题精选及答案0523-991、Blasts from the Past1 Volcanoes were more destructive in ancient history. Not because they were bigger, but because the carbon they released wiped out life with greater ease.2 Paul Wignall from the University of Leeds was investigating the link between volcanic eruptions and mass extinctions. Not all volcanic eruptions killed off large numbers of animals, but all the mass extinctions over the past 300. million years coincided with huge formations of volcanic rock. To his surprise, the older the massive volcanic eruptions were, the more damage they seemed to do.3 Wignall calculated the "killing efficiency" for these volcanoes by comparing the proportion of life they killed off with the volume of lava that they produced. He found that size for size, older eruptions were at least 10 times as effective at wiping out life as their more recent rivals.4 The Permian extinction, for example, which happened 250million years ago, is marked by floods of volcanic rock in. Siberia that cover an area roughly the size of western Europe, Those volcanoes are thought to have pumped out about 10 gigatonnes of carbon as carbon dioxide, The global warming that followed wiped out 8 per cent of all marine genera at the time, and it took 5 million years far tire planet to recover.5 Yet 60 million years ago in the late Palaeocene there was another huge amount of volcanic activity and global-warming but no mass extinction. Some animals did disappear but things returned to normal within ten thousands of years, "The most recent ones hardly have an effect at all," Wignall says. He ignored the extinction which wiped out the dinosaurs at the end of the Cretaceous, 65 million years ago, because many scientists believe it was primarily caused by the impact of an asteroid.6 Wignall thinks that older volcanoes had more killing power because more recent life forms were better adapted to dealing with increased levels of C02 Ocean chemistry may also have played a role. As the supercontinents broke up and exposed more coastline there may have been more weathering of silica rocks. This would have encouraged the growth of phytoplankton in the oceans, increasing the amount of C02 absorbed from the atmosphere.7 Vincent Courtillot, director of the Paris Geophysical Institute in France, says that Wignall's idea is provocative. But he says it is incredibly hard to do these sorts of calculations. He points out that the killing power of volcanic eruptions depends on how long they fasted. And it is impossible to tell whether the huge blasts lasted for thousands or millions of years.8 Courtillot also adds that it is difficult to estimate how much lava prehistoric volcanoes produced, and that lava volume may not necessarily correspond to carbon dioxide or sulphur dioxide emissions.Older eruptions were more devastating____.【单选题】A.than more recent onesB.the killing efficiency for older eruptionsC.has remained controversialD.Wignall's calculations as acceptableE.has been mown to us allF.his ideas正确答案:A答案解析:more recent ones较后来的火山爆发。
职称英语考试《卫生类》每日一练精选及答案0529-27
职称英语考试《卫生类》每日一练精选及答案0529-271、CancerCancer is a group of many related diseases that begin in cells, the body\'s basic building blocks. The body is made up of many types of cells. Normally cells grow and divide to produce more cells as they are needed to keep the body healthy. Sometimes, this orderly process goes wrong. New cells form when the body does not need them, and old cells do not die when they should. The extra cells form a mass of tissue called a growth or tumor. Benign (良性的) tumors are not cancer. They can often be removed and, in most cases, they do not come back. Malignant (恶性的) tumors are cancer. Cells in malignant tumors are abnormal and divide without control or order.Scientists have learned that cancer is caused by changes in genes that normally control the growth and death of cells. Certain lifestyle and environmental factors can change some normal genes into genes that allow the growth of cancer. Many gene changes that lead to cancer are the result of tobacco use, diet, exposure to ultraviolet radiation from the sun, or exposureto carcinogens (致癌物) in the workplace or in the environment. Some gene alterations are inherited.Cancer treatment can include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy （化疗), hormone therapy, and biological therapy. The doctor may use one method or a combination of methods, depending on the type and location of the cancer, whether the disease has spread, the patient\'s age and general health, and other factors. Because treatment for cancer can also damage healthy cells and tissues, it often causes side effects. Patients and doctors generally discuss the treatment options, weighing the likely benefits of killing cancer cells and the risks of possible side effects.Having cancer does not always mean having pain. Whether a patient has pain may depend on the type of cancer, the extent of the disease, and the patient\'s tolerance for pain. Most pain occurs when the cancer grows and presses against bones, organs, or nerves. Pain may also be a side effect of treatment. However, pain can generally be relieved or reduced with prescription medicines or over-the-counter drugs recommended by the doctor.Gene alterations may be caused by____.【单选题】A.prescription medicinesB.control or orderC.tolerance for painD.various factorsE.normal genesF.different genes side effects正确答案:D答案解析:根据题干线索词Gene alterations定位原文至第二段第二句“Certain lifestyle and environmental factors can change some normal genes into genes that allow the growth of cancer”，题干中的alterations与句中的change虽然词性不同，但意思相同。
职称英语考试《卫生类》答案
职称英语考试《卫生类》答案In 1959 the average American family paid $989 for a year’s supply of food. In 1972 the family paid $1,311. That was a price increase of nearly one-third. Every family has had this s?ort of experience. Everyone agrees that the cost of feeding a family has risen sharply. But there is less agreement when reasons for the rise are being discussed. Who is really responsible?Many blame the farmers who produce the vegetables, fruit, meat, eggs, and cheese that stores offer for sale. Aording to the U.S. Department of Agriculture, thefarmer’s share of the $1,311 spent by the family in 1972 was $521. This was 31 per cent more than the farmer had received in 1959.But farmers claim that this increase was very small pared to the increase in their cost of living. Farmers tend to blame others for the sharp rise in food prices. They particularly blame those who process the farm productsafter the products leave the farm. These include truck drivers, meat packers, manufacturers of packages and other food containers, and the owners of stores where food is sold. They are among the “middlemen” who stand between the farmer and the people who buy and eat the food. Are middlemen the ones to blame for rising food prices?Of the $1,311 family food bill in 1972, middlemen received $790, which was 33 per cent more than they had received in 1959. It appears that the middlemen’s profit has increased more than farmer’s. But some economistsclaim that the middleman’s actual profit was very low. Aording to economists at the First National City Bank, the profit for meat packers and food stores amounted to less than one per cent. During the same period all others manufacturers were making a profit of more than 5 per cent. By parison with other members of the economic system both farmers and middlemen have profited surprisingly littlefrom the rise in food prices.Who then is actually responsible for the size of thebill a housewife must pay before she carries the food home from the store? The economists at First National City Bank have an answer to give housewives, but many people will not like it. These economists blame the housewife herself for the jump in food prices. They say that food costs more now because women don’t want to spend much time in the kitchen. Women prefer to buy food which has already been prepared before it reaches the market.Vegetables and chicken cost more when they have beencut into pieces by someone other than the one who buys it.A family should expect to pay more when several “TVdinne rs” are taken home from the store. These are fullycooked meals, consisting of meat, vegetables, and sometimes desert, all arranged on a metal dish. The dish is put into the oven and heated while the housewife is doing something else. Such a convenience costs money. Thus, as economists point out: “Some of the basic reasons for widening food price spreads are easily traceable to the increasing use of convenience foods, which transfer much of the time and work of meal preparation from the kitchen to the food processor’s plant.”Economists remind us that many modern housewives have jobs outside the home. They earn money that helps to pay the family food bills. The housewife naturally has less time and energy for cooking after a day’s work. She wants to buy m any kinds of food that can be put on her family’s table easily and quickly. “If the housewife wants all of these,” the economists say, “that is her privilege, but she must be prepared to pay for the services of those who make her work easier.”It appears that the answer to the question of rising prices is not a simple one. Producers, consumers, and middlemen all share the responsibility for the sharp rise in food costs.练习：1. Paragraph 32. Paragraph 43. Paragraph 54. Paragraph 6A The Cost of Convenience.B A Surprising Answer Given by the Economists.C The Effect of InflationD Middlemen’s Limited Share in the Additional Profit.E Farmers’ Denial of Increased Profit.F Housewives’ Need to Find Jobs.5.Many people agree that food prices have increased sharply but they have failed .6.The farmers have not been benefited very much.7.Housewives have to pay for the time they save.8.The economists have e to the conclusion that the cause of increased food prices lies in .A Nor have the middlemen.B to increase the prices for food.C that they cannot agree on the causes of the increase in prices to agree on the reasons for the increase.E by buying prepared food.F the popularization of convenience food.答案：E D B A D A E F。
职称英语考试卫生类试题及答案(3)
职称英语考试卫生类试题及答案(3)Friendly Relations with the people Around1 You depend on all the people closely around to give you the warm feeling of belongingness（归属）that you must have to feel secure. But, In fact, the members of all the groups to which you belong also depend on you to give that feeling to them. A person who shows that he wants everything for himsefl in bound（一定的）to be a lonely wolf.2 The need for companionship is closely realated to the need for a sense of belongingness. How sad and lonely your life would be if you had no one to share your feelings and experiences. You may take it for granted that there always will be people around to talk to and to do things with you and for you. The important point, however, is that keeping emotionally healthy does not depend so much upon having people around you as upon your ability to establish relationships that are satisfying both to you and to them.3 Suppose you are in a crowd watching a football game. You don't know them. When the game is over, you will all go your separate ways. But just for a while you had a feeling ofcompanionship, of sharing the feelings of others who were cheering for the team you wanted to win.4 An experience of this kind gives the clue（线索）to what companionship really is. It depends upon emotional ties of sympathy, understanding, trust, and affection. Companions become friends when these ties are formed.5 When you are thrown in a new circle of acquaintances（熟人）, you may not know with whom you will make friends, but you can be sure that you will be able to establish friendships if you show that you really like people.23 Paragraph2 ______________23 Paragraph3 ______________23 Paragraph4 ______________23 Paragraph5 ______________A Close Link Between Companionship and BelongingnessB How to Satisfy Other People's NeedsC An Example of a Satisfying RelationshipD Difficulties in Establishing FriendshipsE What Companionship Really Is【备注说明，非正文，实际使用可删除如下部分。
全国职称英语等级考试卫生类级参考答案及解析
2013试(卫生类A)析第1部分：词汇选项1．【 】A【题 】 生 原则。
A．主要 ，基 B．道德 ，精神 C．定期 ，有规 D．硬 ，艰难【 析】 查形容词。
划线词card inal为“基 ，主要 ”， fundamental。
为A。
【 点延伸】表示“ ，基 ”词还有basic(基 ，基础 )，radical( ，激进 )，prime(主要 ，首要 )2．【 】B【题 】 。
A．拒绝，排斥B．支持， C．使服从， 交D． 虑，认为【 析】 查动词。
划线词endo rse 为“签署， ，认可”， approv e为 词，为B。
【 点延伸】表示“ ” 词还有con sent( ，)，support(支持，)，sancti o n(认可，支持；制裁，处罚)，agree( ， )3．【 】D【题 】 持怀疑态度。
A．未受影响 ，未改变 B．必然 ，无疑 ， 定 C．沉默 ，寂静 D．怀疑 ，不 定【 析】 查形容词。
划线词skep tical为“怀疑 ”， doubtf ul为 词， 为D。
【 点延伸】-ful表示形容词，如doubtf ul(怀疑 )，success ful( 功 )，hopeful(有希望 )4．【 】D【题 】 绝 ， 为 受 。
A．死 ，变 死 B．经过，逝去C．运走，带走D． 绝，绝【 析】 查短 。
划线词dieout 为“ 绝，消失”，become extinct为 词， 为D。
【 点延伸】die off(相继死去)，die of／from(死于)，die away(减弱，消失)【题 】 期 交 很简单。
A．可靠 ，可信 B．有效 ，起作 C．简单 D．选择性 ，交替【 析】 查形容词。
划线词prim itive为“原始 ，简单 ，粗糙 ”， simple为 词， 为C。
【 点延伸】-able表示形容词，如reliab le(可信 ，可靠 )，dependa ble(可依靠 )；-tive表示形容词，如effect i ve(有效 )，active(积极 )6．【 】D【题 】 选 冠军。
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职称英语考试《卫生类》每日一练精选及答案0529-261、Because Susie earns a small sum of money every month, she cannot rent a large apartment. 【单选题】A.departmentB.villaC.flatD.shed正确答案:C答案解析:apartment和flat都表示“公寓”；department：部门、系；villa：别墅、郊区住宅；shed：棚屋、小棚。
2、The Only Way Is Up Think of a modem city and the first image that come to mind is the skyline. It is full of great buildings, pointing like fingers to heaven. It is true that some cities don\'t permit buildings to go above a certain height. But these are cities concerned with the past. The first thing any city does when it wants to tell the world that it has arrived is to build skyscrapers. When people gather together in cities, they create a demand for land since cities are places where money is made, that demand can be met. And the best way to make money out of city land is to put as many people as possible in a space that covers the smallest amount of ground that means building upwards. The technology existed to do this as early as the 19th century. But the height of buildings was limited by one important factor. They had to be small enough for people on the top floors to climb stairs. People could not be expected to climb a mountain at the end of their journey to work, or home. Elisha Otis, a US inventor, was the man who brought us the lift or elevator, as he preferred to call it. However, most of the technology is very old lifts work using the same pulley systemthe Egyptians used to create the Pyramids. What Otis did was attach the system to a steam engine and develop the elevator brake, which stops the lift falling if the cords that hold it up are broken. It was this that did the most to gain public confidence in the new invention. In fact, he spent a number of years exhibiting lifts at fairgrounds, giving people the chance to try them out before selling the idea to architects and builders. A lift would not be a very good theme park attraction now. Going in a lift is such an everyday thing that it would just be boring. Yet psychologists and others who study human behavior find lifts fascinating. The reason is simple. Scientists have always studied animals in zoos. The nearest they can get to that with humans is in observing them in lifts. "It breaks all the usual conventions about the bubble of personal space we carry around with us and you just can\'t choose to move away," says workplace psychologist, Gary Fitzgibbon. Being trapped in this setting can create different types of tensions, he says. Some people are scared of them. Others use them as an opportunity to get close to the boss. Some stand close to the door. Others hide in the comers. Most people try and shrink into the background but some behave in a way that makes others notice them. There are a few people who just stand in a comer taking notes. Don\'t worry about them. They are probably from a university.Which of the following best describes the experience of going in a liftnow? 【单选题】A.Fascinating.B.Uninteresting.C.Frightening.D.Exciting.正确答案:B答案解析:现在电梯已经十分普通，没有人会觉得乘电梯是件好玩的事。
3、Importance of Children\'s Oral HealthFebruary is National Children\'s Dental(牙齿的) Health Month, but in children goodoral(口部的) care is critical every day. The first comprehensive study on the nation\'s oral health, released recently by the Office of the U. S. Surgeon General, calls dental and oral diseases a "silent epidemic (流行病)", even in children. The report states that more than 51 million school hours are lost each year to dental -related illness. In fact, a recent study pointed to dental care as the most common unmet health need among American children.To help counter this, the American Academy of Periodontology (牙周病学) (AAP) is launching an effort to educate children and parents about the prevention of dental diseases in children."This is important because oral problems can impact self -esteem for children and lead to problems of eating, speaking and attending to learning," said Michael McGuire, president of the mon dental problems seen in children are cavities (龋洞) and gingivitis (龈炎), which are found in the majority of U. S. children. "When these problems are not caught early and treated, they can develop into more severe problems and cause unnecessary suffering," said McGuire. "However, much of the time, oral problems are avoidable problems."In the Rio Grande Valley in Texas, a group of more than 120 dentists(牙医) volunteers todeliver dental care to thousands of low - income children each year with its Mobile Dental Unit that travels from school to school."According to the Surgeon General\'s Report, about 37 percent of children have not had a dental visit before starting school," said McGuire. When children don\'t see dentists, they miss the opportunity to have problems caught early before they develop into larger, more expensive problems to treat, and parents miss the opportunity to learn how to promote good oral habits in their children.Some children have never seen a dentist before starting school.【单选题】A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned正确答案:A答案解析:本题难度不大，答案依据比较明显，带者题干信息词回文章定位，答案依据在文章最后一段第一句：…about 37 per cent of children have not had a dental visit before start ing school，谈到约37%的孩子上小学前从没看过牙医，所以本题和原文句意相符，答案是A。