初中英语现在完成时讲解学案

完成时态

1. 用法：①过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果：强调结果

E.g：

Yesterday I finished my homework, that’s to say, I have finished my homework

now.

②过去已经开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态：强调继续

E.g.:：

I have lived here since 1990.

2. 现在完成时的构成have\has+过去分词

3. 现在完成时的四个基本句型

肯定句He has finished the work.

一般疑问句Has he finished the work?

否定句He has not finished the work.

两回答Yes ,he has. No, he hasn’t.

特殊疑问句What has he done?

4. 在下列情形下用现在完成时

(1)九词语

①already已经肯定句中或句尾

e.g.:

I have already found my pen.

= I have found my pen already.

②yet已经否定句和疑问句句尾

I have not finished the work yet.

Have you bought a computer yet?

③ever曾经句中

e.g.：

Have you ever seen pandas?

④never从不句中

e.g.：

I have never been to Beijing.

⑤just刚刚句中

e.g.：

I have just done my work.

⑥before以前句尾

e.g.：

I have never been there before.

⑦so far到目前为止

e.g.：

So far he has learnt 200 words.

⑧how long多久

e.g.：

How long have you lived here?

⑨how many times多少次

e.g.：

How many times has he been to Beijing?

(2)两词组

havegone to去了某地

e.g.：

He has gone to Beijing (去了北京) havebeen to去过某地

He has been to Beijing.(去过北京)

(3)两结构

for two months for +一段时间Jim has lived here for 2 months.

since last year since 3 years ago since 1990since +过去点时间Lucy has been in Beijing since 3 years

ago.

since he came here since +过去时态句子He has been in China since he came

here.

(4).如果句子里面没有时间状语，汉语意思能够加“已经”，往往用现在完成时态。

e.g.：

Have you lost your library book?你已经弄丢了从图书馆借的那本书吗？(5).现在完成时态还常常用于下列句型

They have planted many trees in the last few years.

在过去的几年，他们已经种了很多树。

This is the best book I have ever read.

这是我曾经读过的最好的一本书。

It is the first time I have played the computer games.

这是我第一次玩电脑游戏。

5.在现在完成时中，一次性动词不能和一段时间状语连用

e.g.：

He has bought the book for 3 years.（错）

因buy这个一次性动词不能和一段时间for 3 years连用, 改正的办法有五种：

① He has bought the book.. (去掉一段时间for 3 years)

② He bought the book 3 years ago (改为一般过去时，使句子的意思不变)

③ It’s 3 years since he bought the book.

= 3 years has passed since he bought the book.

（改为固定句型It is ---since---）

④ He has not bought the book for 3 years.（改为否定句）

⑤ He has had the book for 3 years. （用延续性动词have代替buy）

6.还有其他一次性动词也是这种情况，可参照前面的五种办法改正，前四种改法都一

样，第五种改法各不相同，举例如下：

①come/arrive/get to/reach → be here

e.g：I have come here for 3 years.（错）改为：I have been here for 3 years.

②leave/go →be away

e.g.：He has left for 3 hours.（错）改为：He has been away for 3 hours.

③begin/start →be on

e.g.：The film has begun for 3 minutes.（错）改为：The film has been on for 3 minutes.

④open →be open / close → be closed

e.g.：The shop has opened for 3 years.(错) 改为：The shop has been open for 3 years.

⑤die →be dead

e.g.：His father has died for 3 years.(错) 改为：His father has been dead for 3 years.

⑥finish/end→ be over

例：He has finished the work for 3 days.(错) 改为：The work has been over for 3 days

⑦join例：I have joined the army for 3 years.（错）

改为：I have been in the army for 3 years. 或I have been a soldier for

3 years.

⑧buy /catch → have