英美文学知识(四)
英美文学选读知识点整理
会意义、语言风格和艺术手法 6. 西奥多·德莱塞的《嘉莉妹妹》创作思想、艺术特色及其代表作的主题结构、艺术手法和人
1. 美国现代时期文学特征 2. 庞德的主要作品及其内容 3. 罗伯特·弗洛斯特的代表作及其主题结构和艺术特色 4. 菲兹杰拉德《了不起的盖茨比》的主题意义及其象征手法 5. 海明威的主要作品及其内容：《老人与海》、《永别了武
第二章 现代主义时期
The Modern Period
1. 美国浪漫主义时期的文学特点 2. 华盛顿·欧文的文学作品 3. 霍桑代表作《小伙子布朗》中的寓言与象征 4. 惠特曼的创作思想及其代表作的主题结构、人物刻画和社会意义——《白鲸》
1. 现实主义和自然主义的概念 2. 文学特点及现实主义者的倾向 3. 马克·吐温的《哈克贝利费恩历险记》创作思想、艺术特色及其代表作的社会意义、语言风
3. 华兹华斯的主要作品及内容 4. 拜伦《致希腊》的主题并用英语
解释其中句子
1. 华兹华斯的诗歌特点 2. 英文解释华兹华斯《我如行云独自游》中的句子
5. 雪莱《西风颂》的主题并用英语 解释其中句子
6.
1. 维多利亚时期的文学特点 2. 狄更斯的主要作品及内容——critical realist
3. 哈代的代表作及写作特点 4. 夏洛特·布朗特的《简·爱》中简·爱的人物分析
器》、《丧钟为谁而鸣》等 6. 福克纳的主要作品及其内容
第一章:古代与中世纪英国文学
1．<<贝尔武夫>>简介及在英国文学史上的意义。 Beowulf《贝奥武夫》：第一部最古老、最长的较完整的文学作品 2．乔叟及其代表作《坎特伯雷故事集》对英国文学做出的贡献。 The Canterbury Tales《坎特伯雷故事集》小说集，描写了各行各业中的人物形象
文学史知识：英美文学的发展历程和风格特点
文学史知识：英美文学的发展历程和风格特点英美文学是世界文学中最具代表性和影响力的文学分支之一，其发展历程丰富多彩，涌现出了众多经典作品和著名作家。
本文将从英美文学的起源、发展历程和风格特点三方面进行探讨。
一、英美文学的起源英美文学的起源可以追溯到16世纪初的英国文艺复兴时期。
这个时期以威廉·莎士比亚、约翰·密尔顿等伟大的文学大师为代表，充满了浓厚的人文主义气息，并在诗歌、戏剧等方面取得了重要的成就。
同时，英国也开始逐渐拓展海外领土，并在北美洲建立了殖民地。
这些殖民地后来成为了美国，也为发展美国文学提供了契机。
二、英美文学的发展历程1.文艺复兴时期（16世纪）文艺复兴时期是英美文学的起源时期，并载入了英美文学的重要篇章。
这个时期的文学作品大多选材广泛，体裁丰富，涵盖了诗歌、戏剧、小说等多种文学类型。
威廉·莎士比亚、约翰·米尔顿等文学大师的作品也在这个时期诞生。
2. 17世纪17世纪是英美文学发展的关键时期，也是古典主义文学的鼎盛时期。
作家们大多遵循了经典主义的规范，重视形式美，强调自然和理性。
约翰·德莱顿、约翰·洛克、亚当·史密斯等诸多知名学者和作家在这个时期诞生。
3. 18世纪18世纪是英美文学的发展时期，其中美国文学也开始有了独立的发展。
在这个时期，文学作品多呈现出理性和启蒙的特点，也有不同于古典主义的文学形式的兴起。
约翰逊、约翰·厄尔特、本杰明·富兰克林等诸多知名作家在这个时期诞生。
4. 19世纪19世纪是英美文学的黄金时期，代表着浪漫主义和现实主义文学继续发展的阶段。
在这个时期，出现了许多文学巨匠，如奥斯卡·王尔德、查尔斯·狄更斯、纳撒尼尔·霍桑、爱默生等，他们的作品具有深刻的人性关怀，反映了当时的社会变迁和人们内心的真实情感。
5. 20世纪20世纪是英美文学的现代时期，随着世界格局的变化，文学形式和内容都发生了较大变化，体现出更加多元化和自由化的特点。
英美文学知识点
1 English Renaissance period is generally said to have begun in 1798 and ended 1832 with Sir Walter Scott's death .2 William Blake strongly criticized the capitalists' cruel exploitation, saying that the "dark satanic mills left men unemployed ,killed children and forced prostitution."3 William Blake's Marriage of Heaven and Hell makrs his entry into maturity. The "Marriage" means the reconciliation of the contraries, not the subordination of the one to the other.4 the most important contribution William Wordsworth had made is that he was not only started the modern poetry, but also changed the course of English poetry by using ordinary speech of the language and by advocating a return to nature.5 Samuel Taylor Coleridge's achievement as a poet can divided into two remarkably diverse groups: the demonic and the conversational "the Rime of the Ancient Mariner""Kubla Khan""Christabel" belongs to the demonic group.6 Don Juan ,a great comic epic of the early 19th century ,is a poem based on a traditional Spanish legend of a great lover and seducer of women .7 "I fall upon the thorn of life, I bleed"---ode to the west wind8 the Victorian period roughly coincides with the reign of Queen Elizabeth who ruled over England fro 1836 to 1901.9 Charlotte Bronte's first novel is Professor10 most of George Eliot's novels are characterized by two features:moral teaching and psychological realism .11 in George Bernard Shaw's long dramatic career, he wrote 50 plays of a variety of subjects.12 Shaw held that art should serve social purposes by reflecting human life, revealing social contradictions and educating the common people13 Most of Shaw's plays ,termed as problem plays, are concerned with political, economical ,moral or religious problems.14 in John Galsworthy's The Man of Property,it centers on the Soames-Irene-Bosinney triangle.15 Lawrence's poem fall roughly into three categories--satirical and comic poems, poems about human relationships and emotions, and poems about nature.16 James Joyce's first novel is A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man. The main character is Stephen Dedalus.17 Thomas Hardy divided his own novels into 3series, and Tess of the D'Urbervilles is among the novels of character and environment .18 Living at the turn of the century ,Thomas Hardy is often regarded as a transitional writer.19 The Waves is the climax of Virginia Woolf's experiments in novel form , she is a strong advocator of the feminist movement among the 20th century writers.20 E.M.Foster is a novelist but also a novel critic, his famous book on novel criticism is entitled Aspects of the novel .21 Strife斗争was Galsworthy's most important social work,which gives a profound critical portray of bourgeois society .22 as a realist dramatist, George Bernard Shaw is connected with social,economic ,moral and religious problems in his work . The general mood he expresses in his novel is optimism.23 The Mill on the Floss written by George Eliot is large autobiographical in its early chapters. Her first novel Adam Bede is a rural tragedy played out among the non-conformists in country scenes remembered from her childhood.24 Monk is Oliver's half-brother and in order to retain the whole of their fathers property by getting of Oliver.Great Expectation is a satire on the abuse of the court of chancery.In Litter Dorrit, the most vivid scenes are those in debtor's prison, remembered from Charles Dickens' father's stay in Marshalsea.Hard Times is an earnest attack on the vulgarity and materialism of the rising middle class industrialists25 Thackeray's first literary success came with a series of satirical sketches entitled The Snobs of England.26 John Keats's grave bears the epitaph:here lies one whose name is writ in water.转瞬即逝27 in 1805,Wordsworth completed a long autobiographical poem entitled the Prelude.28 it's the publication of Hours of Idleness闲散时光that brought George Gordon Byron fame. He once said "I awoke one morning and found myself famous"29 To Daniel Defoe is often given the credit for the discovery of the modern novel ,but whether or not he deserves that honor remains an open question.30 British novel came of age in 19th century. Modern English Novel arose in the 18th century.31 Henry Fielding's first novel Joseph Andrews intended as a burlesque of Samuel Richardson's novel Pamela.32 Oliver Goldsmith's best comedy is She Stoops to Conquer,which greatly enhances his fame in literature.33 Dr.Primrose is the central character of the novel The Vicar of Wakefield.34 Jonathan Swift's famous work A Tale of a Tub is a satirical dialogue between Ancients and the moderns in the character of the Bee and Spider.35 The poems by Jonne Donne belong to two categories:the youthful love lyrics, and the later scared verses.36 Celestial city is one of the most remarkable passages in John Bunyan's The Pilgrim's Progress.37 the one recurrent theme in the poetry of Cavalier poets during the 17th century is love fancies.38 Satan trick Uriel by disguising himself as a cherub in Paradise Lost. Michael tells Adam about the future. Beezlehub is Satan's second-in-command angel. Milton named Urania as his heavenly muse.39 The Sonnet form, originally Italian, was introduced into English verse by Thomas Wyatt and Surrey.40 the ruler of hero in Dr.Faustus is Lucifer.41 the 15th century country has traditionally been described as the barren age in English literature, there is only one prose writer called Thomas Marlowe, who wrote Morte D'Arthur.42 Cadmon is the first known religious poet of England, He is known as the Father of English Song.43 The Waste Land is 433 lines long and is divided into five sections.44 as a young man in the last decades of the 19th century ,W.B.Yeats began poetic career in the romantic tradition.45 The Love Song of J.Alfred Prufrock is intensely anti-romantic with an evasive sensual atmosphere.46 as a literary figure, John Rivers appears in Bront's Jane Eyre47 Charles Dickens takes the French Revolution as the background of his novel A Tale of TwoCities.Dickens attacks the utilitarian principle that rules over the English educational system and destroys young hearts and minds.48 The hero of Thomas Hardy's The Mayor of Casterbridge is a man of self-sufficiency自负。
英美文学赏析题技巧
英美文学赏析题技巧英美文学赏析题技巧主要包括以下几个方面：1. 了解背景知识：在赏析英美文学作品之前，了解作品的背景知识非常重要。
这包括作者的生平、时代背景、作品的主题和风格等。
这些背景知识有助于更好地理解作品，从而更好地回答赏析题。
2. 分析作品主题：主题是英美文学作品的中心思想，是作者想要传达的主要信息。
在赏析时，要深入分析作品的主题，理解作者的意图和表达的思想。
3. 探讨作品风格：风格是作者在作品中所表现出来的一种独特的语言和写作方式。
在赏析时，要注意分析作品的风格，包括语言特点、修辞手法、叙事方式等。
这有助于更好地理解作者的写作技巧和作品的独特之处。
4. 抓住人物形象：人物形象是英美文学作品中的重要元素，是作者用来表达主题和思想的重要手段。
在赏析时，要抓住作品中的人物形象，理解他们的性格特点、行为表现以及作者塑造他们的意图。
5. 体会作品意义：英美文学作品通常具有深刻的意义和启示。
在赏析时，要深入体会作品的意义，理解作者通过作品所传达的信息和价值观。
6. 分析作品结构：结构是英美文学作品的框架，是作者安排情节和组织素材的方式。
在赏析时，要注意分析作品的结构，理解作者的构思和布局，从而更好地把握作品的脉络和整体感。
7. 注重细节：细节是英美文学作品的灵魂，是作者用来刻画人物、情节和环境的重要手段。
在赏析时，要注重作品中出现的细节描写，理解作者的意图和表达效果。
8. 练习阅读理解：阅读理解是英美文学赏析的基础。
在平时的学习中，要多练习阅读理解，提高自己的阅读能力和分析能力。
这有助于更好地理解作品，从而更好地回答赏析题。
以上是英美文学赏析题的技巧，希望能对您有所帮助。
英美文学欣赏第四版知识点总结
英美文学欣赏第四版知识点总结1.The work that presented,for the first time in English literature,a comprehensive realistic picture of the medieval English society and created a whole gallery of vivid characters from all walks of life is Geoffrey Chaucer’s The Canterbury Tales.首次在英国文学，中世纪英国社会的全面逼真的画面，创造了从各行各业生动的人物整体画廊是杰弗里·乔叟的坎特伯雷故事集。
2. Geoffrey Chaucer is regarded as the father of English poetry.乔叟被看作是英国诗歌之父。
3. The verse form of heroic couplet was introduced into English poetry and employed in the poem with true ease and charm for the first time in the history of English literature by Geoffrey Chaucer.3.英雄对联的诗体被引入英国诗歌和诗与真正的轻松和魅力，第一次在英国文学的杰弗里·乔叟的历史就业。
4. The Canterbury Tales presents a whole gallery of vivid characters,the team of pilgrims,people from all walks of life,including 31 members altogether.4.坎特伯雷故事呈现生动的人物整体画廊，朝圣者的队伍，来自各行各业，其中包括31名成员共有人。
专业英语八级英美文学知识分类模拟题4
专业英语八级英美文学知识分类模拟题4单项选择题1. ______ was the only female American prose writer in the 19th century.A.Emily DickinsonB.Jane AustinC.George EliotD.Harriet Beecher Stowe答案：D美国19世纪唯一的女散文作家是Harriet Beecher Stowe(哈利特·比彻·斯托)。
Emily Dickirson(艾米丽·迪金森)是女诗人。
另外两位是英国女作家。
2. Harriet Beecher Stowe's works mainly focus on ______.A.romanticismB.local colourismC.naturalismD.transcendentalism答案：BHarriet Beecher Stowe(哈利特·比彻·斯托)的作品充满了乡土气息。
3. Which of the following is the masterpiece by Harriet Beecher Stowe?A.Dred: A Tale of the Great Dismal SwampB.Sam Lawson's Fireside Stories'C.Uncle Tom "s CabinD.The Gilded Age答案：CUncle Tom's Cabin(《汤姆叔叔的小屋》)是斯托夫人最出名的作品。
Dred A Tale of the Great DismalSwamp(《德雷德：阴暗大沼地的故事》)和Sam Lawson's Fireside Stories(《山姆·罗森的炉边故事》)也是她的作品，但没有前者有名。
The Gilded Age(《镀金时代》)是Mark Twain(马克·吐温)的作品。
英美文学流派与作家知识点整理
英美文学流派与作家知识点整理英美文学源远流长，在其发展历程中涌现出了众多的文学流派和杰出作家，这些流派和作家的作品不仅反映了当时的社会、文化和历史背景，也展现了人类思想和情感的丰富多样性。
以下是对一些重要的英美文学流派与作家的知识点整理。
一、浪漫主义文学浪漫主义文学兴起于 18 世纪末至 19 世纪初，强调个人情感、想象力和自然的重要性。
（一）英国浪漫主义作家1、威廉·华兹华斯（William Wordsworth）他是英国浪漫主义诗歌的先驱之一，其作品强调对自然的热爱和对普通人生活的关注。
代表作有《抒情歌谣集》（Lyrical Ballads）。
2、塞缪尔·泰勒·柯勒律治（Samuel Taylor Coleridge）他的诗作充满奇幻的想象和神秘的元素，《古舟子咏》（The Rime of the Ancient Mariner）是其经典之作。
3、乔治·戈登·拜伦（George Gordon Byron）拜伦以其奔放的激情和叛逆的精神著称，作品有《唐璜》（Don Juan）等。
4、珀西·比希·雪莱（Percy Bysshe Shelley）雪莱的诗歌富有理想主义和革命精神，《西风颂》（Ode to theWest Wind）广为流传。
（二）美国浪漫主义作家1、华盛顿·欧文（Washington Irving）他的作品具有浓厚的地方色彩和幽默风格，《瑞普·凡·温克尔》（Rip Van Winkle）是其代表作。
2、詹姆斯·费尼莫·库珀（James Fenimore Cooper）以描写边疆生活和印第安人而闻名，《皮袜子故事集》（The Leatherstocking Tales）是其重要作品。
二、现实主义文学现实主义文学在 19 世纪中叶兴起，注重真实地反映社会现实和生活。
（一）英国现实主义作家1、查尔斯·狄更斯（Charles Dickens）狄更斯的作品生动描绘了英国社会底层人民的生活，如《雾都孤儿》（Oliver Twist）、《大卫·科波菲尔》（David Copperfield）。
英美文学重点知识归纳
英美文学重点知识归纳Old En glish: 450-1066Medieval English : 1066 - middle huma nity)<Beowulf > the national epicof the An glo-Sa onsChaucer-thefatherofEn glishpoetry<The Can terbury Tales > first time touse ' heroiccouplet 'The R en aissa nee Period : 14th —mid 17thstarted inItaly 1. 2. 3.series of historical rediscovery of new discoveries the religiousThe Ren aissa nee Huma nismeve nts: ancientRoman &in geography & Greek culture astrology(占星学)reformation & economic expansionrebirth or revivalthe esse nee of the Ren aissa nee, the dig nity ofhuman being & the importa nee of the prese ntlifeBest represe ntatives: Thomas More, Christopher Marlowe, William Shakespeare The Elizabetha n drama: the real mai nstream of En glish Ren aissance14th centuryGeoffrey (wisdom, humorre, Ben Jonson5 quality:sple ndid imag in ati on4）a lofty （高尚的） moral purity and serious ness <The Shepherdes Calender > lament （哀 悼） over the loss of Rosali nd<The FaerieQuee ne>主角：Arthur - who possess 12 virtuesGloria na- the Fairy Quee nThe themeisnot “Arms and the man,” butsomething moreroma ntic — “ Fierce warres andfaithfullloves”READING excerpt from The Faerie Queenef 山后er of En glishdrama Hyperbole （夸张）Most famous dramatists:Christopher Marlowe, William Shakespeathe poets' poet1） a perfect melody2）a rare sense of beauty 3）a5）a dedicated idealismContent:Redcrosse Knightset out on his adve ntures.Christopher Marlowe“ Uni versityWits ”，thepioneSpenserMarlowe's achieveme nt: 1）blankverse无韵诗歌It is Marlowe who brought vitality（活力）and grandeur（伟into the bla nk verse with his “mighty lines , ” which ca rry stro ng emotio ns.2）his creatio n of the Ren aissaneehero for En glish drama.（not strong in dramatic con struetion.）pion eer of En glish drama3 tragedies: <Dr. Faustus > the human passion for kno wledge,power and happ inessvTamburlaine > 帖木耳大play about an ambitious and pitiless overpoweri ng ki ng.<The Jew of Malta ＞马尔他的犹太人non-drama <The Passi on ate Shepherd to His Love> pa storal（田园的）life ，the most beautiful lyrics（抒情诗）READING: 1. excerpt from Dr.Faustus浮士德博士的悲剧A play based on the Germa n legendContent: Faustus is a scholar who has a stro ng desire to acquire kno wledge. By conjurati on（念咒文召唤）he call up Mephistophilis, the Devil 's serva nt. He makea bond（契约） to sell his soul to the Devil in returnfor24 yearsof life in which Mephistophilis to give him everyth ing hedesires. Devil ' s name is Lucifer.Dominant moral is huma n rather tha n religious2. ThePassi on ate(热情的）Shepherd to His Lovethis short poem iscon sidered to be one of the most beautifullyrics （ 抒情诗） inEn glish literature.The shepherd(牧羊人） enjoy an idealcountrylife, cherish ing( 珍爱） a pastoral(田园的）and pure affecti onforhis love. Str ongemoti onis conveyed through the beauty ofn ature.prese nt time)<The Merchant of Venice >, < Twelfth Night > … Tragedy:vRomeo and Juliet > romantictragedy.To praise the faithfu In ess of love and the spirit ofpursuing happ in ess.WilliamShakespeare pla ywright & poet (above all writersin thepastand inthe1. <He nry W >, vRichard2.vRichard n >, <Henry IV >, <Henry V >, <Ki ng Joh n>Comedies: vA MidsummerNight 's Dream>,3. Four tragedies -<Hamlet>, <Othello>, vKing Lear> & <Macbeth>4. tragicomedies : <The Tempest〉Achieveme nt:A. exploring the characters ' s inner mind.soliloquy（独白） or mono logue - fully reveal the inner con flict of the charactersgon trasts - br ing vivid ness to the charactersB. adroit （精巧的）plot con structi onC. Irony is a good means of dramatic presentation. Disguiseis an importa nt device to create dramaticir ony.D. the Ian guage.READING 1. So nnet 18 （14 line）vSonnet 18> eternal or immortal （不朽的）beauty, have a faith in the perma nence of poetryA nice summe r s day is usuallytran sie nt（短暂的）,but the beauty in poetry can last for ever.2.excerpt from The Merchant of Venice<The Merchant of Venice > to praise the frien dship betwee n A ntonioand Bassa nio, to idealize Portia ahero ine of great b eauty, wit and loyalty, to expose the in satiable （不知足的）greed and brutality of theJew.Double plot:(1) Bassa nio ask Antonio for a loa n so that he might marriage with Portia(2) Anton io borrow money from Shylock, the Jewish usurer. S hylock make a strange bond that requiresAntonio to surrendera pound of his flesh if he fail to repay him within acerta in period of time. Portiadisguised as a young lawyer in structed to judge the case: Shylock can take his pound of flesh, but there isno men tio n of blood in the bon d. Otherwise, his lands and goods will be con fiscated( 充公)accord ing tohe law of Veni ce.3. Excerpt from Hamlet<Hamlet> hesitate betwee n fact and ficti on, Ian guage and act ion, too sophisticated （复杂的）to degradehis nature tothe conven tionalrole of a stage revengercontent: Hamlet, the prin ce, appeari ng in a mood of world-w eari ness (厌世) occasi oned by his father 'sdeath and his mother's hasty remarriage with Claudius, his father 's brother. Hamlet is in formed thatClaudius has murdered his father and the n tak en over both his father ' s thr one and widow. Thus Hamlet i surged to seek reve nge.r to die; to suffer or to take acti onby experienee. D ifferent ways adoptedn dati on for moder n scie nee example ofthat genre inEn glishHis Essays is thefirstliterature.Bacon's essaysare famous for their brevity, compact ness & powerfu In ess, well-arra nging and en rich in gby Biblicalallusiofouessayist, lay the and cade nee (韵律).ns （典故），metaphors （隐喻）Fra ncis—philosopher, scie ntist, agin atio nand creatio n,and philosophy to man s reas on.<Novum Organum> written in Latin on methodology 方法论Bacon suggests the in ductive reasoning 归纳法（i.e. proceed ingfrom the particulartothe gen eral) in place of Aristotelia nmethod, the deductive reas oning 法（i.e.proceed ingfrom the gen eral totheparticular)READING: Of Studiesf three to<Of Studies > uses and ben efitsparts: history 演绎 Note: To be, or not to beto live on in this world<The Advancement of Learning> man s understanding consists o man smemory, poetry to man s im of study — studies serve for delight, fororn ame nt, and forability.Studiesperfectn ature, and are perfectedby differe nt people to pursuestudies - studies and experienee are compleme ntary （互补） to each other. The correct attitude to read in gbooks -to weigh and con sider. How studies exert in flue nee over hum an character - read ing maketh a fullma n, conference a ready man, and writi ng an exact man."Metaphysical poetry ” （玄学诗）-break away from love poetry, the diction（用语）i s simple, theimagery is from the actual, the form isfrequently an argument with the poet' s beloved, with God, or withhimself.A）conceits B）syllogism （三段论）Poetry 早期:< The Songs and Sonn ets > holds that the n ature of love is the union of soul and body.晚期:<Holy Sonnets><A Hymn to God the Father> religious poemProse: his serm ons, which are both rich and imag in ativeREADING: 1. The Sun Rising 2. Death, Be Not Proud（ a sonn et,14 lin es）<The Sun Rising > the busy sun is always ready to interfere with other things and everywhereafter the Greek style i n En glish.READING: excerpt from Paradise Lostadow of death. Death on ly lasts a mome nt, our life after death is eternal. The morepleasure the death gives people,not only the pleasure of the rest & the sleep, because 'w hom the godslove die youn g'. Though death is usually con sid ered powerful, it actually provides a rest for a man's bodyand a birthfor his soul.from death.When you are living,you arealways in the shAchieveme nt: 1）the early poetic works 2） the middle prose （散文）3）thelast great poemsElegy （挽歌）-< lycidas >利西达斯 （his early work ） Epic （史诗）-<Paradise Lost > < Paradise Rega in ed> Dramatic poem （诗剧）- <Sams onAgoni stes ＞力士参 John | Milton 孙 the most perfectvDeath,Be Not Proud 〉 whatever you are,you can not escapeexample of the versedramavParadise Lost > the only gen erally ack no wledged epic in Engl ish literature since Beowulf. The conflict isbetween human Iove and spiritual duty. The freedom of the will is the ke ysto ne of Milt on 's creed(纲领).Take from the Old Testame nt, the theme is the “ Fall of Man”：Satan rebel against God and are driven fromHeaven. He determined to revenge by seduce(弓丨诱) Adam and Eve to eat the fruit from the Tree ofKnowledge against God s instructions. So, Adam and Eve are exiled by God from the paradise.The | Neoclassical Period : 1660-1798 with the publicati on of Lyrical ballads by Wordsworth an dColeridge- a revival of in terest in the old classical works,order, logic, restrained emotion(抑制情感)&accuracythe Age of Enlightenment/Reason —the movement was a furth erance of the Ren aissa nee of the 15th a nd 16th cen tries,a progressive in tellectual moveme nt, reas on (ratio nality), equality& scienee (the 18th century)modern English novel - newly rising literary form 现实主义小说诞生(the mid-century )Gothic novel (哥特式小说)- mystery, horror & castles (from middle part to the end of cen tury)John | punyan.REAING: The Vanity Fair 名利 场 an excerpt form The Pilgrim ' s <The Pilgrim's Progress >, a religious as a journeyone of the first to in troduce rati on alismto En gla nd, forhim the supreme value was orderREADING: excerpt fromA n Essay on Criticism （论批评）<AnEssay on Criticism> apoem writte ninheroic couplets(对句），criticizethe prese ntpoem lack oftruetaste& callAlexa nderPope on people to turn to the old Greek and Roman writers forProgress （天路历程）allegory(its purpose is to urge peopleto abide by Christia ndoctri nes and seek salvatio n(拯 救) throughcon sta nt struggleswiththeir ownweaknesses and all kinds ofsocial evils. Its predo minantmetaphor — lifeguida nee, true wit which is bestset in a plain (simple & clear) style.eople, rnacular(thehis Ian guage方言）.first writer study of theis smooth, easy, colloquiala ndREADING: excerpt from Robinson crusoe<Rob inson Crusoe > praise the human laborlower-classand themostlyPuritanvefortitude （清教徒坚韧）.T an adve nture story, Robinson, n arrates how he goes to s ea, gets shipwrecked and maroon ed(放逐)ona Ion ely isla nd, struggles to live for 24-years there and fin ally gets relieved and returns to En gland.T Robinson grew from a na?ve and artless youth into a sh rewd and harde ned man, tempered bynumeroustrials in his ev en tful life.Jon atha n SwiftIn his opi nion, human nature is seriously and permanently f lawed (缺点)Achieveme nt:1)amaster satirist . < A Modest Proposal >vGulliver's Travels >2) one of the greatest of En glish prose, he defi ned a good Europea n life.<The History ofthe Adve nturesof Joseph Andrews … > (约瑟夫•安德鲁）<The History of Jon atha n Wild the Great > （伟大的乔纳森•怀尔德） <The History ofTom Jones, a Foun dling> a masterpiece on the subject ofhuman nature<The History of Amelia > the iun fort un atelife of an idealized woman, a maudlin(伤感的) pictureofthesociallifeat thetime.style. He n arrati onadopted “ thethird-pers ond styleas “ Proper words inproper placesREADING: excerpt from Gulliver ' s Travels （格列佛游记） vGulliver'sTravels > fictionalwork, four partsLilliput,Brobd ingnag,Flyi ng Isla nd& Houyhnhnm（小人国）大人book iscriticismsand 飞岛）one satiresof theof all（有人类理性的马 most effective aspects inand devastat ing thethenEn glishanto write 诗），thefirst to give the moder n structure andHenry | Fielding was the firstno vel its aaREADING: excerpt from Tom JonesBrings the author the name of the “ Prose Home”In a way, Tom and Sophia, stands for a wayfaring（旅行的） Everyma n, who is expelled from the paradisea nd has togo through hard experienee to gain a knowledge of himselfand fin ally to approach perfect ness.SamueJohnson - the author of the firstE nglish dicti onarylby an En glishma n, the last n eoclassiciste nlighte ner.<A Dictionary of the English Language> 英语大词典READING: To the Right Honorable the Earl of Chesterfield<To the Right Hono rable the Earl of Chesterfield > the lette r is writte n in a refined and very politela nguage, with a bitter un dert one of defia nee and an ger. The seem in gly peaceful retrospecti on, reas oningand questio ning express, to thebest satiric effect, the author ' s stro ng in dig nati on at the lord ' s fame-fishing.Sherida n the only importa nt En glish dram of the 18th cen turyatist<The Rivals > and <The School for Scan dal > are regarded as important links between the masterpiecesof Shakespeare and th ose of Ber nard Shaw.READING: excerpt from The School for ScandalA story about two brothers: Joseph Surface and Charles Surface. Charles in love with Maria, Sir PeterTeazle is lovedby Lady Sn eerwell. The lady in stigates（教唆） Joseph to pursue Maria For her Mon ey.Joseph secretly se duce（弓丨诱）Lady Teazle, Sir Peter' s young wife. The play ends with great disgrace forJoseph and Charles wins his loves and the in herita nee of his rich un cle.It is a sharp satire on the moral degeneracy（堕落）of the aristocratic-bourgeois society in the 18th E ngla nd.Thomas Gray|the leader of the sen time ntal（悲情的） poetry of the day ,especially “ The Graveyard School”READING Elegy Writte n in a Cou ntry Churchyard<Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard > reflects on death,the sorrows of life, and the mysteries ofhuma n life with a touch of his personalmelancholy. He sympathized for thepoor and the unknown, butmocks the great ones who despise the poor and bring havoc（破坏）on them.The RomanticPeriod△ Roma ntic emotio n over reason, spontan eous发）emotio n, a cha nge from the outer world of socialcivilizat ion to the inner world of the human spirit, poetry shouldbe free from all rules, imag in ation, n ature,com mon place△ The romantic emphasized the special qualities of each ind ividual ' s mind.△ The romantic period began with : in 1798 the publicationof Wordsworth and Coleridge's vLyricalBallads >end in 1832 with Sir Walter Scott 's death△ two major no velists of the Roma ntic period are Jane Austen （realistic）and Walter Scott （roma ntic）.William Blake poet & engraver（雕刻家）vSongs of Innocence >: a happy and innocent world from child ren's eyevSongs of Experienee > : a war and repressi on with world of misery, poverty, disease, a mela ncholy （忧有E的）tone from men eyes. Childhood, paradoxes, a pairi ng of oppositesvMarriage of Heaven and Hell > marks his entry into maturity2. The Chimney Sweeper (from3. The Tyger (from Songs of Experienee )Robert SoutheyREADING: 1. I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud<The book of Urizen >(先知书)prophetic(预言的) book in his later periodHe presents his view in visual images.Symbolism is also adisti nctive feature of his poetry.READING: 1.The Chimney Sweeper (from Songs of Innocence )Songs of Experienee )the lead ingfigureof theEn glishroma ntic poetry,simple,spontan eous( 自发的）, “ worshipper ofnature ”He definesthe poet as a 'ma n speak ing to men', and poetry as 'the spontan eous overflow of powerfulfeeli ngs, which orig in ates in'emoti on recollected in tranq uillity'.“Lake PoetsWilliam Wordsworth,Samuel Taylor Coleridge &<The Prelude >(序曲)his masterpiece <To a Skylark > <TinternAbbey><I Wan dered Lon ely as a Cloud > the poet is very cheerfulwith recalli ng the beautiful sights. In thepoem on the beauty ofnature, the readeris presented a vivid picture oflively and lovely daffodils （水仙）andpoet's philosophical ideas and mystical thoughts.2. Composed upon Westminster Bridge, September 3, 1802vComposed upon Westminster Bridge, September 3,1802> the sonnet describes a vivid picture of abeautiful morni ng in London, sile nt, bright, glitteri ng（闪烁的），smokeless & mildly （柔和的）. It is sotouch ing a sight that the poet expressed hisreligio n piety （虔诚）for n ature.3. She Dwelt Among theUn troddenWays4. The Solitary Reaper<The Solitary Reaper〉 tha nks to poet's rich imag in ati on, themass of associati ons, this com mon placehappe ning becomes a s triking eve nt, the poet succeeds in making the reader's sha re his emotion. Thepoem also shows the poet's passi on ate lo ve of n ature.Samuel Taylor Coleridge - super natural, remoteWilliam Wordsworth and Coleridge: < Lyrical Ballads >Poet can be divided into two groups - the demonic 恶魔的（super natural） & the con versati onal-The dem onic group in cludes 3 masterpieces: <The Rime of the Ancient Mariner >, < Chrisabel >, < Kubla Khan>老水手之nge territory<Don Juan> （唐璜）READING: 1.Song for the Luddites 克丽斯塔贝尔忽必烈汗Feature: mysticism, dem onism with str ong imag in ati on, a straConversational poem: < Frost at Mid ni ght > < The Nighti ngale READING: Kubla KhanGeorgeByron |'Byronic hero': is a proud, mysterious rebel figure of n obi e orig in, aga inst tyrannical （暴君的）rules ormoral prin ciples. Such a hero appears first in <Childe Harold's Pilgrimage 怀尔德•哈罗德游记（the masterpiece of Byro n, long satirical poem, comic epi c） by make use ofJuan 's adve ntures, to prese nt a pan oramic （全面）view of differe nt types of society.vSong for the Luddites > 'will die fighting,or live free' Byron show his support of the Luddites whodestroyed the mach ines in their protest a gainst un employme nt. The poet's great sympathy of the worker sin their struggle aga inst the capitalists is clearly show n.2. The Isles of Greece (from Don Juan )Shelley1) Lyrics (抒情诗)<The Cloud> <Ode to the West Wind 〉<To a Skylark >云雀 颂 the bird, suspe nded betwee n realitya nd poetic image 2) poetic drama (诗居 U)vPrometheus Un bou nd> 解放了的米罗普修斯 READING: 1. A Song: Men of England <Men of England > It is not only a war cry calling upon allwork ing people of En gla nd to rise up aga in sttheirpoliti<The Isles of Greece> song by a Greeksin ger atthe wedding of Don Jua n and Haidee.'Fillhighthebowl with Samia nwi ne'? Bycon trastingthe fr eedom of an cie nt Greece andthe prese nt en slavement,thepoetappealed to people to struggle for liberty.Percy Bysshecal oppressors, but also an address to point out to themthe in tolerable injusticeof econo micexploitati on.2. Ode to theWest Wind<Ode to theWest Wind 〉 terzarima,destructive-c on structivepote ntial, hopeful, 'I fall upon thethor nsof life!I bleed!','IfWin tercomes, can Spring be farbehi nd?'The author express his eager nessto enjoytheboun dless freedomfrom thereality.<Ode to a Night in gale >, < Ode toPsyche >希腊古瓮颂READING: Ode on a Grecian Urn<Northa nger Abbey 〉<Ma nsfield Park> <Emma> <Persuasi on>4 great odes :< Ode on Melancholy >, < Ode on a Grecia n Urn>,夜莺颂<Ode on a GrecianUrn> the contrastof art and the tra nsie nee （短暂）of 'Heard melodies are sweet, but those 'Beauty is truth,truth beauty'6 no vels: <Se nse and Sen sibility> <Pridebetwee n the perma nence huma npassi on, un heard are sweeter',and Prejudice>JohnAuste n诺桑觉寺蔓斯菲尔德公园T Story of love and marriage provide the major themes in all her no vels.T 3 types of attitudes in pursuit of marriage:A）who would marry for material wealth and social posi tionB）who would marry just for beauty and passi onC）who would marry for true love with a con siderati on of the partner ' s personal merit and hiseconomical andsocial status.T con cer ning 3 or 4 Ian ded gentry families with their daily routi ne life: relatio nships with members of theirow n family and with their frien ds, dancing parties, tea parties, pic n ics, and gossips.READING: excerpt from Pride and prejudice1. Elizabeth Bennet & Darcy : in the end false pride is humbled and prejudice dissolved.2. Colli ns & Charlotte Lucas: see the reality of marriage as a necessary step if a woman is to avoid thewretche dness（不幸）of agingspinsterhood （未婚妇女身份）.3. Lydia & Wickham: show n the dan gers of feckless （不负责任的） relatio nshipsun supported bym oney.4. Mr.Mrs. Benn et, Mr.Colli ns,Lady Catheri ne de Burgh: comicharactersc Mar> shook Periodand •k •k •k GodGeorge list that:1836-1901 moral propriety （规 became the predominant preoccupation. all con cer nedabout the fateoftheCriticalre com mon p<The Origin the traditi onalEliot, of Species > andfaith,everything<The Descent of iscreatedbythe pioneering woman, was astarted putt ing all the acti onsThomas Hardy, that Wessex man who not criticize all sorts of social iniq uities,to questi on and attack the Victoria n thefirstnove■■ I力in sideonly expose butfi nallyconven ti ons and als.Robert Brow ning created the verse novel ,andcame morrevel and study characters 'innerworld （psycho-a nalytical ）y, the daughter Catheri ne)- Heathcliffriters of theVictoria nAgehis works1） child characters 2） horrible and grotesque（可笑的） characters 3） broadly humorous orcomicalcharacters-characterizedby amingling （混合） ofhumor andpathos （悲伤）pathos: little Nell <The Old Curiosity Shop> , little Paul vDombey and Son>Emily, a rather reserved and simple girl, was very much a child of n ature.Charlesone of the greatestcritical realistday,as Oliver asked formore food, he wasse nt towork as an appre ntice and the nran away …Thenovelisfamous for its vivid descripti ons of theworkhouse and lifeof thvOliver Twist > is a boy broughtup in the workhouse.Onee un derworld （下层社会） in 19th Lon don.-Character-portrayal isthe most disti nguish ingfeature of<A Tale of Two Cities > READING: excerptfrom Oliver Twist 雾都孤儿 The Bron teThe Bron te SistersCharlotte, Emily & AnneCharlotte, is a writer of realism comb ined with roma nticism.Her works are famous for the depicti on ofthe life of themiddle-class work ing wome n, particularly governesses （家庭女教师）.READING: 1. excerpt from Jane Eyre by Charlotte Bronte<Ja ne Eyre> 简•爱Jane Eyre, plain little orphan, was sent to Lowood, charity school. There shesuffer a lot and8 years later she left school and became a gover ness at ThornfieldHall. There she falls ini ove with the master,Mr. Rochester.It is no ted for its sharp criticism of the existingsociety, e.g. charity in stitutionsuch as Lowood Schoolsuccessful in troducti on to the Englishnovel the first govern ess heroine,whom represents those middle-class work ingwome n struggli ng for recog nitionof their basic rights andequality as a human being.2. excerpt from Wutheri ng Heights by Emily Bro nte vWutheri ng Heights ＞呼啸山a story about 2 families and an in trud ing( 闯入stranger.The Earnshaw family (Mr. Earnshaw, his wife, the son HindleThe Linton family ( Mr. Linton, his wife son Edgar, daught er Isabellay, the daughter Catheri ne)- Heathcliff。
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人文知识训练英美文学知识（四）91. T. S. Eliot was a leader of the movement in English poetry and a great innovator of verse technique.A. modemistB. symbolistC. aestheticD. critical realistic92. All the following works were written by T. S. Eliot EXCEPT _______.A. The Love Song of J. Alfred PrufrockB. The Waste LandC. Four QuartetsD. To the Lighthouse93. in English literature prevailed during the 1920s and 1930s.A. Critical realismB. ModernismC. Post-modernismD. Experimentalism94. James Joyce is a representative of the "stream of consciousness" school. He wrote all the following worksEXCEPT________.A. DublinersB. UlyssesC. Finnegans WakeD. Mrs. Dalloway95. is Maugham's best-known work which is also regarded as his autobiographical novel.A. The Razor's edgeB. The Moon and SixpenceC. Cakes and AleD. Of Human Bondage96. The following writers all belong to the "Angry Young Man" EXCEPT _______.A. John OsborneB. John GalsworthyC. Alan SillitoeD. Kingsley Amis97. William Golding won the Nobel Prize for literature in 1983 by the novel named _______.A. Lord of the FliesB. The InheritorsC. Darkness VisibleD. Pincher Martin98. is the first novel to reflect proletarian life and psychological transformation.A. Key to the DoorB. Saturday Night and Sunday MorningC. Pincher MartinD. Free Fall99. George Eliot was the pen-name of _______.A Mark Twain B. Mary Anne Evans C. Ellis Bell D. Samuel Langhorne Clemens 100. Philip Larkin was one of the key members of ______.A. "The Movement"B. "the Bloomsbury Group"C. "the Fabian Society"D. "Angry Young Men" 101. The Old Wives' Tale was written byA. Samuel BeckettB. Arnold BennetC. George Bernard ShawD. Arnold Wesker102. is considered to be the most important dramatist after Bernard Shaw.A. Harold PinterB. John Millington SyngeC. John OsbomeD. Arnold Wesker103. Harold Pinter who was awarded the Nobel Prize for his contributions in play wrote aH the following EXCEPT ______.A. The Dumb WaiterB. The CaretakerC. Lady Windermer's FanD. Betrayal104. "John Bull's Other Island" is a play written by ________.A. Henrik IbsenB. George Bernard ShawC. Richard Brinsley SheridanD. William Shakespeare 105. Which poem was not written by Auden?A. For the Time Being.B. The Age of Anxiety.C. Another Time.D. The Waste Land.106. The most important transcendentalist in the 19th century America isA. ThoreauB. EmersonC. HawthorneD. Whitman107. In American literary history, is the first black female poet who published her collection of poems and won the praise of George Washington.A. Anne BradstreetB. Jonathan EdwardsC. Phillis WheatleyD. Emily Dickenson108. The Song of Hiawatha was written by ______.A. Philip FreneauB. John WoolmanC. William DunlapD. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow 109. doesn't belong to the Leather Stocking Tales by Cooper?A. The PioneersB. The Last of the MohicansC. The PathfinderD. The Spy110. Called the "Wordsworth of America", was the founder of the 19th century American romantic poetry.A. Ezra PoundB. Edward Estlin CummingsC. William Cullen BryantD. Edgar Allen Poe 111. All of the following are written by Nathaniel Hawthorne EXCEPT ________.A. FanshaweB. Life in the WoodsC. The Scarlet LetterD. The Blithedale Romance 112. Moby Dick is written by ______.A. Herman MelvilleB. Ernest HemingwayC. Francis Scott FitzgeraldD. John Steinbeck 113. Walt Whitman made great innovation in the form of poetry. The style is called ________.A. alliterationB. sonnetC. free verseD. ode114. Daisy Miller is written by ________.A. William Dean HowellsB. Henry JamesC. Mark TwainD. Hamlin Garland115. The works of all the following writers feature Naturalism EXCEPT _______.A. Frank NorrisB. Stephen CraneC. Jack LondonD. Mark Twain116. Trilogy of Desire includes all the following EXCEPT ________.A. The FinancierB. The TitanC. The StoicD. An American Tragedy117. wins four Pulitzer Prizes and is called the American "unofficial poet laureate".A. Robert FrostB. Ezra PoundC. Emily DickensonD. Langston Hughes118. Which of the following poets draws rich nutrition from Chinese classical poems?A. Pearl S. Buck.B. Ezra Pound.C. Wallace Stevens.D. Jerome David Salinger.119. produces a lot of so-called "visual poems" featuring unique typesetting, broken lines, coinage of words and so on.A. T. S. EliotB. Wystan Hugh AudenC. Edward Estlin CummingsD. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow120. All the following American writers have acquired Nobel Prize of Literature EXCEPT _______.A. Eugene O' NeillB. Sinclair LewisC. Ernest HemingwayD. Francis Scott Fitzgerald。