陶洁《美国文学选读》课后习题详解【圣才出品】
陶洁《美国文学选读》课后习题详解(斯蒂芬 克莱恩)【圣才出品】
第10单元斯蒂芬•克莱恩1. What does the opening sentence imply?Key: It implies the extremely dangerous and hard situation that they are faced with. They can only focus on the sea and do not once take their eyes off the ocean. They have to fight with the ocean with all their strength and attention.2. How does the following outburst contribute to the theme(s) of the story? “If I am going to be drowned - if I am going to be drowned - if I am going to be drowned. why, in the name of the seven mad gods who rule the sea, was I allowed to come thus far and contemplate sand and trees? Was I brought here merely to have my nose dragged away as I was about to nibble the sacred cheese of life? It is preposterous. If this old ninny woman, Fate, cannot do better than this, she should be deprived of the management of men’s fortunes. She is an old hen who knows not her intention. If she has decided to drown me. why did she not do it in the beginning and save me all this trouble. The whole affair is absurd....But, no, she cannot mean to drown me. She dare not drown me. She cannot drown me. Not after all this work.”Key: The following outburst is a desperate one which shows the speaker’s rebellions and resentfulness to the seven gods of sea. He thinks that he would be unfairly treated if he is drowned. Through the story, the struggle between manand the natural world is the most apparent theme. In fact, the speaker knows that nature is powerful and ruthless, and it will not show sympathy nor punish anyone, so, he thinks that he must survive by his own efforts. He must save himself.3. In what way could the survivors be interpreters?Key: The survivors can be interpreters to interpret the relationships between man and nature. They went through the hard struggles with nature, so they would have a better understanding of nature and man.。
陶洁《美国文学选读》课后习题详解(本杰明 富兰克林)【圣才出品】
第1单元本杰明•富兰克林1. Why did Franklin write his Autobiography?Key: Because that when he was young, he has “never had a pleasure in obtaining any anecdotes” of his ancestors, and he held that it was a great pity because he was curious about them. So, he thought that his son would also want to know the story of him and he himself also had responsibility to share it with his son. In addition, he thought that his experiences and success would give some useful advice to his son. With such consideration in mind, Franklin wrote his autobiography.2.What made Franklin decide to leave the brother to whom he had been apprenticed?Key: The altercation between Franklin and his brother made him decide to leave. His brother considered himself as Franklin’s master and treated him harshly and tyrannically. This kind of treatment annoyed Franklin, so he decided to leave.3. How did he arrive in Philadelphia?Key: He arrived in Philadelphia with great difficulties. At the very start, he set out in a boat for Amboy, and in crossing the bay he, along with his companions, met with a squall that tore the rotten sails to pieces and drove him upon Long Island.On approaching the island, they had to drop anchor and swim out their cable towards the shore, etc. In a word, he went through many hardships on the way to Philadelphia.4. What features do you find in the style of the above selection?Key: This selection is written in the form of letters to his son. By this way, it can show the author’s honesty and frankness, which will make the reader stand close to him and actually feel and understand his emotions and experiences. Another feature is that this biography has a good narrative and reads like a story, which can arouse the readers’ reading interest and curiosity.。
陶洁《美国文学选读》(第3版)章节题库-第五章至第六章【圣才出品】
第5单元赫尔曼·梅尔维尔I.Fill in the blanks.1.Herman Melville’s novel_____is a tremendous chronicle of a whaling voyage in pursuit of a seemingly supernatural white whale.【答案】Moby Dick【解析】《白鲸》是一部以捕鲸生涯为题材的小说，一位名叫亚哈（Ahab）的“皮廓德号”（Pequod）捕鲸船船长带领全体船员，追捕一条叫做“莫比·迪克”的大白鲸的历险过程。
2.______is famous for writing stories about the sea and the islands of the Southern Pacific.In his masterpiece______,he tells a story of a whaling voyage within which is set a symbolic account of the conflict between man and his fate.【答案】Herman Melville；Moby Dick【解析】赫尔曼·麦尔维尔因写南太平洋的大海和岛屿的故事而著名。
他的代表作《白鲸》讲述了以人与他自己命运的冲突作为象征的捕鲸航程。
3.______is the narrator in Moby Dick.【答案】Ishmael【解析】以实玛利是小说《白鲸》的叙述者。
4.It is said that in his late years,Herman Melville stopped writing novels and storiesand turned to poetry,______is his most famous poetic work.【答案】Clarel【解析】麦尔维尔发表的小说在当时反响平平，晚年他放弃小说改写诗歌。
陶洁《美国文学选读》课后习题详解(舍伍德 安德森)【圣才出品】
第12单元舍伍德•安德森1. Why did t he narrator’s father treasure up the dead deformed chickens?Key: Because these dead chickens were grotesque and the father thought that the grotesques were valuable and people would like to look at strange and wonderful things. He wanted to make fortune by them.2. What is the narrator’s outlook on life?Key: When the narrator was young, he was greatly influenced by their chicken raising, which made deep impression of disaster on him. He became a gloomy man during his childhood. Although, sometimes, he was so happy that he would show it, he thought that he should not, because that he had been raised on a chicken farm where death was a daily visitor. Throughout the whole story, we can see that the narrator has an optimistic outlook on life.3. What does the egg come to symbolize by the end of the narrative?Key: At the end of the narrative, the father threw an egg to his visitor, and this egg symbolizes the crush of the father’s American Dream. Finally, “he laid the egg gently on the table” symbolizes that he realizes that his dream can never come true, so he gives up.4. How is the egg used to unify the narrative elements?Key: Throughout the story, the narrator tells us two adventures of his father. The first one is raising chickens, which is directly related with the egg. The second adventure is running a restaurant, during which the father is still related with the egg, with which he serves his guests and plays tricks for them. We can say that the father cannot break up with his past once for all. Thus, the egg unites all the narrative elements of the story.。
陶洁《美国文学选读》(第3版)章节题库-第十章至第十四章【圣才出品】
第10单元斯蒂芬·克莱恩I.Fill in the blanks.1.______is the pioneer who wrote in the naturalistic tradition.【答案】Stephen Crane【解析】斯蒂芬·克莱恩（Stephen Crane,1871～1900），是美国著名作家，他是美国自然主义文学的先驱者，其代表作有《街头女郎玛吉》（Maggie:A Girl of the Streets）和《红色英勇勋章》（The Red Badge of Courage）。
2.War in Crane’s novel______is a plain slaughterhouse.There is nothing like valor or heroism on the battlefield,and if there is anything,it is the fear of death, cowardice,the natural instinct of man to run from danger.【答案】The Red Badge of Courage【解析】克莱恩的小说《英勇红色勋章》中战争是就一个屠场，战争中并没有展示战士的勇猛和英雄主义，只是对死亡的恐惧，懦弱和人性中逃离危险的自然本能。
3._____had an evident influence on naturalism.It seemed to stress the animality of man,to suggest that he was dominated by the irresistible forces of evolution.【答案】Darwinism【解析】达尔文主义（Darwinism）对自然主义（Naturalism）影响深远。
达尔文主义强调人的“动物本性”，认为人是由遗传和不可抗拒的外部力量共同支配的。
陶洁《美国文学选读》课后习题详解(厄内斯特 海明威)【圣才出品】
第16单元厄内斯特•海明威1. How do you interpret the irony of the title after reading the story?Key: The title “A Clean, Well-Lighted Place” refers to the café in the story, which is very clean and well-lighted. According to the literal meaning, we can find that the café is very warm and comfortable. People li ke going there. And the old man, in the story, also likes to have drink there. However, the younger waiter in it ruins such kind of quality of the café. He is selfish and impatient. Thinking of his wife waiting for him in bed, he refuses to serve the old man and drives him away. He thought that one hour is more important for him than for the old man. The younger waiter shows no sympathy for the old man at all, and he is very cold-blooded. The clean and well-lighted café and the selfish and cold-hearted waiter form the sharp contrast. Thus, it shows the irony of the title.2. Do you think youth and confidence can help one withstand the metaphorical dark? Why or why not?Key: I don’t think youth and confidence can help one withstand the metaphorical dark. Bec ause the metaphorical dark is rooted in one’s heart that no one can free from it, even cannot remove or ease it. Although, sometimes, youth and confidence bring great hope for young people, and with which they foresee their bright future, they cannot take good advantage of it, because thatthey do not understand life and human beings. As in the story, the young waiter has both youth and confidence, but he cannot understand why the old man wants to suicide, and he also cannot anticipate his own future by the old man’s situation. He has no idea that youth is not permanent, and all people will be faced with the universal nada. So, he shows no sympathy for the old man and is impatient to him. His youth and confidence do not contribute to withstanding his metaphorical dark.3. The older waiter said to the younger waiter: “We are of two different kinds.” In what way do you think they are different?Key: They are different in many ways. Firstly, they are at different ages: one is younger and the other is in his middle age. Secondly, they have different life experiences and different understandings of life and people. The middle-aged waiter has went through much more than the younger waiter, and he has a better understanding of life and people, so he can understand more about the old man and his situation. Thus, thirdly, they have different personalities and have different attitudes towards the old man. The elder waiter is kind-hearted and sympathetic. He shows great sympathy for the old man, while the younger waiter is very selfish and he is very impatient to the old man and drives him away from the café. Last, they have different attitudes towards nada. The elder waiter has realized that it is impossible to avoid nada in one’s whole life, and the only thing that he can do is to keep cleanness in his mind and heart. So, he is willing to worklate for the lonely old man and help those who suffer from nada. On the contrary, the younger waiter has not realized nada in his heart, thus he uselessly cherishes his blind confidence.。
陶洁《美国文学选读》笔记和课后习题（含考研真题）详解（斯蒂芬克莱恩）【圣才出品】
陶洁《美国⽂学选读》笔记和课后习题（含考研真题）详解（斯蒂芬克莱恩）【圣才出品】第10单元斯蒂芬?克莱恩10.1 复习笔记I. Introduction to author（作者简介）1. Life（⽣平）Stephen Crane was an American novelist, short story writer, poet and journalist. Prolific throughout his short life, he wrote notable works in the Realist tradition as well as early examples of American Naturalism and Impressionism. He is recognized by modern critics as one of the most innovative writers of his generation.斯蒂芬·克莱恩是美国⼩说家、短篇⼩说家、诗⼈、记者。
他在短暂的⼀⽣中著作颇丰，在现实主义传统下写了许多著名作品，也成为美国⾃然主义和印象主义的早期范例。
他被当代批评家认为是同时代最具有创意的作家。
2. Major Works（主要作品）Maggie: A Girl of the Street (1893) 《街头⼥郎麦姬》The Red Badge of Courage (1895) 《红⾊英勇勋章》“The Open Boat” (1897) 《海上扁⾈》The Bride Comes to Yellow Sky (1898)《新娘来到黄天镇》The Blue Hotel (1898) 《蓝⾊旅店》Ⅱ. Selected works（选读作品）◆The Open Boat《海上扁⾈》This story is based on Crane’s personal experiences. While traveling to Cuba to work as a newspaper correspondent during the Cuban insurrection against Spain, Crane was stranded at sea after his ship the Commodore sank off the coast of Florida. Stephen Crane and three others endured the rage of the sea for thirty hours. Billy Higgins a friend of Cranes drowned while swimming to shore. This realistic story of their life-threatening ordeal captures the emotions of four men in a fight against nature.Th e most significant aspect of this struggle lies in the men’s attempts to help one another survive when they are confronted with danger and disaster.故事取材于克莱恩真实的个⼈经历。
陶洁《美国文学选读》(第2版)笔记和课后习题详解-第1~13单元【圣才出品】
第1单元本杰明•富兰克林1.1 复习笔记I. Introduction to author（作者简介）Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790) was a rare genius in human history. He became everything: a printer, postmaster, almanac maker, essayist, scientist, inventor, orator, statesman, philosopher, political economist, ambassador,—“Jack of all trades.”富兰克林是人类历史上少有的天才。
他是出版家、邮政总长、历书作者、散文家、科学家、发明家、演说家、政治家、哲学家、政治经济学家、大使、业务员等等。
1. Life（生平）He was born into a poor family. He was a voracious reader. At 16 he published essays under the pseudonym Silence Do good. At 17 he ran away to Philadelphia to make his own fortune. He became a printer. He helped found the Pennsylvania Hospital, an academy which led to the University of Pennsylvania, and the American Philosophical Society. He was a preeminent scientist of his day. He signed the Declaration of Independence. He was one of the makers of the new nation.富兰克林出生于一个贫穷的家庭。
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第1单元本杰明•富兰克林1.Why did Franklin write his Autobiography?Key:Because that when he was young,he has“never had a pleasure in obtaining any anecdotes”of his ancestors,and he held that it was a great pity because he was curious about them.So,he thought that his son would also want to know the story of him and he himself also had responsibility to share it with his son.In addition,he thought that his experiences and success would give some useful advice to his son.With such consideration in mind,Franklin wrote his autobiography.2.what made Franklin decide to leave the brother to whom he had been apprenticed?Key:The altercation between Franklin and his brother made him decide to leave. His brother considered himself as Franklin’s master and treated him harshly and tyrannically.This kind of treatment annoyed Franklin,so he decided to leave.3.How did he arrive in Philadelphia?Key:He arrived in Philadelphia with great difficulties.At the very start,he set out in a boat for Amboy,and in crossing the bay he,along with his companions,met with a squall that tore the rotten sails to pieces and drove him upon Long Island. On approaching the island,they had to drop anchor and swim out their cabletowards the shore,etc.In a word,he went through many hardships on the way to Philadelphia.4.What features do you find in the style of the above selection?Key:This selection is written in the form of letters to his son.By this way,it can show the author’s honesty and frankness,which will make the reader stand close to him and actually feel and understand his emotions and experiences.Another feature is that this biography has a good narrative and reads like a story,which can arouse the readers’reading interest and curiosity.第2单元埃德加•爱伦•坡1.Who is the narrator?What wrong does he want to redress?Key:Montresor is the narrator.He had borne thousands of injuries of Fortunato as best he could,and he decides to take revenge on him.He must not only punish Fortunato but with impunity.2.What is the pretext he uses to lure Fortunato to his wine cellar?Key:He said to Fortunato that he got a pipe of Amontillado,and he was doubt about it,so he wanted someone to make sure for him.At the same time,he deliberately showed his doubts about Fortunato’s connoisseurship in wine and cared about his health,which firmed Fortunato’s decision to go with him to his wine cellar.3.What happens to Fortunato in the end?Key:He was locked in the cellar by Montresor,and can only wait for death.4.Describe briefly how Poe characterizes Montresor and Forcunato as contrasts？Key:Poe characterizes the two characters with striking contrasts between them in many aspects.Firstly,their names are endowed with opposite symbolic meanings: Montresor symbolizes“monstrous”,while Fortunato symbolizes“fortunate”. Montresor is the devil in the story,and Fortunato is fortunate through his life andmakes great fortune,but finally,he ends in a very unfortunate way,which is very ironical.Secondly,their clothes are very different:Fotrtunato“wore motley”, while Montresor put on“a mask of black silk”and drew“a roquelaire”closely about his st,their psychological activities and consciousness are in contrast:Montresor knows clearly what is going on and what will happen,while Fortunato is always kept in the dark till the end.第3单元拉尔夫•华尔多•爱默生1.What is the author’s attitude towards charity?Why does he hold such an attitude?Key:The author thinks that not all charity is good,especially when malice and vanity wear the coat of philanthropy.And it is not his obligation to give money to the poor.What’s more,he feels shameful when sometimes he succumbs and gives the dollar,and it is a wicked dollar.He objects to the charity.Because he thinks that people’s good actions,such as doing charity,are done as an apology or extenuation of their living in the world.However,he holds that people should not wish to expiate,but to live.2.According to the author,what do most people believe to be virtue?And what is real virtue?Key:Most people believe that virtues are rather the exception than the rule,and they are penances.The real virtue is the rule that people must do what concerns them rather than what the people think.3.Why does the author dislike“consistency”?Do you agree with him?Do you think that people should give up consistency?Key:Because that consistency scares us from self-trust,and makes us less confident.It also makes us have a reverence for our past act or word because theeyes of others have no other data for computing our orbit than our past acts,and we are loath to disappoint them.What’s more,a foolish consistency is the hobgoblin of little minds,adored by little statesmen and philosophers and divines.And with consistency a great soul has simply nothing to do.It will ruin a man’s creativity.I cannot totally agree with him.Although I confess that there are some positive meanings in his proposal,I cannot neglect the positive aspects of consistency.Because that we sometimes need consistency to restrict people’s behaviors.For example,nature has its own law that we must follow,or we will violate the order of it.In my mind,whether people should give up consistency or not depends on the specific situation.That is,Keeping it firmly or giving it up is not wise choice. We should treat it case-by-case.4.What is the agreement of one’s actions?Why is it important for people? Key:The agreement of one’s actions is that the actions will be harmonious,no matter how unlike they seem.Because only with this agreement,can people be each honest and natural in their hour.Conformity explains nothing,and people’s genuine action will explain itself and their other genuine actions.So,it is important for people.。