2019年10月自考《农业生态基础》预测试题(2)
2019年10月自考模拟试题及答案(英语二)
2019年10月自考模拟试题及答案(英语二)2019年10月自考英语二模拟试题XXXXXX, but few people know the history ofholiday shopping. While people have heard of Black Friday, most do not know XXX is the day after Thanksgiving（感恩节）. On this day most XXX －some as early as 4 am. In addition, XXX. With this in mind, it is clear to see why so many shoppers buy many of their XXX.Black Friday is not as old as many people think. In fact, it is believed that the first Black Fridaywas held in the 1970s in the USA. It was a day when XXX customers, XXX well. This large success resulted in the name Black Friday. It was so named because thestores were "in the black". This financial term means the stores made a lot of money. However, itwas not until around 2002 that Black XXX. Today in the USA,countless XXX.Black Friday is a day when many shoppers in the USA go out and buy gifts, even thoughChristmas Eve is still a more popular day to shop. Thanks to the Internet, it is now possible to XXXonline. So if you don't want to get to the stores by 4 am, this isthe perfect way to still get items at reduced prices.1.Many people know the history of Black Friday.A．TrueB．FalseC．Not Given2.Most stores open their doors for business very early on Black Friday.A．TrueB．FalseC．Not Given3.XXX get better service on Black Friday.A．TrueB．FalseC．Not Given4.XXX USA.A．TrueB．FalseC．Not Given5.XXX XXX.A．TrueB．FalseC．Not Given6."In the black" is a financial term.A．TrueB．FalseC．Not Given7.XXX.A．TrueB．FalseC．Not Given8.People like to shop online on Christmas Eve. A．TrueB．FalseC．Not Given9.It is possible to get Black Friday discount online. A．TrueB．FalseC．Not Given10.Things XXX 4 am.A．TrueB．FalseC．Not Given第二局部：浏览挑选XXX（巴西）and SwitzerlandMoving to a different city may seem difficult. You have to change schools and get used to yournew home. But you can always go back to that city to visit. When you move to another country,things are different. However, difficult as it may be, the experience can be rewarding.My dad, a XXX, is really funny and can make XXX, a Swiss, is XXX and a bit shy. She likes to be organized, XXX, but my dad always wants to go out. Swiss and Brazilian－what a mix!After my parents got married, XXX. There they had my brother and me.When I was two, we moved to XXX every year.Many people ask me where I prefer to live: Brazil or Switzerland. It's really hard to answerbecause XXX is a big country, with many states and people. There aremultiple dialects and many types of foods. People here have beautiful smiles and are alwayshappy，even if they are poor. In the south the climate iscool, but in the north it's hot and humid.Switzerland, on the other hand, is small but beautiful and clean. There are four XXX country. People there are very different from Brazilians: they are wealthy, independent, andorganized. The food is delicious, and of course, the famous Swiss chocolate is great, and theclimate is dry and cool.XXX, it's pleasant, calm, XXX there very much. But now I am happy here in Brazil. I XXX.11.The author's parents_____.A．share similar interestsB．have different jobsC．have different personalitiesD．XXX12.When the author was a child, the family used to_____.A．have many good friendsB．move between the two countriesC．speak two dialectsD．visit Brazil from time to time13.XXX author thinks Brazilians are_____.A．organizedB．independentC．indifferentD．optimistic14.According to the text, Switzerland_____.A．is famous for its chocolateB．has many big citiesC．has a lot in common with BrazilD．is hot and humid15.According to the author, living in two different cultures is a(n)_____.A．appealing ideaB．difficult decisionC．XXX choiceD．XXX第三部分：概括段落大意和补全句子XXX Intelligence1．You may have heard people mention "IQ" when talking about how smart someone is. IQ standsfor "intelligence quotient （智商）". It can help predict XXX．IQ is just one measure of our abilities. There are many other kinds of XXX,spatial（空间的）intelligence is the ability to think in 3D. Musical XXX intelligence.3．Another XXX intelligence (EQ forshort) is the ability to understand, use, and manage our emotions. Just as a high IQ can predict toptest scores, a high EQ can predict success in social and emotional XXX helps us buildstrong relationships, make good decisions, XXX.4．One way to think about EQ is that it is part of being people-smart. Understanding and gettingalong with people help us XXX, XXX ismore important than IQ when it comes to doing well in school or being successful at work.5．Some people are born with good EQ skills; others need to work on them. Everyone XXX if they know what to do. Being able to XXX emotions helps us manage our own emotions. It also helps XXX.16.Paragraph 1_2_3_4_5A．Kinds of intelligenceB．Definition of IQC．Importance of EQD．Definition of EQE．Development of EQ studiesXXX skills第四部分：填句补文XXX Princess DiseaseHave you ever heard of the princess disease? It is a terrible disease.（26）_____It wastes away atone’s social life and people’s tolerance. People with this disease think they are better XXX else, without a real reason.XXX.（27）_____She thinks she is better looking than herfriends and most people she has met. It is, as far as she is concerned, a well-XXX, sings better, and dances better than most people in her school, too.So is XXX that she is better than everyone else?（28）_____Of course, shethinks this is because the singing coach hates her, since the coach has bad skin and is jealous ofher. She is good at sports, but she isn't the strongest, fastest, or even the best at any of XXX.（29）_____She, again, thinks it was because of the "haters". After losing, shepretended she'd just run for fun and it was no big deal, but in fact it was a huge deal to her.Jin definitely has the disease. The treatment is to stop being so mean and get a little modesty.（30）_____She might even get rid of this disease if XXX.26._____ 27._____ 28._____ 9._____30._____A．She is too proud of herself.B．Jin is very popular.C．XXX.D．She sings well, but not well enough to be a lead singer.XXX.F．She ran for class president, XXX.第五局部：填词补文People Use Technology More, Sleep LessXXX, gamingXXX（31）_____that British people use XXX 20 XXX for eight hours and 41minutes a day. They（32）_____for an average of eight hours and 21 minutes. One of the biggest（33）_____for this is wi-fi. People can get online almost （34）_____. Many people maketelephone calls or surf the web while watching TV. TV is still the most（35）_____activity.The study XXX（36）_____age groups. It found that six-year-XXX （37）_____as 45-year-olds. Another（38）_____XXX most when they are 14 or 15. A doctor said technologyis（39）_____the way people communicate with each other. He said we are moving（40）_____fromface-to-XXX.31._____A．changingB．reasonsC．popularD．foundE．XXXF．downG．findingH．levelI．differentXXXK．outdoorL．sleep第六部分：完形补文Be GratefulXXX, your job is about XXX better. We have all（41）_____(have) experiences XXX（42）_____ (work) in theirjob has lifted us up and made a（43）_____(different) to our day or brought us down and made ourday worse. We have all met（44）_____ (real) wonderful people cleaning floors. We have also metpeople who are not so wonderful but have（45）_____ (amaze)jobs. So whatever you do, XXX't mean you have to stay in a job you don't like, but it（46）_____(help) XXX. You may not like your job, but you can enjoy being with your（47）_____(colleague). This is something to be（48）_____ (thank) for. When you practise（49）_____(grateful), it allows you to XXX （50）_____(happy) at yourwork.第七局部：漫笔写作51.假设你的美国朋友XXX要去你的家乡旅游，请给他写一封电子邮件，告诉他：近期的天气状况；需要注意的事项；你等候与他晤面。
2019年成考专升本《生态学基础》试题及答案(二)
2019年成考专升本《生态学基础》试题及答案（二）一、选择题：1～20小题，每小题2分。
共40分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中，选出一项最符合题目要求的。
1.通过对水生生态系统的研究，提出著名“十分之一”定律的生态学家是()A.奥德姆B.林德曼C.谢尔福德D.克列门茨参考答案：B2.下列概念中，由英国植物学家坦斯利首次提出的是()A.生物种群B.生物群落C.生态系统D.生物多样性参考答案：C3.下列选项中，不属于经典生态学研究内容的是()A.个体生态B.种群生态C.群落生态D.分子生态参考答案：D4.影响陆地植物群落地理分布的两个最主要的气候因子是()A.温度和降水B.光照和温度C.降水和风D.光照和风参考答案：A5.下列因素中，属于我国新疆地区葡萄普遍较甜最主要原因的是()A.日照时间短B.紫外线强C.昼夜温差大D.降水多参考答案：C6.下列关于阴性植物特点的叙述中，正确的是()A.在强光照条件下生长良好，光补偿点较高B.在强光照条件下生长良好，光补偿点较低C.在弱光照条件下生长良好，光补偿点较高D.在弱光照条件下生长良好，光补偿点较低参考答案：D7.根据逻辑斯谛种群增长模型，当N=K/2时，种群的()A.数量最小B.数量最大C.瞬时增长量最小D.瞬时增长量最大参考答案：D8.虫媒植物与其传粉昆虫的关系属于()A.互利共生B.偏利共生C.捕食关系D.寄生关系参考答案：A9.种群的生态出生率是指()A.生理出生率B.最大出生率C.实际出生率D.理论出生率参考答案：C10.某一种群的年龄锥体呈上窄下宽的金字塔形状，该种群年龄结构属于()A.衰退型B.增长型C.稳定型D.混合型参考答案：B11.反映植物种在群落中分布均匀程度的指标是()A.盖度B.多度C.频度D.高度参考答案：C12.群落的垂直结构指的是()A.镶嵌B.成层现象C.季相D.群落交错区参考答案：B13.按照饶基耶尔的生活型分类体系，银杏属于()A.隐芽植物B.地面芽植物C.一年生植物D.高位芽植物参考答案：D14.起始于裸岩的旱生演替系列的先锋群落是()A.地衣群落B.苔藓群落C.草本群落D.灌木群落参考答案：A15.食物链“草一兔一鹰”中的鹰处于()A.第一营养级B.第二营养级C.第三营养级D.第四营养级参考答案：C16.下列不用于初级生产力测定的方法是()A.收获量测定法B.二氧化碳测定法C.黑白瓶法D.标志重捕法参考答案：D17.下列环境问题中，由大气中二氧化碳浓度升高引起的是()A.温室效应加剧B.臭氧层破坏C.重金属污染D.水体富营养化参考答案：A18.某一时刻单位面积上积存的有机物质的总量称为()A.周转率B.生物量C.生产量D.生产力参考答案：B19.下列属于湿地生态系统的是()A.沼泽B.深海C.沙漠D.果园参考答案：A20.1992年在巴西里约热内卢召开的世界环境与发展大会上，许多国家共同签署了()A.《京都议定书》B.《濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约》C.《湿地公约》D.《生物多样性保护公约》参考答案：D二、填空题：21-40小题，每小题2分，共40分。
2019年自考《农业经济学》复习题：多选80题
2019年自考《农业经济学》复习题：多选80题多选题：1、影响农产品需求弹性的因素有( BCDE )A、农产品生产周期的长短B、在消费者预算中的比重大小C、农产品用途的广泛水准D、农产品的必需水准E、工业对农产品的依赖水准2、属于WTO农业协议中“黄箱”政策的有( AE )A、按产品种植面积补贴B、食物安全储备C、为环境保护提供的补贴D、不挂钩收入支持E、价格支持3、国际合作社联盟第31届代表大会通过的合作社曼彻斯特原则中有( ADE )A、关心社区B、一人一票制C、现金交易D、按社员购买额分配红利原则E、对政治和宗教保守中立原则4、影响农产品需求的因素有( BDE )A、农业生产要素的价格B、该农产品的价格C、生产者对未来价格的预期D、替代品、互补品的价格E、消费者的收入水平5、影响农产品供给弹性的因素有( AC )A、农产品生产规模变化的难易水准B、农产品用途的广泛水准C、农产品价格变动影响期的长短D、农产品的可替代水准E、农产品的必需水准6、罗虚代尔公平先锋社(1844年)制定的合作社8原则中有( ABC )A、自愿互利原则B、一人一票制C、按社员购买额分配红利原则D、出售商品分内部价和市场价E、如实介绍商品 E7、如果小麦的需求弹性是0.10，那么说明( AB )A、小麦价格每上涨1%，则人们对小麦的需求量就下降0.10%;B、小麦价格每下降1%，则人们对小麦的需求量就增加0.10%;C、小麦价格每上涨1元，则人们对小麦的需求量就上升10%;D、小麦价格每上涨1元，则人们对小麦的需求量就下降10%;E、小麦价格每上涨0.10%，则人们对小麦的需求量就下降1%;8、下述关于农业劳动力转移的理论观点，来自于拉文斯坦的推拉理论。
( BC )A、促使劳动力流入城市的，是预期的城乡收入差异B、原住地缺少工作机会，农作物收成不好，社会关系不和，居住环境恶劣，是推动农业劳动力转移的重要因素。
C、迁入地公共设施好，气候好，收入高，文化氛围好等，是拉动农业劳动力转移的重要因素。
成人高考专升本生态学基础考试预测题及答案(一)
成人高考专升本生态学基础考试预测题及答案（一）一、选择题：1～20小题。
每小题2分。
共40分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中。
选出一项更符合题目要求的。
第1题生物群落的概念最早是由__________提出的。
（）A．谢尔福德B．达尔文C．奥德姆D．莫比乌斯【正确答案】：D第2题农田作物的生长和土壤养分之间有着密切的关系，其产量往往受土壤中供应最不足的营养元素所制约。
这是（）。
A．李比希更低率B．谢尔福德耐性定律C．阿伦法则D．贝格曼法则【正确答案】：A第3题在单向风的影响下，树木对风适应的明显特征是（）。
A．矮化B．顶冠C．根不发达D．旗冠【正确答案】：D第4题在对某生物群落调查中，共调查了100个样方，某物种出现在80个样方中，则80％指的是该物种在该群落中的（）。
A．盖度B．频度C．密度D．重要值【正确答案】：B第5题下列群落中，植物物种组成最简单的是（）。
A．常绿阔叶林B．落叶阔叶林C．热带雨林D．荒漠生物群落【正确答案】：D第6题当光合作用强度因光照不足而下降时，增加二氧化碳可在一定程度上减小其下降幅度，这表明生态因子的作用具有（）。
A．阶段性B．限制性C．补偿性D．不可替代性【正确答案】：C第7题影响冬小麦春化的主导因子是（）。
A．光照B．水分C．温度D．氧气【正确答案】：C第8题当两个生物利用的同一资源或共同占有的其他环境变化时，就会出现（）。
A．生态位重叠B．生态位分离C．生态位压缩D．生态位移动【正确答案】：A第9题群落与环境的关系为（）。
A．环境促成群落的形成B．群落造成了环境C．相互影响和制约D．无关【正确答案】：C第10题虫媒植物与其传粉昆虫之间的关系是（）。
A．寄生B．共生C．捕食D．竞争【正确答案】：B第11题一片农田弃耕后，依次被杂草、灌丛乃至森林替代的过程属于（）。
A．原生演替B．次生演替C．逆行演替D．水生演替【正确答案】：B第12题下列食物链中，属于典型捕食食物链的是（）。
全国高等教育自学考试(农业生态基础) (2)
全国高等教育自学考试农业生态基础试题一、单项选择题（本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分）在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。
错选、多选或未选均无分。
1．最早将生态学定义为研究有机体和其环境相互关系的科学的科学家是（）A．A·G·Tansley（坦斯列）B．C·Darwin（达尔文）C．E·P·Odum（奥德姆）D．H·HaecKel（海克尔）2．农业生态系统的组份比自然生态系统增加了（）A．动物B．人类C．植物D．微生物3．现代农业发达的国家，其农业的共同特点是（）A．单产高B．商品生产发达C．能量产投比高D．开放性低4．马——马蛔虫——原生动物属于（）A．捕食食物链B．腐食食物链C．混合食物链D．寄生食物链5．稻田养鱼、养鸭，这种现象属于食物链加环的（）A．复合环B．减耗环C．生产环D．增益环6．早春和冬季采用塑料大棚、小弓棚栽培蔬菜，采用保鲜贮藏保存鲜果等，这属于农业结构的时间结构类型中的（）A．人工设施型B．种群嵌合型C．种群密集型D．温度种植型7．铁芒萁、茶树都属于（）A．酸性土植物B．碱性土植物C．水生植物D．湿生植物8．沉积型循环的主要贮存库是（）A．大气圈B．水圈C．岩石圈D．生物圈9．水生生物能量转化效率高的原因是（）A．摄食量大B．排泄量少C．摄食量少D．呼吸量低10．群落的成层性是指（）A．植物在季节上的变化规律B．群落中植物按高度的垂直配置C．植物的演替变化规律D．群落中光、温条件的垂直变化规律11．关于生物群落的说法下列正确的是（）A．生物群落是一个结构单位B．生物群落既受环境影响，又反过来影响和改造环境C．生物群落只是一个功能单位D．生物群落不是一个功能单位12．生物种内个体在其生存环境空间中的配置方式，称为（）A．种群生态B．种群密度C．种群空间分布格局D．种群空间位置13．地衣中藻类与真菌的结合属于种间关系的（）A．原始协作B．互利共生C．寄生D．中性作用14．仙人掌的叶退化为刺状，贮水组织发达，属于种群适应的（）A．形态适用B．生理适应C．行为适应D．密度适应15．生态因子与环境之间的相互影响和作用称为（）A．同化力B．生态作用C．互动D．刺激作用16．同种生物的不同个体群，经自然选择而分化形成的生态、形态和生理特性不同的基因型类群，称为（）A．生活型B．生态型C．生态位D．生理型17．农业上利用汞灯诱杀害虫，是利用光谱中的（）A．红光B．蓝光C．红外线D．紫外线18．在农业资源分类中天然气属于（）A．可更新资源B．可回收资源C．社会资源D．不可回收资源19．提高土壤自净能力，减轻土壤污染的有效措施是（）A．提高氮、磷、钾肥的施用比例B．控制氮肥的施用，增施磷、钾肥C．增施有机肥D．不施用化肥20．中国生态农业具有的特点是（）A．劳动与技术密集B．化石能投入程度高C．规模大投入少D．投入低效益高二、多项选择题(本大题共5小题，每小题2分，共10分)在每小题列出的五个备选项中有二个至五个是符合题目要求的，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。
2019年成人高考《生态学基础》真题及答案
A.强光下生长良好
B.弱光下生长良好
C.强光下生长不好
D.荫蔽有着密切的关系，其产量往往受土
壤中供应最不足的营养元素所制约。这是( )
A.李比希最低率 B.谢尔福德耐性定律 C.阿伦法则 D.贝格曼法则
4.下列属于人工辅助能的是( )
A.种苗和有机肥料中的化学潜能 B.风 C.潮汐能 D.太阳能
第二部分 非选择题(110 分)
二、填空题：21～40 小题，每小题 2 分，共 40 分。 21.元素和化合物沿着特定的途径从环境到生物体，再从生物体到环 境，不断地进行着反复循环变化的过程叫____________。 22.形成生物群落的经度地带性的主要原因是____________。 23.____________是指生态系统中一定空间内的生物在一定时间内所 生产的有机物质积累的速率。 24. 根 据 生 长 环 境 中 水 的 深 浅 不 同 ， 水 生 植 物 可 分 为 沉 水 植 物 、 ____________和挺水植物三种。 25.地球上两个最大的碳储存库为岩石圈和____________。 26.按形成的主导因素，隐地带冷性土壤可分为水成土壤、盐成土壤 和____________。 27.死亡率代表一个种群的____________。 28.食物链是指在生态系统中，生物间通过取食与____________关系 联结起来的链索结构。 29. 生 态 学 的 主 要 研 究 方 法 包 括 野 外 调 查 研 究 、 实 验 室 研 究 和 ____________。 30.当前，世界所面临的重大环境问题的中心问题是____________。 31.生物的种间关系主要有____________、捕食、共生、寄生等几种。 32.三基点温度包括最低温度、____________和最高温度。 33.种群的分布型一般可分为__________、随机型和成群型三种类型。 34.耗散结构是指在远离____________下，系统可能出现的一种稳定 的有序结构。 35.生态系统的三个基本功能是能量流动、物质循环和____________。 36.最后产量恒值法则 Y=W·d 中，d 的含义是____________。 37.生物问彼此有利，分开后不能生活，这种关系称____________。
2019年10月自考英语(二)真题及答案
2019年10月自考英语（二）真题及答案完形填空Learning From Mistakes Lots of people dare not make mistakes (mistake). T hey fear they will be laughed at or【C1】________ (blame) by others. They fear they will lose their money and【C2】________(belonging) or be under heavy stress. But risks are【C3】________ (possible) to avoid and they do pave the way towards success. Ha ve you ever【C4】________ (hear) of anyone who achieves success without making any mista kes? So it is only【C5】________(nature) that making mistakes should be considered a must. You s houldn' t worry about that as you【C6】________(probable) get lots of advantages out of your mistakes. By making mistakes, you can at least distinguish between the correct and the【C7】________(correct) parts of what you did. Robert Stevenson once said: " Our business in life is not to be【C8】________ (success) , but to continue to fail in good spirits. You needn' t wor ry about anything as long as you keep on going by【C9】________(wise) learning from your mistakes and【C10】________ (try) even harder.【正确答案】1.【C1】【正确答案】blamed2.【C2】【正确答案】belongings3.【C3】【正确答案】impossible4.【C4】【正确答案】heard5.【C5】【正确答案】natural6.【C6】【正确答案】probably7.【C7】【正确答案】incorrect8.【C8】【正确答案】successful9.【C9】【正确答案】wisely10.【C10】【正确答案】trying阅读判断To Lease(租赁) or Not to Lease Planning to lease a car because you don’t think you can afford to buy? Think again. Leasing can end up being just as expensive as buying. Most people think about leasing because they believe it will cost them less money. They're right-it is cheaper, but only in the short term. For example, if you were to lease a new Subaru Forester, you might pay $300 per month for the car. If you wer e to buy the same car, you would pay about $400 per month. Over a three-year, you would save $3600-a big savings. But after your lease is over, you have to give the car back. Ma ny people want to lease because they can drive a more expensive car than t hey might otherwise be able to afford. For example, if you spend $300 mon thly on a car, you might be able to lease a new Ford Explorer. For the same price, you might have to buy a used Explorer, or buy a new but much less ex pensive model. A lease，therefore，allows you to drive the latest models of more expensive cars. However, wh atever car you can afford to buy you get to keep it, and it will always have a resell or trade-in (以新旧换) value if you want to upgrade to a new car later. Furthermore, people w ho lease cars are often shocked by how much they must pay when the leas e is over. Most leases limit you to a certain number of miles. If you go over t hat, you must pay for each mile. As a result, you may end up paying thousa nds of dollars in mileage (里程) fees. In addition, when you lease, you have to pay for regular maintena nce and repairs to the vehicle. Since you must return the car finally, you are paying to repair someone else’s car. By now, the benefits of buying over le asing should be clear. Remember: whatever model you can afford to buy, itis yours after you make the payments. There’s no giving back, and that mak es all the difference.【正确答案】12.People usually think leasing a car can save money.（A）True（B）False（C）Not Given【正确答案】A13.Leasing a car costs less in the long term.（A）True（B）False（C）Not Given【正确答案】B14.More people like to lease cars than before.（A）True（B）False（C）Not Given【正确答案】C15.People can lease a car they cannot afford.（A）True（B）False（C）Not Given【正确答案】A16.Young people prefer to lease the latest models of cars.（A）True（B）False（C）Not Given【正确答案】C17.Ford Explorer is the most popular model in the leasing market. （A）True（B）False（C）Not Given【正确答案】C18.People often pay more than they expect for a lease.（A）True（B）False（C）Not Given【正确答案】A19.People need to pay for each mile they drive during the lease. （A）True（B）False（C）Not Given【正确答案】B20.Leasing companies pay for repairs to the leased cars.（A）True（B）False（C）Not Given【正确答案】B21.The author advises people to buy an affordable car.（A）True（B）False（C）Not Given【正确答案】A阅读选择Mental Illness Hits Small Business Owners Hard While there is a growing foc us on mental health in the workplace, there are fewer resources and suppo rt available to those running small businesses. There are many reasons peo ple choose to have their own business being their own boss, working on so mething they love, being able to set their own hours, or having some contr ol over whom they work with. Yet the reality many small business owners f ace is far less attractive-financial stress, long working hours and unclear boundaries between work and family life. And all of these factors can have a huge impact on their me ntal health. Leanne Fawkner is a business owner of an award-winning skin-care range(系列产品). She knows very well the impact that a small business can have on, the mental health of its owner. When her successful business struggled due to t he global financial crisis, she suffered a lot mentally. “As business slowed, I was more and more affected, ” she says. “I couldn’t separate myself from m y business. It was the worst experience of my life. I could no longer go to w ork and was crying all day ?” Fawkner was diagnosed with depression. She had to take several months off work. Fortunately, her husband was able tokeep things going while Fawkner was recovering. She saw a counselor (咨询师) for help and took part in a workplace mental health promotion program . This program was designed for small to medium business owners. “ The st ories on the DVD in the program were so helpful. I was crying because I did n't feel so alone.” For Fawkner, small business owners are overlooked. Whil e employees in larger organizations often have access to employee assistan ce programs, small business owners are struggling on their own.【正确答案】23.One reason to have one’s own business is that one can have more_____ ___.（A）flexible working hours（B）support from others（C）available resources（D）life experience【正确答案】A24.A small business owner usually has________.（A）a more colorful life（B）a bigger profit（C）less stress from work（D）longer working time【正确答案】D25.Fawkner’s business ran into trouble because________.（A）it was taken over by her husband（B）she had a serious mental problem（C）it was hit by the financial crisis（D）she started a-mental health program【正确答案】C26.Fawkner didn’t feel so alone because________.（A）she had her family around（B）she could watch DVD at work（C）others had similar experiences（D）the counselor was helpful to her【正确答案】D27.According to Fawkner, small business owners need more________. （A）financial aid（B）technical knowledge（C）management skills（D）mental health assistance【正确答案】D概括段落大意和补全句子Secrets for a Happier You Some people are naturally blessed with a cheerful character. They spread warmth and sunshine wherever they go. They attra ct people like bees to honey. So what is it that makes these people so differ ent from others? ① The most important secret to happiness is to be gratef ul for the good things in your life-whatever may be your financial position. Instead of appreciating material w ealth, be thankful for the loved ones in your life and enjoy the little pleasur es of life that come your way. ② The next important secret is to develop relationships. Increasing social contacts helps boost brain power. Therefore, work towards improving your relationships and take time off to get in touch with friends. This will lift some burden off your shoulders, especially when you share your thoughts and feelings. Socializing can give you an added boo st to your moods. ③ Thirdly, do not hold a grudge (怨恨) against anyone. I nstead, learn to be kind, generous, and forgiving towards others, even to th e person who hurt you. Be sympathetic and understanding, and try not to c riticize others. Focus on the positives of a person instead of the negatives, f or none of us is born perfect. It will keep your heart and mind free and peac eful. ④ Besides, involve yourself in some creative process, be it dancing, w riting or drawing. This can bring out the hidden talent in you to achieve mag ical happiness. Or pick up ne skills and feel the great sense of satisfaction by carrying out certain tasks which you otherwise would never have felt. ⑤ F inally, follow a daily regular sleep-wake cycle to keep you energetic and happy. Exercise regularly or practice r elaxation techniques like deep breathing and yoga (瑜伽). Ensure you get eight to nine hours of sleep every day and have a well-balanced diet. A. Help people in need B. Have a healthy lifestyle C. Do some thing creative D. Better your social relationships E. Be thankful for what you have F. Learn to understand and forgive【正确答案】29.Paragraph①【正确答案】E30.Paragraph②【正确答案】D31.Paragraph③【正确答案】F32.Paragraph④【正确答案】C33.Paragraph⑤【正确答案】BA. more intelligentB. even if you are poorC. different from othersD. even when you are hurtE. to develop you' potentialF. to gain more material wea lth【正确答案】35.A cheerful character makes you______.【正确答案】C36.Enjoy the pleasures of life ______.【正确答案】B37.Socializing can make you ______.【正确答案】A38.Try to forgive ______.【正确答案】D39.Creative activities enable you ______.【正确答案】E填句补文Cultural Differences in England and France Cultural differences can take ma ny forms. I have noticed many differences in French culture compared to English culture, from the way people dress, to their attitudes towards food, to what they do for fun. One thing that has struck me in particular in France is personal interactions with each other. 【T1】________ Firstly, it’s the kissing. Everyone kisses each other on the cheek. It ’s a greeting, instead of saying “hi”or“hello”【T2】________ Everyone participates in the kissing ritual, the young, the old, mal e, female, strangers and friends. I kiss my friends. I kiss the teachers at the s chool. And even if I’m in a hurry, I am still expected to make time to give ac quaintances a quick kiss on the cheek as I rush past. I don’t mind it. 【T3】________It quickly turns strangers into acquaintances, and acquaintances i nto friends. Another thing that I’ve noticed is that people France are much more open with people they don’t know.【T4】________ In France, however, on long train journeys people have often star ted a conversation with me for no reason. They have a chat simply to pass t he time. And I really enjoy being able to share a part of my life and my story with someone else. Whatever impressions you may have about French peo ple, I have found that they are, for the most part, open and at ease talking t o strangers【T5】________A. In fact, I quite like it. B. They differ a lot from those in the UK. C . Often the kiss is a substitute for words. D. This makes me more comfortabl e with them too. E. Britons often greet each other with hugs and kisses. F. I n England, you talk to a stranger only if completely necessary.【正确答案】41.【T1】【正确答案】D42.【T2】【正确答案】C43.【T3】【正确答案】A44.【T4】【正确答案】F45.【T5】【正确答案】B填词补文Success for 99 Cents How do you sell things in a time when the economy is down and people just don' t want to【B1】________ ? Try the 99 cent approach. Steve Jobs, former【B2】________ of Apple Computers, tried it and【B3】________ saved the music industry. He【B4】________ a standard price of 99 cents for each song that he wanted to sell on iTunes and built a successful music download company. In the 1960s, Da ve Gold【B5】________ a store that sold alcoholic drinks in southern California. He sold w ine in three【B6】________ categories; $0. 79, $0. 99 and $1. 49. When he saw that the 99 ce nt wine did best, he started selling the other two at the same price and sale s went up. In 1982, he started【B7】________ 99 cent stores across the US. Today the company is【B8】________ almost 500 million dollars and has 280 shops. Why does a 99 cent price tag (标签) make so much success? Researchers have found out that the price endi ng with. 99 shows a【B9】________ price for consumers. It looks less and consumers【B10】________ feel that they can get something back. A. owned E. finally I. boss B. market F. several J. sell C. set G. buy K. lower D. worth H. usually L. price 【正确答案】47.【B1】【正确答案】G48.【B2】【正确答案】I49.【B3】【正确答案】E50.【B4】【正确答案】C51.【B5】【正确答案】A52.【B6】【正确答案】F53.【B7】【正确答案】J54.【B8】【正确答案】D55.【B9】【正确答案】K56.【B10】【正确答案】H完形补文Learning From Mistakes Lots of people dare not make mistakes (mistake). T hey fear they will be laughed at or【C1】________ (blame) by others. They fear they will lose their money and【C2】________(belonging) or be under heavy stress. But risks are【C3】________ (possible) to avoid and they do pave the way towards success. Ha ve you ever【C4】________ (hear) of anyone who achieves success without making any mista kes? So it is only【C5】________(nature) that making mistakes should be considered a must. You s houldn' t worry about that as you【C6】________(probable) get lots of advantages out of your mistakes. By making mistakes, you can at least distinguish between the correct and the【C7】________(correct) parts of what you did. Robert Stevenson once said: " Our business in life is not to be【C8】________ (success) , but to continue to fail in good spirits. You needn' t wor ry about anything as long as you keep on going by【C9】________(wise) learning from your mistakes and【C10】________ (try) even harder.【正确答案】58.【C1】【正确答案】blamed59.【C2】【正确答案】belongings60.【C3】【正确答案】impossible61.【C4】【正确答案】heard62.【C5】【正确答案】natural63.【C6】【正确答案】probably64.【C7】【正确答案】incorrect65.【C8】【正确答案】successful66.【C9】【正确答案】wisely67.【C10】【正确答案】trying短文写作69.某英文报社正在举办题为“Green Transportation”的征文活动，请你根据下述写作要点提交一篇英文短文应征。
2019年自学考试《农业概论》试题及答案
2019年自学考试《农业概论》试题及答案1农学(广义)：指研究农业生产理论和实践的一门学科。
(中义)：仅指农业生产科学。
(狭义)：指研究农作物生产的一门学科。
2 农学性质：以自然科学和社会经济科学为基础的一门应用科学，是服务于种植业的一门综合学科;以可持续发展为目标的一门应用生态学科。
3 农学特点：系统的复杂性，技术的实用性，生产的连续性，生产的规律性，明显的季节性，严格的地域性4 作物生产的地位和作用：主要表现：人类生活资料的重要来源，工业原料的重要来源，出口的重要物质，农业的基础产业，农业现代化的组成部分5 作物生产的未来发展目标和途径：目标：可持续，两高一优，低耗。
途径：建设高产农田，改革种植制度，普及优良品种，发展先进适用技术。
1水稻、小麦、玉米、甘薯、马铃薯、大豆、油菜、棉花等主要农作物的起源分别在什么地方?答：小麦起源于近东中心和中亚西亚中心以及非洲中心、水稻起源于印度斯坦中心和非洲中心、玉米、甘薯起源于中美洲—墨西哥中心、马铃薯起源于南美洲中心、大豆起源于中国—日本中心、;油菜起源于欧洲地中海地区、棉花起源于非洲中心和南美洲中心以及美洲—墨西哥中心。
3 按作物的生物学特性，怎样对作物进行分类?1.按作物感温特性分类分为喜温和耐寒作物2.按作物对光周期反应特性分类分为长日照、短日照、中日照、和定日照作物3、按作物对二氧化碳同化途径分类分为C3、C4、CAM作物。
4 按用途和植物系系统相结合，怎样对作物进行分类?并简述期其主要作物类型特点。
答：1.粮食作物(1)禾谷类作物是以收获谷粒为栽培目的的禾本科作物。
禾谷类作物的子粒具有丰富的营养成分，而且蛋白质和淀粉的比例最适宜人类的需求，所以是重要的粮食作物。
(2)豆类作物属豆科中的蝶形花亚科，种类繁多豆类作物是人类生活中含营养价值的食品，是植物蛋白的主要来源。
(3)薯芋累作物是指利用其地下块茎和快根累的作物，植物学上的科、属不一。
2经济作物(1)纤维作物包括纤维作物和麻类作物(2)油料作物是指以获得油脂为主要目的的作物，其特征是种子或果实含油量较丰富。
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2019年10月自考《农业生态基础》预测试题（2）
一、名词解释(每小题2分，共20分。
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农业生态学：农业生态学是应用生态学原理，系统分析的方法，把农业生产作为一个整体，即农业生态系统，研究其结构、机能、生产力及其调控和管理的学科
生态因子：对生物的生长发育起影响作用的环境因子。
农业生态系统：农业生态系统是在人类积极参与下，利用农业生物和环境之间以及生物种群之间的相互关系，通过合理的生态结构和高效的系统机能，实行能量转化和物质循环，并按照人类理想要求实行物质生产的有机综合体。
食物连：在生态系统中，源于绿色植物的食物能，通过一系列取食与被取食的转化关系，使各个生物有机体紧密联系起来的营养序列称为食物链。
农业生态工程：农业生态工程就是有效地使用生态系统中生物物种充分利用空间和资源的生物种群共生原理，多种成份相互协调和促动的功能原理，以及物质的能量多层次、多途径利用和转化的原理，而建立的能合理利用自然资源、保持生态稳定和持续高效功能的农业生态系统。
逆行演替：逆行演替就是指原来的群落在外界因素，如采伐、火烧、开垦、放牧、病虫害及其它自然灾害等的作用下，群落由比较复杂、相对稳定的阶段向着简单和稳定性差的阶段退化。
逆行演替是群落次生演替的一种特殊形式，其发展的水准取决于外界作用力的强弱及持续时间，当作用力强或持续时间长时，原有群落可能一直要退化到次生裸地。
生活型：生活型是指不同种的生物，因为长期生活在相同的自然生态条件和人为培育条件下，发生趋同适合，并经自然和人工选择而形成具有类似形态、生理和生态特性的物种类群。
农业生态系统结构：农业生态系统结构，指农业生态系统的构成要素(栽培的植物、饲养的动物、微生物等)以及这些要素在时间上、空间上配置和能量、物质在各要素间的转移、循环途径。
生态位：是指物种在生物群落中的地位和作用。
三、简答题(每小题5，共50分)
1 农业生态系统与自然生态系统的区别?
答：1. 农业生态系统除了主要依靠太阳辐射能以外，还需要人类提供辅助能源(如机械、化肥、农药、排灌、收获、运输、贮藏、加工等)。
2. 农业生态系统的主要目的是获得更多的农产品以满足人类的需要。
3. 农业生态系统的组成因素较简单，稳定性较差。
4. 农业生态系统属于开放性系统，人类要从农业生态系统中获取食物、纤维、畜产品、果蔬产品，而且往往有一部分远销他地，从而将这些农畜产品中所含能量和物质脱离该系统。
5. 农业生态系统的净生产力较高。
这是因为农业生态系统的优生种主要是粮食作物、经济作物、牧草、果木、家畜、家禽等，它们是经过人类长期有目的选择，具有优良丰产性状的物种类群，人类总是采取各种农业技术措施，保持其优良种性及高的生产力。
6. 农业生态系统常采用人工调控和自然调控相结合的“双向调控”措施，多属外部调控。
2 农业生态系统能量流动的途径有哪些?
答：1. 农业生态系统的能量投入投入农业生态系统的能量主要有太阳能和辅助能
2.农业生态系统的能量产出 (1)目标性产出和非目标性产出.农业生态系、机械、烯油统的目标性产出指人类组织某项农业活动所希望获得的产品输出;(2)食物能产出和非食物能产出。
在农业生态系统输出的总能量中。
按照人类的要求分为食物能和非食物能两类。
3 简述种间关系在生产中应用?
答：(一)农林作物的配置、组合搭配及人工混交林的建立
农作物之间的间作、混作和套种，以及农作物与林果的间作和人工混交林的建立，都是利用种群间的正相互作用的互容的特点，合理搭配林木及作物种群，达到充分利用光，热、不、肥(营养)及生长季节等资源条件，提升光合效率，获得较高的生产力。
(二)蜜蜂与虫媒授粉作物的互利关系 (三)生物防治病虫害及杂草生物防治病虫害;生物防除杂草。
4 简述水生演替系列。
答：(1)自由漂浮植物阶段t最初水体很深，因光用和空气的缺乏没有体形较大的绿色植物，只有一些漂浮生长的浮游植物。
(2)沉水植物阶段：因为浮游生物残体稻秧驭和湖岸陆地上冲刷所带来的矿物质颗粒。
天长日久逐渐使湖底抬高，这时首先出现的是轮藻属植物，它是湖底深地上的先锋植物群落。
之后其它藻类流水植物相继出现并生长。
(3)浮叶根生植物阶段：随着湖底变浅，浮叶根生植物出现，如睦莲科的莲等，这类植物的叶密集于水面或水面以上，使水下光照条件变得不利于沉忒植物的生长，使之下沉到深水部位生长。
浮叶根生植物体形较大，聚积的有机物使湖底抬高过程加快。