进化论英文介绍
进化论：历史及过程 英文
The Voyage of the Beagle
On
a cold winter day in 1831, HMS Beagle set sail on a voyage around the world. The main mission of the voyage was to chart poorly known stretches of the South American coast line. On the voyage was 22 year old college graduate Charles Darwin. His main interest was to study the geology, plants, and animals encountered on theixed, they do not change Earth was only 10,000 years old and relatively unchanged.
Darwin Developed a theory of evolution: Ideas from Darwin’s Time
Route of the Beagle
Darwin’s Observations
Darwin
spent most of his time on shore while the ship’s crew surveyed. There he observed and collected thousands of specimens from plants and animals. He studied the organisms and their adaptations from places as different as the Brazilian Jungle to the frigid lands near Antarctica.
《生物进化论》_英文课程介绍
课程代码课程名称生物进化论英文名称Biological Evolution学分：修读期：授课对象：本科生课程主任：李丽芳博士课程简介Biological Evolution is the biggest uniform theory of biology. Biological Evolution is the science to study the evolutional theory and how to use these theories. Biological complex phenomenon, e.g. morphological, physiological or behavioral adaptations, speciation and extinction, the relationship within species or between species, etc. only could find the uniform explanation from the base of the evolutionary theory, and find the immanent reasons and theory through the research of biological evolution. Evolutionary theory exists in every biological subject, so, “if there is no guidance of evolutionism, biology will not be scientific”.Biological Evolution is an abstract subject, which is related to many other subjects and very important in the research of biology or other natural science. It is also the required course of biological researchers and enthusiast. During study, students could know the origin and evolution of life, naissance and development of evolutionism, how to erect materialistic Weltanschauung and scientific idea of biological evolution, how to resist the spiritualism.This subject will explain Darwinism, morphological adaptation to genetic transformation, the origin of biological molecule to life, etc. and introduce the newest evolutionary method, results and goal based on the basic concept and theories.。
科学家的成就英语作文
科学家的成就英语作文英文回答：The scientific community has witnessed numerous remarkable achievements that have profoundly impacted our understanding of the world and transformed our lives. These groundbreaking discoveries have paved the way for advancements in various fields, pushing the boundaries of human knowledge and shaping the course of civilization.One of the most significant scientific achievements was the development of the theory of evolution by Charles Darwin. This groundbreaking work revolutionized our understanding of the diversity of life on Earth and provided a comprehensive explanation for the origin and evolution of species. Darwin's theory has had a profound impact on fields such as biology, genetics, and ecology, and continues to shape our understanding of the natural world.Another notable achievement was the discovery of the structure of DNA by James Watson and Francis Crick in 1953. This breakthrough provided fundamental insights into the genetic basis of life and paved the way for advances in genetics, biotechnology, and medicine. The discovery has led to the development of groundbreaking technologies such as genetic engineering and gene therapy, with immense potential for improving human health and well-being.The advent of modern medicine has also been marked by significant scientific achievements. The discovery of antibiotics in the 20th century transformed the treatment of infectious diseases, dramatically reducing mortality rates and improving global health outcomes. Advances in medical imaging technologies, such as X-rays, MRI, and CT scans, have greatly enhanced our ability to diagnose and treat a wide range of medical conditions.In the realm of technology, the invention of the transistor in the mid-20th century laid the foundation for the rapid development of electronics and computer technology. The advent of integrated circuits andmicroprocessors led to the creation of personal computers, smartphones, and other electronic devices that have become indispensable in our daily lives. These advancements have revolutionized the way we communicate, access information, and conduct business, transforming the global economy and our daily routines.The exploration of space has also been marked by historic scientific achievements. The launch of artificial satellites and human spaceflight missions has provided invaluable insights into our solar system and the wider universe, expanding our knowledge of astronomy, astrophysics, and planetary science. These missions have also paved the way for technological advancements such as satellite communications and remote sensing, which have practical applications in fields such as weather forecasting, navigation, and environmental monitoring.中文回答：科学界见证了众多杰出的成就，这些成就对我们对世界的理解产生了深远的影响，并改变了我们的生活。
达尔文和他的进化论英文
The theory of evolution
Darwin’s theory of evolution
❖ Brief introduction ❖ Three features of evolution ❖ Influence
Darwin’s theory of evolution is also called Darwinism. It is about the idea that all plants and animals develop gradually from simpler to more complicated forms by natural selection, which is the process by which only plants and animals that are naturally suitable for life in their environment will continue to live, while all others will die.
Three feathers
❖ The Premise ——all life is related and has descended from a common ancestor
❖ Natural selection—— acts to preserve and accumulate minor advantageous genetic mutations(变异）.
1882: died and buried in Westminster Abbey ,close to Newton , he was one of only five nineteenth-century non-royal personages from the United Kingdom to be honoured by a state funeral(国葬)
达尔文与进化论【英文】
The finches cinched it! different beaks are
Darwin found: The differences between species of finches were associated with the different food they ate.
Regents Biology
800 km west of Ecuador
Darwin found…many unique species
Many of Darwin’s observations made him wonder… Why? Darwin asked:
Why were these creatures found only on the Galapagos Islands? Regents Biology
South American coastline
Robert Fitzroy
Regents Biology
Voyage of the HMS Beagle Stopped in Galapagos Islands
500 miles off coast of Ecuador
Regents Biology
Darwin & Evolution by Natural Selection
Cactus eater Insect eaters
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
Seed eaters
Bud eater Regents Biology
2006-2007
Charles Darwin Proposed a way how
evolution works
Voyage of the HMS Beagle Invited to travel around the world
进化论对社会发展的影响【英文】
2
Ideas Have Consequences
@ Dr. Heinz Lycklama
3
Quotes from Darwin
―To suppose that the eye … could have been formed by natural selection, seems, I freely confess, absurd in the highest degree.‖
―A person‘s philosophy of origins will inevitably determine … what he believes concerning his destiny, and even what he believes about the meaning and purpose of his life and actions right now …‖ Morris (Creationist) ―Evolution has an impact on every aspect of man‘s thinking: his philosophy, his metaphysics, his ethics …‖ Ernst Mayr (Evolutionist) ―Evolutionary theory has been enshrined as the centerpiece of our educational system, and elaborate walls have been erected around it to protect it from unnecessary abuse.‖ Jeremy Rifkin (Evolutionist)
达尔文与进化论 英文
• Nach dem frühen Tod seiner Mutter 1817 wurde er von seinen beiden Schwestern aufgezogen.
11
Darwins Ausbildung in Edinburgh
• 1825 ging er auf Wunsch seines Vaters auf die Universität von Edinburgh, um dort Medizin zu studieren. • 1827 brach er das Studium ab.
– Heute 67.000 Einwohner
(Stand 2001)
© wikipedia
10
© wikipedia
Darwins Familie
• Er war das fünfte Kind einer wohlhabenden Landarztfamilie. • Sein väterlicher Großvater Erasmus Darwin war ein bekannter Naturwissenschaftler und sein Vorbild.
• In ihrem Erbgut
– Alle Lebewesen besitzen das gleiche genetische Material (DNS). – Der genetische Code ist universal. – Die Träger der Erbinformationen sind aus den gleichen vier Bausteinen zusammengesetzt. – Alle Organismen haben dieselben 20 Aminosäuren als Bausteine der Körpereiweiße.
人类起源英文作文
人类起源英文作文英文：The origin of human beings is a topic that has been debated for centuries. There are several theories regarding the origin of humans, and each theory has its own supporting evidence.One of the most widely accepted theories is the theory of evolution, which suggests that humans evolved from primates. This theory is based on the evidence of fossils and genetic studies. For example, the DNA of humans and chimpanzees is almost identical, which suggests that humans and chimpanzees share a common ancestor.Another theory is the theory of creationism, which suggests that humans were created by a higher power, such as God. This theory is based on religious beliefs and is not supported by scientific evidence.Personally, I believe in the theory of evolution. I think that the evidence supporting this theory is more convincing than the evidence supporting creationism. However, I respect the beliefs of those who believe in creationism.中文：人类起源是一个被争论了几个世纪的话题。
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▪ layers of rock take time to form
▪ processes such as volcanoes and earthquakes shaped the earth and still occur today
6. Lamark
Theory of acquired characteristics
Charles Darwin (1809-1882) Sailed around the world 1831-1836
2. What did Darwin’s Travels reveal
▪ The diversity of living species was far greater than anyone had previously known!!
9. Artificial Selection
▪ nature provides variation, humans select variations that are useful.
▪ Example - a farmer breeds only his best livestock
10. Natural Selection
Descent with Modification
▪ Each living species has descended with changes from other species over time
Summary of Darwin’s Theory
1. Organisms differ; variation is inherited 2. Organisms produce more offspring than
8. Darwin
finally
published his
ideas in 1859
▪ Other naturalists were developing the same theory that Darwin did.
▪ Even though he was afraid of the Church’s reaction to his book he wanted to get credit for his work.
survive 3. Organisms compete for resources 4. Organisms with advantages survive to pass
those advantages to their children 5. Species alive today are descended with
▪ The traits that help an organism survive in a particular environment are “selected” in natural selection
11. Natural Selection and Species Fitness
▪ These observations led him to develop the theory of evolution!!
3.How did tortoises and birds
differ among the islands of
the Galapagos?
▪ Each island had its own type of tortoises and birds that were clearly different from other islands
▪ Overtime, natural selection results in changes in the inherited characteristics of a population.
▪ These changes increase a species fitness (survival rate)
5. Geologists:
Hutton and Lyell
Fundamentalists said that the earth was around 6000 years old
Hutton and Lyell argued that the earth is many millions of years old b/c
• Evolution is a well supported explanation of phenomena that have occurred in the natural world
• A theory in science is a well tested hypothesis, not just a guess
Galapagos Turtles
4. Evolution is when organisms change over time. So, modern organisms descended from ancient ones
7. Evolution is a Theory – Just like Gravity!
▪ Lamark said organisms acquired traits by using their bodies in new ways
▪ These new characteristics were passed to offspring
▪ Lamark was totally wrong!
7. Malthus
▪ Reasoned that if the human population continued to grow unchecked, sooner or later there would be insufficient living space and food for everyone