欧亨利短篇小说的主题思想和语言特点_英文_
charactersinO.Henry’sshortstories论欧亨利短篇小说的特点
charactersinO.Henry’sshortstories论欧亨利短篇小说的特点AbstractO. Henry, one of the three most famous short-story writers in the world, enjoys equal status with Chekhov and Maupassant. Some critics called him “the founder of American stories.” Exquisite plot, wry humor and twist ending dominate his works.A eulogy of humanity, the main stream of his works , together with his many classical works，is notable.This thesis mainly analyses the twist ending and the humanity of characters in O. Henry’s short stories. With his humorous, ironical and comic writing style, O. Henry reveals the humanity from the twist ending. Part One describes O. Henry and his works as a whole .O. Henry created many articles and had big influence on cultural history. Part Two is on his writing skills and the twist ending. O. Henry was good at char acters’ psychological portrayal. Also it mainly contains the writing background of ending which lights up the humanity of characters and the plot- making technique of twist ending. Some critics considered wry humor as “Smile with Tears,” or “Tears with Smi le.” This part elevates the charm of the theme. In a word, the twist ending directs readers to think about the humanity. Meanwhile, the humanity elevates the artistic twist ending. Part Three mainly describes the goodness and individualism reflected in O. Henry’ works.In a capitalist society, the specific characters are the special society. They also foretell the fate ending. Furthermore, the cultivation of the plot and the surprise ending gives us a new open sight. By giving examples, this part depicts the human nature reflected in his works.Key words: Twist ending; Humanity; Wry humor; Smile with tears摘要作为世界三大小说家之一,欧?亨利与契诃夫和莫泊桑齐名。
欧亨利作品浅析.英语版
ContentChapter1 Introduction (4)Chapter 2 O. Henry ‘s article style--humor (4)2.1 O. Henry ‘s article style (4)Chapter3 Unique O-style ending method (5)3.1 Improbable Coincidence (The Gift of the Magi) (5)Chapter4 The Main Theme of O’Henry’s Works (6)Chapter 5 Conclusion (7)References (8)A Brief Review on O’Henry’s Works摘要：欧.亨利，原名威廉.西德尼.波特,20世纪美国著名小说家，美国短篇小说创始人。
被誉为世界上三大著名小说巨匠，与法国的莫泊桑，俄国的契诃夫齐名。
他少年时曾一心想当画家，婚后在妻子的鼓励下开始写作。
后再银行供职时出现账目问题而入狱，在服刑期间认真写作，并以“欧.亨利”为笔名发表了大量短篇小说。
他的作品情节细腻。
语言诙谐，结局往往出人意料。
出人意料但却符合逻辑的故事结尾以及不拘一格文风在作品中最具亮点给读者留下深刻印象。
而本论文的主要围绕他的著作，如《麦琪的礼物》，《最后一片叶子》，《警察与赞美诗》，分析其故事结尾与语言风格如何达到预想的效果和如何让作者的思想在作品中得到体现。
关键词：文风，欧.亨利式结尾,人性，社会现实Abstract:O. Henry, one of the three most famous short-story writers in the world, enjoys equal status with Chekhov and Maupassant. Exquisite plot, wry humor and twist ending dominate his works. Those surprising but logical endings and article’s style are the most brilliant in all of the highlights. This thesis mainly analyses O. Henry’s surprising but logical endings and style of his famous works such as The Gift of the Magi , The Last Leaf an and The Cop and the Anthem.These O. Henry-style endings impress readers ,and at the same time ,help him express his ideas completely and vividly.So this thesis mainly analyses how O.Henry set the plot to achieve the desired ending effect,and how the twist ending help idea-expression.Key Words: artistic styles, O. Henry-style ending, humanity; social realityChapter1 IntroductionO·Henry is commonly associated with the short story and the masterful ironic “O·Henry Twist”. A prolific writer, O·Henry wrote most often about New York City, where he spent his later years, He has been called “the American De Maupassant”.Years of hardships, vagrancy and prison supplied O·Henry with abundant material for writing. The tragedy in his own life —the bad luck that seemed to bind him —had taught him a chivalrous tenderness for the unlucky, a sympathetic understanding of the underdogs, and this compassion of his is evident in most of his short stories. O·Henry’s stories about New York City —the best of which are included in The Four Million—are his most famous. His works in.The Four Billionaire full of humor. His stories are amusing, flippant, flat and filled with irony and sentiment. Drawing directly on his experiences, he combined realism with a world of his own. Commonly recurring themes in O·Henry’s short stories are those of deception, mistaken identity, the effect of coincidence, the inexorable nature of fate, and the resolution of seemingly insurmountable difficulties separating two love it.Over recent hundreds of years, works of O·Henry’s have been published for several editions, and always attracting a great number of readers. O·Henry‟s writing is seen as straightforward and simple, written in plain language. His stories may rely on a sameness of plot, but the sharp, unexpected twist at the end is still his distinctive trademark today.(田2005:5)As readers, we like O·Henry’s stories very much because we can get much fun from them. Lively characters, humorous style, and the surprising ending which leave us endless thinking, are the main factors to attract and strike us.Chapter 2 O. Henry ‘s article style--humor2.1 O. Henry ‘s article styleO. Henry good at describing the United States in particular people living in New York. His novel, witty language, the result is often surprising; because of the many descriptions of the characters and full of life, as the "Encyclopedia of American life with humor." There are representative collection of short stories, "King and cabbage", "4,000,000" and "the fate of the road." Some of the famous, such as "love at the expense" and "Police and the Hymn," "rent furnished rooms" and "The Gift of the Magi" and "the last piece of rattan leaf" to make his reputation in the world.He is a writer with a unique style, humorous works, humorous wit, vivid descriptions, concise text. Vivid description of things from the profound understanding and extensive knowledge. He was good to observe things and the accumulation of knowledge. Good at capturing life Ironically, while the wealth to the philosophy of the dramatic scenes from the grasp of the subtle characteristics of the image using the language Painted, so that the people of flesh and blood, into the Xu-xu Health.2.2 HumorO. Henry once wrote: "the nature of my jokes is amiable, irony, and never make someone angry." This is his opinion of his humor, his satire, but again not ironic.he is on the basis of goodwill, and often contain the true meaning of life in accessible short stories . And another effect is that this kind of humor played down the tragic role, so readers are more likely to accept. In addition to the humorous irony, O. Henry is good at capturing the ironic and aboundin life philosophy of dramatic scene, with the characteristics of writing outline of cartoon characters, the plot of the chrono set at the same time, the ending with unexpected knot,All this make readers in dismay want to find the deep connotation of the story, make the reader have to exclamation story of fair and reasonable, idea of exquisite. In addition to unxepecting ending ,the sequence in the novel text became O. Henry another feature of the nove.In O’Henry’s short story “The Cop and the Anthem”, he ma kes use of the vocabulary mistake and hyperbole not only endowing figures with fresh image but also obtaining definite humorous effect. It’s a concrete display of the comedic writing style and at the same time it hints at the tragic fate of the protagonist.There is such a paragraph in the article:But as Soapy set foot inside the restaurant d o o r the head waiter’s eye fell upon his frayed trousers and decadent shoes. Strong and ready hands turned him a b o u t and conveyed him in silence and haste to the sidewalk and averted the ignoble fate of the menaced mallard.Soapy’s f irst “long for being arrested” plan i s to eat extravagantly in a luxurious restaurant—“a roast duck is almost enough!” But as he sets foot inside the restaurant door, the head waiter’s eye falls upon h i s“decadent shoes”. Decadent is always used to d e s c r i b e life style or consciousness concept. The author uses it to describe Soapy’s broken shoes and exaggerates the actuality of that broken shoe to a laughable extent. Then the author also uses the humorous remarks “turn round that r o a s t duck’s nearly being killed fate “to indicate Soapy’s hope “to eat gratis is vanished.”Chapter3 Unique O-style ending methodO. Henry's trademark is the surprising ending that each of his stories contains. He sets a story moving in one direction, and just when the reader is convinced of the general direction of the narrative, the story will be completely reversed.This kind of expected but reasonable ending which called O.Henry’s ending may be a litt le sorrowful but it still gives the readers some hope,which is so-called “O.Henry’s humor(smile with tears)”And if we look back to the total story, the ending seems logical and plausible. As a “plot-maker”, and designer of incident, he is an amazing geniu s. No one can do better than him to holds the reader in “suspense”More than that, the reader scarcely knows that he is suspended until the very close of the story. Just as turns on the lights and the whole tale is revealed in its entirety. He uses this device of dramatic and humorous effect in the short story collection The Four Million which including “The Gift of the Magi ”, and “The Cop and the Anthem”“the Service of Love”“The last Leaf.”He often stresses on something important but not the most importan t in his works.The most important part always seems to write incidentally,which been the most circumscriptive reader may if more it.When the stories end in a totally unexpected but reasonable way ,we can do nothing but cheer for O.Henry’s literary talent.3.1 Improbable Coincidence (The Gift of the Magi)The novel“The Gift of the Magi” is about a young couple that is short of money but desperately wants to buy each other Christmas gifts. Unknown to Jim, Della sells her most valuable possession, her beautiful hair, in order to buy platinum as the chain for Jim's watch; unknown to Della, Jim sells his most valuable possession, his watch, to buy jeweled combs for Della's hair. In the end ,both gifts became useless——short-haired Della got a comb andJim got a chain for an already-sold watch. What a surprising coincidence! However, when we look back, we can find that O.Henry had already given us some suggestions.”Now, there were two possessions of the James Dillingham Youngs in which they both took a mighty pride. One was Jim’s gold watch that had been his father’s and his grandfather’s. The other was Della’s hair.” This description is related to how they got the money for gifts and what they bought for each other. The author used a casual and vague tone deliberately so that few people would think over its meaning before seeing the ending. So the ending turns out to be unexpected but reasonable.This coincidence is filled with complex emotions. People feel touched by the long lasting true love between the young couple and at the same time ,pity for them for their “unwise” gifts and their cruel bitter life.Though confronted with cruel reality and dull daily routine, Della and Jim can never change their eagerness toward love. To them the most valuable material possession is so slight and insignificant ,when compared with the spiritual possession of love romance.Perhaps the gifts were "unwise" as the author says, but, as he further writes, "let it be said that of all who give gifts, these two were the wisest.”In Th e Gift of the Magi , we feel so pity that Della has her precious long hair cut. But to our surprise ,Jim has sold the watch to buy the jeweled tortoise-shell combs for her wife’s hair. O.Henry does not end on the note of irony and surprise but gives to what he calls his uneventful coincidence of two foolish children the appearance of a little parable with a significant meaning. The magi , he reminds the reader ,were wise men who brought gifts to the Christ child. As for Jim and Della, the are the magi. This is the ending of the story with O.Henry’s own style.Chapter4 The Main Theme of O’Henry’s WorksIn his works, O.Henry presents the panorama of the American people to readers with ironic and humorous tone. O.Henry is sympathetic with the poor; he praises the human virtues and denounces human defeats. Humanity, as the eternal theme of O.Henry’s works, endows his works with perpetual artistic charm. Human being has many virtues from ancient times to the present. They are kind, brave, honest, hard-working, polite, thrifty, generous, and hospitable and so on. Some people pay a great deal in order to maintain these virtues, they sacrifice their own happiness even life for the lofty love and friendship; they help others without asking for rewards and regard it as a pleasure; they give up their own treasure and chance to others etc. Such people bring love and fine things to the world; they are the ones who endow the world with light and hope.Human beings have many defects, too. Sometimes t h e y are lazy, rapacious, gluttonous, officious, vain, arrogant, shameless, cowardly, impetuous etc. They benefit themselves at the expense of others, they never show mercy and sympathy to the poor in order to make money, they realize their own aims by hook or by crook etc. Their evil deeds make the world vicious. By exposing the human defects and the dark sides of the world, O.Henry wants to awaken p e o p l e’s conscience and deepest desire for all good things, so that people can use their efforts to save and cleanse the whole world.O. Henry creates a short stories which he could dominate the world , and the world as a whole is with light grey. O. Henry won't go to describe the upper-class life :a luxury and dissipation life.In contrary, he makes his writing focuse on a nobody wholives in the small world.From this world , O. Henry have created the world according to his own idea, in which expresses his sympathy as well as hate, reveals a "law of the jungle" in a capitalist society orthe rule of "the great fish eat the small one". All this, we can visit O. Henry's world from the point of O. Henry's works .Besides social deformities, O. Henry didn't forget to find a unique legend in that society. In a corner of the world, there are blooming love, friendship, lofty flowers with a spirit of sacrifice , beautiful soul and divine emotion interweaves the bright side of another society. This is mainly can be found in the part of his representative works. In The Gift of the Magi ,husband and wife be able to give up the things they proud - long hair and watch, for the Christmas gifts. Although ultimately failed to achieve, but the flower of love is brightly blossoming.For example:But on an unusually quiet corner Soapy came to a standstill. Here was an old church, quaint and rambling and gabled. Through one violet-stained window a soft light glowed, where, no doubt, the organist loitered over the keys, making sure of his mastery of the coming Sabbath anthem. For there drifted out to Soapy’s ears sweet music tha t caught and held him transfixed against the convolutions of the iron fench.<The Cop and the Anthem> The hymn of music brought homeless to restart the courage of life, which reflects the virtuous sideof societyChapter 5 ConclusionTotally speaking, in O. Henry’s works, the events of some short stories are arranged in the specific order which exceed reader’s normal expectation to the arrangement of those events in his works, make the ending unpredictable and strange. O. Henry deliberately designs the little tricks with words, for he is a master of language and not its slave. These unexpected but reasonable endings, in many conditions ,are the mos t remarkable parts in the novel. They also engage something profound in the human psyche and reflect social reality in that age . device that would become identified with his name. Wit, irony, cleverness, individuality and local color are also traditional earmarks of the typical O’Henry story. In addition, his warmth of human understanding and sympathy with the “underdog” give many of his stories poignancy. In memory of his great contribution to American literature, American literary circles set up Henry Award in 1918.References[1] Medrick, Fred. An introduction to American literature[M]. Henan University Press, 1985[2] Hudson, Long. O Henry The Man and His Work[C]. New Y ork:Russell and Russell, 1969[3] O, Henry, Heart of the West[M]. New Y ork: McClure, 1907[4] O, Henry, The Four Million[M]. New York: Doubleday, Doran and Company. 1906[5] O, Henry, 欧亨利短篇小说[6] 李国宁欧亨利式结尾的艺术魅力[7] 赵书颖“含泪的笑”与“含笑的泪”浅析欧•亨利的主题[8] 赵丽，黄春妮欧亨利作品导读[M]. 武汉武汉大学出版社2003 P3[9] 欧亨利四百万[M]. 北京：外语教学与研究出版社，1988。
欧亨利短篇小说的主题思想和语言特点_英文_
大 众 文 艺大58day forward, Buck lived for that man. After being with this man for quite some time, Buck started to hear a call from far away. He started paying more and more attention to this call. He went out for days at a time searching for its source. This call was the call of the wild. He had a will to go off and be with other dogs. He felt the urge to be free from man and catch his own food. One day, Buck finally left for good. He was excepted by a pack of wolves who treated him like a wolf himself. And so the transformation was complete. Buck had changed from a dog, to a beast of nature.Bibliographies[1] London Jack. The Call of the Wild. [M]New York: Airmont Publishing Co. Inc, 1964.[2] Pizer, Donald. American Realism and Naturalism. [M]Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 2000.[3]The New Encyclopaedia Britannica, 15th ed.1993.[4]蒋承勇(主编). 欧美自然主义文学的现代阐释.[M]上海：复旦大学出版社,2002[5]柳鸣九.自然主义大师佐拉.[M]上海：上海文艺出版社,1989作者简介孙海晶（1983年-），女，满族，河北省遵化市人，北京第二外国语院，英语专业O’Henry, one of the three most famous short-story writers in the world, enjoys equal status with Chekhov and Maupassant. His short stories are famous for its unexpected ending, as well as their exquisite conception. O’Henry’s sympathy for the poor social underdogs, his eulogy of human virtues and exposure of human evils are highlighted as the keynote of his works. Humanity endows his works with perpetual artistic charm. His short stories are typically American, portraying various types of people in the United States.1 The Main Theme of O’Henry’s Works1.1Human VirtuesIn his works, O’Henry presents the panorama of the American people to readers with ironic and humorous tone. O’Henry is sympathetic with the poor; he praises the human virtues and denounces human defeats. Humanity, as the eternal theme of O’Henry’s works, endows his works with perpetual artistic charm. Human being has many virtues from ancient times to the present. They are kind, brave, honest, hard-working, polite, thrifty, generous, and hospitable and so on. Some people pay a great deal in order to maintain these virtues, they sacrifice their own happiness even life for the lofty love and friendship; they help others without asking for rewards and regard it as a pleasure; they give up their own treasure and chance to others etc. Such people bring love and fine things to the world; they are the ones who endow the world with light and hope.1.2 Human EvilsHuman beings have many defects, too. Sometimes they are lazy, rapacious, gluttonous, officious, vain, arrogant, shameless, cowardly, impetuous etc. They benefit themselves at the expense of others, they never show mercy and sympathy to the poor in order to make money, they realize their own aims by hook or by crook etc. Their evil deeds make the world vicious. By exposing the human defects and the dark sides of the world, O’Henry wants to awaken people’s conscience and deepest desire for all good things, so thatpeople can use their efforts to save and cleanse the whole world.2 Features of Language of O’Henry’s Works2.1 Figure of Speech 2.1.1 MetaphorIn O’Henry’s writings, metaphor is another feature which is worth mention. “A symbol differs from a metaphor in that its application is left open as an unstated suggestion, whereas the metaphor ties a concrete image to an identifiable abstract quality.” The image in metaphor represents specific meaning. But the symbolic image remains indeterminate in its possible meanings; it is usually a substantial image in its own right, around which further significances may gather according to differing interpretations.The metaphor under discussion here does not mean that as a rhetorical device or figure of speech, though the metaphorical sentences as wonderful as the one “Manhattan, the night-blooming cereus, was beginning to unfold its dead-white, heavy-odored petals” teem in O’Henry’s short stories. What is to be probed is the metaphor exploited as a skill in story-writing.In the third branch of Roads of Destiny, the hero David Mig not is a shepherd, but he is too indulged in writing poems to take enough care of his sheep. The flock steadily grows smaller and his wife keeps on complaining. Then one of his friends introduces him to a learned man called Georges Bril, David asks Monsieur Bril to read his poems, because he wants to know if he shall write more or give his attention to his sheep. When Monsieur Bril has read all the verses, he concludes that David has no talent for poem-writing. In order to tell the harsh truth in a mild way, he asks David to look at the crow in the tree. Instead of commenting on the poems directly, Monsleur Bril praises the crow that is content with his lot. In this metaphorical way he advises David tactfully not to try to write poems any more. David sees the point and feels discouraged. He goes back home and thrusts his poems into the stove. Hearing the rustle of the欧亨利短篇小说的主题思想和语言特点张明洋1 刘映雪2（1.长安大学 人文学院 西安 710064 2.沈阳师范大学 旅游管理学院 沈阳 110034）【摘 要】欧亨利是美国二十世纪初期最著名的短篇小说家之一。
欧·亨利小说的创作风格及其语言特色
欧·亨利小说的创作风格及其语言特色摘要：欧?亨利是美国19世纪末20世纪初重要的批判现实主义作家，他的作品以短篇小说为主，在创作上擅于从平凡的生活中选取题材，以小见大；安排细致精巧的故事情节，引人入胜；语言采用多种修辞手法，诙谐幽默；在小说的结尾设置上，出人意料，被定义为“欧?亨利式结尾”。
独特的艺术风格使得欧?亨利的作品享誉全球，历久弥新。
关键词：欧?亨利幽默语言故事情节引言欧?亨利是一位享誉世界文坛的著名短篇小说家，在创作风格上，以平凡真实的创作题材、细致精巧的故事情节、诙谐幽默的语言特征和出人意料的欧?亨利式结尾赢得了世界读者的赞誉和喜爱。
一、平凡真实的创作题材欧?亨利的小说选取的题材平凡而真实。
他所描写的往往是都市城镇普通人们日常生活中的情景，就像每天人们经历的喜怒哀乐一样平凡真实，但是他又能对这些平凡的生活进行细致入微地观察，将形形色色的平凡人进行艺术加工，生动再现底层人物的生活情景，从而对社会的主题进行深刻地披露。
欧?亨利善于从底层人民的生活中寻找素材进行文学创作，首先与他复杂的人生经历息息相关。
欧?亨利的一生坎坷波折，他由祖母和姑姑抚养长大，15岁的时候在叔叔的药房里当过学徒，1882年以后，他先后做过牧羊人、厨师、婴儿看护员、歌手、戏剧演员、药剂师、绘图员、记者和出纳员等多种职业。
在这段时间里，他深深感受到美国西部底层人们身上勤劳、善良、勇敢、淳朴的美好品质，他们的生活状态和性格特点都成为了欧?亨利小说的重要素材。
1896年，欧?亨利受到了盗用公款的起诉，他在被传讯的前一天出逃，次年回国探望妻子被捕。
入狱服刑期间，他担任了监狱的药剂师并认真开始小说创作。
在小说《警察与赞美诗》中，欧?亨利生动描写主人公希望通过骗吃骗喝、砸毁橱窗、小偷小摸被逮捕进监狱过冬的情景，《重新做人》里对盗贼吉米的描写，大概与他在狱中见闻有关。
丰富曲折的经历和与不同行业的底层人民的接触，使作者在小说中能够将真实的生活充分地体现出来。
《欧 亨利短篇小说选》英文读后感
《欧亨利短篇小说选》英文读后感As a renowned author of short stories, O. Henry has captured the hearts of many readers with his distinctive style of storytelling. In his collection of short stories titled "Selected Short Stories by O. Henry", Henry presents a unique view of life, full of twists and turns that often leave the reader with a sense of surprise and wonder.One of the stories in the book that stood out for me was "The Gift of the Magi". It tells of a young couple, Jim and Della, who are struggling financially but wish to give each other meaningful Christmas gifts. Unbeknownst to each other, Jim sells his precious pocket watch to buy Della a set of combs for her beautiful hair, while Della cuts her long locks and sells them to buy Jim a chain for his pocket watch.Henry's storytelling in this story is masterful, building up the tension as the two characters prepare for their gifts exchange, and culminating in a heartwarming ending that leaves the reader with a sense of joy and admiration for the couple's love and sacrifice for each other.Another story that I enjoyed is "The Last Leaf". It tells of two young women, Sue and Johnsy, who live in an apartment at the top of a building. Johnsy contracts pneumonia and becomes convinced that she will die when the last leaf falls from a vine outside her window. As the days go by and the leaves fall one by one, Sue calls on a neighbor to create a painting of a leaf on the wall to deceive Johnsy and bring her hope. Eventually, Johnsy recovers, and the two women discover that the leaf outside their window wasreal and had not fallen, serving as a symbol of hope and resilience.What impresses me most about "The Last Leaf" is the emotional depth that Henry is able to convey in such a short story. The character of Johnsy, in particular, is well written, and the reader feels her fear and desperation as she clings to the belief that she is going to die. The story also explores themes of friendship, hope, and the power of the human spirit to overcome adversity.Lastly, "A Retrieved Reformation" is a story that highlights Henry's skills in plot development and characterization. The story portrays the character of Jimmy Valentine, a skilled safe-cracker, who is released from prison after serving ten years. He adopts a new identity and tries to turn over a new leaf but is drawn back to his old ways when he learns that his love interest's father is locked inside a safe that he cannot open.The twist in this story comes when Jimmy, instead of using his skills to open the safe and steal from it, instead decides to use his expertise to save the man's life. Through this act of altruism, Jimmy is able to redeem himself and start a new life, leaving his criminal past behind.In conclusion, O. Henry's "Selected Short Stories" is an excellent collection that showcases his unique style of storytelling. The stories are each unique and have a timeless quality that speaks to their universal themes and relatable characters. I highly recommend this book to any reader looking for a great short story collection.。
欧亨利简介及评价 (中英双语)
欧·亨利与法国的莫泊桑、俄国的契诃夫并称为世界三大短篇小说巨匠。
近百年来，欧·亨利的小说在全世界一版再版，始终拥有大量的读者，足见其作品的生命力。
1918年，美国设立一年一度的“欧·亨利纪念奖”，专门奖励短篇小说的成就。
欧·亨利的名字早已和短篇小说的创作，和小人物的悲喜连在了一起。
他是一位高产的作家，一生中留下了一部长篇小说和近三百篇的短篇小说。
他的短篇小说构思精巧，风格独特，以表现美国中下层人民的生活、语言幽默、结局出人意料（即“欧·亨利式结尾”）而闻名于世。
正面欧·亨利的成功主要在于他善于捕捉和把握生活中的典型场面，在一个个生活的片断里，处于两难中的主人公必须面对抉择，这时不仅能集中刻画人物心理，也能充分展示生活中固有的矛盾。
再加上欧·亨利具有把情节剪裁得恰到好处的本领，因而能在很短的篇幅内达到一种思想与艺术相结合的完美效果，给人以强烈的印象，而这也正是短篇小说成功的关键。
反面有的外国评论家曾说过：“（欧·亨利的小说）不要真实性，没有道德意识，没有人生哲理。
”——不过这种说法被多数评论家所否定。
当时有人批评他的“欧·亨利式结尾”读多了就没意思。
——不过这种说法也被多数评论家所否定。
有人认为他的小说写的浅薄。
有人说：“在欧·亨利的所有小说中，找不出一个写得真实的人物。
”欧·亨利对自己的小说也不满意，一次他在给一位朋友的信中说过：“我是个失败的人。
我的小说究竟如何呢？老实说，我并不满意。
我就害怕人们说我是什么‘名作家’。
”O.Henry, with Maupassant and Chekhov['tʃekɔf], were honored as the three masters of short stories in the world. Again and again, his works were published all over the world, and were enjoyed by many readers, which showed its strong vitality [vaɪ'tælɪtɪ].O.Henry was a high-producing writer who left a novel and nearly three hundreds short stories. Writing at the rate of more than one story per week, O. Henry published ten collections of stories. In 1919 the O. Henry Memorial Awards for the best American short stories published each year were founded by the Society of Arts and Sciences.William Sydney Porter (September 11, 1862 –June 5, 1910), known by his pen name O. Henry, was an American writer. O. Henry's short stories are known for their wit, wordplay, warm characterization, and surprise endings.When you read his book, you will find the ending is always unexpected. For example, in the book The Cop[kɒp] and the Anthemf['ænθəm]，the hero Souby wanted to live in the prison for a settled life, so he caused some troubles, entertaining the intention of drawing the policeman’s attention. But unfortunately, things didn’t happen as he had wished. Later, Souby read an anthem by chance and decided to be a good guy. When readers, even Souby himself, believed that he would start a new life from then on, a policeman, who had once been longing for by Souby, was appeared and took Souby into the curt.The ending is out of blue, but you will find it is also resonable. It was this unique character made O.Henry’s works distinctive.O.Henry designed the ending as the soul of the whole book. He was good at writing the story dramatically and preparing the hints hidden in the unromantic and humor narration.As to O.Henry’s writing style, there exist two different sides. Some people give positivecomments about his works: O.Henry succeed by his perspective. He was able to catch a typical scene of everyday life and wrote it vividly in a short story, which achieved an artistic charm.However, there are also some critics hold an opposite view, for they think that his works was a little shallow—even O.Henry himself agreed that. He once said to one of his friends:”I am not satisfied with my works, and I’m afraid about being named as a ‘famous writer’.”Although the critic is reasonable to a certain degree, it can not be denied that O.Henry was a greatful writer. His works satirized the unfairness in that age powerfully and still have an influence.。
《欧亨利短篇小说集》主要情节
《欧亨利短篇小说集》主要情节欧亨利（O. Henry）是美国著名的短篇小说家，以其精彩的叙事、巧妙的结构和出人意料的结局而著称。
《欧亨利短篇小说集》收录了他的许多经典作品，本文将介绍其中一些主要情节。
1. 《礼物的权利》（The Gift of the Magi）这个故事发生在圣诞节前夕，讲述了年轻夫妇吉姆和多拉为了给对方买礼物而做出的牺牲。
吉姆卖掉了他的怀表来买多拉的发针，而多拉则将她的长发剪掉，换取吉姆的怀表链。
最终，他们互相奉献的礼物虽然变得无用，但却展现了他们深爱对方的情感。
2. 《最后一片叶子》（The Last Leaf）故事发生在一个秋天的天气变冷的晚上，主要描写了两位年轻女孩苏西和约翰。
苏西生病后，她相信自己会死去，因为她活在一株树上的叶子数目决定了她的生死。
而约翰是个画家，他画了一片假叶子贴在树上，为了让苏西相信还有希望。
最后，约翰因为寒冷而感染肺炎去世，但苏西因为看到画上的叶子没有掉落而找到希望，并最终康复。
3. 《声音与大脑的标志》（The Voice of the City）这个故事以纽约这座繁华城市为背景，讲述了一个把“声音”和“大脑的标志”联系在一起的情节。
故事中的女主人公，一个小资的文学爱好者，在一次意外中失声。
她在城市中四处寻找声音，最终找到了这个声音的源头——一个拾荒者，他用他对城市环境的了解预测了城市的未来。
通过这个故事，欧亨利传达了城市的思想与活力。
4. 《福伦特德家族》（The Furnished Room）这个故事发生在一个破败的租房屋中，描绘了一个绝望无助的年轻人试图找到他失散多年的情人。
他租下了一个曾经是她居住过的房间，并被房间里的氛围所吸引。
最终，他发现了情人留下的一封信，得知她已经去世。
这个故事通过描述一个房间中的气息和布置，展现了一个消失的爱情。
5. 《屋顶上的猫》（The Cat on the Roof）这个故事以一只孤独的猫为主角，以战争年代为背景。
欧亨利《麦琪的礼物》欧·亨利创作的短篇小说,讲述了一对穷困的
欧亨利《麦琪的礼物》欧·亨利创作的短篇小说，讲述了一对穷困的各位读友大家好，此文档由网络收集而来，欢迎您下载，谢谢麦琪的礼物。
《麦琪的礼物》欧·亨利创作的短篇小说。
讲述了一对穷困的年轻夫妇忍痛割爱互赠圣诞礼物的故事。
反映了美国下层人民生活的艰难。
赞美了主人公善良的心地和纯真爱情。
作品名称,麦琪的礼物。
外文名称,The Gift of the Magi。
文学体裁,短篇小说。
欧亨利作者,欧·亨利。
首版时间,1906年。
字数,约3500。
内容简介。
《麦琪的礼物》讲述的是一个圣诞节里发生在社会下层的小家庭中的故事。
男主人公吉姆是一位薪金仅够维持生活的小职员。
女主人公德拉是一位贤惠善良的主妇。
他们的生活贫穷。
但吉姆和德拉各自拥有一样极珍贵的宝物。
吉姆有祖传的一块金表。
德拉有一头美丽的瀑布般的秀发。
为了能在圣诞节送给对方一件礼物。
吉姆卖掉了他的金表为德拉买了一套“纯玳瑁做的。
边上镶着珠宝”的梳子；德拉卖掉了自己的长发为吉姆买了一条白金表链。
他们都为对方舍弃了自己最宝贵的东西。
而换来的礼物却因此变得毫无作用了。
创作背景。
欧·亨利出生于美国的一个医生家庭。
幼年丧母。
在其少年时期。
家道没落。
15岁的他开始进入社会谋生。
独自承担起生活的重任。
他做过药房学徒。
当过牧羊工。
在银行做过出纳和会计的工作。
在土地局当过办事员。
不同的工作经历和生活体验以及独自一人在社会中闯荡使年幼的欧·亨利过早的体会到了生活的不易与艰辛。
在底层社会生活的他不仅要为生活的琐事而操心。
而且上层社会的剥夺与压榨更让他的生活穷困潦倒。
生活在底层生活的欧·亨利自觉为小人物立言。
自命是纽约四百多万贫民的代表。
作者的生存环境与所处的阶层在《麦琪的礼物》这篇小说中都有所体现。
主人公所处的社会阶级以及生活的艰苦与辛酸也是欧·亨利的个人写照。
•19世纪的美国资本主义垄断正在急剧发展。
企业和工厂的资本家为了获得更高的利润加大了对工人的压榨。
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大 众 文 艺大58day forward, Buck lived for that man. After being with this man for quite some time, Buck started to hear a call from far away. He started paying more and more attention to this call. He went out for days at a time searching for its source. This call was the call of the wild. He had a will to go off and be with other dogs. He felt the urge to be free from man and catch his own food. One day, Buck finally left for good. He was excepted by a pack of wolves who treated him like a wolf himself. And so the transformation was complete. Buck had changed from a dog, to a beast of nature.Bibliographies[1] London Jack. The Call of the Wild. [M]New York: Airmont Publishing Co. Inc, 1964.[2] Pizer, Donald. American Realism and Naturalism. [M]Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 2000.[3]The New Encyclopaedia Britannica, 15th ed.1993.[4]蒋承勇(主编). 欧美自然主义文学的现代阐释.[M]上海：复旦大学出版社,2002[5]柳鸣九.自然主义大师佐拉.[M]上海：上海文艺出版社,1989作者简介孙海晶（1983年-），女，满族，河北省遵化市人，北京第二外国语院，英语专业O’Henry, one of the three most famous short-story writers in the world, enjoys equal status with Chekhov and Maupassant. His short stories are famous for its unexpected ending, as well as their exquisite conception. O’Henry’s sympathy for the poor social underdogs, his eulogy of human virtues and exposure of human evils are highlighted as the keynote of his works. Humanity endows his works with perpetual artistic charm. His short stories are typically American, portraying various types of people in the United States.1 The Main Theme of O’Henry’s Works1.1Human VirtuesIn his works, O’Henry presents the panorama of the American people to readers with ironic and humorous tone. O’Henry is sympathetic with the poor; he praises the human virtues and denounces human defeats. Humanity, as the eternal theme of O’Henry’s works, endows his works with perpetual artistic charm. Human being has many virtues from ancient times to the present. They are kind, brave, honest, hard-working, polite, thrifty, generous, and hospitable and so on. Some people pay a great deal in order to maintain these virtues, they sacrifice their own happiness even life for the lofty love and friendship; they help others without asking for rewards and regard it as a pleasure; they give up their own treasure and chance to others etc. Such people bring love and fine things to the world; they are the ones who endow the world with light and hope.1.2 Human EvilsHuman beings have many defects, too. Sometimes they are lazy, rapacious, gluttonous, officious, vain, arrogant, shameless, cowardly, impetuous etc. They benefit themselves at the expense of others, they never show mercy and sympathy to the poor in order to make money, they realize their own aims by hook or by crook etc. Their evil deeds make the world vicious. By exposing the human defects and the dark sides of the world, O’Henry wants to awaken people’s conscience and deepest desire for all good things, so thatpeople can use their efforts to save and cleanse the whole world.2 Features of Language of O’Henry’s Works2.1 Figure of Speech 2.1.1 MetaphorIn O’Henry’s writings, metaphor is another feature which is worth mention. “A symbol differs from a metaphor in that its application is left open as an unstated suggestion, whereas the metaphor ties a concrete image to an identifiable abstract quality.” The image in metaphor represents specific meaning. But the symbolic image remains indeterminate in its possible meanings; it is usually a substantial image in its own right, around which further significances may gather according to differing interpretations.The metaphor under discussion here does not mean that as a rhetorical device or figure of speech, though the metaphorical sentences as wonderful as the one “Manhattan, the night-blooming cereus, was beginning to unfold its dead-white, heavy-odored petals” teem in O’Henry’s short stories. What is to be probed is the metaphor exploited as a skill in story-writing.In the third branch of Roads of Destiny, the hero David Mig not is a shepherd, but he is too indulged in writing poems to take enough care of his sheep. The flock steadily grows smaller and his wife keeps on complaining. Then one of his friends introduces him to a learned man called Georges Bril, David asks Monsieur Bril to read his poems, because he wants to know if he shall write more or give his attention to his sheep. When Monsieur Bril has read all the verses, he concludes that David has no talent for poem-writing. In order to tell the harsh truth in a mild way, he asks David to look at the crow in the tree. Instead of commenting on the poems directly, Monsleur Bril praises the crow that is content with his lot. In this metaphorical way he advises David tactfully not to try to write poems any more. David sees the point and feels discouraged. He goes back home and thrusts his poems into the stove. Hearing the rustle of the欧亨利短篇小说的主题思想和语言特点张明洋1 刘映雪2（1.长安大学 人文学院 西安 710064 2.沈阳师范大学 旅游管理学院 沈阳 110034）【摘 要】欧亨利是美国二十世纪初期最著名的短篇小说家之一。