exercise sheet for types of speech-1
After-class Exercises for Chapter 2 Phonology (1)
After-class Exercisesfor Chapter 2 Phonology (1)I. Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C, or D in the brackets.1. The study of how people use their speech organs to produce speech sounds is of great interest to those working in the area of __________.A. phonologyB. articulatory phoneticsC. auditory phoneticsD. acoustic phonetics2. Acoustic phoneticians try to describe the _________ properties of the stream of sounds whicha speaker issues.A. oralB. mentalC. physicalD. recorded3. Of all the speech organs, the __________ is or are the most flexible.A. mouthB. lipsC. tongueD. vocal cords4. Voicing as a quality of speech sounds is caused by the vibration of __________ .A. the lipsB. the vocal cordsC. the glottisD. the uvula5. Vibration of the vocal cords results in a quality of speech sounds called voicing, which is a feature of __________.A. all consonantsB. all consonants and some vowelsC. vowels onlyD. all vowels and some consonants6. __________ transcription is the one required and used by the phoneticians in their study of speech sounds.A. BroadB. DetailedC. WideD. Narrow7. In terms of the place of articulation, the following sounds [t], [d], [s], [z], [n] share the feature __________.A. palatalB. alveolarC. bilabialD. dental8. The consonant [f] in English can be correctly described as having the following phonetic features: __________.A. voiceless bilabial stopB. voiceless labiodental fricativeC. voiced bilabial stopD. voiced labiodental fricative9. The vowel [u:] in English has all the following features EXCEPT __________.A. longB. roundedC. closedD. central10. All the back vowels in English are pronounced with rounded lips except __________.A. []B. [u:]C. []D. []11. The following four vowels are all close vowels, but only __________ has the features of “front” and “short”.A. [i:]B. [i]C. [u:]D. []12. __________are produced by moving from one vowel position to another through intervening positions.A. VowelsB. ConsonantsC. DiphthongsD. Lax vowelsII. Directions: Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false. Put a T for true or F for false in the brackets in front of each statement. If you think a statement is false, you are required to give the correct version.1. Phonetics is concerned with the speech sounds which distinguish meaning.2. Of the three branches of phonetics, acoustic phonetics is the longest established, and until recently the most highly developed.3. The greatest source of modification of the air stream is found in the oral cavity.4. All the English nasal consonants are voiced.5. The orthographic representation of speech sounds with diacritics is normally not used in dictionaries and teaching textbooks.6. Although the [l] sound is represented by the same symbol in the two combinations of [li:f] and [fi:l], it is actually pronounced differently.7. When the soft palate is lowered, the air cannot escape through the nose and a nasal sound cannot be made.8. The three voiceless stops /p/, /t/, /k/ are aspirated when preceded by /s/ and followed by a vowel.9. The classification of English consonants involves both manner of articulation and place of articulation.10. When the obstruction created by the speech organs is total or complete, the speech sound produced with the obstruction audibly released and the air passing out again is called a fricative.11. The English stops include [p], [b], [t], [d], [k], [g], [f], [v].12. In producing a vowel, the air stream coming from the lungs meets with no obstruction whatsoever while in the production of a consonant it is obstructed in one way or another.13. With no exception all the front vowels in English are unrounded.14. With no exception all the back vowels in English are rounded.15. In English, the long vowels are all tense vowels because when we pronounce a long vowel such as /i:/, the larynx is in a state of tension.III. Directions: Define the following terms.voicing (P18)broad transcription (P21)vowel (P23)fricative (P23-24)IV. Answer the following questions.1. How are the English consonants classified? (P23-25)2. What criteria are used to classify the English vowels? (P27-29)Keys to After-class ExercisesI.1-5 B C C B D 6-10 D B B D A 11-12 B CII.错误的为1 2 7 8 10 11 14，其余正确。
实用英语教程第一册课后练习答案
实用英语教程第一册课后练习答案Unit 1 Passage AExercise 5:1.开设账户；与银行结账；活期存款账户；a savings account.2.适应新的生活；adjust to the life in a big city; 校准手表；调整误差。
3.坐落在商业中心；be located in the city centre; 找到那家商店；locate a place on the map.4.对新方法感到困惑；迷惑不解的学生；混淆黑白；弄乱账目。
Exercise 6:1-5in a row; handle; account; cope with; adds to;6-10 clue; savings; adjust to; Now that; check;11-15 located; had…off; on her own; confused; aspect. Exercise 7:1.We want to look for a place where no cars are parkedon the streets.2.The house he lives in was once a village post office.3.In 2005 we moved to Boston where my grandparentslived.4.She asked me to put my books in her office where Icould find them quickly and easily.5.They showed us the place where they once lived andworked.Exercise 8:1-5 working; to be…talking; not turning on; taking…to get; going;6-10 laughing; going; swimming; living; carrying. Passage B Exercise 3:1-5 opportunity; stay young; grew up; secret; achieved; 6-10smiled at; take on; shared; introduce; turn around; 11-15 challenge; looked around; experience; retire; dreaming of.Exercise 4:1.In our first class, we met a woman who was highlysuccessful in her business.2.I was lucky enough to have a kind and patient teacherwho often praised all of the students.3.The man who retired at 54 went back to work for thecompany on a part time basis.4.These students who attended the course passed theexam with a B.5.He rang James who was a good friend as well as thefamily doctor.Skills Development and PracticePractice 3:3-1-1-8: 一般阅读；定期航班；固定工作；常客；匀速；普通汽油；规则动词；正规军。
Tips for Different Types of Speeches演讲技巧
Tips for Different Types of SpeechesMatch Your Style to the OccasionDifferent occasions will call for different types of speeches. Keep these tips in mind when you think about the type of speech you are going to deliver:∙Speaking to Inform: When speaking to inform, the best course of action is to be as simple as possible. You should use presentation aids to help clarify processes. Walkingthe audience through a series of steps is highly effective in informative speaking. Break everything down, don’t make assumptions, and reiterate key points.∙Speaking to Persuade: Using logic and facts to lay out your argument is the most effective way to persuadepeople. Anticipate questions, keep returning to the keyreason for supporting your cause, and be confident. When appropriate, emotional appeals are also effective.∙Special Occasion Speaking:Toasts, awardpresentations, acceptance speeches, keynote addresses,commencement addresses, and eulogies are all verycommon special occasion speeches. These are done bestwhen brief, sincere, and witty (when appropriate).Professional Speaking: Be prepared for questions, use presentation aids to simplify complex ideas and structure your thoughts so you can lead toward a logical conclusion.Preparing Your SpeechHow To Organize Your SpeechSo you know what you want to talk about. Now it's time to consider how to organize your speech. Organizing your speech will do wonders for your effectiveness. In general, make sure that your speech has a clear purpose. For every part of your speech, you should be able to answer the question: Why is this important? Making an outline of your speech is a great tool because you can layout the main sections, fit in supporting evidence, and build in transitions from section to section. As for laying out the structure of your speech, here are a few types of organization you may like to try:Type of DescriptionOrganizationProblem and Solution This is a good approach if you are making a recommendation in your speech. Start with a description of the problem. Then propose the solution.Story Telling - Past, Present, Future If you want to expain something, try telling its story. Start with the past, then the present, and finally, the future. Using this structure makes it easy for the audience to follow along.Cause and Effect The Cause and Effect approach is another useful way to describe an event. You can start with either the cause or the effect, but be clear about which one you are discussing.Doing the ResearchGood research can go a long way in making a good speech. There are two main reasons to do research. First, do research to develop the meat of your speech. The audience will appreciate itif you speak as if you are an expert on your topic. You can do this if you do a little research. Second, do research to make your speech interesting. You can spice up your speech with statistics, jokes, and interesting facts. You don't have to be Mark Twain to write something interesting. If you're not a creative genius, do some research, find something interesting, and add it to your speech. Here are a few websites to get you started:/quotations/ - A great site for famous quotes/ - A site loaded with interesting facts / - Good site for jokes/cia/publications/factbook/ - Authoritative site for population and economic statisticsIntroductions and ConclusionsThe Most Important Parts of the SpeechWhile the introductions and conclusions may only last for a minute or two, these elements are by far the most important parts of your speech. Your introduction is your first impression,and it sets the audience's view about whether the speech will be interesting, relevant, smart, and so on. The conclusion shapes the audience's memory of the speech. If you get a laugh, they will probably think it was funny. If you make a great insight, they will remember it as insightful. Nail the introduction and conclusion and your speech will be on its way to greatness.Great Introductions are InterestingThere is no one way to create a great introduction, but if there is one common trait among effective introductions, it's that they are interesting. You may have a joke, quote, fact, story--there are a lot of options--but make sure your introduction starts off interesting.In business settings, it's important to include the agenda of the speech in the introduction. Be succinct and simple so that everyone can easily know what you are going to cover. Make sure everyone has similar expectations and set the vibe you want to create in the first 30 seconds. It's also effective to use the old fashioned approach of: Tell them what you are going to tell them; tell them; and then tell them what you told them. To do this, you need to start with a brief summary.Conclusions - Famous Last WordsConclusions are a great opportunity to summarize key points of your speech. Let your audience know, out of all the things you talked about, what you want them to remember, and if relevant, what actions they should take with the information. Some of the most effective conclusions end with a story that ties together the whole speech and leaves people thinking about what you said. A good way to get some ideas for conclusions (and introductions) is to look at examples. Here are some websites with a good library of speeches and we've included a few examples below.You will be able to organize your thoughts more easily and more effectively if you bear in mind this simple structure for speeches:1. tell them what you are going to tell them;2. tell them;3. tell them what you have told them.这是美国著名的脱口秀主持人Larry King （拉里.金）的提法。
Whip Speeches双语版
• Advanced Level (Fundamental Qs)
骨灰级（追本溯源法）
Basic: Summary Method
入门级：分歧汇总法
1. Pick the arguments your side is already winning.选取本方已经攻占的论点。 2. Convince the judges that your chosen points are the most important ones4. 重组方法必须看起来公平合理.。 例如：在禁烟这个辩题中, 假如反方 将烟草问题有关各方分为以下三类：烟 农, 烟草工人和治疗吸烟有关疾病的医生，这将 是不公平不合理的。因为这个分组（一看就知道） 没有囊括所有各方。
Advanced: Fundamental questions (The Best ) 骨灰级：追本溯源法（最好的）
*由于正四已经对己方立论按照于己有利的原则进行了梳理和重构，而正四
又是正方最后一人，没有更多的阐释了，于是正四的立论对反四而言就是相 对“不熟悉”的了。在此基础上进行直接反驳的话，容易显得被对方带走了。 对于正四而言直接反驳反三的扩展则不存在这个情况。
Criteria of a good whip speech
Strategy of Whip Speech
党鞭陈词策略
• 1) Select the most important issues
选取最重要的问题
• 2) Select the issues at your advantage
选取于己有利的问题
• 3) Avoid repeating opponents’ remarks
• Eg. The Fundamental Questions of example 1 This House would ban smoking in China.
现代大学英语精读1Unit1课后练习答案
Unit OneKey to ExercisePreview:1 True or false <P.6-7>1F 2T 3F4F 5T 6F 7T 8T 9T 10TVocabulary1. Identify the parts of speech of the following words and list the suffixes used. <P.10>Noun suffixes: -tion, -ment, -ing, -ness, -or/erAdjective suffixes: -ful, -less, -edAdverb suffixes: -ly2. Write down the corresponding adverbs, adjectives, nouns or verbs of the following words. <P.10-11>1. Their corresponding adverbs are: Simply, hurriedly, terribly, possibly, miserably, politely, fortunately, practically, physically, favorably, roughly, seriously2. Their corresponding adjectives are: complete, accurate, particular, total, absolute, easy, angry, miserable, exact, final3. Their corresponding nouns are: power <powerfulness>, success <successfulness>, care <carefulness>, tear <tearfulness>, meaning <meaninglessness>, home <homelessness>, price <pricelessness>4. Their corresponding verbs are:express, impress, attend, celebrate, attract, spell, produce, pollute, prevent, oppose, organize, inform, appoint, require, judge3.Translate the following expressions, paying attention to the different use of the suffixes "-ful" and " –less". <P.11>1.一个有用的词11.一只对人无害的动物2. 一条很有帮助的建议12. 一个无耻的撒谎者3. 一次痛苦的经历13.一个无阶级的社会4. 一个含泪的声音14.很有希望的形势5. 一场无望的战争15.一次富有成果的访问6. 一颗无价的宝石16.一支强大的军队7. 一本无用的书17．一个粗心的错误8. 仔细一看18.一个无家可归的孩子9. 一个多事的年份〔多事之秋19.一个牙齿已掉光的老汉10. 一个有害的习惯20.一朵无名的花plete the sentences by translating the Chinese in the brackets <P.11>1. differ2. differently, different3. difference4. serious, serious, seriously5. seriousness, seriously polluted6. Fortunately/ Luckily, pollution, seriously, pollute7. attention8. attentively, attentive2 Complete the following verb + noun collocations or expressions. <P.12>1. Take2. lose/find3. dry4. play5. take/have6. tell/read/write7. change/speak/read/cross8. life/facts/reality/difficulties9. an event/a plan/the news/the death/the marriage10. a country/a place/privacy11. a river/a street/a bridge/a desert/the sea12. an end/a decision/a place13. workers/waiters/servants/people3 Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the phrases and expressions. <P.12>4 Translate the following sentences using words and expressions taken from the text.1. 他们利用我们求助无门的困境把我们公司接管了。
key_ideas
Key ideas-- the Speech Process Types of speeches1.Impromptu (chapter 11)2.Extemporaneous (chapter 3; 11)rmative (chapter 13)4.Persuasive (chapter 14)5.Special occasions (chapter 15)Of introductionOf presentationOf acceptanceToastsCommemorativeOrganizing a Speech—methods/techniques/vocabularyI. Introduction- Get audience attention (chapter 3; chapter 8)A. Pose a questionB. Tell a storyC. Make a startling statementD. Open with a quotationE. establish credibilityF. PREVIEW STATEMENT—identifies main points to be discussed in the body.1. Ex. “Today, I will inform you about the symptoms, causes, and treatment of high bloodpressure.”II. BodyA.Main Points. (central features of speech from preview statement) | (chapter 7)Present main points in strategic order depending on topic, purpose, audience1. Chronological order (by date & time or period)2. Spatial order (east, west, south, north| right, left, up, down)3. Topical order (by subject; logical)4. problem-solution order (page 92)B.Supporting materials (chapter 6)1.Examples- brief, extended, hypothetical2.Statistics- single, multiple | round-off all stats3.Testimonies- quotations or paraphrasesExpert testimony (professional)Peer testimony (friend, classmate, family member)C. Connectives—connect ideas & indicate relationship. (chapter 7)Transitions (indicate relationships by building bridges)Internal preview (indicate what comes next like preview statement)Internal summary (remind listeners of previous points just heard)Signposts (brief statements | glaring, obvious)The first cause, the second cause, the third causeIII. Conclusion-- reinforce understanding and commitment to central idea (chapter 8)A.Signal the end of speechB.Summarize speechC.End with quotationD.Make dramatic statement –“give me liberty, or give me death!”The Visual Framework—preparation outlines and speaking outlines (chapter 9)Guidelines & requirements for preparation outline1.Specific purpose statement & central ideabel the introduction, body, & conclusione consistent pattern of symbolization & indentatione full sentencesbel connectives6.Attach a bibliography & give speech a titleThe Specific Purpose Statement & Central Idea (chapter 4; 7)The General Purpose: the broad goal of a speechTo inform | to persuade | to congratulate | to accept an award |to introduce a speakerThe Specific Purpose: states precisely what you hope to accomplish in a full infinitive phrase.“To persuade my audience that tougher measures are needed to control illegal timber cutting.”The Central Idea: summarizes the major ideas with resonating clarity in one sentence (what do you want audience to remember?)“Illegal timber cutting is a serious problem that requires a combination of government action, individual awareness, and organized protest.”Main ideas: organized strategically by topical order, chronological order, spatial order, or problem solution.I. Illegal cutting of timber is a serious problem in many parts of China and in the world.II. The problem can be solved by a combination of individual awareness, organized protest, and government action.The General Purpose: to informThe Specific Purpose: To inform my audience that illegal timber cutting is a serious problem in China and in the world.Central Idea: Chinese companies are quickly depleting China’s last timber resources and are responsible for an estimated 75% of the world’s illegal timber markets inside and out side of China.Main Ideas:I.In China…II.In Russia…III.In South East Asia…IV.In the Amazon Rain forests…The General Purpose: To informThe Specific Purpose: To inform my audience about the three major regions in Italy.Central Idea: Northern, central, and southern Italy have their own identities and attractions.Main Points:I. Northern Italy is home to Venice and its world-famous canals.II. Central Italy is home to Rome and its historical treasures.III. Southern Italy is home to Sicily and its culinary traditions.Speaking outline: (page 124)-- Easy to read at a glance | no preview statement`Contains key words or phrases to help you remember and essential statistics and quotations`Legible (good readable handwriting)`Brief (no need for complete sentences)`Delivery cues:Eye contact!!Slow down--Pause—GestureChapter 13 Speaking to InformTopics:Animals common in or unique to a European countryProcess of making wine, liquors, beers, chesses, dishes, snacks, etcAn event in time, past or present, in a European countryConcepts of literary and historical significance in EuropeChapter 14 Speaking to PersuadeTopics:The government of…should take action to…The school of…at DUT should …Debates:All International borders should be open for freedom of movementThe government should encourage emigration to the country side。
文体学整理
StylisticsIntroduction to stylistics: Necessity of the course1) the ultimate aim: cultivation of creative thinking2) general education3) an interdisciplinary field of study—involves the combining of the two or more academic field into one single discipline4) the study and interpretation of texts from a linguistic perspectiveChapter 1 Style and Stylistics1.1 A T aste of StyleStyle is considered an important factor in writing, and is an important part of a writing course. But often people payFrom the perspective of the users of the language, style is speakers addressing different people in different ways.From the perspective of the function of the text, style is the functions of texts for different purposes.The definition of style used in this book is a general, linguistic-oriented one: Manners indicating prominent liguistic features,features of different varieties of language at different levels. Stylistics is an inter ‗disciplinary(跨学科的，学科间的) field of2.Spelling. → Graphology3.Words. → Lexicon4.Grammar. → Syntax5.Meaning. → SemanticsSound features:Pun双关: Using the same sound to express different meanings in the same context.1. Seven days without water makes one weak. 七天不进水，人就会虚弱。
第一册-职通商务英语-综合教程-全书教案
• to persuade • to inform • to request • to express thanks • to remind • to recommend • to apologize • to congratulate • to reject a proposal or offer • to introduce a person or policy • to invite or welcome • to follow up • to formalize decisions
• letter • memo • fax • email
Who writes Business Letters? Most people who have an occupation have to write business letters. Some write many letters each
6th -7th period * Listening and Speaking: Business Telephoning 1. Ask students to listen to the dialog and finish Exercise 3. 2. Have students to study the sample dialog and do Exercise 3 about expressing opinions.
2
教学内容及过程： Teaching Procedures：
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
Important is that we should learn the way to deal with each other and to fit the society.
Associate of the Institute of Bankers:AIB
University of California at San Diego:UCSD
Write the whole names of the abbreviations:
AIDSAcquired ImmureDeficiencySyndrome
ICBCIndustrial and Commercial Bank of China
BBC: British Broadcasting Company
USAthe United States of America
UFO: Unidentified Flying Object
Revise the sentences to make them correct:
What has happened? You look happy!
4.Bikes have brought us a lot of convenient in addition to their cheap.
Bikes have brought us a lot of convenience in addition to their low price.
A graduate went to Shenzhen to look for a job. Unfortunately,his baggage includinghis purse,identity card as well as certificate was stolen by a hateful thief when he got off the train. Worse of all, he could findno relativethere and it became hopelessfor himto findajob.
1.Have little knowledge is out of style.
Havinglittle knowledge is out of style.
2.People there are very health.
People there are very healthy.
3.What has happened? You look happily!
9.This is a address of **company, and it is going to invite applications for a job,so you can have a chance with this card.
This is the address of… company, and it is going to invite applications, you can have a chance with this card.
7.Every industries also have a good person with ability.
Every industry also has a good person with ability.
8.A graduate went to Shenzhen to look for a job. Unfortunately,his baggage which includinghis purse,identity card as well as certificate was stolen by a hateful thief when he got off the train. Worse of all, no relative he could find there and it became hopeless to find the job.
11.In all, we can’t be of successful without our hard work.
In all, we can’t be of success without our hard work.
5.200 university graduates are applying for the position as a bathman. So people have focus on it and they have difference view.
200 university graduates are applying for the position as a bathman.People haveafocus on it and they have differentviews.
Item
Class
Student Number
Name
(Chinese)
Score
TYPES OF SPEECH
Abbreviaernational Federation of Teachers' Associations:IFTA
International Iron and Steel Institute:IISI
10.The movie tells of a panda, named Paul who was very lazy, that had a dream that he wanted to learn Kong Fu.
The movie tells a story of a panda, named Paul who was very lazy and who had a dream to learn Kong Fu.