British literature class 3
英国文学简介--General Introduction to British Literature
Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, 1375-1400
Medieval Literature
Geoffrey Chaucer He is regarded as the father of English
poetry. The Canterbury Tales is his
3. 17th Century British Literature
John Bunyan He is a religious novelist whose
style was modeled after that of the English Bible. His language is concrete and vivid. His masterpiece, The Pilgrim's Progress, is the most successful religious allegory.
British Literature
1. Old English Period (449-1066)
historical background
Anglo-Saxon conquest in 449; Norman conquest in 1066.
Old English literature is also called AngloSaxon Literature
The Battle of Books书战 A Tale of a Tub木桶的故事 The Drapper‟s Letters一个麻 布商的书信 A Modest Proposal一个小小 的建议 Gulliver‟s Travels格列佛游记
Daniel Defoe丹尼尔· 笛福1660~1731
The Review (periodical founded by Defoe) 评论报 Robinson Crusoe 鲁宾逊漂流记
Henry Fielding亨利· 菲尔丁1707~1754
The History of the Adventures of Joseph Andrews 约瑟夫· 安德鲁 The Life of Mr Jonathan Wild, the Great大诗人江 奈生· 威尔德 Amelia爱米利亚 The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling汤姆· 琼斯 The Historical Register for 1736一七三六年历史记 事 Don Quixote in England堂吉柯德在英国
The Renaissance - rebirth or revival Humanism - the essence of the Renaissance, the dignity of human being & the importance of the present life Best representatives: Thomas More, Christopher Marlowe, William Shakespeare
English literature III文艺复兴英国文学
The English Bible
❖ Ampart from its religious influence, the Authorized Version has had a great influence on English language and literature. About 93 percent of the 6,000 words used in it are the main words of native English. So with the widespread influence of the English Bible, the standard modern English had been fixed aqnd confirmed. A great number of Bible coinages and phrases have passed into daily English speech as householde words and are often used with no knowledge of their origin. So English Bible has woven its phrases and expressions into the texture of the English language, English literature and English life.
the Reformation
❖ She was shrewd and tactful to a fault. She made friends with the opposing sides of the religious conflict—Catholic Spain and Protestant France, and at home she set about uniting the divided country. She made the Church of England steer strictly the middle of the road, learning toward neither the Catholics nor the Protestants, and effectively practiced religious tolerance to the relife of the people. She encouraged learning and adventures and was a great patron of literature. As a result she was able to secure a 30-year period of peace for the country so that England slowly but steadily crawled to the zenith of wealth and power during her reign. When Francis Drake defeated the Spanish Armada in 1588, England became the first sea power in the world. This was the point at which the expansion of the British Empire began.
英国文学简介--General Introduction to British Literature
Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, 1375-1400
Medieval Literature
Geoffrey Chaucer He is regarded as the father of English poetry. The Canterbury Tales is his masterpiece. He presents, for the first time in English literature, a comprehensive realistic picture of the medieval English society and creates a whole gallery of vivid characters from all works of life. It was Chaucer who made London dialect the foundation for modern English speech. His characterization is vivid.
Reading British literary works can enable us to gain deeper insights into its culture.
Different stages of British Literature
1. Medieval Literature (approximately from 500 BC to 1485) Beowulf Beowulf, a typical example of Old English poetry, is regarded as the greatest national epic of the AngloSaxons. The epic describes the heroic deeds of a Scandinavian hero, Beowulf, in fighting against the monster Grendel, his revengeful mother, and a fire-breathing dragon. The poem conveys a hope that the righteous will triumph over the evil.
《英美概况》教学大纲
《英语国家概况》课程教学大纲课程编号：B0715110课程名称：英语国家概况总学时：32适用对象：英语专业本科三年级学生先修课程：基础英语，英语口语，英语听力，英语语音，英语写作后续课程：英美文学一、课程性质、目标与任务1.课程类型：必修课√□选修课□公共课□专业基础课□专业课√□集中实践教学环节□2.课程性质：纯实践课□纯理论课□实践为主课□理论为主课√□理实一体化□3.课程目标及任务《英语国家概况》是介绍英语国家社会与文化入门的一门课程。
开设本课的目的在于使学生通过学习，了解英美国家的历史、地理、社会、经济、政治、教育等方面的情况及其文化传统，内容庞杂、信息量大。
培养学生正确分析有关英美等国问题的能力，并能以正确的眼光看待世界上所发生的问题，提高学生对文化差异的敏感性、宽容性和处理文化差异的灵活性，培养学生跨文化交际能力。
把学生培养成为高素质的人才，同时又能爱祖国、热爱社会主义，致力为祖国的繁荣、发达而努力的人才，培养学生树立正确世界观。
同时，通过课文的学习和各种练习的实践，达到提高英语水平的目的。
通过比较学习不同文化中具有特殊文化涵义的词语与表达式，可以促使学生掌握一些特殊词语的深层次意义，是对词汇的学习以及翻译水平的提高的有益补充；通过开展中外文化的比较，让学生切身感受到成功的交际仅有语言是远远不够的，文化方面的因素有时所起的作用远远大于语言本身，必将为英语学习者成功地参与国际商务活动，更有效地进行国际合作与交流打下坚实的文化基础。
二、课时分配三、教学组织Unit One Introduction to the UK[教学目标与要求]：Understanding of:1 geographical features, climate2 characteristics of the UK3 history of the UK4distribution of the UK’s population[本章主要内容]：1 geographical features, climate2 characteristics of the UK3 history of the UK4distribution of the UK’s population[本章重点]：1 features of invasion of the UK2 the Great Empire, gentleman[本章难点]：Troubles in the Northern Ireland[本章思考题]：1．What is gentleman?2．The influences of the Great EmpireUnit Two The government of the UK[教学目标与要求]：Understanding of:1 Constitutional Monarchy2 British parliament and its functions3 British government[本章主要内容]：1 Constitutional Monarchy2 British parliament and its functions3 British government[本章重点]：1 Constitutional Monarchy2 British parliament and its functions[本章难点]：Constitutional Monarchy[本章思考题]：1．How long do you think the royal family can exist?Unit Three Politics, class and race[教学目标与要求]：Understanding of:1 understanding of the general election of the UK2 social class3 races[本章主要内容]：1 understanding of the general election of the UK2 social class3 races[本章重点]：1 the general election of the UK2 multiracial society[本章难点]：the general election of the UK[本章思考题]：1．The system of general elections and its influence in the worldUnit Four The UK economy[教学目标与要求]：Understanding of:1 understanding the position of the UK after the WW II2. the reason of the decline3 characteristics of British agriculture and industry[本章主要内容]：1 understanding the position of the UK after the WW II2. the reason of the decline3 characteristics of British agriculture and industry[本章重点]：1 the reasons for the decline2.the trends for the British economy[本章难点]：the reasons for the decline he general election of the UK[本章思考题]：1．The privatization and reform in the economic developmentUnit Five British literature[教学目标与要求]：Understanding of:1 the history of British literature2 writers3 schools4 divisions of literal periods[本章主要内容]：1 the history of British literature2 writers3 schools4 divisions of literal periods[本章重点]：1 the history of British literature2 well-known writers[本章难点]：divisions of literal periods[本章思考题]：1．Describe a writer/ a school/work you are most familiar with?Unit Six British education system[教学目标与要求]：Understanding of:1 the history of education2 education systems3 higher education[本章主要内容]：1 the history of education2 education systems3 higher education[本章重点]：1 the history of education2 education systems[本章难点]：higher education[本章思考题]：1．Compare British and Chinese higher educationUnit Seven British Foreign Relations[教学目标与要求]：Understanding of:1 UK foreign policies and their makings2 Britain and international institutions3 Britain and the United States[本章主要内容]：1 UK foreign policies and their makings2 Britain and international institutions3 Britain and the United States[本章重点]：1 UK foreign policies and their makings2 Britain and the United States[本章难点]：Britain and the United States[本章思考题]：1．The change of British image in international world from Iraqi warUnit Eight the British Media[教学目标与要求]：Understanding of:1 British newspapers2 broadcast media3 television media[本章主要内容]：1 British newspapers2 broadcast media3 television media[本章重点]：1 British newspapers2 broadcast media[本章难点]：British newspapers[本章思考题]：1．The functions of media in cultural acquisitionUnit Nine American beginnings[教学目标与要求]：Understanding of:1 a new land2 the settlement in Virginia3 Puritan New England4 Catholic Maryland5 Quaker Pennsylvania6 American revolution[本章主要内容]：1 a new land2 the settlement in Virginia3 Puritan New England4 Catholic Maryland5 Quaker Pennsylvania6 American revolution[本章重点]：1 A new land2 American revolution[本章难点]：American revolution[本章思考题]：1．How did modern development in Europe influence the settlement of North American colonies?Unit Ten Political system in the United States[教学目标与要求]：Understanding of :1 legislative branch2 executive branch3 Judicial branch4 political parties[本章主要内容]：1 legislative branch2 executive branch3 Judicial branch4 political parties[本章重点]：1 Checks and balance2 Political parties[本章难点]：checks and balance[本章思考题]：Compare the political systems between the UK and the USAUnit Eleven American economy[教学目标与要求]：understanding of:1.industry revolution2.free enterprise3 . American agriculture[本章主要内容]：1.industry revolution2.free enterprise3. American agriculture[本章重点]：1 free enterprise2. the roots of affluence[本章难点]：the roots of affluence[本章思考题]：The influences of American economy on the worldUnit Twelve Religion in the USA[教学目标与要求]：understanding of:1 religious liberty2. protestants in the USA3. Catholics in the USA[本章主要内容]：1 religious liberty2. protestants in the USA3. Catholics in the USA[本章重点]：1 religious liberty2 religious diversity[本章难点]：American character of religion[本章思考题]：The effects of religion on American culture and everyday lifeUnit Thirteen American literature[教学目标与要求]：Understanding of:1 the history of American literature2 writers3 schools4 divisions of literal periods[本章主要内容]：1 the history of American literature2 writers3 schools4 divisions of literal periods[本章重点]：1 the history of American literature2 well-known writers[本章难点]：divisions of literal periods[本章思考题]：Describe a writer/ a school/work you are most familiar with?Unit Fourteen Education system in the United States[教学目标与要求]：Understanding of:1 the history of education2 education systems3 higher education[本章主要内容]：1 the history of education2 education systems3 higher education[本章重点]：1 the history of education2 education systems[本章难点]：higher education[本章思考题]：1．Why American schools have more international students than any other countries?Unit Fifteen Social problems in the USA[教学目标与要求]：Understanding of:1 racial problems2 drug abuse3 crimes4.abuse of power by government and corporation[本章主要内容]：1 racial problems2 drug abuse3 crimes4.abuse of power by government and corporation[本章重点]：1 racial problems2 drug abuse[本章难点]：racial problems[本章思考题]：Why is it perceived as a major threat to American society?Unit Sixteen Post-WWII American foreign policy[教学目标与要求]：understanding of:1 the beginning of the cold war2 arm races3 the engagement and expansion[本章主要内容]：1 the beginning of the cold war2 arm races3 the engagement and expansion[本章重点]：1 the cold war2 the engagement and expansion[本章难点]：the cold war[本章思考题]：The current international relationships and the role America plays in it四、课程考核学生总评成绩取决于学生的出勤情况、课堂参与、学期论文、课后作业和期末考试成绩。
British literature 1英国文学
V. Romanticism
* William Wordsworth: ―Lyrical Ballads‖
* Samuel Coleridge: ―The Ancient Mariner‖
* George Gordon Byron: ―Don Juan‖
* Percy Bysshe Shelley: ―Prometheus Unbound‖ * John Keats: ―Ode to a Nightingale‖
* Jonathan Swift: Gulliver’s Travels * Daniel Defoe: Robinson Crusoe * Henry Fielding: Tom Jones * William Blake: The Marriage of Heaven and Hell * Sentimentalism: Oliver Goldsmith: ―The Deserted Village‖ Thomas Gray: ―Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard‖
* other forms: natural science philosophy history law graphic novels/comic books films, videos and broadcast have carved out a niche which often parallels the functionality of prose fiction. iii. Expectation of you 1. To get acknowledged with the history and framework of British literature. 2. To view literature from a literary perspective and accomplish one mid-term essay. 3. To fulfill the assignment after class.
British literature
Christopher Marlowe was an English dramatist, poet and translator of the Elizabethan era. As the foremost Elizabethan tragedian, next to William Shakespeare, he is known for his blank verse, his overreaching protagonists, and his mysterious death.
BБайду номын сангаасowulf
The story of Beowulf
In the poem, Beowulf, a hero of the Geats in Scandinavia, comes to the help of Hroðgar, the king of the Danes, whose mead hall (Heorot) has been under attack by a being known as Grendel. After Beowulf slays(杀害) him, Grendel„s mother attacks the hall and is then also defeated. Victorious, Beowulf goes home to Geatland in Sweden and later becomes king of the Geats. After a period of fifty years has passed, Beowulf defeats a dragon, but is fatally wounded in the battle. After his death, his attendants （侍者）bury him in a tumulus in Geatland.
Timeline of British Literature 英国文学时间线
– Life centered around ancestral tribes/clans that ruled themselves
– At first, tribes/clans were warriors from invading outlying areas
– The printing press helps stabilize English as a language and allows more people to read a variety of literature
– Economy changes from farm-based to international trade
– “Morality Plays”
• Chivalric code of honor
– Knights, their ladies fair
• Religious devotion • Romances
Medieval Period
• Style / Genre
– Oral tradition continues – Folk Ballads
– Kenning
• A poetic phrase used in place of the usual name of a person or thing
• Ex: “A wave traveler” for “A boat”
Medieval Period
• Church instructs its people through the morality and miracle plays
Romanticism
• 1785-1830 • A literary, artistic, and intellectual
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Paradise Lost.
Widely thought of as the greatest epic poem in English.
Along with Paradise Regained and Samson Agonistes it confirms Milton's reputation as one of the greatest British poets. An extremely long poem.
What makes a good essay?
Concise Well-written Entertaining Thought provoking. Fact and opinion.
Bacon had a very high opinion of his work. He said that his book Essayes or Counsels, Civill and Morall (1625) would "last as long as books last." Let's look at the first of the essays in the book Of Marriage and Single Life.
Starts in Hell, after Satan's defeat.
Satan and his followers are building a palace called Pandemonium. Satan travels to the newly made Earth, sees Adam and Eve – God's new favourite creations
Scientist: “The Father of Empiricism”*, promoted a planned approach to investigation – Scientific Method or Baconian Method. As a politician he had 3 aims: Huge contribution to Britain as an author and philosopher.
Written in blank verse: “Verse with a regular metre but without rhymes” Metre: The rhythmic structure of a verse or line of verse. Look at the first few lines (page 28). Can you see any connection between this work and the sonnets we discussed yesterday?
Influences on British literature in the 17th century.
Science and discovery.
Britain in turmoil. Civil war, Republic, restoration. Exploration and trade with new countries. Spirit of discovery and knowledge. Renaissance.
Shakespeare was just an actor, used as a cover.
Baconian Theory (3)
Bacon is not seriously thought of as “Shakespeare” today. But, some people still believe that Shakespeare was not the author, and now point to Edward De Vere as the true author.
Splitting hairs: to argue about very small differences or unimportant details.
Can we apply Bacon's principles to our studies today?
th 17
century writers.
Met Galileo while travelling in Italy.
Committed Republican, seen as dangerously radical at times, caused him many problems. Most famous for the epic poem Paradise Lost.
Composed between 1658 and 1674 by the blind and impoverished Milton Published in 10 books in 1667. Milton was paid £5 for the rights to the work.
Structure of Paradise Lost
Iambic Pentameter!
Paradise Lost: Plot overview
The story of Adam and Eve.
Their creation. The fall of Adam and Eve. Eviction from the Garden of Eden.
Includes the story of Satan, formerly an angel called Lucifer, banished for trying to overthrow God.
Satan's revenge leads to the fall of man.
Summary.
Who was Francis Bacon?
Philosopher, statesman, scientist, orator, essayist and author, among other things. Served as both Lord Chancellor and Attorney General, both powerful government positions.
Uncover truth, serve his country, serve the church.
*empiricism: Knowledge is primarily gained through sensory experience.
Baconian Theory.
The theory that Bacon was the real author of “Shakespeare's” plays.
Based on perceived similarities between Shakespeare and Bacon's writing. Inconsistencies about Shakespeare's life (spelling!). Shakespeare was “uneducated” and could not have produced such great work.
(There is no evidence to suggest Shakespeare was uneducated, it is rational to presume the opposite).
Why hide behind Shakespeare?
Bacon's high position in government made it impossible for him to admit to writing the plays.
Popular in the 19th century and still believed by some today. Bacon used Shakespeare as a face for the plays and sonnets he actually wrote.
Baconian Theory (2)
Latin translation: “He preferred his old wife to immortality”
Are Bacon's opinions cynical? Sensible? Still relevant?
Let's now look at the second essay Of Studies – something that should be of interest to us? Latin 1: Practices passionately pursued become habits. Latin 2: Hair-splitters.
Francis Bacon (1561 - 1626)
Some quotes. What do they mean? “The worst men often give the best advice” “Truth is the daughter of time, not authority” “It is impossible to love and be wise”
Hale Waihona Puke Satan becomes furious with jealousy.
Satan hears the Angel Uriel tell Adam and Eve not to eat the fruit from the forbidden tree (the tree of knowledge).