戴维赫伯特劳伦斯

劳伦斯的创作基本属于现实主义文学范畴。由于他的作品坚持不懈的描述日常生 活中无休止的心灵抗争，他的许多小说都弥漫着一种忧郁的情调。其诗歌作品则 通常描述壮丽的自然风光，和小说的风格截然不同。 劳伦斯的小说作品中最著名的包括《儿子与情人》（1913）、《虹》（1915）、 《恋爱中的女人》（1920）和《查泰莱夫人的情人》（1928）。这些小说中故事 发生的地点都在作家的故乡诺丁汉郡——一个自然条件恶劣的矿区。尽管现实生 活中的劳伦斯选择了背井离乡，却一次又一次的在自己的小说中描写这个生养他 的地方。 由于劳伦斯创作基本仍属于现实主义范畴，书中对情感和性爱的描绘显得非常直 白，毫不隐讳。这在他所处的时代中是很罕见的。《虹》就曾因为其中包含的女 同性恋情节而一度被禁，而一位出版商则声称：“《儿子与情人》是我读过的最 淫秽的一本书”。 《查泰莱夫人的情人》曾经在英国引发了一场重大的淫秽丑闻。由于书中对性爱 露骨的描写（或许也因为“情人”是来自于工人阶级），英国法院甚至以“猥亵 罪”为名立案审查。然而其出版机构“企鹅图书”最终赢得了这场官司。该机构 也曾出版过一系列表现主义绘画作品。这些作品曾经由于描绘人体的隐秘部位而 被销毁。 尽管劳伦斯曾被人称为“色情小说家”，但实际上他是一个非常虔诚的基督教徒。 他认为僵化的欧洲基督教已经逐渐失去了活力，并试图用原始的、部族的信仰来 改造它。这就是他开始“原始朝圣”的原因之一。“过程哲学”思潮也激发了劳 伦斯的创作灵感。例如，劳伦斯自传性质的作品《儿子与情人》中就能看见明显 的尼采和弗洛伊德理论的影子。
贯穿在他一切作品中的一条线是阶级意识。其特点是：一个下层阶级的男人和一个上层阶 级的女人的结合。上层阶级的男人通常是萎靡不振，缺乏人性本能力量的。在劳伦斯的笔 下，阶级差异在《儿子和情人》、《虹》、《羽蛇》以及《查泰莱夫人的情人》等长篇小 说中显露出戏剧性的、强有力的效果。笔触所及，在《干草堆里的爱情》中更增强了光明 与黑暗的对比度。 劳伦斯的世界旅行和他对产业主义的强烈憎恨使早期的文化对他更具有吸引力。在《烈马 圣莫尔》和《羽蛇》中，他从新墨西哥州和墨西哥的印第安人身上看见了他们那晦暗、神 秘的知识较之欧洲人那有教养的头脑更接近生命的本源和实质。他热衷于以神秘主义来深 化的他的作品主题。这一点也以其它的方式表示出来。“兄弟手足情”——这是较之一般 朋友之情更深的、两个男子之间的契合，但不是同性恋——始终吸引着他的构思，而特别 在《恋爱中的女人》和《羽蛇》中显示出来。在《干草堆里的爱情》中，两个亲兄弟间缺 乏“兄弟手足情”是导致冲突的原因之一，而这一冲突的解决又有赖于劳伦斯所设计的一 场主题性战斗的圆满结局。这是一场男人们和女人们之间的充满爱与恨的争夺战。另一个 矛盾的主题是劳伦斯的“领袖梦”的体现：一个男人必将居于主宰支配地位，而另一方则 将以门徒的身份向他俯首听命。《亚伦的手杖》（1992）和《袋鼠》的主题特点正是如此。 《羽蛇》（1926）中则掺和着“兄弟手足情”的侧写。劳伦斯的某些写作技巧有助于表现 他的主题思想；而另一些手法则体现出他的气质和敏锐感觉。往往一个故事围绕着两对男 女进行，像《干草堆里的爱情》就是这样。在写作上，劳伦斯依靠灵感。灵感来时，他极 度兴奋地写作，创造力源源涌至；缺乏灵感时，他干脆搁笔。他从不写笔记，而专靠记忆。 在他开始ຫໍສະໝຸດ The main work
1911《白孔雀》 The White Peacock 1912《逾矩的罪人》 The Trespasser 《爱情诗集》Love Poems and Others 1913 《儿子与情人 》Sons and Lovers 《孀居的霍尔罗依德太太》 The Widowing of Mrs Holroyd 1914《普鲁士军官 》 The Prussian Officer and Other Stories 1915 《虹 》 The Rainbow
戴维.赫伯特.劳伦斯 David. Herbert. Laurence
20世纪英语文学中最重要的人物之一，也是最 具争议性的作家之一 主要成就包括小说、诗歌、戏剧、散文、游记和 书信。他写过诗，但主要写长篇小说，共有10部， 最著名的为《虹》（1915）、《爱恋中的女人》 （1921）和《查特莱夫人的情人》（1928）。 1930年3月2日，劳伦斯死于法国芒斯。劳伦斯在英 国的旧寓所如今是一所博物馆。
In 1915, Lawrence's frank representation of sexuality in The Rainbow caused a furore and the novel was seized by the police and banned almost as soon as it was published. Today it is recognised as one of the classic English novels of the twentieth century. The Rainbow is about three generations of the Brangwen family of Nottinghamshire from the 1840s to the early years of the twentieth century. Within this framework Lawrence's essential concern is with the passional lives of his characters as he explores the pressures that determine their lives, using a religious symbolism in which the 'rainbow' of the title is his unifying motif. His primary focus is on the individual's struggle to growth and fulfilment within marriage and changing social circumstances, a process shown to grow more difficult through the generations. Young Ursula Brangwen, whose story is continued in Women in Love, is finally the central figure in Lawrence's anatomy of the confining structures of English social life and the impact of industrialisation and urbanisation on the human psyche.
Sons and Lovers was the first of Lawrence’s major works, and is still considered to be one of his best. The 1913 novel was partly autobiographical and was set in the coalmining village of Bestwood . The parents of the central character, Paul, are Mr and Mrs Morel who are a vigorous and heavy-drinking miner and a well-educated, pretty intellectual respectively. We learn of Paul’s successful brother and sister, William and Annie, but are soon drawn into Paul’s world. He is still in his teens but works in a factory producing surgical appliances but becomes sick and spends his time with Miriam Leivers who he falls in love with. Their love is made difficult by Miriam’s intense and religious nature and the fondness Paul’s mother has for him that is protective to the point of dependence. As Paul reaches his early twenties he becomes passionate and makes love to Miriam but this ecstasy spells the end for their relationship. The latter stages of the novel concern Paul’s next passion - Mrs Clara Dawes - and her vengeful husband. In the end, with Mrs Morel’s slow death, we find that the closest and most meaningful bond is held between mother and son.
生平简介 思想观念 写作风格 代表作品 人物评价
David Herbert Laurence is a remarkable British novelist in the 20th cent ury, known as " one of the greatest personages history of English literat ure ". David Herbert ·Laurence (1885-1930) is one of Britain's most uni que and most disputable writers in the 20th century. Laurence recomm ends the human nature to develop freely, objects to the destruction to nature of the industrial civilization. His works have furthered investigate the family, marriage and sex, has produced extensive influence on the n ovel writing in the 20th century. He is British poet, novelist, prose family , have drifted for more than ten years at home and abroad. Write he by poem,for novel but mainly,have in all 10 parts,most famous one, for " r ainbow " (1915), " woman in not loving " (1921), with " check by fields l ying fallow in rotation the lovers of the Mrs.ses special " (1928 David He rbert Laurence emerged in a miner's family of mining area of Eastwood of Nottinghamshire on September 11, 1885. Father who becomes the miner is rude because of poverty, get drunk, with working as the teache r's mother's emotion coldly day by day. Mother makes Laurence rely on mother and difficult to form independent personality and sound one fo r a long time to the son's lopsided love **Ability. Until November of 191 0, after mother died of illness, Laurence went out of the strange circle o f the odd-shaped mother love struggling. Becoming famous and acting as " son and lover " of David Herbert Laurence is exactly There is autobi ography body novel which his unique family of early years went throug h. One home of lopsided relations of miner Walter Mao RuiEr in the no vel, is exactly the portrayal of the Laurences' life.