第十七届中国连锁业会议社区商业分论坛—陈立平：老龄化下我国社区商业模式创新趋势介绍
大学英语四级考试2024年6月真题(第一套)及答案解析
大学英语四级考试2024年6月真题(第一套)Part I Writing(30minutes) Directions:Suppose your university is seeking students'opinions on whether university libraries should be open to the public.You are now to write an essay to express your view.You will have30minutesfor the task.You should write at least120words but no more than180words.PartⅡListening Comprehension(25minutes) Section ADirections:In this section,you will hear three news reports.At the end ofeach news report,you will hear two or three questions.Both the news report and the questions will bespoken only once.Afier you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet1with a single line through the centre.Questions1and2are based on the news report you have just heard.1.A)Due to a fire alarm in their apartments.B)Because of the smoke and heat damage2.A)Investigating the cause of the incident.B)Helping search for the suspect of the crime.C)Due to the water used to extinguish the flames.D)Becauseof the collapse of the three-story building.C)Rescuing the businessmen trapped in the building.D)Checking town records for the property developer.Questions3and4are based on the news report you have just heard.3.A)It plays a less important role in one's health than nutrient intake.B)It impacts people's health to a lesser degree than sun exposure.C)It is associated with people's mental health conditionsD)It is linked with older adults'symptoms ofdepression4.A)It was indefinite C)It was straightforward.B)It was systematic.D)It was insignificant. Questions5to7are based on the news report you have just heard.5.A)It has helped solve several murder cases.B)It has become a star police dog in Beijing6.A)To speed up investigation into criminal cases.B)To test the feasibility of cloning technology.7.A)Cloning is too complicated a processB)The technology is yet to be accepted C)It has surpassed its mother in performance.D)It has done better than naturally born dogs.C)To cut down training expensesD)To reduce their training time.C)Cloning is ethically controversial.D)The technology is too expensive.Section BDirections:In this section,you will hear two long conversations.At the end ofeach conversation,you will hear four questions.Both the conversation and the questions will bespoken only once.After you hear a question,you1·2024年6月四级真题(第一套)·must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a single line through the centre.Questions8to11are based on the conversation you have just heard.8.A)He read it somewhere online.B)He heard about it from a coworker.9.A)His publications.B)His first book.10.A)Collect a lot more data.B)Relax a bit less often.11.A)Find out the show's most interesting episodesB)Watch the series together with the woman.C)He read an article reviewing it.D)He watched a TV series based on it.C)His addressD)His name.C)Clarify many new conceptsD)Read more reference books.C)Get an e-Copy of the book to read.D)Check to see when the show starts.Questions12to15are based on the conversation you have just heard.12.A)To check the prices of his farm produce.B)To ask the way to the Newcastle City Hall.13.A)Bakers.B)Vendors14.A)The issuing of certificates to vendors.B)The completion of the baking task.15.A)The closing date of submission.C)To inquire about the vegetarian food festival.D)To seekthe man's help with her work on the farm.C)Vegetarians.D)OrganisersC)The festival they are organising.D)The deadline for application.C)The details of the ceremonyB)The website of his company.D)The organiser'saddressSection CDirections:In this section,you will hearthre passages.At the end ofeach passage,you will hear three or four questions.Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.Afteryou hear a question,you must choose the bestanswer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a single line through the centreQuestions16to18are based on the passage you havejust heard.16.A)Most scenic sites have been closed.B)Access to official campsites is limited17.A)It is strongly opposed by nearby residentsB)It leads to much waste of public money18.A)Look for open land in ScotlandB)Leave no trace of their camping C)Health experts advise going outdoors.D)People have more time during the summer.C)It has caused environmental concernsD)It has created conflicts among campers.C)Avoid getting close to wilderness.D)Ask for permission from authorities.Questions19to21are based on the passage you have just heard.19.A)They outcompete mythical creatures.B)They usually mind their own business.·2024年6月四级真题(第一套)·C)They truly exist in the AmazonregionD)They resemble alarmingly large snakes 220.A)Scar tissue from dolphins'fighting.B)Skin infection from water pollution.21.A)It has been shrinking at an astonishing pace.C)Unhealed wounds from snake bites.D)Swimming along in seasonal floods.B)It has been placed under international protection.C)It has been appealing to both freshwater and sea dolphinsD)It has been abandoned as a battleground for male dolphins.Questions22to25are based on the passageyou have just heard.22.A)About58%of young adults call parental support the new normal.B)Most adult children enjoy increasing sources of financial supportC)A full70%of the young adults cannot afford to buy a car by themselves.D)Most early adults cannot sustain their lifestyles without parental support23.A)It renders them dependent.C)It makes them mentally immature.B)It causes them to lose dignity.D)It hinders them from getting ahead.24.A)It challenges one's willpower C)It calls for due assistance.B)It results from education.D)It defines adulthood.25.A)Current lifestyles C)College loansB)Poor budgeting.D)Emergency expensesPartⅢReading Comprehension(40minutes) Section ADirections:In this section,there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one wordfor each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter:Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet2with a single line through the centre.You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.It's well known that physical exercise is beneficial not just to physical health but also to mental health.Yet whereas most countries have26evidence-backed guidelines on the type and intensity of exercise27for various physical health benefits,such guidelines do not yet exist for exercise and mood. This is28due to a lack of necessary evidence.However,a new systematic review brings us usefully up-to-date on the current findings in this area.Before29into some of the key take-aways,an important30made in the review is between aerobic exercise and anaerobic.The former31such things as walking,jogging and cycling and means exercising in such a way that your body is able to use oxygen to burn fat for energy.In contrast,anaerobic exercise—such as lifting heavy weights—is of such32intensity that your body does not have time to use oxygen to create energy and so instead it breaksdown glucose(葡萄糖)in your blood or muscles.Beginning first with the influence of exercise intensity on the mood benefits of aerobic exercise,the researchers,led by John Chan at Shenzhen University,found33resultsfrom19relevant studies.Some3·2024年6月四级真题(第一套)·favoured higher intensity,others low,while seven studies found that intensity made no34_to mood benefits.In relation to the intensity of anaerobic exercise,however,the results were far clearer—the optimum (最佳选择)for improving mood is35intensity,perhaps because low intensity is too dull while high intensity is too unpleasantA)constitutesB)contradictoryC)decisionD)detailedE)differenceF)dippingG)distinctionH)falling I)involves J)moderate K)notified L)partlyM)required N)traditionally O)vigorousSection BDirections:In this section,you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by markingthe corresponding letter on Answer Sheet2.Why DoAmericans Work So Much?A)How will we all keep busy when we only have to work15hours a week?That was the question that worriedthe British economist John Maynard Keynes when he wrote his short essay“Economic Possibilities for Our Grandchildren”in1930.Over the next century,he predicted,the economy would become so productive that people would barely need to work at all.For a while,it looked like Keynes was right.In1930the average working week was47hours in the United States.But by1970,the number of hours Americans worked on average had fallen to slightly less than39.B)But then something changed.Instead of continuing to decline,the duration of the working week remainedstable.It has stayed at just below40hours for nearly five decades.So what happened?Why are people working just as much today as in1970?C)There would be no mystery in this if Keynes had been wrong about the power of technology to increase theeconomy's productivity,which he thought would lead to a standard of living“between four and eight times as high as it is today.”But Keynes got that right:Technology has made the economy massively more productive.According to Benjamin M.Friedman,an economistat Harvard,the U.S.economy is right ontrack to reach Keynes's eight-fold(八倍)multiple by2029.That is a century after the last data Keynes wouldhave had access to.D)In a new paper,Friedman tries to figure out why that increased productivity has not translated into increasedleisure time.Perhaps people just never feel materially satisfied,always wanting more money to buy the next ·2024年6月四级真题(第一套)·4new thing.This is a theory that appeals to many economists.“This argument is,at best,far from sufficient,”he writes.If that were the case,why did the duration of the working week decline in the first place?E)Another theory Friedman considers is that,in an era of ever fewer settings that provide effectiveopportunitiesfor personal connections and relationships,people may place more value on the socializing that happens at work.There is support for this theory.Many people today consider colleagues as friends.But Friedman argues that the evidence for this theory is far from conclusive.Many workers report that they would like to spend more time with family,rather than at work.Furthermore,this theory cannot explain the change in trend in the U.S.working week in the1970s.F)A third possibility proves more convincing for Friedman.That is:American inequality means that the gainsof increasing productivity are not widely shared by everyone.In other words,most Americans are too poor to work less.Unlike the other two explanations Friedman considers,this one fits chronologically(按年代).Inequality declined in America during the period following World War II,along with the duration of the working week.But since the early1970s it has risen dramatically.G)Keynes's prediction of a shorter working week rests on the idea that the standard of living would continuerising for everyone.But Friedman says that this is not what has happened.Although Keynes's eight-fold figure holds up for the economy as a whole,it is not at all the case for the median(中位数的)American worker.For them,output by2029is likely to be around3.5times what it was when Keynes was writing.This is a bit below his four-to eight-fold predicted rangeH)This can be seen in the median worker's income over this time period,complete with a shift in1973that fitsin precisely with when the working week stopped shrinking.According to Friedman,between1947and1973 the average hourly wage for normal workers(those who were not in management roles)in private industries other than agriculture nearly doubled in terms of what their money could buy.But by2013the average hourly wage for ordinary workers had fallen5percent from the1973level in terms of actual purchasing power.Thus,though American incomes may have gone up since1973,the amount that American workers can actually buy with their money has gone down.For most Americans,then,the magic of increasing productivity stopped working around1973.Thus,they had to keep working just as much in order to maintain their standard of livingI)What Keynes predicted was a very optimistic version of what economists call technological unemployment.This is the idea that less labor will be necessary because machines can do somuch.In Keynes's vision,the resulting unemployment would be distributed more or less evenly across society in the form of increased leisure.But Friedman says that,for Americans,reality is much darker.Americans now have a labor market in which millions of people—those with fewer skills and less education—are seeking whatever poorly paid work they can get.This is confirmed by a recent poll that found that,for half of hourly workers,their top concern is not that they work too much but that they work too little.This is most likely not because they like their jobs so much.Rather,we can assume it is because they need the money.J)This explanation leaves an important question.If the very rich—the workers who have reaped above-average gains from the increased productivity since Keynes's time—can afford to work less,why do they continue to work so much?(Indeed,research has shown that the highest earners in America tend to work the most.)5·2024年6月四级真题(第一套)·Friedman believes that for many top earners,work is a labor of love.They are doing work they care about and are interested in,and doing more of it is not necessarily a burden.For them,it may even be a pleasure.These top earners derive meaning from their jobs and work is an important part of how they think of themselves.And,of course,they are compensated for it at a level that makes it worth their while.K)Friedman concludes that the prosperity(繁荣)Keynes predicted is here.After all,the economy as a whole has grown even more brilliantly than he expected.But for most Americans,that prosperity is nowhere to be seen.And,as a result,neither are those shorter working weeks.36.Some people view socializing at the workplace as a chance to develop personal relationships.37.As ordinary American workers'average hourly pay had decreased despite increasing productivity,they had towork just as manyhours as before to keep their living standards.38.American workers'average weekly workingtime has not changed for nearly half a century.39.Friedman believes inequality in the rgely explains why increasing productivity has not resulted inreduced working hours.40.Many economists assume people's thirst for material things has prevented them from enjoying more leisuretime.41.An economist'sprediction about a shorter average working week seemed to be correct for a time in the20thcentury.42.In the bor market,the primary concern of people with less schooling and fewer skills is to secure anyemployment even if it is low-paid.43.Keynes was right in predicting that technology would make the economy much more productive.44.Many of the highest earners have a keen interest in and love for what they are doing45.According to Keynes,there would be a shorter working week with everyone's standard of living continuingtorise.Section CDirections:There are2passages in this section.Eachpassage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C)and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet2with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions46to50are based on the following passage.Lao Zi once said,“Care about what other people think and you will always be their prisoner.”People-pleasing,or seeking self-worth through others'approval,is unproductive and an exhausting way to go through life.Why do we allow what others think of us to have so much power over how we feel about ourselves?If it's true that you can't please all people all of the time,wouldn't it make sense to stop trying?Unfortunately,sense often isn't driving our behavior.For social beings who desire love and belonging, wanting to be liked,and caring about the effect we have on others,is healthy and allows us to make connections.·2024年6月四级真题(第一套)·6However,where we get into trouble is when our self-worth is dependent upon whether we win someone's approval or not.This need to be liked can be traced back to when we were children and werecompletely dependent on others to take care of us:Small children are not just learning how to walk and communicate,they are alsotrying to learn how the world works.We learn about who we are and what is expected of us based on interactions with others so,to a four-year-old,if Mommy or Daddy doesn't like him or her,there is the danger that they will abandon them.We need to understand that when we desperately want someone to approveof us,it's being driven by that little kid part of us that is still terrified of abandonment.As you become more capable of providing yourself with the approval you seek,your need for external validation will start to vanish,leaving you stronger,more confident,and yes,happier in your life.Imagine how much time we lose each moment we restrainour authentic selves in an effort to be liked.If we base our worth on the opinions of others,we cheat ourselves of the power to shape our experiences and embrace life not only for others but also for ourselves,becauseultimately,there is no difference.So embrace the cliché(老话)and loveyourself as it's highly doubtful that you'll regret it.46.What can we conclude from Lao Zi's quotation?A)We should seethrough otherpeople's attempt to make a prisonerof us.B)We can never really please other people even if we try as hard as we can.C)We can never be truly free if taking to heart others'opinion of us.D)We should care about other people's view as much as they care about our own.47.What will happen if we base our self-worth on other people's approval?A)Our desire to be loved will be fulfilled.C)Our identity as social beings will be affected.B)Our life will be unfruitful and exhausting D)Our sense of self will be sharpened and enhanced.48.What may account for our need to be liked or approved of?A)Our desperate longing for interactions with others.C)Our knowledge about the pain of abandonment.B)Our understanding of the workings of the world.D)Our early childhood fear of being deserted.49.What can we do when we become better able to provide ourselves with the desired approval?A)Enjoy a happier life.C)Receive more external validation.B)Exercise self-restraint.D)Strengthen our power of imagination.50.What does the author advise us to do in the last paragraph?A)Embrace life for ourselves and for others.C)See our experiencesas assets.B)Base our worth on others'opinions.D)Love ourselves as we arePassage TwoQuestions51to55are based on the following passage.Some people have said aging is more a slide into forgetfulness than a journey towards wisdom.However,a growing body of research suggests that late-in-life learning is possible.In reality,education does an aging brain good.7·2024年6月四级真题(第一套)·Throughout life,people's brains constantly renovate themselves.In the late1960s,British brain scientist Geoffrey Raisman spied growth in damaged brain regions ofrats through an electron microscope; their brains were forging new connections.This meant brains may change every time a person learns something new.Of course,that doesn't mean the brain isn't affected by the effects of time.Just as height usually declines over the years,so does brain volume:Humans lose about4percent every decade starting in their40s.But that reduction doesn't necessarily make people think slower;as long as we are alive and functioning,we can alter our brains with new information and experiences.In fact,scientists now suspect accumulating novel experiences,facts,and skills can keep people's minds more flexible.New pathways can strengthen our ever-changing mental structure,even as the brain shrinks.Conventional fixes like word puzzles and brain-training apps can contribute to mental durability.Even something as simple as taking a different route to the grocery store or going somewhere new on vacation can keep the brain healthy.A desire for new life challenges can further boost brainpower.Research about aging adults who take on new enterprises shows improved function and memory as well as a reduced risk of mental disease.Openness—a characteristic defined by curiosity and a desire for knowledge—may also help folks pass brain tests.Some folks are born with this take-in-the-world atitude,but those who aren't as genetically gifted aren't necessarily out of luck.While genes can encourage an interest in doing new things,a2012study in the journal Psychology and Aging found completing reasoning tasks like puzzles and number games can enhance that desire for novel experiences,which can,in turn,refresh the brain.That's why brain scientist Richard Kennedy says“It's not that old dogs can't learn new tricks.It's that maybe old dogs don't realize why they should.”51.What do some people think of aging adults?A)Their wisdom grows as time goes by.C)They can benefit from late-in-life learning.B)Their memory gradually deteriorates D)They are likely to have mental health issues.52.What can we conclude from Geoffrey Raisman's finding?A)Brain damage seriously hinders one'slearning.C)Brains can refresh and improve with learning.B)Brain power weakens slower than we imagine D)Brains forge connections under new conditions53.What is one thing that helps maintain the health of our brain even as it shrinks?A)Doing daily routines by conventional means.C)Imitating old dogs'way of learning new tricksB)Avoiding worrying about our mental durability.D)Approaching everyday tasks in novel ways.54.What does the author say can contribute to the improvement of brain function?A)Being curious and desiring knowledge.C)Rising to life's challenges and avoiding risks.B)Being eager to pass brain tests at an old age.D)Boosting immunity to serious mental diseases55.What is the finding of the2012study in the journal Psychology and Aging?A)Wishing to solve puzzles enhances one's reasoning power.B)Playingnumber games unexpectedly stimulates one's memory.·2024年6月四级真题(第一套)·8C)Desiring new experiences can help to renovate thebrain.D)Learning new tricks shouldnot beconfined to old dogs only.Part IV Translation(30minutes) Directions:For this part,you are allowed30minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English.You should write your answer on AnswerSheet2.四合院(siheyuan)是中国一种传统的住宅建筑，其特点是房屋建造在一个院子的四周，将院子合围在中间。
社区居家养老平台及门店运营方案
社区居家养老平台及门店运营方案随着人口老龄化加剧，社区居家养老已成为社会关注的焦点。
而社区居家养老平台及门店则是为老年人提供更加便捷、贴心的服务的显要载体。
本文将从社区居家养老平台及门店的概念入手，探究其发展背景，分析市场需求，设计运营方案，以期为业内人士提供有益的思路和实践操作。
一、社区居家养老平台及门店的概念社区居家养老平台及门店旨在为老年人提供家庭服务、医疗康复、健康咨询等方面的支持与帮助，为居家养老提供全方位的、个性化的服务和管理。
同时，社区居家养老门店还提供交流和互助的平台，充分运用社区资源，促进老年人社会化参与，提高他们的生活质量和健康水平。
二、社区居家养老平台及门店的发展背景社区养老是指将老年人作为社区服务对象，利用社区服务网络和社区资源，为老年人提供基本的生活照料、医疗保健、社会组织等方面的支持。
这一概念自1993年在首次提出，在国内外得到广泛的关注和推广。
随着老年人口的逐渐增多，居家养老的需求越来越迫切。
而社区居家养老平台及门店的出现，则可以更好地满足老年人的需求，弥补公共服务的不足。
目前国内城市化进程加快，社区发展完善，更是为社区居家养老的发展创造了良好的条件。
三、社区居家养老平台及门店的市场需求和优势社区居家养老平台及门店的出现，满足了居家养老的个性化需求和服务体系建设的需要。
尤其在当前经济社会发展的背景下，老年人的需求越来越突出。
目前，社区居家养老平台及门店市场的主要需求有:1. 日常生活照料服务：为老人提供家务服务、代购、送餐、保洁等生活照料服务，使老人生活更加便利。
2. 医疗保健服务：为老年人提供咨询、康复、护理、监护等医疗保健服务，保障他们的健康水平。
3. 帮扶互助服务：提供老年人学习、交流、互助、娱乐、旅游等服务，丰富他们的生活，促进老年人社会化参与，防止孤独和抑郁等心理问题。
4. 急救应急服务：提供老年人急救、应急等服务，简化急救环节，减少意外风险，提供更加安全放心的养老服务。
商业模式国内七大典型的社区商业模式解读
商业模式国内七大典型的社区商业模式解读搏实资本一、万科——自建自营,“五菜一汤”统一招商、运营自长阳半岛社区商业配套完善后,“五菜一汤”的万科社区商业标配模式开始在北京万科多个项目进行推广,成为住宅项目社区商业模式的典范。
在长阳半岛,“五菜一汤”包括：绿色、时尚的社区菜市场幸福街市汤 ,健康、便民的社区食堂第五食堂,丰富、齐全的品牌超市华润万家,以及服务快捷的洗衣店、药店和银行五菜。
所有社区商业由万科统一招商和运营,以保证社区形象、管理品质和业主对生活配套的要求,切实解决社区居民的日常生活问题。
在万科社区商业标配“五菜一汤”体系中,“第五食堂”是万科自创的社区餐饮连锁品牌,北京首店于2012年正式落户长阳半岛,为业主提供物美价廉的生活餐食,特请中餐大师制作南北菜系,自开业以来营养丰盛的健康饮食深受业主好评。
另一标配是万科社区连锁品牌“幸福街市”,作为长阳首个社区菜市场,食材新鲜健康,种类丰富、价格公道,更是彻底解决了万科社区居民的“菜篮子”问题。
此外华润万家便利店,也以持续改进消费者生活品质为目的,为社区提供日常生活所需的各种商品；及时消费、应急消费,华润万家带给顾客家的温暖、富足、现代、健康的感受。
万科在全国已有近300个楼盘,仅万科项目内的社区商业似乎已经潜力无限。
但更值得重视的是万科在社区商业上的“系统集成”。
此前,几乎包括零售商在内的所有企业,进军社区商业都是单打独斗,即以某单一业态进驻,至于其他生活类业态的组合,基本是“听天由命”,物业方对此也是抱“愿者上钩”的态度。
万科在社区将商业进行规划后形成统一模式,让原本处于“自然生长”或“野蛮生长”状态的社区商业有了标准,各业态的相互补充,让彼此的发展有了更强的生命力。
对于旗下三大商业产品线之一社区商业的未来盈利模式,毛大庆也曾表示：“长期看,商铺作为一种资产长期持有,有升值获益的前景。
社区商业资产留下来,未来可形成可观的资产包。
”案例万科2049：最后一公里社区生活完整解决方案新型精品社区商业产品——万科2049,就通过商业与物业的深度整合,提供了以家为中心的最后一公里社区生活完整解决方案。
小镇中老年消费崛起：二类电商爆火,汤臣倍健下乡,动力步“偷袭”足力健
小镇中老年消费崛起：二类电商爆火，汤臣倍健下乡，动力步“偷袭”足力健2017年罗辑思维主讲人罗振宇在《时间的朋友》跨年演讲中，首次提到了“小镇青年”这个词，认为小镇青年将成为消费市场的一股重要力量，影响未来中国市场的消费生态。
作为中国国内首个专注于老年行业商业创新的产业平台，过去几年AgeClub研究团队一直在对老年消费市场进行持续跟踪观察。
我们发现来自四线以下低线城市的“小镇中老年”正表现出越来越大的消费潜力，下沉市场所蕴藏的机会在老年行业同样令人期待。
比拼多多还下沉的二类电商靠信息流广告打开了“小镇中老年”的网购大门，广告投入的回报率高达3.7，有的商家凭借老花镜、老人鞋等爆款品类月入千万；在足力健开创了老人鞋这个全新品类后，短短几年间这片蓝海市场已经逐渐转红，动力步这样的后入者已经将目光投向了小镇下沉市场与足力健差异竞争；2019年保健品行业大整顿后，以往为直销行业贡献良多的“小镇中老年”正寻求其他渠道购买保健品，汤臣倍健已经着手布局经销商渠道下沉；……小镇中老年的商业市场虽然已经被开发了一部分，但基于这个群体的庞大与整体市场渗透率的低下，我们认为这个群体乃至他们所在的地区，还有着巨大的发展潜力尚待挖掘。
PART 1.小镇中老年的群体画像阿里巴巴在2019年提出了包含小镇中老年在内的八大人群的观点，将消费群体按特征分类，强调“以消费者为中心缔造价值”。
小镇中老年被阿里定义为生活在四线及以下城市的中老年群体，他们处于较舒适的养老生活，有养老金或者儿女给的赡养费，经济水平处于盈余的状态。
他们的交易经验主要是面对面买卖，一手交钱一手交货。
描述这群小镇中老年的关键词包括“性价比”、“生活节奏慢”、“休闲时间多”、“跟随性消费”、“社交裂变拉新”、“蓝海人群”、“重视熟人社交”。
具体来说，小镇中老年生活在低线城市，国产大屏手机是他们主要的上网工具。
他们的生活节奏慢，拥有大量的闲暇时间，并且娱乐活动较为匮乏。
万亿级银发市场,适老化“商养结合”才是切入点
万亿级银发市场，适老化“商养结合”才是切入点作者：任慧媛来源：《中外管理》2018年第09期有机构预计，到2020年我国老年人的消费市场规模将达到3.3万亿元。
而对老年人居住环境进行适老化改造的市场规模又有15万亿元之巨。
面对一个万亿级的市场，“银发经济”早就喊了不只一年两年，但事实上这个市场的潜能远未完全释放。
“市场肥，利润瘦”成了过去一些年开发老年人消费市场的企业的痛点。
成功迎合新时期老年人消费需求的企业并不多。
都知道养老消费的蛋糕很大，但该从哪切？怎么切？企业和商家的关注点和发力点到底应该在哪里？“没有社区商业，中国人居家养老根本不成立！”在中国，空巢、高龄、失能或半失能，成为当前75岁以上老年人生活的典型标签。
由于生活习惯、文化氛围以及代际关系等方面的原因，90%的老人还是会选择居家养老。
由于精力、体力随年龄增加而不断下降，老年人喜欢在就近地点消费，追求便利实用的购物体验。
在日本，距离生鲜食品店500米以上，而且没有私家车的购物困难的老年人群被称为购物弱势群体。
近年来，随着商业开发过度和对菜市场的“一刀切”整治，我国城市老年群体购物难问题也正在演化为一个令人关注的社会问题。
购物是否方便直接关系到老年人的饮食健康，进而关系到身心健康与社会交往等一系列问题。
而社区商业是满足老年人最基本生活和最基本社会交往的场所，可以满足老人对健康饮食、社交娱乐、心理关怀、紧急救助等服务的多方面需求。
所以，离老年人最近的社区商业服务成为居家养老最好的依托。
如何提供这些服务，成为社区居家养老服务商应该做的事情。
首都经贸大学工商管理学院陈立平教授在接受《中外管理》专访时表示：“社区商业首先是一个老龄化社会的概念，社区养老的基础是社区商业，老年人对社区商业高度依赖，没有社区商业，中国的居家养老根本不成立！这也是政府这几年高度关注社区商业的主要原因。
”所以社区商业不能简单理解为一个商业行为，要和社区、老龄化、国家发展、大健康战略等结合起来。
从5个案例看老年经济未来创新模式
从5个案例看老年经济未来创新模式前言：过去几年，老年消费人群在各个细分领域爆发式增长。
这种增长，以各种现象呈现出来。
比如足力健在老年鞋品类，打破了“老年消费”原有的天花板想象力，让业内外看到了老年行业更大的潜力空间。
比如5年前的广场舞和现在的银发网红，代表了老年文娱需求的快速释放，老年群体文化圈层正在形成。
“老年行业不同消费需求都有机会，” AgeClub创始人&CEO段明杰表示，“老年的核心需求痛点是对现状不满、生活不便和对未来生活的不安全感。
老年行业未来机会在精神消费、健康消费、产品消费三大领域。
”对于创业者来说，中国老年行业未来十年的机会，大体围绕这三个方向;而如何抓住机会创业创新，尤为关键。
对此，4月21日-4月22日，AgeClub召开中国老年产业商业创新大会，邀请了老年行业16位大咖嘉宾，围绕上述三大细分领域，分享了用户、市场、营销、运营等多维度的实战方法和操盘经验。
其中，既有巨量引擎(字节跳动旗下的官方营销服务品牌)这样的巨头企业从专业的数据角度揭示文娱内容趋势，又有时尚奶奶团这样的头部IP，以营销案例演示实战细节……干货满满，为500多位参会嘉宾，带来了老年行业的新知识。
01老年文娱消费需求全面释放，内容创新的3个细分方向基于文娱需求的创业，是老年行业的热点，在相对成熟的日本市场，老年文娱已经成为了市场规模最大的细分产业。
在国内市场，围绕老年文娱的创业机会，存在于各个渠道。
“在精神消费方面，老年文娱在不断演变，中老年接触渠道正在呈现多元化特点，他们分布在比如电视台等传统媒体、酒店等线下场景、以及抖音等流量平台上。
这些渠道均有老年文娱创业机会。
”具体如何实践创新，时尚奶奶团、晶彩人生、北京电视台生活频道分别代表抖音、线下、电视台三个不同方向，分享了中老年文娱内容创新的经验。
1、中老年“短视频”场景已被激活，健康/时尚类内容释放需求“老年人偏好渠道和娱乐形式正在从电视传统媒体向新媒体转变，从图文向直播/短视频转变。
对话陈立平：从日本零售趋势看我国的未来
对话陈立平：从日本零售趋势看我国的未来作者：暂无来源：《中国商界》 2012年第12期李玢岩在即将过去的2012年，连锁零售企业的销售额出现了增幅下降的趋势，如何适应这种新的发展节奏，是零售业面临的重大挑战。
这样情况下的中国零售业面临着与上世纪90年代的日本十分相似的困境。
《中国商界》杂志专访首都经济贸易大学教授陈立平，借鉴日本零售业的成功经验，帮助行业找到新的增长方式。
《中国商界》：进入20世纪90年代以来，日本由于经济的衰退、人口的老龄化和少子化、消费需求的多样化以及大店法规制的缓和等外部环境的变化，过去兴旺一时的GMS和百货店业态面临前所未有的挑战。
看来现在的日本和未来的中国非常像啊！陈立平：的确是这样。
日本的情况是这样的，首先由于大店法规缓和带来的店铺激增以及严重的店铺同质化，使GMS和百货店业态开始陷入激烈的价格战和消耗战。
其次，由于GMS和百货店大多采用“一站式购齐”经营方式使其难以实现差异化战略。
并且随着收入水平的提高和生活方式的多样化，单纯的低价格已难以满足消费者需求。
因此在激烈竞争的环境下，一些过去缺少经营创新积累的GMS和百货店企业首先败下阵来。
《中国商界》：那之后的日本是怎么走出这样的困境，完成了第二次流通革命的呢？陈立平：日本的第二次流通革命最大的成功者是以经营特化商品为主的优衣库。
优衣库针对当时百货店和GMS服装“委托贩卖制”（类似中国百货店的联营制）导致的价格虚高，通过生产—物流—销售的全供应链的垂直整合的零售制造业态模式，实现彻底的低价格从而取得了巨大的成功。
《中国商界》：除了优衣库，还有走其他路线获得成功的企业么？陈立平：在此之后，走同样路线的大创百元店、通过PB商品开发实现低成本高毛利的7—11等便利店、通过产销联盟的实现低价格的药妆店、全部P B商品开发并实现个性化的无印良品等业态，通过整合供应链为顾客提供价值在20世纪90年代中期后开始大放异彩。
另外，近年来在郊外购物中心、奥特莱斯等大型商业集聚的推动下，以突出文化特色、地域特色的个性化专门店、专卖店在日本得到了迅猛的发展，经营创新和业态创新的速度不断加快。
发展“第四产业”与应对人口老龄化
发展“第四产业”与应对人口老龄化陈建杰【摘要】如何应对人口老龄化是当前我国改革发展过程中的一大难题,虽然对人口老龄化问题的研究已经相当广泛,但是从产业政策或者产业发展角度进行思路构建的研究还不充分,本文在研究以往产业发展和我国人口老龄化现状的基础上,结合当前我国的经济政策形势,从产业再划分的角度提出构建以养老产业为核心内容的“第四产业”应对人口老龄化的新思路,从发展“第四产业”的背景和意义出发,对“第四产业”发展思路和运行机制的可行性进行系统分析,构建起“第四产业”的核心架构和运行模型,最终根据这一思路提出“第四产业”发展基础上的应对人口老龄化的政策思路.【期刊名称】《保险职业学院学报》【年(卷),期】2016(030)003【总页数】6页(P32-37)【关键词】“第四产业”;人口老龄化;运行机制;政策思路【作者】陈建杰【作者单位】西南财经大学,四川成都611130【正文语种】中文【中图分类】F241人口老龄化已经成为本世纪我国面临的一大难题，也是全球性共同面临的挑战。
我国人口老龄化处于不断加剧时期，养老业基础薄弱，与养老保障体系不协调，从更高层次对养老产业进行顶层设计将成为未来我国应对人口老龄化、实现产业结构转型的关键一步。
从产业发展的角度将养老产业作为“第四产业”的主体，以产业交叉发展为路径，以信息技术为抓手，建构新型产业体系将成为我国应对人口老龄化和协调经济长期发展问题的重要方面。
（一）人口老龄化问题加剧据联合国统计，到2050年，世界人口将达到90—100亿，其中60岁以上的人口将达到20亿，65岁以上人口将达到15亿，将很快超过5岁以下儿童的人数。
从世界范围看老龄化问题己成为人口问题中最突出的问题，而在我国，2010年，第六次全国人口普查主要数据公报显示：全国总人口为133 972万人，与2000年第五次全国人口普查相比，年龄构成显示：统计到2015年，我国60岁以上老年人口达到2.16亿左右，约占总人口的16.7%，年均净增老年人口800多万，超过新增人口数量，我国社会的人口老龄化现象日趋严重，采取措施应对人口老龄化问题刻不容缓。
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③维系跨越时空的亲情照料。
预期寿命和健康寿命
老龄化下社区商业APP模式面临的养的，食品开发的缺乏； 高素质配送人员的缺乏等。
5.日本农林水产省对老龄化下社区商业的支持
对社区商业的支持方式
支持民营企业积极参与社区商业建设
6.完善老龄化下社区商业亟需解决的问题
老龄化下我国社区商业模式的创新和课题
首都经济贸易大学工商管理学院市场营销系 首都经济贸易大学工商管理学院社区商业研究中心 陈立平（主任、教授、经济学博士）
1.我国社区商业定位的演变
回顾40多年我国城市社区商业的发展，基本经历了一个从为了吃
饭的社区商业，到为了购物的社区商业，为了更好生活的社区商业， 到老龄化少子化的社区商业发展过程。
人；2050年超过4亿，占总人口的比重达将达到30%以上，届时中
国将成为世界上老龄化程度最高的国家。
中国老龄化的特点和养老模式
与欧美和日本的老龄化社会不同，中国的老龄化社会具有老年人口基
数大，增长急速以及未富先老，未备先老和普遍的空巢家庭等特点， 这为未来的中国的养老模式和社会保障提出了挑战。
各级政府要从财政、税收和机制建设上加大对社区商业的支持力
度； 要摆脱单纯依靠居委会管理的模式，推进社区商业自治组织的建 设，加大社区商业组织的创新。 推进社区商业与医疗、养老、育儿等相关产业的融合，放宽相关 政策限制。
人有了知识，就会具备各种分析能力， 明辨是非的能力。 所以我们要勤恳读书，广泛阅读， 古人说“书中自有黄金屋。 ”通过阅读科技书籍，我们能丰富知识， 培养逻辑思维能力； 通过阅读文学作品，我们能提高文学鉴赏水平， 培养文学情趣； 通过阅读报刊，我们能增长见识，扩大自己的知识面。 有许多书籍还能培养我们的道德情操， 给我们巨大的精神力量， 鼓舞我们前进。
1980年前计划经济下，社区商业基本是以人口定量为基础，以国营
商业为主体的商品分配功能。 1980-1995年间，随着国营商业的解体和撤出，大量合法及非合法
的个体工商业者开始主导社区，社区商业开始进入一个无序发展的
阶段。
1996-2015年间，随着城市化的急速发展和人们生活水平的提高，
商业网点齐全、业态合理、功能完备、具备一定服务水平的社区商 业成为发展的重点。
2015年之后，随着我国城市老龄化的加剧，社区商业回归到在发达
国家普遍的理念和定位，即社区商业是一个老龄化为中心的概念。 相对于年轻人可以拥有丰富的交通工具购物和出行，社区商业更应
该关注由于身体障碍而成为购物弱者的老年群体。
目前我国大都市主要推行“9064”养老模式。即90％的老年人在社
会化服务协助下通过家庭照顾养老，6％的老年人通过社区提供的 日间照料和托老服务养老，4％的老年人入住养老服务机构集中养 老。
近年，北京、上海、天津等城市制定了“养老服务促进条例”，
提出通过完善社区关照呼叫、配餐服务、家政服务和便利店四项 功能提升社区养老、居家养老水平。
2.社区商业是居家养老的基础
据中国国家统计局公布的“2014年国民经济数据”显示，2014年
中国60周岁以上人口达到2.12亿，占总人口的比重为15.5%，比 2013年增加0.6个百分点，其中65周岁及以上人口占总人口的比重
达到10.1%。
2015年以后，中国的老龄化速度进一步加快。据中国国务院老龄委 预测，至2020年中国60岁以上人口将达到2.48亿；2030年超过3亿
3.老龄化下社区商业的基本功能
满足购物、吃饭以及基本服务需求的功能；
满足基本医疗、康复、健身需求的功能； 满足群体交流、娱乐和精神籍慰的功能；
满足传承地域文化，记载乡愁的功能；
满足老少共生和谐的功能。
4.老龄化下社区商业APP模式
社区超市、便利店、药店APP的优势：
①为有轻微活动障碍的非健康老人提供商品、餐饮和基本服务； ②为非健康空巢老人提供社会照料；