小东教育托福阅读逻辑练习
托福阅读推理题解题实例示范

托福阅读推理题解题实例示范应该说推断题属于难度比较大,混淆选项比较难排除的一种。
但如果掌握一定的技巧也不是无章可循。
OG的说明是:如果文章提到结果,很可能让你推断原因;如果提到二者比较,很可能问你比较的基础;正确答案不是文章明显提到的,而是明显可以推出来的。
最重要的一句话就是:You should be able to defend your choice by pointing to explicitly stated information in the passage that leads to the inference you have selected.正确的答案一定要有原文某句话作支持。
这为排除法提供了良好依据。
因为错误选项往往就是在句中加入了与原文完全无关的些许成分。
这些成分就成了我们戳穿谎言的标准。
做这种题一定要本着抬杠的方法,只要说的不完美,含糊不清,故意夸大或隐瞒事实,无中生有,都算错。
这种题是我认为最需要感觉的一类题了。
比较容易出推断题的地方,一个明显的标志是时间状语:before 2000,after 1999之类的。
很可能就问你what can be inferred about XXX after 2000或者before 1999. 看到这样的话,你要小心可能在此出推断题了。
OG上的例子就是一个perfect example:一看见这个题,首先就回到文中找相关信息,关键词:nineteenth century; 只要找到after nineteenth century就可以了。
因为这种类型的题,给出时间状语,问某时点之后,文中给出的必然是该时点之前的内容。
快速找到第一行和第三行都有19世纪的内容。
第一句…。
Was available to all,必然取反,选择19世纪之前,蜡烛是not available to all.而剩下三个错误选项说的全是19世纪以后才出现的内容。
托福阅读如何从逻辑角度看懂文章

托福阅读如何从逻辑角度看懂文章托福阅读如何从逻辑角度看懂文章?这3个技巧赶紧学起来,今天我给大家带来了托福阅读如何从逻辑角度看懂文章,希望能够帮助到大家,下面我就和大家分享,来欣赏一下吧。
托福阅读如何从逻辑角度看懂文章?这3个技巧赶紧学起来托福阅读把握文章逻辑:读懂每段主题思路在读托福阅读文章的第一段时,特别是第一句,往往给我们一个大致的思路,文章的论题是什么,想说什么?然后第二段的第一句,然后在想一想下面又想讲什么,这一段里有没有什么重要的细节。
然后第三段,又讲了什么,这里面的重要细节又是什么。
几段下来,每次读的时候都要来个小小的总结。
各个段落的目的是什么,主题又是什么?这样,在脑子里面形成一个思路图,在脑子里或者在草稿纸上画一个文章的结构思路题。
托福阅读把握文章逻辑:总结文章思路大意在回答问题前,花几秒钟总结一下文章大意,它的思路和主题。
再次提醒,新托福阅读考察的是你的答题能力而非托福阅读能力。
你不必完全掌握整篇文章,了解文章中的每一个细节。
相反,你应该只读文章段落的第1句,而快速浏览其余部分。
当你读完这篇文章时,你就能对文章的结构思路有总体的把握。
托福阅读把握文章逻辑:根据整体理解答题根据你对托福阅读文章的整体思路来答题。
将问题(或选项)定位到文章中具体的某个段落甚至具体的句子。
因为你这样做完,你会觉得每一段的思路、脉络都会非常清晰,做题的时候,就可以很快找到出题点,而且对于偏离主题的题一眼就能看出,主题词就会显得格外明显。
而实际中每一次的小结只需要几秒钟的一个停顿就可以,大家不妨试试,就会明白了。
托福阅读备考之长难句分析:希腊城镇城市的建立Towns and cities were established not only as garrisons (military posts) but as centers for the diffusion of Greek language, literature, and thought, particularly through libraries, as at Antioch (in modern Turkey) and the most famous of all,at Alexandria in Egypt, which would be the finest in the world for the next thousand years. (TPO43, 55)garrison /gærəsn/ n. 卫戍部队,守备部队diffusion /dɪfjʊʒən/ n. 散布,普及大家自己先读,不回读,看一遍是否能理解Towns and cities were established not only (as garrisons) (military posts) but (as centers for the diffusion of Greek language, literature, and thought), (particularly through libraries), (as at Antioch (in modern Turkey) and the most famous of all, at Alexandria in Egypt), (which would be the finest in the world for the next thousand years). (TPO43, 55) 托福阅读长难句分析:修饰一:(as garrisons) ,介词短语中文:作为驻防之地修饰二:(as centers for the diffusion of Greek language, literature, and thought) ,介词短语中文:作为传播希腊语言、文学、思想的中心修饰三:(particularly through libraries) ,插入语中文:尤其通过图书馆修饰四:(as at Antioch (in modern Turkey)and the most famous of all, at Alexandria in Egypt) ,介词短语这里的as是一个副词,表示“像,如同”中文:就好像在Antioch(现在的土耳其)的图书馆以及最著名的在埃及亚历山大的图书馆修饰五:(which would be the finest in the world for the next thousand years) ,从句中文:在接下来的一千年里都是世界最好的。
托福考试阅读题经验之逻辑分析

托福考试阅读题经验之逻辑分析2016年托福考试阅读题经验之逻辑分析要解决这一问题,首先我们先来看看阅读中到底是什么样的句子限制了我们对文章的理解。
With the advent of projection,the viewer’s relationship with the image was no longer private,as it had been with earlier peepshow devices such as the Kinetoscope and the Mutoscope,which was a similar machine that reproduced motion by means of successive images on individual photograghic cards instead of on strips of celluloid.When he grew older,William Smith taught himself surveying from books he brought with his small savings and at the age of ighteen he was apprenticed a surveyor of the local parish.But the myths that have grown up around the rites may continue as part of the group’s oral tradition and may even come to be acted out under conditions divorced from these rites.从上面句子可以看出来,这些句子都包含多重修饰成分,那对于修饰成分过多的句子,在此我们给出三种方案,也是希望大家能够达到的三大目标:训练一遍读懂句子的能力这就需要大家能够快速抓取句子主干,摒弃之前养成的.回视的习惯。
托福阅读推理题解题思路实战讲解

托福阅读推理题解题思路实战讲解托福阅读推理题解题思路实战讲解结合实例学习答题技巧托福阅读推理题解题思路实例分析Paragraph 3: The ephemeral plants evade drought. Given a year of favorable precipitation, such plants will develop vigorously and produce large numbers of flowers and fruit. This replenishes the seed content of the desert soil. The seeds then lie dormant until the next wet year, when the desert blooms again. (TPO 26 Survival of Plants and Animals in Desert Conditions)Paragraph 3 suggests that during a dry year ephemerals _____A. produce even more seeds than in a wet yearB. do not sprout from their seedsC. bloom much later than in a wet yearD. are more plentiful than perennials解析:答案:B“suggest”表示是一道推理题,要推的是“干旱年的短生植物怎么样”,回到原段落,只能找到关于湿润年的信息,即最后一句:The seeds then lie dormant until the next wet year, when thedesert blooms again. (直线表示主句的谓语动词,斜体或浪线表示从句的引导词,具体符号可以自己定)dormant表示休眠的,bloom表示开花。
托福阅读直接用逻辑做的题目

托福阅读直接用逻辑做的题目
以下是一个例子:
题目:According to the passage, which of the following statements is logical?
A) All birds have feathers.
B) Some animals have feathers.
C) All animals have feathers.
D) Some birds have feathers.
答案:A) All birds have feathers.
逻辑推理:根据这个题目的要求,我们需要从文章中找到一个逻辑上正确的陈述。
在文章中可能有关于鸟和羽毛的信息,我们要根据这些信息进行逻辑推理。
假设我们在文章中找到以下两个陈述:
1) Birds are a type of animal.
2) All birds have feathers.
根据这两个陈述,我们可以推断出所有的鸟都有羽毛。
因此,选项A) All birds have feathers是逻辑上正确的陈述。
托福阅读技巧-逻辑篇共31页文档

36、如果我们国家的法律中只有某种 神灵, 而不是 殚精竭 虑将神 灵揉进 宪法, 总体上 来说, 法律就 会更好 。—— 马克·吐 温 37、纲纪废弃之日,便是暴政兴起之 时。— —威·皮 物特
38、若是没有公众舆论的支持,法律 是丝毫 没有力 量的。 ——菲 力普斯 39、一个判例造出另一个判例,它们 迅速累 聚,进 而变成 法律。 ——朱 尼厄斯
40、人类Leabharlann 律,事物有规律,这是不 容忽视 的。— —爱献 生
31、只有永远躺在泥坑里的人,才不会再掉进坑里。——黑格尔 32、希望的灯一旦熄灭,生活刹那间变成了一片黑暗。——普列姆昌德 33、希望是人生的乳母。——科策布 34、形成天才的决定因素应该是勤奋。——郭沫若 35、学到很多东西的诀窍,就是一下子不要学很多。——洛克
托福阅读推理题的正向推理与逆向推理

托福阅读推理题的正向推理与逆向推理托福阅读推理题是比较让童鞋们头疼的一类题型,它考察的内容多为隐藏在*里、需要根据*信息进行合理推测得出的结论,下面就和大家分享托福阅读推理题的正向推理与逆向推理,希望能够帮助到你们,快来一起学习吧。
托福阅读推理题的正向推理与逆向推理正向推理正向推理指的是最后的答案往往是和*所描述的内容一致的,而这种特征一般视为“整体”和“部分”的一致性,所以正向推理也被称为“整体与部分推理”。
正向推理包含两种主要情形,一种叫做给定段里面没有推理对象的情况,另外一种叫做有举例引发的“整体与部分推理”。
所谓“整体与部分推理”,就是*里面讲述一个特质是A,下面选项中的特征也是A,这个特质本身没有变化。
*里面讲什么特质,下面选项中就是什么特质,只不过一个是“整体”,一个是“部分”而已。
逆向推理“逆向推理”又叫“取非式推理”,*中讲的是A,下面选项里最终答案是“非A”,此推理包含三种情形。
1.由新时间点引发的逆向推理比如“now”表示现在,含有典型的暗转折含义。
事实上,凡是时间点概念,都暗示着转折。
比如说:1999年澳门回归了,这意味着1999年之前澳门没有回归。
这条原则可能听起来怪怪的,但意义重大,以后我们做托福*要比其他没有经历过严格训练的同学多长一个心眼,但凡是有时间点出现,就意味着前后的特质不一致,而这恰好是考点。
2.由新地点引发的逆向推理事实上,它和第一点的内涵是一致的,可以被统称为“分类取非”。
在*中经常会出现把一个大类分成两个小类的情况,比如*里面讲述生物分为两类,一类是动物,一类是植物,这时*里面会谈到动物和植物的“不同点”而不会是“相同点”。
3.由特定词引发的逆向推理这一类词包括unlike、without以及所有能够表示“比例”的词等。
一般推理题只要找准用来推理的句子,然后按照上面两种方法来做就不会有什么问题了。
只要掌握了这些技巧,当你在做托福阅读时,也能像侦探一样进行“推理”了。
托福阅读找逻辑提升词秒解句子插入题技巧实例精讲

托福阅读找逻辑提升词秒解句子插入题技巧实例精讲句子插入题如何通过逻辑关键词来解答呢?今天给大家带来了托福阅读找逻辑提升词秒解句子插入题技巧实例精,希望能够帮助到大家,下面就和大家分享,来欣赏一下吧。
托福阅读找逻辑提升词秒解句子插入题技巧实例精讲托福阅读句子插入题简介句子插入题是考察句子与句子关系的题目。
句子之间连接常见的线索有四项:指代、连接性副词、句子打头的并列连词FANBOYS(for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so),以及观点与事实。
其中前三项是可见线索,最后一项是不可见线索。
这里主要介绍连接性的副词。
托福阅读常见逻辑关系词汇罗列并列递进:Besides, In addition, in fact , indeed, also…转折:however, nevertheless, nonetheless, still, instead…因果:thus, hence, therefore, consequently, accordingly…目的:to do不定式短语做状语解释:That is (to say)…, In other words…, To put it in another way…举例:for example/instance句间连接性副词有以上这些常考的逻辑关系。
实例讲解托福阅读插入题的逻辑关系词运用Paragraph 1: The city of Teotihuacán, which lay about 50 kilometers northeast of modern-day Mexico City, began its growth by 200-100 B.C. At its height, between about A.D. 150 and 700, it probably had a population of more than 125,000 people and covered at least 20 square kilometers. A. █ It had over 2,000 apartment complexes, a great market, a large number of industrial workshops, an administrative center, a number of massive religious edifices, and a regular grid pattern of streets and buildings. B. █Clearly, much planning and central control were involve d in the expansion and ordering of this great metropolis. C. █ Moreover, the city had economic and perhaps religious contacts with most parts of Mesoamerica (modern Central America and Mexico). D. █In fact, artifacts and pottery from Teotihuacán have been discovered in sites as far away as the Mayan lowlands, theGuatemalan highlands, northern Mexico, and the Gulf Coast of Mexico.我们要考虑什么地方能把两句话之间联系在一起。
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小东教育托福阅读中的逻辑关系
逻辑关系(1):否定
明显的否定关系特色词汇
--no, not, none, neither, never, deny 等
隐含的否定关系特色词汇
-- fail to, absence from, lack(of), refuse to, little, few I write to my parents every month.
I never fail to write to my parents every month.
------------------------------------------------
He is little known as an artist.
He is not a famous artist
否定前缀
英语否定的前缀主要有
a-[asexual 无性别的] ab-[abnormal
非正常的] anti-[antisocial 与社会对立
的]
counter-[counterrevolution 反革命] de-
[decontrol 解除管理, 解除管制] dis- il- im- in- ir-
mal- mis- non- un-...
In fact, he was so quiet that his parents thought he was not normal.
In fact, he was so quiet that his parents thought he was abnormal.
否定后缀
需注意的三个否定后缀:
-less、-free、-proof
hatless: not wearing a hat
salt-free: without salt
a bulletproof car: a car designed not to be harmed by bullets
逻辑关系(2):因果--明显
because(of), since, for, as, due to, owing to, In that, so(that), therefore, thus, hence, as a result,
consequently...
We didn't know what to do as we were just visiting there. The
delay is owing to the crowded traffic.
This book is different from that book in that this one is about chemistry and that one about history.
逻辑关系(2):因果--隐藏
1、表示“导致”的词
cause, lead to, make,render, stimulate, spur, spark, push, motivate, prompt, be responsible to
Too much work and too little rest often lead to illness.
Your action has rendered our contract invalid.
2、表示“由…而来”的词
derive from, result from, come from, originate from, initiate from, His
illness resulted from bad food.
逻辑关系(3):比较结构--隐藏
1.自身含有最高级含义的词;
maximum, favorite, outstanding, top...
The maximum speed of this car is 150 miles per hour 2.
比较级表示最高级
I've never heard a better voice.
China is larger than any of the other countries in Asia.
George did more work than anyone else
I like nothing better than swimming.
逻辑关系(3)--条件
表示条件概念的词:
if, unless, supposing (that), suppose (that), providing / provided (that), in case, as long as, on
condition that
1) In case the house burns down, we’ll get the insurance money.
2) You can go out, as l ong as you promise to be back before 11 o’clock.
3) You can borrow the book, on condition that you don’t lend it to anyone else.
逻辑关系(4)--并列与转折
1.表示并列关系
likewise,in (much) the same way,similarly/similar to,
vice versa,also/as well as,not only … but also …,
both … and …, neither … nor …, like/just like, equally,
or/and
2.表示转折关系
but/yet, however, in contrast (to), conversely, though/although, nevertheless, in spite of/despite, on
the contrary, even if/even though, instead (of), different from/differ from, while。