小学英语知识点总结

1. 现在进行时表示正在发生的事情或进行的动作，常与now,listen,look等词连用，结构是主语+be动词(am, is, are)+动词ing. 如：It is raining now. It is six o’clock now. My parents are reading newspapers in the sitting room. Look! The children are having a running race now. Listen! Who is singing in the music room. 问句将be动词移前，否定句在be动词后+not.

2. 一般现在时表示经常反复发生的事情或动作，常与often, usually, sometimes, always, every day(week year…) on Sundays等词连用。结构是主语+动词原形；当主语为第三人称单数即he,she, it, Tom, my mother, the boy等词时，动词后加s或es. 如：We have an English lesson every day. My brother often catches insects at the weekends. Do the boys run faster than the girls? Yes, they do. Ben doesn’t do well in PE. 问句借助于do, does否定句借助于don’t, doesn’t，后面动词一定要还原。

3. 一般过去时表示发生在过去的事情或存在的状态，常与just now; ago; yesterday; last ( week; month; year; Monday; weekend); this morning等词连用，结构是主语+be动词的过去式（was; were）或主语+动词的过去式。注意：be动词与动词过去式不可同时使用。 如：My earphones were on the ground just now. Where were you last week? I was at a camp. What did you do yesterday? I visited a farm 问句有be动词将be动词移前，没有be动词借助于did，后面动词还原；否定句有be动词在后面加not，没有借助于didn't后面动词还原。

4. 一般将来时表示将要打算发生的事情或动作，常与tomorrow, next week(year; Tuesday…), this week( weekend ;evening; afternoon;…)today等词连用。结构是主语+be(am, is, are) going to + 动原或主语+will +动原。 如：What are you going to do tomorrow? I am going to have a picnic. My sister is going to play the piano at the concert. The children are going to have a sports meeting next week. Tom will/is going to see a play with his father this evening. 问句将be动词或will移前；否定句在be动词或will后加not.

5. 情态动词can; can’t; should; shouldn’t; must; may后一定加动词原形。 如：The girl can’t swim, but he can skate. Don’t talk in class, you should listen to the teacher carefully.

6. 肯定祈使句以动词原形开头；否定祈使句以don’t加动词原形开头。如：Open the box for me ,please.请为我打开盒子。 Liu Tao! Please get up earlier tomorrow.刘涛，明天请早点起床！ Don’t walk on the grass!不要在草地上走！ Helen! Don’t climb the tree,please.海伦！不要爬树。 7. 去干嘛用go +动词ing 如: go swimming; go fishing; go skating; go running; go skiing; … 8. than 前用比较级；as…as之间用原级。如：My mother is two years younger than my father.我妈比我爸年轻两岁。 Liu Tao jumps as far as Ben.刘涛跳得和本一样远。

9. 喜欢做某事用like +动词ing或like+ to + 动原。如： Su Yang likes growing flowers.苏阳喜欢种花。 The children like to play with lanterns at Spring Festival.孩子们喜欢在春节去玩花灯。

10. 想要做某事用 would like +to+动原或want + to +动原。 I’d like to visit the History Museum.=I want to visit the History Museum

11. some 用于肯定句中，在否定句和问句中改为any,但当表示委婉语气时仍用如：Can I have some writing paper? Would you like some orange juice?

12.人称代词主格做主语用，一般放在句首或动词前，主格分别是 I you he she it we you they。宾格做宾语用，一般放在动词或介词后如：Open them for me. Let us …, join me等。宾格分别是me you him her it us you them。形容词性物主代词放在名词前，不能单独使用，分别是my your his her its our your their。名词性物主代词相当于形物加名词，它只能单独使用后面不好加名词，分别是mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs。

13. 介词后要么不加动词，加动词只能加动词ing形式，如：be good at running; do well in jumping;

14. 季节前，月份前用介词in，如：in summer；in March， 具体的哪一天如星期几，几月几日用介词on如：on Saturday; on the second of April; on Wednesday mornig, 在几点钟前用介词at如： at a quarter to four; 只在上下午晚上用in 如：in the morning/ afternoon/ evening; 但在夜间用at night。另：季节，月份和星期前不好加the.

15. 名词复数构成的方法有规则的有 (1)直接在名词后加s如orange—oranges; photo—photos; (2)以x, s, sh, ch 结尾的加es如：box—boxes; glass—glasses; waitress—waitresses; watch—watches;peach--peaches; (3)以辅音字母加y结尾的改y为i加es如：study—studies；library—libraries; hobby—hobbies; family—families; (4)以f, fe结尾的改f, fe 为v＋es如：knife—knives; thief—thieves（注:以o结尾的我们学过的有mango, potato, tomato加es, 其余加s,） 不规则的有：man—men; woman—women; people—people; child—children

16. 动词第三人称单数的构成 (1)直接在动词后加s如：run—runs; dance—dances (2)以s,sh,ch,o结尾的加es如：do—does;go—goes;wash—washes;catch—catches (3)以辅音字母加y结尾的改y为i加es如：study—studies; carry—carries; 17. 现在分词的构成(1)直接在动词后加ing如：sing—singing; ski—skiing; (2)双写词尾加ing如：swim—swimming; jog—jogging;run—running; (3)以不发音的e结尾的去e加ing如：ride—riding; dance—dancing; make—making;

18. 规则动词过去式的构成 (1)直接在动词后加ed，如：clean—cleaned; milk—milked; play—played; (2)以e结尾的直接加d如：dance—danced; taste—tasted; (3)以辅音字母加y结尾的改y为i加ed如：study—studied;carry—carried; (4)双写词尾加ed如：stop—stopped; jog—jogged; 不规则的有am,is—was; are—were; do,does—did; have,has—had; go—went; meet—met; sit—sat; see—saw; get—got; tell—told; run—ran; come—came; steal—stole; read—read;

19.形容词副词比较级的构成规则的(1)直接在形容词或副词后加er如；small—smaller; low—lower;(2)以e结尾的加r如：late—larer;(3)双写词尾加er 如：big—bigger; thin—thinner; fat—fatter;(4) 以辅音字母加y结尾的改y为i加er如：heavy—heavier; early—earlier; 不规则的有：good, well—better(最高级为best); many, much--- more(最高级为most); far---farther;

20.rain与snow的用法(1)作为名词意思是雨水和雪是不可数名词如：There is a lot of rain there in spring. 那儿的春天有很多雨水。(2) 作为动词意思是下雨和下雪，有四种形式分别是动词原形rain； snow，第三人称单数rains ；snows，现在分词raining； snowing和过去式rained； snowed;如：①Look! It is raining now. 瞧！天正在下雨。②It often rains in Nantong in summer.南通夏天经常下雨。③ It rained yesterday.昨天下了雨。 ④It is going to rain tomorrow. 明天要下雨。(3)形容词为rainy 和snowy 意思是有雨的和有雪的如：It is often rainy here in spring.这儿的春天经常是有雨的。If it is rainy tomorrow, I’ll stay at home.如果明天是有雨的，我将呆在家里。