An Analysis of the Heroine in Cat in the Rain by E
An annalysis of the awakening of female consciousness in mansfield park
An Analysis of the Awakening of FemaleConsciousness in Mansfield ParkI. IntroductionJane Austen is a prominent woman writer in English literature in the 19th century. She was the first novelist to realistically describe the ordinary lives. Her works include Sense and Sensibility, Pride and Prejudice, Mansfield Park, Emma, Northanger Abbey and Persuasio n. With her precise observation, Jane Austen became the only woman writer who can continually compare with Shakespeare in the history of English literature.Mansfield Park describes English upper-class’s living conditions in general and the love and marriage of several couples of young men and women in particular. It reveals their attitudes towards love and marriage. As Austen’s transition al work, Mansfield Park has an obvious feature: thick preaching color. So it is the most controversial work of Jane Austen. Some people regard it as Austen’s first fully mature work. They think it is perfect and touching. However, others believe its plot is dull. Austen’s mother ever thought of the heroine Fanny flat. But all of these can not prevent Mansfield Park from being a great work. Its greatness lies in its power to interest everybody. The complicated plot and vivid characters make Mansfield Park a significant breakthrough in narrative technique and inside description. It has become a landmark work in the history of English novel.Mansfield Park was written in Victorian age, which was the peak period of the English Industrial Revolution. The occurrence of industrial revolution caused social productivity to develop rapidly and mad e European women’s lives better, especially the middle-class women’s.The increase of leisure time led women to ponder their own worth. Female consciousness was born in patriarchal age, in which the overall framework of human civilization was highly imperfect and the civilization was built only according to male’s will. On the other hand, the development of productive forces drove the development of consciousness. Women had a better understanding of their own value. The established social and cultural tradition was shaken. Women truly sent messages of opposing patriarchal consciousness.In the traditional literary creation, many British women writers in the late 18th century examined and built female characters in their works in the male perspective. Nevertheless, with her keen vision, Jane Austen re-positioned female status and rights in order to express conscious and specific female consciousness. As Yang Jiang said, creating characters is probably her most interesting and best skill. (qtd. in Fu 15) So far, the study of Mansfield Park has focused on Jane Austen’s view of marriage and money,but research on the female consciousness reflected by the characters in this novel is not enough. By analyzing a series of female characters, we can discover Austen’s female consciousness, which emphasizes gender equality and women’s independent personality.II. The old generationThe old generation is the supporter of mercenary marriage. They consider their own interests in all aspects and wear persona at any moment. Just by depicting these human foibles, Jane Austen questions the traditional women’s values.dy BertramIt is inevitable to talk about property when it refers to marriage. For most people as well as Jane Austen, property has relation to whether the marriage is happy or not. “With only seven thousand pounds, Miss Maria Ward had good luck to captivate Sir Thomas Bertram, of Mansfield Park” (Mansfield Park 2). Her elder sister Miss Ward is married to the Rev. Mr. Norris with scarcely any private fortune, so she has to live on the cheap. This shows that at that time, people thought marriage could not be based on the pure love. The end result of love is marriage, but marriage is tangible. So they can not live without material base.As a mother, Lady Bertram is indifferent to her children’s education, even their marriage. Entering high society, she has never worried about small stuff. She is a “woman of very tranquil feelings, and a temper remarkably easy and indolent.” (3) She is a woman who thinks more of her pug than her children. Even when her husband is on business trip, she lies on the couch, leaving all household affairs managed by her sister Mrs. Norris. When her eldest daughter Maria Bertram reaches the marriage age, she does not go into public with her daughters. “She was too indolent even to accept a mother’s gratification in witnessing their success and enjoyment at the expense of any personal trouble.”(35) Her laissez-faire parenting style causes her daughters to merely have beautiful appearance but superficial moral concept and twisted values. In the end, they tip into degeneration because they can’t withstand the temptation of the outside world.As F anny’s aunt, Lady Bertram is indolent and selfish. She promised to adopt Fanny without hesitation nine years ago, which was related to her good living. She is very dependent on Fanny and wants Fanny to be with her all the time. When the young people visit Sotherton, or when they go to a ball or a party, she does not want to move, so she requires Fanny to stay with her. When Fanny returns to Portsmouth, she writes Fanny a lot, wishing Fanny to go back to Mansfield Park earlier. But without her husband’s permission, she does not dare to propose. When Fanny and Edmund intendto leave Mansfield P ark, “selfishly dear as she had long been to Lady Bertram, she could not be parted with willingly by her. No happiness of son or niece could make her wish the marriage. ” (468) Fortunately, Susan supplies F anny’s place to look after her.In fact, Lady Bertram only loves herself. She is not in agreement with the role of traditional wife. Nothing may have substantial effects on her. Such a lady who is indolent and selfish reflects the male domination in patriarchy society. On the other hand, she reflects wo men’s self-paralysis to respond to the inequality of their social status.B.Mrs. NorrisMarring Rev. Mr. Norris, Miss Ward becomes Mrs. Norris. Sir Thomas is happily able to give them an income and they “began their career of conjugal felicity with very little less than a thousand a year.” (3) Mrs. Norris falls short of the best, but is better than the worst. She serves faithfully to the Bertram and takes good care of them. However, she looks down upon the Price.Mrs. Norris is not a likable person, or literally, she is a woman who is meddlesome and scheming. When Mrs. Price addresses Lady Bertram to ask for help, saying her contrition and despondence and expressing the superfluity of children, Mrs. Norris is condescending and sticks to the correctness of her query on Mrs. Price’s choice of marriage. As for undertaking the care of Fanny, she harangues to interrupt Sir Thomas. She persuades this patriarch with a long passage sententiously. At the moment, her nosiness plays an important role in making Sir Thomas adopting Fanny. At the same time, what she says reflects her witty and critical thinking skills. Once Sir Thomas promises to adopt Fanny, she expresses a superior giver posture in front of Fanny. Since Fanny’s coming will increase her spending, she makes it impossible to adopt Fanny by reason of poor Mr. Norris’s indifferent state of health. She is only willing to contribute labor and refuses to contribute money, which reflects the petty bourgeoisie’s shrewd ness.Every day, in the guise of thrift, she plans for her own interests. She imposes herself as the wisest woman in this park. When everyone is preparing for the play, on the principle of economy, she supervises the making of clothes. She is complacent about saving half-crown for Sir Thomas. When the play is stopped, she takes away the green baize, which she happens to be particularly in want of. When Fanny’s old grey pony dies, Mrs. Norris isn’t willing to buy a new horse for Fanny. She thinks that Fanny can ride one of her cousins’horses at any time when they do not want them. When Fanny adheres to her own moral principle, refusing to act in the play, she thinks Fanny “a very obstinate, ungrateful girl” (147). Fanny’s refusal to accept Henry confuses Mr. Norris. She regards Fanny to be ungrateful. For the marriage between Maria and Mr. Rushworth, she “was most zealous in promoting the match, by everysuggestion and contrivance likely to enhance its desirableness to either party.” (39) She does not know he r niece’s true thoughts but t akes for granted that Maria should marry a rich man. Mrs. Norris’s vanity education should be responsible for the two nieces’ elopement.Mrs. Norris is a typical example who is extremely vainglorious and stingy. In the economical society, she is a good housekeeper who can rival with men. In Jane Austen’s works, Mrs. Norris is a precedent for women to assist men, but her work in not satisfying. Therefore, this precedent reflects the contradiction of Jane Austen’s thoughts. When women enjoy their autonomy, they must be authorized by men.III. The indulged young generationIn fact, the above-mentioned comic old characters are in a subordinate position in the novel. They serve as a foil to the radiant young generation, which highlights the youth’s unique personalities.A.Mary CrawfordMary Crawford has lost faith in love and considers marriage as transactions. When it comes to marriage, she not only considers love, but also takes various factors into account. She is a representative of surface glamour and inner corruption. She and her brother Henry Crawford are young people of fortune. When her sister Mrs. Grant looks out for a suitable match Tom Bertram for her, she is glad. Just as the words in Pride and Prejudice, “it is a truth unive rsally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife.” (Pride and Prejudice2) Similarly, a single woman with beauty and possession must need a single man with good fortune. She values Tom Bertram’s primogeniture,“his real park, five miles round and a spacious modern-built house.” (47)However, when Tom leaves home, Mary gets well along with Edmund Bertram. She appreciates Edmund’s extraordinary conversation. With Edmund’s favorable impression on her, she keeps a dubious relationship with him. When she knows Edmund will take up the post of a country clergyman, she can not endure clergyman’s quiet and simple life since she has been accustomed to the luxurious life in London. Hearing Tom is ill, she begins to care for Edmund again. She expects Tom to die earlier so that Edmund can have the chance to inherit the estate. Finally, Edmund knows her real character. She is judged by Edmund to have a putrescent and vacuous mind. They go their separate ways.Mary Crawford is outspoken and persistent. She never conceals her inner thoughts. She relentlessly expresses her disrespect for Mr. Crawford’s debauchery in front of friends, which is inconceivable for Fanny and Edmund. She knows thatEdmund chooses to be a clergyman, but she still makes a savage attack on clergy. When realizing it is difficult for Edmund to change his professional ideology, she reconsiders their relationship and plays hot and cold with Edmund. When she knows clearly that Edmund can not give her a rich life, she resolutely chooses to leave. That age endows her vanity, but it is valuable for Mary to spare no effort to express her inner thoughts.Mary Crawford represents the women who have clear target and are anxious to achieve quick success and get instant benefits. Internally, she reminds herself of the future life that she wants. She puts fame, wealth and status prior to affection and love. But on the other hand, she is an independent new generation. Her challenge to authority and persistence in self-discipline reveal her high pursuit of independence and freedom.B.Maria Bertram and Julia BertramThe young Bertrams also take property more into account in the security of their marriage. Vanity and utility defeat love. The eldest daughter Maria promises to marry Mr. Rush who she does not love, in order to be the hostess of Sotherton without a second thought. For Maria Bertram, marring Mr. Rushworth “would give her the enjoyment of a larger income than her father’s.”(38) Later, she loves Henry and flirts with him privately. But she has no courage to refuse her marriage with Mr. Rushworth. The good living can not fill the emptiness of her love. Soon after the marriage, she can not resist the temptation so as to meet Henry again. Risking universal condemnation, she elopes with Henry unexpectedly, which distresses and shames the whole family. Like her sister, Julia attempts to win Henry’s love. As a result, she is hurt by him. When there is no happiness in her love, she meets with Mr. Yates in London and elopes with him. Maria and Julia’s elopements are the direct challenge to patriarchal society.Their elopements not only humiliate authoritarian rule, but also destroy the conservative moral climate. As the future hostess of Sotherton, Maria tries a variety of ways to be alone together with Henry. In preparing the family play, in order to touch more with Henry, Maria chooses to be Agatha who often embraces Henry. Julia intended to be this character, but Henry says that he does not want Julia to engage in the part of Agatha, or he can not take it seriously. Finally, Julia bows out resolutely. Even though Maria has married Mr. Rushworth, when Henry tempts her again, she elopes with Henry according to her internal real ideas. Maria becomes the rebel of traditional marriage. In order to keep away from Henry and flee the authoritarian family, Julia also elopes with Mr. Yates, which manifests her desire and pursuit for freedom. Although elopement is a corrupt act, it succeeds in challenging the manor order and patriarchal system.For the sake of their love, they have already left Sir Thomas’s education behind. People’s true value is trampled deeply. Maria and Julia are the beloved daughters of Sir Thomas, who is noble and grand. But when they meet Henry Crawford, they begin tolose their minds and are spellbound by him. Henry is a hokey hypocrite. His sister Mary thinks that “he is the most horrible flirt that can be imagined.” (42) But it is this man that causes Maria and Julia to compete in order to win the favor of Henry. On the carriage to Sotherton, in order to sit with Henry, they fight each other with open and secret means. To settle the matter, Mrs. Grant expresses that “as you were saying lately that you wished you could drive, Julia, I think this will be a good opportunity for you to take a lesson.” (80) Then Julia is happy because of the realization of her wish, while Maria professes her unhappiness effusively. In the battle for seat, they ignore their status, discard female dignity and forget their brotherhood.IV. The independent and rational heroineThe heroine Fanny Price was born in poverty, which causes her to be adopted by the elegant Sir Thomas couples. In this large family, Fanny is pushed aside and teased by brothers and sisters. Servants purposely make difficulties for Fanny. However, Fanny who is pure and kind always keeps a gentle heart. She treats people in a hospitable and sincere way. In addition, she does not become a yes-man because of her status. She always sticks to her principle and is clear about right and wrong.A.Fanny’s view of lifeIn Mansfield Park, it seems that only Fanny retains the goodness and gratitude of human nature. When Sir Thomas goes to Antigua for the interests of the whole family at great risk, family members’ responses are chilling. His wife is selfish and does not like him to leave because of her own benefit. The Miss Bertrams are happy because they are relieved by his absence. Mrs. Norris has already arranged to break Sir Thomas’s grievous news to the others. B ut Fanny grieves that “Sir Thomas, who had done so much for her and her brothers, and who was gone perhaps never to return! that she should see him go without a tear! it was a shameful insensibility.” (31) Fanny, as a woman, is not the embodiment of weakness. Instead, she becomes a spiritual guide. Fanny is the most docile woman in Jane Austen’s novels. She never contradicts and resists others when treated unfairly. However, it is not the sign of her weakness. Although her relatives and friends advise her to accept Henry’s l ove, she still refuses and sticks to her silent love for Edmund. When Sir Thomas is absent and the young people put on a private theatrical performance, Fanny refuses to take part in the performance because the performance violates the rules, which reflects her unique justice and principles. Even though Edmund who at first opposes the performance urges her to join in, she still insists her initial decision. At this point, Fanny does not oppose patriarchy blindly. And she rationally takes into account her attitude towards patriarchy. Fanny lives in a society where the old morality is destroyed and the new moral order has not been formed. In this moral vacuum, the original moral choice and judgment hasbegun to collapse gradually. People have different answers to what is right and what is wrong. But Fanny is a rational and thoughtful new woman, who does not drift with the tide. Finally, as a result of Sir Thomas’s opposition, this farce came to a premature end. The result indicates that the children of Thomas oppose patriarchal despotism ostensibly. They can not essentially get rid of the control of patriarchy.B.Fanny’s view of loveShe does not choose her partner according to wealth and status. On the contrary, she strives for her happiness rationally and independently. Although she is the most deprived heroine of Jane Austen’s novels, she gives a challenge to female view of spouse. Her love is full of twists and turns, but it is full of feminism.Fanny bravely refuses Henry Crawford’s courtship. Sir Thomas thinks that Henry “is a young man of sense and, of character, of temper, of manners, and of fortune. Gladly would he have bestowed either of his own daughters on him.”(315) But it is such a satisfactory man that Fanny refuses explicitly. From the point of Fanny, Henry is a flashy man, so she can not marry him. At the very start, Henry merely plans to make Fanny in love with him, which reveals the latent essence of a playboy. Fanny remains indifferent toward Henry’s attentions, which forces Henry to take interest in her. Henry Crawford is deeply in love with Fanny and wants to marry her. He takes great pains to get her brother William on. Though grateful for what Henry does for her brother, she still refuses his proposal rationally. In British society at that time, what Fanny does is considered as insanity. But it is this point makes Fanny different from others.She insists on her own minds and does not compromise because of her friends’persuasion. When knowing Fanny’s refusal of Henry, her family and friends are surprised and persuade her to accept Henry. Even Edmund who cares for Fanny most still supports her father Sir Thomas to contribute to the marriage of Henry and Fanny. Her respected Sir Thomas rigorously gives her a dressing-down. In order to awaken Fanny to the reality thoroughly, Sir Thomas lets her back to Portsmouth to know her poor situation. He “wished her to be heartily sick of home before her visit ended; and that a little abstinence from the elegancies and luxuries of Mansfield Park would bring her mind into a sober state, and incline her to a juster estimate of the value of that home of greater permanence, and equal comfort, of which she had the offer.”(366) However, deep in Fanny’s heart, she h as her own standard. Although the man is perfect in wealth, she will not marry the person she does not like. She knows he is frivolous in nature. Soon, Henry really exposes his nature. He elopes with Maria Bertram who has married. Everyone appreciates Fanny’s persistence. Fanny’s obstinacy not only is an im portant part of her personality charm, but also shows the awakening of female consciousness.She loves Edmund secretly and has the courage to strive for love. In Mansfield Park, Fanny lives with caution and tries to figure out everyone’s temper. She neverdoes what others dislike. Owing to Edmund, who is her only friend in Mansfield Park, Fanny does not feel the park indifferent and unfamiliar. To some extent, Edmund is the spiritual pillar and motivation for Fanny to live confidently. While Fanny is growing up, the dependence evolves into love gradually and Edmund goes into her heart. There is no doubt that Fanny loves Edmund but Edmund merely treats her as a sister. When Edmund loves Mary Crawford, Fanny can do nothing but to eat her heart out and dares not to show her jealousy. When Edmund fails in love, she takes care of him and enlightens him sincerely. She strives for her love bravely and marries Edmund in the end.C.Fanny’s challenge to patriarchyIn the 19th century, England was still a patriarchal society. Women were subordinate to men. But Jane Austen’s works break up the traditional mode and give the cry of female consciousness. It is Fanny, a rebel against the time, who revolts the patriarchy and shows the voice of female consciousness.When Fanny refuses Henry Crawford’s proposal, people around all oppose her decision. Sir Thomas not only harshly criticizes Fanny, but also uses threatening tactics to change her decision. The participation of Sir Thomas causes the authority of fathers to conflict with “daughters”. Sir Thomas b rings with all the characteristics of patriarchal society. He only believes in his own authority and thinks that he can force Fanny to change her mind. But what Fanny does is inconceivable and seriously challenges his authority. So Sir Thomas says: “you have disappointed every expectation I had formed, and you peculiarly free from willfulness of temper, self-conceit, and every tendency to that independence of spirit which prevails so much in modern days. Even in young women.” (314)What he says reveals his intolerableness for female independent consciousness. In his mind, women must obey him unconditionally. So he lets Fanny back to Portsmouth. Even Edmund who Fanny loves persuades her that “you have proved yourself upright and disinterested, prove yourself grateful and tender-hearted; and then you will be the perfect model of a woman which I have always believed you born for.” (343) What he said obliterates Fanny’s peculiarity and specific character. But Edmund’s persuasion does not work. Fanny does not submit to these autocratic thoughts and she still sticks to her own principle. It was a great revolt at that time. This action shows the female independent consciousness and status and is a declaration of breaking down women’s low status. Fanny’s revolt succeed s. She defends her marriage freedom by means of her own rationality. She controls her fate on her own. Therefore, when defending individual rights, women must resist various difficulties resolutely.V. ConclusionTo some extent, Mansfield Park is a transitional novel. Austen’s previous works reflect that money plays a key role in marriage, while the later works combine money with love, revealing women’s value for self-consciousness and the praise for female independent consciousness. She puts female intellect above everything. She believes that only with wisdom and reason, can women overcome various challenges in life, especially in love. Therefore, they will not lose their personality and dignity and will win men’s respect.As a pioneer of promoting female consciousness, Jane Austen represents the advanced ideas of her age. Her female consciousness is evident in her works. First of all, she thinks that women and men are equal in both family and society. Secondly, Austen supports women’s pursuit of liberty. They are the master of their own fortune. Thirdly, Austen appreciates women’s intellectual power. In her opinion, women are as rational as men. She believes that “women can think independently and make their own judgment.”(Tang 1) Fourthly, Austen expresses her opinion about marriage. She thinks that women’s marriage needs both love and property. “L ove is the foundation of a successful marriage and money is the security of marriage.” (Tang 1) Finally, Austen expresses her dissatisfaction with patriarchy, which can be seen by above-mentioned analysis of the female characters in this novel.We can find that Austen’s female consciousness is progressive and she criticizes the subordinate status of women in the patriarchal society. But she can not completely abandon the influence of historical tradition and real life on her, so her female consciousness cannot fully satisfy modern readers. In some aspects, although she calls for women’s wisdom and reason, she still emphasizes their role i n the family. It seems to me that in Austen’s opinion, w omen’s duty is to concern themselves with children’s education, ensure the comfort of their family and help their husbands build relationships.Nonetheless, we can not deny the fact that Austen is the torchbearer and pioneer of female consciousness in the history of English literature. Her female consciousness is a great contribution to literature. Subsequently, female consciousness in women writers’ works is more and more apparent. Till the Bronte sisters, it totally awakes and approaches the peak step by step.Works cited and consultedAnderson, Kathleen. “Lounging Ladies and Galloping Girls:Physical Strength and Feminity in Mansfield Park”. Women’s Studies 2009(03): 342-358.Austen, Jane. Mansfield Park. Beijing: Tsinghua University Press, 2011.---. Pride and Prejudice. Shanghai: World Publishing Corporation, 2008.Gillie, Christopher. A preface to Austen. Beijing: Peking University Press, 2005. Peltason, Timothy. “Mind and Mindlessness in Jane Austen”. Hudson Review 2015(04).Sabison, Elizabeth J. Private Sphere to World Stage: From Austen to Eliot. Burlington: Ashgate Publishing Group, 2008.Stove, Judy. “Instruction w ith Amusement: Jane Austen’s Women of Sense”.Renascence 2007(01): 2-16.Tang Hong. “A Feminist View of Jane Austen’s Persuasion”. Youth Liberator 2011(08). Waldron, Mary. Jane Austen and the Fiction of Her Time. London: Cambridge University Press, 2000.白忠德. 奥斯丁小说的女性自我意识[J]. 商洛学院学报，2008（04）：23-25.陈健. 试论奥斯丁小说中的女性意识[D]. 北华航天工业学院, 2010.崔月信. 《曼斯菲尔德庄园》的文学成就与争议[J]. 飞天，2014（04:）：24-25. 傅桂香. 《曼斯菲尔德庄园》中的女性意识[D]. 浙江师范大学，2012.刘炳善. 英国文学简史[M]. 郑州: 河南人民出版社, 2007.凌淑珍. 从女性主义角度解读《诺桑觉寺》[D]. 郑州大学, 2005.刘宇晶. 《曼斯菲尔德庄园》中简·奥斯汀的女性意识研究[J]. 读与写杂志, 2014(05).裘因. 奥斯丁与英国女性文学[J]. 上海大学学报, 1996(06): 28-33.孙小梅. 从简·奥斯丁后期作品看英国社会各阶层的变化[D]. 安徽大学, 2011. 王亚青. 从简奥斯丁到乔治艾略特—论十九世纪英国女性小说中女性意识的演变[D]. 南京师范大学, 2006.。
An interpretation of the Hero in Catcher in the Rye
An interpretation of the Hero in the Catcher in the Rye Abstract: As one of the famous “reclusive writers”in the United States, Jerome David Salinger gets a high reputation after the World Two. The Catcher in the Rye is his only novel. It is regarded as a “modern classic”in post-war American literature. The story focused on what Holden has experienced in his three-day vagabond life in New York after he is expelled from the school. I want to interpret the hero in the story by regarding him as the portrayal just as one of the American anecdotes at that time, and try to explore Holden’s character and its reasons through the surrounding he lives in.Key words: Holden Caulfield, characters, psychology, surroundings.Table of ContentsChapter1. An overview of the hero--------------------------------------------------------------3 Chapter2. An analysis of Holden Caulfield’s characters--------------------------------------3 2.1 Holden is too sensitive---------------------------------------------------------------------3 2.2 Holden is too young too naive------------------------------------------------------------3 2.3 Holden is full of lofty ideals---------------------------------------------------------------4 2.4 Holden is kind-hearted---------------------------------------------------------------------4 Chapter3. The reasons about Holden’s ending--------------------------------------------------4 3.1 Holden and his characters------------------------------------------------------------------4 3.2 Holden and his surroundings---------------------------------------------------------------4 Chapter4. Conclusions------------------------------------------------------------------------------5 References--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5An interpretation of the Hero in Catcher in the RyeChapter1 An interview of the heroHolden Caulfield is the hero of the Catcher in the Rye. He is a typical image of anti-David Copperfield. As a 16-year-old boy, Holden has a contradictory and complicated character. On one hand, he is cynical and doesn’t want to go to school, always says some vulgar words and likes smoking, drinking and fighting, and he even plays with prostitutes. On the other hand, he still preserves many traces of childishness. He wants to pursue beautiful life and pure emotion. He dislikes those who like talking about wine and women. He hates his headmaster because he is hypocrisy and snobbish. When he sees vulgar words on the wall in the school, he is scared to death. When he meets nuns who are raising money for those who suffer a lot, he gives his money to them without any hesitation. He is simple and kind as well as sensitive and traitorous. He has been always seeking for true, kind and beautiful, however, what he always meet are false, ugly and bad. He really wants t change the current situation but he doesn’t have the ability, so he doesn’t know what to do and can’t live harmoniously in the realistic society.Chapter2. An analysis of Holden Caulfield’s character2.1 Holden is too sensitiveHolden’s sensitive personality can’t match with the pedantry school education. He considers himself a romantic hero who dares to challenge the evil school institutionalization. First, he can’t concentrate on his study and can’t pass his exams for many times. For these reasons, he is often expelled by the schools. And there are his negative rebels to the schools hypocrisy convention. And then, he hates school’s utilitarianism. In his opinion, it is impossible for schools to develop their students into “brilliant and brainy people”. He thinks that all the students graduates from schools are snobs for the man called Orson berg makes a big fortune by doing funeral parlor’s business is a proof of it. The last is the one he mentions in the conversation with Mr. Atonally, Mr. Vincent. Holden thinks the teacher Mr. Vincent who teaches him oral expression is knowledgeable but not brainy. This shows Holden hates the pedantry and boring way of education. He can’t feel happy when he receives the message which the school conveys. So it is not significant “knowledge”, “knowledge” should make people be happier and more sensible. And this is the view of Holden, he thinks that intelligence and wisdom are the most important problem the school should pay attention to.2.2 Holden is too young too nativeHolden’s youth and sensitivity lead him can’t have a better communication with others. He is too young and too sensitive, and this makes him go into deeper self-awareness. When there is a problem, he always escapes the situation or faces it with a negative attitude. When he pays a visit to his history teacher, Mr. Spencer’house, he is just like a painful and lost lamb and needs other’s understanding and comfort. But this visit doesn’t bring him any comfort; on the contrary, it makes him more depressed. Mr. Spencer is mild and kind, he doesn’t want to hurt his student but he can’t understand his student. Although Mr. Spencer shows his pity for not giving a pass to Holden, he can’t prevent himself from reading the message Holden writes for him in the exam paper. So he doesn’t give Holden any comfort but makes him more painful. On the other hand, Holden immature prevent himself from speaking for giving his fail, but failing conversation makes his teacher thinks he is a bad student. When Mr. Spencer showshis concerns about Holden’s future, Holden in turn comforts his teacher and then leaves the house. It seems that he is unwilling to talk with the man who doesn’t understand him.2.3. Holden is full of lofty ideals.Holden is full of lofty ideals but that society is hypocrisy and ruthless. He can’t go into this society with his own world system. When he drinks wine in the bar, he meets his brother’s ex-girlfriend, he says his brother is a gifted writer and once published an outstanding short novel, but he writes some vulgar drama for Hollywood. His brother’s ex-girlfriend wants to make peace with his brother and come to ingratiate herself with Holden. But Holden feels tired of it and depressed. His gifted brother submits to money’s lure proves that pure art has been surrounded by utilitarianism. Not only ordinary people like his brother’s ex-girlfriend, but also artist---like his brother, all the people are driven by money, and mammonists are all over the world. Wilhelm Shekel, a psychoanalyst, said ” the mark of the immature man is that he wants to die nobly for a cause, while the mark of the mature man is that he wants to live humbly for one.”For Holden, accepting this kind of philosophy means that he must accept his new role which is complete out of his elements. Of course a 16-year-old pure and sensitive boy can only “die nobly for a cause”.2.4 Holden is kind-heartedHolden wants to protect human’s innocent and pure. Holden hates the society which is completely out of his elements, but it doesn’t mean that he has nothing to love. His sister Phoebe is the one he loves. Phoebe is pure and lovely, Holden sees his own beautiful childhood in Phoebe. When asked what kind of man he wants to be, Holden begins to think what he really wants to do. He says he wants to be the catcher in the rye. “I’m standing on the edge of some crazy cliff. What I have to do, I have to catch everybody if they start to go over the cliff—I mean if they’re running and they don’t look when they’re going. I love to come out from somewhere and catch them. That’s all I’d do all day.” And the author gives him the name---Holden Caulfield, in the field, ad hold, precisely contains this theme. Although Holden is childish, he is full of ideals. He has great courage and thinks he has the responsibility to solve problems all over the world, but they are all out of his control. In the process of seeking for his ideal, he always fails to escape. He escapes from school, family and even society. He wants to find his own utopian and be a brave catcher in the rye. But in fact he does all those things in vain. And at last, he is in psychiatric hospital, and I think this is the only a “home” that ruthless society can give him.Chapter3. The reasons about Holden’s ending3.1 Holden and his characterHolden’s sensitive personality and treason are related to his youth. At that period of his life, his body and mind are changing dramatically and his self-awareness awakens gradually. He is eager to be independent and begins to think about life deeply. But he is lack of right preparation of knowing this world. He is confused and afraid, but he can’t do self-regulation. He only use negative attitude to resist the existing world system and can’t go out of the circle of using pure mind to rebel against the cruel society.3.2 Holden and his surroundingThe lack of warm family caring and school’s right guidance is also a very important reason. All the mothers love their own children, but they can’t always understand their children and give them what they really want. Holden’s mother can’t give his sensitive son love andguidance mentally and psychologically. The stiff teachers’ complicated philosophy about life is helpless for Holden to know and handle the relationship between him and the whole society. So he finally falls into a bottomless abyss.Chapter4 ConclusionsSo far, my journey into the hero in Catcher in the Rye’s analysis is finished. Under the guidance of the novel and the related material, I can uncover the hero Holden’s inner world in my own way, revealing his complexity and contradictions.Holden is a sensitive, young and kind-hearted boy who has a lot of lofty ideals. He cannot understand society and has no way to go into society. He doesn’t get love from his school and his family. Teachers all think he is a bad student, and his parents are indifferent of him. They could not know what he wants or needs. So, he feels desperate. He chooses to escape, but he fails and finally, he was in a psychological house. All of those are because of the surroundings, his school, his family and that society. Those aspects including his own characters all have effects on the results.References1.The Catcher in the Rye Salinger, J. D. Little, Brown and Compny,20012.朱晶，2002《麦田里的守望者》；反叛迂腐与虚伪的“现代经典”【J】吉林大学学报（社会科学版）第4期。
英语专业本科毕业论文参考题目
英语专业本科毕业论⽂参考题⽬美英⽂学研究⽅向选题1. A Brief Comment on Shakespeare’s’ The Merchant of Venice (浅谈莎⼠⽐亚的《威尼斯商⼈》)2. Hamlet: His Characters as a Humanist(哈姆雷特⼈物性格分析)3. Parallelism and Contrast of Shakespeare’s Dramatic Language(莎⼠⽐亚戏剧的排⽐与对照⽤语)4. The Social Significance of Dickens’s Oliver Twist(狄更斯《雾都孤⼉》的社会意义)5. On the Structure of Dickens’s Hard Times(谈狄更斯《艰难时世》的结构)6. Jane Austen’s Art of Irony and Its Rhetoric Effects(简·奥斯丁的反语及其修辞效果)7. Appreciation of Literary Language of Pride and Prejudice(《傲慢与偏见》⽂学语⾔欣赏)8. An Character Analysis of the Heroine of Emma(《爱玛》⼥主⼈公性格分析)9. The High Class as Seen in Thacheray’s Vanity Fair(从《名利场》看上流社会)10. From Pastoral Stories to Great Tragic Novels : An Analysis of Hardy’s Novels(哈代⼩说--------从⽥园故事到伟⼤的悲剧⼩说)11. Tess : A Rebellious Woman(叛逆者苔丝)12. Remarks on wrence’s Psychological Analyses(浅析劳伦斯的⼼理分析描写)13. Social Reality as Reflected in the Poetry of William Blake(布莱克诗中反映的社会现实)14. Edgar Allan Poe and the World Literature(爱伦· 坡与世界⽂学)15. An Analysis of the Heroine of The Scarlet Letter(浅谈《红字》的⼥主⼈公)16. Symbolism in Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter(《红字》的象征⼿法)17. Mark Twain: A Humorist(马克·吐温-------⼀位幽默⼤师)18. The Tragic Color of Ernest Hemingway’s Novels(海明威⼩说的悲剧⾊彩)19. Social Significance as Reflected in The Great Gatsby(《了不起的盖茨⽐》所反映的社会意义)20. O. Henry’s Artistic Animation as Seen in His Short Stories(欧·亨利短篇⼩说的艺术⼿法)21. A Critical Study of William Faulkner’s A Rose for Emily: Its Narrative Techniques and Structure(福克纳《献给艾⽶莉的⼀⽀玫瑰》的叙事技巧与结构)22. Some Features of Steinbeck’s Literary Style(斯坦贝柯⽂学风格的⼏个特点)23. Emily Dickinson and Her Unique Poetry(艾⽶莉·迪⾦森与她独特的诗歌)24. An Analysis of Several Robert Frost’s Famous Poems(浅谈佛洛斯特的⼏⾸著名诗歌)25. Symbolism in O’Neill’s Major Plays(奥尼尔主要剧作的象征主义艺术)26. The Modern American Society and The Death of the Salesman(《推销员之死》与现代美国社会)27. A Comparative Study of Empathy in English and Chinese Poetry(英汉诗歌⾥的移情⽐较研究)28. A Comparative Analysis of Sentence Structures in English and Chinese Poetry(英汉诗歌句⼦结构⽐较分析)英语语⾳研究⽅向选题1. Sexism as Reflected in the Chinese and English Languages(英语和汉语中的性别歧视)2. Lexical Items as Means of Cohesion in English Texts(英语语篇中的词汇衔接⼿段)3. Lexical Cohesion in English(英语词语的接应关系)4. On English Oration as a Variety of Language(论英语演说词 )5. The Polite Language in the English Language 英语中的礼貌⽤语）6. Reflection on the English Taboo Words(谈英语的禁忌语)7. Remarks on Modern American Slang(略论现代美国俚语)8. The Different Usage of American Folk Language and Modern American Language( 美国俗语与美国现代语⾔的区别)9. A Comparative Analysis of British and American English(英式英语与美式英语⽐较)10. An Account of Advertising Language (⼴告⽤语⼀瞥)11. Stylistic Comparison Between Broadcast News and Newspaper News(英语⼴播新闻与报纸新闻⽂体⽐较)12. News Headlines: Their Features and Style(英语新闻标题的特⾊与⽂体风格)13. Stylistic Features of News Reporting(英语新闻报道的⽂体风格)14. A Comparative Study of Chinese and English Body Languages(中英⼿势语⽐较)15. Influences of Chinese Dialectic Accents over English Pronunciation(汉语⽅⾔对英语发⾳的影响)16. A Contrastive Analysis of English and Chinese Intonation(英汉语调⽐较分析)17. 浅析英美语调的结构和功能18. 英美标调符号系统分析和对⽐19. 谈英语语调的特点及其⽤途20. 英语读⾳的弱式与速度和节奏的关系21. 母语/⽅⾔对英语语⾳学习的影响22. Note on Ambiguity of English Language(论英语中的歧义)23. A Comparative Study of English and Chinese Proverbs(英语谚语与汉语谚语⽐较)24. A Comparative Study of English and Chinese Idioms(英语习语与汉语习语⽐较)25. Cursory Examination on English Onomatopoeia(英语拟声词浅论)26. On Commonization of Proper Nouns in English(论英语专有名词普通化)27. Noun-Verb Conversion in Contemporary English(现代英语中名词转化成动词的现象)28. Syntactic Functions of Prepositional Phrases(前置词短语的句法功能)29. A Comparative Study of English and Chinese Prepositions(英汉介词⽐较)30. On the English Verbal Fillers(谈英语与填空词)31. On the English Negative Sentences(论英语否定句)32. On the English Verbless Sentences(谈英语⽆动词句)33. On Simplification of English Sentences(谈英语句⼦的简化)34. A Comparative Study of English and Chinese Existential Sentences(英汉存在句⽐较)35. Positions of Attributes and Adverbials in English and Chinese: A Comparative Study(英汉定语和状语的位置⽐较)36. Studies in English Sentences of Implied Condition(英语的含蓄条件句)37. Tentative Study of Syllepsis in English(英语拈连法浅析)38. The Way of Expressing Emphatic Ideas in English(英语中表达强调意义的语⾔⼿段)39. On the Revival of Dead Metaphor(死喻的复活)40. Tendency of Modern Linguistics(现代语⾔的发展趋势)翻译研究⽅向选题1. The Great Translator Yan Fu(伟⼤的翻译家严复)2. Gu Hongming: A Pioneer of Translating the Chinese Classics into English(汉英翻译的先驱-------辜鸿铭)3. On the Principles of Equivalence in Literary Translation(论⽂学翻译中的等值原则)4. A Brief Comment on E. A. Nida’s Concept of Translation(浅谈奈达的翻译观)5. Cultural Gaps and Untranslatability(⽂化差异与不可预性)6. Translating and the Background Information(翻译与背景知识)7. A Preliminary Study of Explanatory Translating(解释性翻译初探)8. Translating the English Articles into Chinese(英语冠词汉译)9. Translating the English Plural Nouns into Chinese(英语复数名词汉译)10. Translating the Lengthy English Sentences into Chinese(英语长句汉译)11. On Translating English Book Titles into Chinese(谈英语书名汉译)12. A Brief Comment on the Several Chinese Versions of Jane Eyre(简评《简·爱》的⼏种汉译本)13. Views on the Chinese Version of Emma(关于汉译本《爱玛》的⼏点看法)14. The Chinese Version of Jude the Obscure: An Outstanding Example of Artistic Recreation(艺术再创造的范例------《⽆名的裘德》汉译本)15. Translating the Style of Literary Works----A Preliminary Study of Wu Ningkun’s Version ofThe Great Gatsby(⽂学作品的风格翻译------巫宁坤译《了不起的盖茨⽐》初探)16. A Comparative Study of Two Chinese Versions of The Merchant of Venice( 《威尼斯商⼈》两种译本⽐较)17. A Reading of Fang Zhong’s Translation of The Canterbury Tales(读⽅重译《坎特伯雷故事集》)18. On the English Versions of Some of Du Fu’s Poems(评杜甫诗歌英译)19. Translating the Titles of Chinese Classic Poetry(中国古典诗歌标题英译)20. Common Errors in Translation: An Analysis(常见翻译错误分析)21. English Idioms and the Translation(英语习语的解释)22. How to Deal with Ellipsis in Translating(翻译中如何处理省略⽤法)23. The Importance of Comprehension in Translating(理解对于翻译的重要性)24. The Importance of Knowledge in Translating(知识对于翻译的重要性)英语教学研究⽅向选题1. The Application of Phonological/Syntactic/Semantic Theory to ELT in Chinese Middle Schools(⾳位词/句法学/语⾳学理论在中国中学教学中的应⽤)2. The Application of Traditional/Structural/Transformational Linguistics to ELT in Chinese Middle Schools(传统语⾔学/结构语⾔学/转换语⾔学在中国中学英语教学中的应⽤)3. The Application of Theory of Behaviorism/ Cognitive Psychology to ELT in Chinese Middle Schools(⾏为主义/认知⼼理学理论在中国中学教学法中的应⽤)4. The Application of the Theory of Pragmatics/Discourse Analysis(语⽤学/话语分析理论应⽤)5. Teaching Grammar within a Communicative Framework(⽤交际法教语法)6. A Study on the Direct-Spelling Method(直接拼写法研究)7. 男⼥英语学习差异的研究8. 英语教学测试与素质教育9. 现⾏⾼校英语测试中的问题分析10. 外语优化实践教学模式的实验研究11. ⼤、中、⼩学英语衔接教学实验研究12. 互动、知会、情感三维模式实验研究13. 英能“板块、分层、合作”教学模式研究14. “多维组合”英语教学法探索研究15. ⼩学“双语”同步教改实验16. 张思中外语教学法的试验与推⼴研究17. 从⼀份问卷调查展望新世纪⼤学（中学、⼩学、幼⼉园）英语教学18. 汉语语⾔环境对学⽣英语学习过程的影响19. ⼤学⽣（中学⽣、）英语学习动机调查报告。
《简爱》男主人公罗切斯特读解
《简爱》男主人公罗切斯特读解Analysis of Hero Rochester in Jane Eyre摘要《简爱》是夏洛蒂·勃朗特的代表作，小说中创造了具有独立女性意识形象的简爱，同时也给予男主人公罗彻斯特的形象以特殊存在意义。
作者赋予罗彻斯特的人物形象以丰富的文化内涵，揭示社会文化内涵。
本文主要分析罗彻斯特的人物特征及形象内涵。
罗彻斯特是英国传统婚姻制度的受害者，也是英国男权社会的典型代表；此外，作者赋予罗彻斯特的人物形象浓厚的宗教色彩。
通过分析男主人公的人物形象，使读者更好地了解当时英国社会的现实以及作者的创作思想。
关键词：性格；形象内涵；男权文化AbstractJane Eyre is the master work of Charlotte Bronte. In the novel, the author creates the image of Jane Eyre with independent female consciousness and also gives the image of Rochester with special existence. The author endows the image of Rochester with abundant cultural connotation, which reveals the social and cultural connotation.This thesis mainly analyzes the characteristics and connotation of image of Rochester. Rochester is the victim of British traditional marriage system and he is also the representative of British patriarchal society. In addition, the author endows the character image with profound religious characteristics. By analyzing the image of Rochester, it is helpful for readers to better understand the reality of British society and the thought of author’s creation.Key Words: characters; connotation of image; patriarchal cultureI IntroductionJane Eyre is the master work of British famous female writer Charlotte Bronte. Since its publication, it causes great sensation in the literary world and is popularly loved and appreciated by the readers all over the world. This work successfully creates a female image that holds a kind of independent and positive attitude towards love, life, society and religion and dares to fight for freedom and equal status. The image of Jane Eyre is widely accepted by readers and produces resonance. Many domestic and overseas scholars have made comprehensive analysis and interpretation on the heroine Jane Eyre from many perspectives such as feminism, female consciousness, philosophy and comparison of characters and so on. However, there are few researches on the hero Rochester. People universally consider that the image of Rochester is subordinate, which is to provide service for highlighting the heroine. However, in fact, the image of Rochester is deep and abundant, which has the same important status with heroine. The existence of Rochester provides Jane Eyre with a stage to represent the female consciousness reveals the darkness of British patriarchy and patriarchal culture in the 19th century and represents the growth up of rising middle class in the Great Britain in the period of industrial revolution, which has significant meaning of times and value of literary researches.This thesis mainly analyzes the characteristics and images of Rochester. It is helpful for readers to understand the creative thought of author. The image of Rochester plays an important role in representing the connotation and thought of the novel.2. Analysis of Rochester in Jane EyreIn Jane Eyre, the existence of Rochester has special meaning, which plays an important role in deepening the thought and connotation of novel. Rochester has special characteristics and the author endows his image with abundant cultural connotation. By analyzing his characteristics and connotation of image, it is helpful to understand the thought and connotation of the novel.2.1 Characteristics of RochesterRochester is a contradictory character. On one hand, he is always constrained by the social discourse right and he is the victim of patriarchal culture. On the other hand, he is an oppressor towards his wife Bertha and his lover Jane Eyre and becomes the accomplice of patriarchal culture. He is a complicated and contradictory character with cultural brand.2.1.1 AmbitiousIn the Victorian age, British society experiences great changes. In 1846, the society abolished Law of Grain and replaced it with free trading policy, which creates sound conditions for the commercial development. At that time, the queen realizes the threat on the dominant status of the Great Britain caused by the rising industrial countries—America and Germany. Thus, those industrialists, businessmen, churchman, colonists and soldiers become the power highly praised by the society. The “manliness” with aggressiveness and expansion is universally advocated. Jane Eyre is just created in this period so that Rochester is granted with such kind of cultural characteristics. Rochester is the representative of men with manliness. He has travelled in many countries, approves and positively makes expansion. He has his industries and villa in France and Germany. Even his marriage is transnational. He gets married with the daughter of planter in the West Indies. In addition, Rochester owns the physical body as a gymnast and he is just like “a lion--like creature with long hair and a huge head...with strange pretercanine eyes...The caged eagle, whose gold--ringed eyes cruelty has extinguished, might look as looked that sightless Samson.” (Bronte: 2002: 73) With such kind of power, Rochester can positively devote himself to the Chartist Movement for requesting equal voting right and bravely pursues his happiness of marriage.Rochester is an ambitious man and he wants to make excellent accomplishment. In such a society where the industrial revolution greatly promotes the social development, men with broad vision and eyesight are universally advocated by people. Rochester is such a man. He is interested in overseas expansion so as to get outstanding achievement. In such a male-dominated society, he hopes to make achievement via his power.2.1.2 Braveness in Pursuing True LoveThough Rochester acts as the oppressor for women under the patriarchal society, his braveness to challenge the unfair marriage system and pursue true love gets much sympathy and agreement. “He had a dark face, with stern features and a heavy brow; his eyes and gathered eyebrows looked ireful and thwarted just now...his decisive nose, more remarkable for character than beauty.” (Bronte: 2002: 78) The power of his inner and external characteristics can make up his defect in appearance. By these descriptions, it can be seen that Rochester is not handsome, even ugly for someone. But he has enough braveness to pursue the true love.Rochester suffers a lot from the misfortune marriage and becomes decadent and dissipated in his life. During the journey in Europe, he keeps some concubines. But he is cynical and he is still full of eagerness for true love. In the family dancing party, he receives those ladies and misses in upper class but he looks down upon their behaviors. Miss Ingram is beautiful and noble but Rochester can know her lust for wealth. Until he meets with Jane Eyre, a homely private teacher,he finds the hope for future life. He discovers the wisdom, braveness and sincerity from Jane Eyre. They can make communication equally and they understand each other very well. In this sense, regardless of the convention and concept of family status of aristocracy, he falls in love with Jane Eyre crazily. In such a society, he can get affection from many noble misses with his property and personal charm. But he is loyal to his true feeling and dares to challenge the unfair marriage system (Lian & Zhao, 2012). In addition, at the risk of committing bigamy, he decides to get married with Jane Eyre, which represents his sincere and deep love to Jane Eyre. Though Rochester has suffered misfortune caused by the unfair marriage system, he does not lose her conscience. He sincerely loves his lover and also takes care of his crazy wife. Arete is the illegitimate daughter of actress of Paris opera. When her mother and lover elope and abandon her, Rochester adopts her and provides her best life conditions. Even when Jane Eyre leaves Thornfield and Rochester sinks into desperation, he insists on sending Arete to school. He respects and trusts Mr. Fairfax. “He sent Mrs. Fairfax, the housekeeper, away to her friends at a distance; but he did it handsomely, for he settled an annuity on her for life”. (Bronte: 2002: 288) Even for his crazy wife, he also takes good care of her with kindness and sympathy. When the Thornfield manor is on fire, he wakes up all servants in the loft and helps them go downstairs and then moves his wife out of the loft. In such an emergency, he is willing to save his wife, the biggest obstruction between him and Jane Eyre. In such a heavy fire, Rochester loses one eye and an arm. Though Rochester is disabled, he has great braveness and will, which should be highly praised.When he meets with Jane Eyre, Rochester finds his soul destination. They can make psychological communication with each other. “I have now been married ten years. I know what it is to live entirely for and with what I love best on earth. I hold myself supremely blest--blest beyond what language can express; because I am my husband's life as fully is he is mine...All my confidence is bestowed on him, all his confidence is devoted to me; we are precisely suited in character--perfect concord is the result.” (Bronte: 2002: 306) From the statement of Jane Eyre, it can be seen that they have a happy marriage because their marriage is established on love and spiritual communication. In order to pursue the true love, Rochester even dares to challenge the traditional marriage system and traditional ethics and morality, which fully represent his great braveness.2.2 Image Connotation of RochesterIn the novel, Charlotte Bronte endows the image of Rochester with abundant connotation. He gradually changes from the victim of traditional British marriage system to an oppressor to women. Living in the society dominated by patriarchal culture, he is the representative of patriarchal society.2.2.1 From the Oppressed to OppressorRochester becomes oppressor from the oppressed. In the novel, it can be seen that Rochester is not the nobleman and he has not inherited the title of nobleman and property and he also has no elegant behaviors and noble temperament. He has no beautiful appearance and his behaviors are rude but with passion. He has wide vision and acute eyesight and he is interested in industrial revolution and overseas expansion. The psychological oppression of nobility forces Rochester produces strong consciousness of resistance. He attacks the oppression of noble quality with the approach of playing love game. However, Rochester is a penniless man. He has no right to inheritthe property and finally accepts an arranged marriage made by his brother. Though he becomes the owner of thirty thousand pounds’property, he is not happy at his marriage. He always considers that his marriage is a transaction and he is a man being sold in this transaction (Wang & Zhang, 2004). He lives in an oppressed life, which makes him become irritable and sensitive. Due to the traditional marriage system, Rochester has no way to divorce Bertha. In this sense, it can be seen that he is the oppressed of unfair marriage system. In order to resist against such kind of unfair marriage system and get rid of Bertha, he unexpectedly imprisons her in the loft and then takes his journey. In Europe, he constantly seeks for his love but fails. His dissipated behaviors are reflection of resistance against the unfair traditional marriage system.However, Rochester gradually changes into an oppressor. After getting married with Bertha, he becomes the owner of thirty thousand pounds’ dowry and becomes a rich man from a penniless man. In this sense, Bertha becomes his accessory. He has the right to control his wife. When he tries to get rid of the depressive marriage life, he even imprisons Bertha in the loft and takes his journey to pursue new love and marriage. Though he has kept several concubines, he looks down upon those noble women. He just regards them as play things and does not devote any affection. Until he meets with Jane Eyre, he seeks for the true love, which is established on spiritual association. He loves Jane Eyre very much and takes good care of her. However, in the 19th century, the traditional feudal thought is still deep-rooted in the society of the Great British. In such a male-dominated society, man has the absolute discourse rights. Women are always constrained by men in various aspects of the society. For example, in the early period of 19th century, women’s occupations are limited only in private teacher, school teacher or cotton spinner (Li Qiong, 2009). They have no opportunity to participate in other fields of work. Once getting married, women become the property of men and they no longer have the right to pursue their life and fate. Even women with female consciousness will gradually lose their independence under the influence of patriarchal culture. Jane Eyre is such a woman. She has strong female consciousness and spirit of independence. However, under the power of Rochester’love and patriarchal culture, she gradually loses herself and loses her female consciousness and independence. In such a society dominated by patriarchal culture, Rochester also has strong male chauvinism. Though he loves Jane Eyre very much, he does not regard Jane Eyre as an independent individual. He does not fully respect the personal dignity of Jane Eyre. In this sense, Rochester is an oppressor for Jane Eyre. By analyzing the change of Rochester, author reveals the unfairness of traditional marriage system and the deep influence of patriarchal culture in British society on men and women.2.2.2 Representative of British PatriarchyFrom the end of the 18th century to the 19th century, the Great Britain has experienced a series of political, social and economic things. The development of capitalist industry promotes social reform and industrial revolution. However, the laboring people live an extremely miserable life and the contradiction between labor force and capitalists has become the primary contradiction of the society. British society experiences great changes. However, at that time, the Great British is still a country in which the traditional feudal thought is deep-rooted and male chauvinism still constrains women. Various aspects of the social life can reflect the influence of male power. In terms of marriage, the status and development of women are seriously limited. Once getting married, woman should give all her dowry to his husband and her husband has the right to control her property. In family, women must completely submit to husbands. Rochester just livesin such an era so that he is deeply affected by the patriarchy and becomes the representative of British patriarchal society.After getting married with Bertha Mason, Rochester possesses her dowry for thirty thousand pounds and becomes a rich man from a penniless man. He not only forcibly occupies Bertha’s property but also imprisons her after being tried of her as well as names her as a crazy woman. He cruelly deprives Bertha from her discourse right and the right of freedom. Bertha becomes the victim of the patriarchal culture. After establishing relationship with Jane Eyre, Rochester gradually leads Jane Eyre to the passive position with the power and passion of love and at the same time wants to completely control Jane Eyre with wealth and domination of manus. As a male chauvinist, he does not regard Jane Eyre as an independent individual (Li Yanrong, 2010). He loves Jane Eyre ardently but always holds a gesture as a master. He spends money like water to purchase Jane Eyre gold and jewelry but always constrains the Jane Eyre’s independently personal dignity. Though Jane Eyre has strong female consciousness, she lives in the society where the patriarchal culture is dominant culture and is affected by the educational system dominated by patriarchy. After falling in love with Rochester, Jane Eyre has realized that she is fully occupied by Rochester’s love. “My master's colorless, olive face, square, massive brow, broad and jetty eyebrows, deep eyes, strong features, firm, grim mouth,--all energy, decision, will,--were not beautiful, according to rule; but they were more than beautiful to me; they were full of an interest, an influence that quite mastered me, --that took my feelings from my own power”. (Bronte: 2002: 115) “My future husband was becoming to me my whole world; and more than the world: almost my hope of heaven”. (Bronte: 2002: 186) It can be seen that Jane Eyre gradually loses herself under the authority of Rochester’s love. Under the constraint of patriarchal consciousness of Rochester, Jane Eyre gradually loses her independence and female consciousness and has become the anger in the house. Rochester lives in the era when the patriarchal culture is in the dominant position and he inherits the social tradition. In this sense, he is the representative of British patriarchy.2.2.3 Victim of Failed MarriageRochester is also a victim of failed marriage. Jane Eyre is created in the British Victorian Age. At that time, the discourse right that dominates British society is to determine everyone’s position in the society by wealth, social status and gender. The law provides that the elder son has the right of inheritance, which deprives younger son and daughters from right of inheriting the property. It leads Rochester to a penniless man and loses his social status, which cannot be accepted by Rochester and his brother. In order avoid Rochester becoming a poor man; his brother arranges a marriage with thirty thousand pounds dowry before his graduation. Then, unsophisticated Rochester accepts this marriage and becomes a bridegroom. According to the legal provision in the 19th century, after getting married, Robert becomes the owner of the dowry. But this marriage is just a transaction (Zhao Yanmei, 2012). Rochester is young and full of amazing dream and pursuit so that he feels frustrated about this transacted marriage. In this transaction, he always considers that he is sold. When he finds the defects of Bertha, he wants to dissolute the marriage. However, in that society, it is difficult to ask for a divorce. In Marriage and Morality, Russell has pointed that “In England, couple could not divorce due to psychiatry, so the husband or the wife of the patient would be reduced into an unbearable situation. In this case, the restrained one easily became irritable and even lost his temper.”(Russell, 2009: 12) Thus, under the oppression of the patriarchy in the society with patriarchal culture, he gives up thisidea.In depressive life, he becomes more and more fiery and extremely sensitive ad he always thinks that he is mocked by others. Adding with the dissipated life of Bertha, he regards himself as a poor. In his narration to Jane Eyre, Rochester regards his marriage with Bertha as miserable chasm. Rochester has suffered a lot of torment in such a marriage and he even wants to commit a suicide. Since then, he begins to escape from reality and try to look for new life. He brings Bertha to Thornfield and imprisons Bertha in the loft and then begins his journey. In Europe, Rochester constantly woos beautiful girls and wants to establish new marriage. But he finally finds those beautiful girls all lack wisdom. He has to give up his ideal pursuit for failure for several times. He becomes disappointed about women and marriage and his passion about trying to change his fate and life is ruined by the cold reality (Zhang Yulong, 2011). Until he meets with Jane Eyre, he is attracted by this homely girl with her unique inner beauty. After establishing the relationship, at the risk of committing the bigamy, Rochester gets married with Jane Eyre. However, later, due to the fire set by Bertha, Rochester not only loses the manor but also loses one eye and arm. In addition, Jane Eyre leaves him for being cheated. His two marriages bring him irretrievable harm on spirit and physical body. He becomes the victim of the marriage system in such a society. He pays a heavy price for his marriage. Until Jane Eyre comes back, he begins a new life.2.2.4 Representative of AnglicanRochester is the representative of Anglican and he has strong consciousness of Christianity. Rochester appears on the stage with an image giving up evil and returning to good. He confesses his past sins and hopes to construct a new with Jane Eyre. He states, “Ten years since, I flew through Europe half mad; with disgust, hate, and rage as my companions: now I shall revisit it healed and cleansed, with a very angel as my comforter."(Bronte: 2002: 175) From his statement, it can be seen that he has made decision to start a new life. In the church, when his wedding is interrupted and his secret is exposed, what he thinks only is the concept about the punishment on Christian for violating the commandment at that moment. He feels desperate and says “I am little better than a devil at this moment; and, as my pastor there would tell me, deserve no doubt the sternest judgments of God, even to the quenchless fire and deathless worm.” (Bronte: 2002: 198) Later, Rochester leads people to the loft where his wife is in and shows the behaviors of Bertha as well as quotes the words of Bible to warn them. At this moment, Rochester has completely devotes himself to his spirit and represents the unfairness and irrationality of the laws and systems of the British society at that period.In addition, Rochester’s fate can be seen as the demonstration of God’s admonition. When Jane Eyre knows that Rochester has got married and breaks up the relationship with Rochester, she uses the warnings to bigamists and intrigant of Jesus’s Sermon on the Mount to warn herself. “"No; you shall tear yourself away, none shall help you: you shall yourself pluck out your right eye; yourself cut off your right hand: your heart shall be the victim, and you the priest to transfix it." (Bronte: 2002: 201) Though those words are used by Jane Eyre to break up relationship with Rochester, the warnings are fulfilled by Rochester. Rochester violates commandment. He has lust for Jane Eyre and he abandons his wife without approval of traditional marriage system. As a result, he receives the punishment. He loses one eye and an arm in the heavy fire. Since then, he confesses his sin to God and atones for his crime in suffering so that he can regain the sight and take his wife as his right hand after getting married with Jane Eyre. He confesses his sin so thatGod relives the punishment on him. From the description, it can be seen that Rochester’s fate vividly reflects the expression of Christianity that is violating the commandment, suffering punishment, confessing sin and getting forgiveness (Zhou Xiaojuan, 2006). In addition, the way of violating commandment and content of punishment are consistent with God’s commandments. Rochester corrupts into a disable and poor man from the manor owner with huge wealth and toned physical body and lives in seclusion in manor of Ferndean. At that moment, Rochester extremely believes in God. He begins to make self-accusation and confesses his sin to God. He prays that he will live a purer life if God endows him with power and forgives his sins. Owing to his sincere confession, God relieves his punishment. It can be seen that the author endows image of Rochester with profound religious characteristics, which represents the authority of religion in the society.3. ConclusionIn Jane Eyre, Rochester is a special existence. Charlotte Bronte endows this character with abundant connotation. By analyzing the characters and the connotation of his image, it can know the reflection of social reality and social characteristics.This thesis mainly makes interpretation on Rochester from the perspectives of his characteristics and connotation of his image. By understanding the content of novel, it can be seen that Rochester is an ambitious man and he wants to achieve great accomplishment in such a society. In addition, he is also the victim of failed marriage and traditional British marriage system. In order to pursue the true love, he even runs the risk of committing bigamy, which represents his braveness to pursuit true love. However, Rochester gradually changes into an oppressor from the oppressed. Rochester is also greatly affected by the deep-rooted patriarchal culture and he is actually the performer and vindicator of patriarchal culture. Bertha and Jane Eyre gradually lose their independence under the authority of patriarchy. In this sense, Rochester is the representative of patriarchy. What’s more, the author also endows the image of Rochester with deeply religious significance. His experience and fate have strong religious characteristics. By creating such a character, Charlotte Bronte represents her individuality, emotion, thought and value and other things. From the image of Rochester, author reveals the background of times, male chauvinism and the spiritual ideology, unfairness of British traditional marriage system and so on, which shows the greatly artistic value.ReferencesCharlotte Bronte. Jane Eyre[M].Modern China PublishingHouse, 2002.R. w. Church, The Oxford Movement, London: Mac Millan and Co. Ltd. , 1922, P. 13.Gaskell, Elizabeth. The Life of Charlotte Bronte. Smith, Elder & Co., 1857, p. 73.Bertrand Russell. Marriage and Morals [M]. Taylor & Francis, 2009.Ellen Moers, The Dandy; Brummell to Beerbohm, New York The Viking Press, 1960, P. 18, PP. 184- 185.王文惠，张秀丹.《简·爱》男主人公罗切斯特读解［J］.齐齐哈尔大学学报,2004,（4）:86. 李琼. 浅议《简·爱》男主人公罗切斯特[J]. 甘肃广播电视大学学报, 2009 (3),33-34.连俊峰赵素妮. 《简·爱》中罗切斯特的性格解读[J]. 长城, 2012 (8), 23.李艳荣. 议《简爱》中罗切斯特形象的内涵[J]. 华章, 2010 (13), 27.赵艳梅. 《简·爱》中罗切斯特的爱情观解读[J]. 长江大学学报(社会科学版), 2012 (1), 11-12.章玉龙. 也谈《简·爱》中的罗切斯特形象[J]. 科技致富向导, 2011 (4), 45. 周小娟. 论基督教文化语境下的罗切斯特形象[J].社科纵横, 2006 (11), 67-68.。
英美文学论文题目全集
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Reading 高中生在处理阅读句法时的困难因素","英语教学法""How to Improve Class Teaching Art 如何改进课堂教学艺术","英语教学法""The Practice of Innovative Spoken English Teaching in Rural School浅议英语口语创新教学在农村中学的实施","英语教学法""A Brief Comment on the Importance of Setting Situational Context in Teaching 简述情景语境在教学中的重要性","英语教学法""Combination of Games and Teaching in Junior Middle School English 游戏与初中英语教学的结合","英语教学法""How to Improve English Listening Skills怎样提高英语听力能力","英语教学法""Inquiry Learning of English in Senior High Schools 高中的英语研究性学习","英语教学法""Semi-autonomous Learning in Classroom Teaching 课堂教学中的半自主学习","英语教学法" "Vocabulary Teaching Strategies at Intermediate Level 中级词汇教学策略","英语教学法""Problems of and Solutions to Junior Middle School English Language Testing 初中英语测试问题及其对策","英语教学法""Enlightenments from 11 Professors' Foreign Language Study Experiences 11位教授们外语学习的启示","英语教学法""Considerations on English Culture Teaching in Junior Middle Schools in China 初中英语文化教学的思考","英语教学法""Task-bases Approach to Teaching English Reading in Senior Middle School 高中英语阅读的"任务式教学" ","英语教学法""Analysis of Characters in the Scarlet Letter红字中的人物分析","文学""The Application of Irony in Pride and Prejudice 反讽艺术在《傲慢与偏见》中的运用","文学""The Disillusionment of the American Dream in the Great Gatsby 《了不起的盖茨比》中美国梦的幻灭","文学""Ernest Hemingway and His Code Hero in The Old Man and the Sea 厄尼斯特·海明威和他《老人与海》中的准则英雄","文学""An Analysisi on Hamlet's Characters 浅析哈姆雷特的性格","文学""Virginia Woolf's Feminism in A Room of One's Own 《一间自己的房间》一书中伍尔夫的女权思想","文学""On the Explicitness and Implicitness of Conjunctions in English-Chinese Translation Process论连词再英汉翻译中的显性和隐性存在","翻译""On The Application And Connotation Of Color Words 颜色词的运用及其含义","语言学" "Approaching Domestication and Foreignization in Translation from a Functional Perspective从功能翻译角度看归化与异化","翻译""On Translation of Idioms 论习语的翻译","翻译""On Wordsworth and His Conception of Nature 论华兹华斯和他的自然主义情结","文学""On Marriage Reflecting wrence's View on Sex and Love Brief in Women in Love论《恋爱中的女人》婚姻反映D.H劳伦斯的性爱观","文学""On Catherine's Contradicition in ''Love'' And In ''Wuthering'' Heights呼啸山庄中凯瑟琳"爱"的矛盾","文学" "The Destruction of the Nature of Daughter--The Root of Tess's Tragedy大自然之女的摧毁-苔丝悲剧的根源","文学""The Causes of Tess's Tragedy苔丝悲剧成因","文学""Views On Marriage In Jane Austin's Pride and Prejudice简评《傲慢与偏见》中的婚姻","文学" "Dickens's Humanitarianism In A Tale of Two Cities双城记中狄更斯的人道主义","文学""Comparison between English and Chinese Taboos英汉禁忌语比较","语言学""Culture Teaching in the Language Acquisition of Middle School-Train students' Intercultural Communication Competence中学英语学习中的文化教学——培养学生的跨文化交际能力","英语教学法" "An Analysis of English and Chinese Proverbs in Intercultural Communication跨文化交际中英汉谚语浅析","语言学""Analysis of Body Language in Nonverbal Communication非言语交际中的体语分析","语言学" "Translation of Chinese Receipts and the Differences of Cookery Culture between Chinese and English-speaking Countries中餐菜谱的英译及中西饮食文化差异","翻译""Words Cultural Connotation in Translation词语文化内涵在翻译中的体现","语言学""A Comparative Study of the Cultural Differences between Chinese and English Kinship Terms英汉亲属称谓差异比较研究","语言学""On Cultural Differences and Translation of Color Words汉英色彩词的文化差异及其翻译","语言学" "Cultural Differences and Translation文化差异及其翻译","文化""On the Untranslatability due to Cultural Differences不可译现象在中英文化差异中的体现","翻译" "Extra-linguistic Context and Translation非语言语境与翻译","翻译""Comparison and Translation of Chinese and English Idioms汉英习语对比与翻译","翻译""On Translation of Chinese and English Idioms from Cultural Perceptives从文化的角度谈英汉习语的翻译","翻译""Cultural Differences Between English and Chinese Idioms And Translation中英文习语翻译中的文化差异比较","翻译""Negative Transfer of Mother Tongue in Writing","语言学"" Politeness in Cross-Cultural Business Negotiation","商务英语""A Cross-culture Comparison of Euphemism in Chinese and English英汉委婉语的跨文化比较","语言学" " On Comparisons Between Chinese and Western Food Cultures 浅谈中西饮食文化的比较","文化" "Cultural Comparison Between English and Chinese Animal Expressions 动物词语的中英文化比较","语言学""On Difference of Cultural Connotation Between Chinese and English Color Words 浅析英汉颜色词文化内涵的差异","语言学""Impact of Culture Differences on Brand Translation of Trademarks 文化差异对商标翻译的影响","翻译" "Negative Transfer of Mother Tongue in Writing母语负迁移对写作的影响","语言学"" Politeness in Cross-Cultural Business Negotiation跨文化商务谈判中的礼貌用语","商务英语"" On Comparisons Between Chinese and Western Food Cultures 浅谈中西饮食文化的比较","文化" "Cultural Comparison Between English and Chinese Animal Expressions 动物词语的中英文化比较","语言学""On Difference of Cultural Connotation Between Chinese and English Color Words 浅析英汉颜色词文化内涵的差异","语言学""On Culture and Addressing Terms in Chinese and English 汉英语言之文化及其称谓语","语言学" "Rhetorical Devices in English Poems and their Stylistic Effects 英语诗歌中的修辞手段及其文体学效果","语言学""Reflection on the English Taboo Words论英语禁忌语","语言学""On Sexism in The English Language论英语语言中的性别歧视","语言学""Cultural Context and The Translation of Metaphors文化语境和隐喻的翻译","翻译""A Pragmatic Analysis of the Relations Between the Politeness Principle and the Cooperative Principle","语言学""A Pragmatic Analysis of the Relations between the Politeness Principle and the Cooperative Principle礼貌原则与会话合作原则关系的语用分析","语言学""Communicative Approaches and its Application to Grammar Teaching交际教学法及其在语法教学中的运用","英语教学法""Understanding and Translation of Polysemous Words 多义词的理解和翻译","语言学""Conversion of Part of Speech in English-Chinese Translation 英译汉中词类的转换","翻译" "Foreignizing and Domesticating strategies in Cross-cultural Translation 跨文化翻译中的异化与归化策略","翻译""Cultural Differences in English and Chinese Idioms and Their Translation 英汉习语的文化差异及翻译","语言学""The Phenomena of the Nominal Ellipsis in EST 科技英语的名词性省略现象","语言学""Cultural Differences and Brand Translation 文化差异与商标翻译","商务英语""A Study of the Chinese-English Translation of Trademarks 浅谈商标的汉英翻译","翻译""Irony in Sense and Sensibility《理智与情感》中的反讽手法","文学""The" Tragicomic" Nature of far from Madding Crowd远离尘嚣的悲喜性","文学""Tragic Consciousness in Hemingway's Work悲剧意识在海明威作品中的体现","文学""Submersion and Survival of Gatsby's Greatness盖茨比伟大精神的泯灭和残存","文学""The Opinion of Emme's Happiness爱玛的幸福观","文学""How To deal with culture-loaded words in idioms translation习语翻译中文化词的处理","翻译" "Cultural Connotation and Translation for Color Words颜色词的文化内涵与翻译","翻译""The Translation of English Loanwords into Chinese英语外来词汉化的基本途径","翻译""When in Rome do as the Romans do——On translation of Chinese trademarks into English 入乡随俗——论中文商标的英译","翻译""Cultural differences and Translation between Chinese and English Idioms汉英习语的文化差异与翻译","翻译""Foreignization In Translation in the 21st in China21世纪中国的异化翻译","翻译""The Transfer of Culture Image and of English and Chinese Idioms in Translating论英汉习语翻译中的文化意象的转化","翻译""From Realism to Idealism ━Views on Jane Austen's Attitude towards Marriage in Pride and Prejudice 从现实到理想━论简·奥斯丁在《傲慢与偏见》中的婚姻观","文学""Techniques employed to create mystery and suspense in Jane Eyre浅析《简·爱》中运用的神秘和悬念技巧","文学""On the Development of Jane Eyre's Rebellious and Indomitable Character简析简·爱的反抗和不屈服性格的发展过程","文学""On Jane Eyre's Contradictory Characteristics 对简·爱矛盾性格的剖析","文学""Prynne's Final Return 白兰的最后回归","文学""Tess: A Pure Woman —An Analysis of Tess'Tragic Fate 苔丝:一个纯洁的女人—对苔丝悲剧命运的分析","文学""Scarlet's Characters—American traits 思嘉的性格—美国性格","文学""on Situational English Teaching in Middle School中学英语情景教学","英语教学法""on the Application of Nonverbal Communication in English Teaching浅谈非语言交际在英语教学中的运用","英语教学法""on Strengthening Mutual Promotion between Study and Research in English Teaching关于英语教学中加强学习与研究的相互促进","英语教学法""On Body Language in English Teaching 中学英语教学中的肢体语言","英语教学法""On English PHB Idioms and Their Culture 论英语人体器官习语与其文化","语言学""Found the Teaching Situation to Create Students'Individual Character创设教学情景,培养创新能力","英语教学法""How to Promote the Effectiveness of Communicative Language Teaching in Senior English Teaching如何促进交际语言教学在高中英语教学中的有效性","英语教学法""How to Activate Students' Motivation in Middle School English Class 如何在中学英语课堂上发挥学生的能动性","英语教学法""The innovation of Junior English Assignment初中英语作业布置的改革","英语教学法""The Signification of Nonverbal Communication in English Teaching非语言交际在英语教学中的重要性","英语教学法""Application of Playing Games to Middle- school English Grammar Teaching and its Effects中学英语语法教学中游戏的运用及其效果","英语教学法""English teaching from Presentation -Practice -Production to Task-Based Learning","英语教学法" "Basic Strategy for Advertisement Translation-Target-language Oriented Strategy 广告翻译的基本策略--以目的语言为取向的翻译策略","翻译""Cultural Discrepancies in E/C Idioms and Their Translation 英汉习语的文化差异及其翻译","文化" "Lexical Rhetorical Devices in English-Chinese Translation 英汉翻译中的词义修辞格","翻译""The Criteria of the Translation of Computer English计算机英语的翻译标准","翻译" "Comprehension: A Very Important Part of Translation理解:翻译中不可或缺的一部分","翻译""The Translation of the Brand Name 商标名称的翻译","翻译""Strategies for Translationg English Slang into Chinese英语俚语汉译的技巧","翻译""Interpretation of Becky and Amelia in Vanity Fair《名利场》中蓓基和爱米丽娅的形象分析","文学" "Struggle in Nothingness——A Study of Hemingway's theme in A Farewell to Arms 虚无的抗争——《永别了武器》主题研究","文学""An Analysis of Charlotte Bronte' Character 夏洛蒂勃朗特的性格分析","文学""A Sad Melody of Female Characters in The Great Gatsby 《了不起的盖茨比》的一曲女性悲歌","文学" "Dickens's Characerization in The Pickwick Papers 狄更斯在《匹克威克外传》中的人物塑造","文学""The Manifestation of Naturalism In Sister Carrie 自然主义在《嘉莉妹妹》中的体现","文学""Reality and Dream——a Comarisom of Charlotte Bronte's and Jane Eyre's worlds 现实和梦想——夏洛蒂勃朗特和简爱世界对比","文学""On the Tragedy of Heathcliff in Wuthering Heights 论《呼啸山庄》中希斯克里夫的悲剧性","文学""A Brief Analysis of the Similarities between Madame Bovary and Tess of The D'urbervilles 浅析《包法利夫人》与《德伯家的苔丝》之相似点","文学""An Analysis of Roger Chillingworth in The Scarlet Letter 《红字》中齐灵窝斯之人物分析","文学" "Emotionality and Rationality----An Analysis of Jane Austen's Romanticism and Realism in Terms of Elizabeth's Marriage 感性与理性——从伊丽沙白看简.奥斯汀浪漫主义与现实主义并存的婚姻观","文学" "An Analysis of the Defects in Jane Eyre's Character 试析简.爱的性格缺陷","文学""The Analysis of the Characteristics of Oliver Twist 奥列佛.特威斯特之个性分析The Analysis of the Characteristics of Oliver Twist ","文学""An Analysis of the Multiple Images of Buck in The Call of the Wild 《野性的呼唤》中巴克多重形象之分析","文学""Cultural Factors in the Translation of Poems诗歌翻译中的文化因素","翻译""Cultural Differences and the Translation of Brand Names文化差异与商标翻译","翻译""Cultural Differences and Untranslatability文化差异和不可译性","翻译""Cultural Differences and Vocabulary Translation文化差异及词汇翻译","翻译""The Application of Fuzziness in the Translation翻译中的模糊语现象","翻译""Translator as Artist -Translator's Individuality in Literary Translation译者作为一位艺术家--论文学翻译中的译者个性","翻译""The Translation of Movie Titles电影名的翻译","翻译""Analysis of the Cultural Differences Between Chinese and English Address Forms 中英称谓语文化差异分析","文化""A Contrastive Study of Address in Chinese and English 中英称谓对比研究","文化""A Pragmatic Analysis of English Euphemism 英语委婉语语用分析","语言学""On the Features of Advertising English 试论广告英语的特征","商务英语""On the Cultural Differences of Color Words Between Chinese and English 论中英色彩词的文化差异","语言学""Cultural Differences and Similarities in Personal Space Between Chinese and Americans 中美交际空间的文化差异","文化""A Study of Allusions from the Perspective of ICC Competence 从跨文化交际能力角度看典故","文化" "Translating the English Verbs into Chinese 英语动词的汉译","翻译""Colour Words and the Translation 颜色词及其翻译","翻译""Domestication and Foreignization in The Book of Songs 诗经翻译的归化和异化","翻译""Cultural Comparison and Idioms Translation 文化对比与习语的翻译","翻译""Social-cultural Context and the Translator's Choice of Words ——A Comparison of Two Chinese Versions of Jane Eyre 社会文化背景和译者的选词——对简爱两种译本的比较","翻译""The Effect That Non-linguistic Context Has on Translation 非语言语境在翻译中的作用","翻译" "Cultural Gaps between English and Chinese Idioms and Their Translation 英汉习语的文化差异及其翻译","翻译""A Tentative Exploration of Second Culture in FLT 外语教学中第二文化初探","英语教学法""Words Translation between Different Cultures 不同文化中词汇的翻译","翻译""Body Language on International Communication","文化""Cultural Connotation of Animal Words and Translation 动物词汇的文化内涵与翻译","语言学""On Cultural Differences and Idiom Translation 文化差异与习语翻译","翻译""Gender Differences Reflected in Advertisement 性别差异在广告中的反映","文化""Cultural Barriers in Reading of English 英语阅读中的文化障碍","文化""The Reflection of Lawrence's Thoughts in Three Aspects On Lady Chatterly 劳伦斯三方面思想在查特莱夫人身上的反映","文学""A Brief Talk on Gothic Novel:Jane Eyre 浅谈哥特体小说《简爱》","文学""Analysis of the Characters of the Code Hero from Hemingway's Point of View of Death 从海明威的生死观的角度论述准则英雄的性格特点","文学""Symbols in The Grapes of Wrath《愤怒的葡萄》中的象征涵义","文学""Naturalism In D H Lawrence' Works劳伦斯作品中的自然主义","文学"" Analysis of the Tragic Image-Mary and her Characteristic in The Long Days' Journey into Night浅析《长日入夜行》中的悲剧人物玛丽和她的性格","文学""A Good ,Perfect Tutor and Companion of Frederic Henry-An Analysis of Catherine Barkley 《永别了,武器》中的凯瑟琳巴克莱—亨利的爱情导师和人生伴侣","文学""The Influence of the Black on the American Music 黑人对美国音乐的影响","文化""Comparing the Symbolic Meanings of Color Words in Chinese and English 英汉颜色词象征意义的比较","语言学""Afro-American Athletes Dominate Some Sports 关于美国黑人在某些体育运动上优势成因的探讨","文化""A Contrastive Study of the Connotations of Flowers in English and Chinese 英汉花卉的文化内涵比较","文化""Social and Cultural causes of Sexism in English and Chinese英汉语中性别歧视现象的文化和社会成因分析","文化""Some Women Character In David Copperfield","文学""THE SUN ALSO RISES ANG THE LOST GENERATION","文学""An Ethic Conflict between Extreme Individualism and Morality in Jack London's The Sea Wolf 杰克伦敦的《海狼》中极端个人主义与道义的冲突","文学""Hardy's Narrative Skill in Tess of the D'Urbervilles","文学""The Blood of Jesus Christ","文学""An Analysis of Scarlett's marriage分析思佳丽的婚姻","文学""The International Theme in Henry James' Works 亨利.詹姆斯作品中的国际题材","文学""On the View of Marriage in Pride and Prejudice论《傲慢与偏见》中的婚姻观","文学""On Hemingway Code Hero","文学""Non-correspondence in Word Meanings Due to Cultural Differences 由文化差异引起的汉英词义的非对应性","语言学""The Analysis of Bodylanguage in Inter Cultural Communication 浅析跨文化交际中的体态语","文化" "The Study of Sexism in English and Chines Language 英汉语言中性别歧视的研究","语言学" "Chiese and Westren-style Diet Cultural Differences 中西方饮食文化差异","文化""Address and Cultural Difference 称呼语言与文化差异","语言学""Cultural Differences Between English and Chinese Metaphorical Expressions in Translation 英汉比喻性表达的文化差异与翻译","语言学""Discussion about the Differences of Color Words Between English and Chinese 中西方语言中有关颜色词的差异","语言学""On Translation of English Trademarks Into Chinese----On Beauty In Sense Sound And Form浅谈英文商标的汉译--意美,音美,形美","翻译""Some of the Ways to Idiom Translation 习语翻译法","翻译""Paralanguage and Literature Translation -With Reflections on the Version of Dream of Red Mansions 副语言与文学翻译--对《红楼梦》译本的思考","翻译""Methods of Translating Color Words Based on Cultural Differences between Chinese and English","翻译""Culture-gap Words and the Translation文化空缺词及其翻译","翻译""Understanding-the Key to Translation理解是翻译的关键","翻译""A Brief Talk about Two Approaches to the Translation of Metaphor浅谈隐喻翻译的两种方法","翻译" "A Glimpse of English Film Title Translation 英语电影名翻译一瞥","翻译"" THE SYMBOLISM IN WOMEN IN LOVE论恋爱中的女人》中的象征手法","文学""Humanity in Great Expectations《远大前程》中的"仁爱" ","文学""The Tragic Colour of Tess of the D'Urbervills 论《德伯家的苔丝》的悲剧色彩","文学""The Similarities between Jane Austen and Elizabeth in Her Novel Pride and Prejudice 简.奥斯丁和其小说《傲慢与偏见》中伊丽莎白的相似点","文学""To Development of Jane Eyre's Characters 论简爱性格的形成","文学""The Revenge in Wuthering Heights 论《呼啸山庄》中的复仇","文学""Study on the Pursuit of Harmonious Male-female Relationship in Sons and Lovers 《儿子和情人》中追求和谐的两性关系的研究","文学""Symbolism in Faulkner's A Rose for Emily《献给爱米丽的一朵玫瑰花》中象征手法的运用","文学" "Marriage in Pride and Prejudice 《傲慢与偏见》中的婚姻面面观","文学""Writing Techniques in Martin Eden 论《马丁.伊登》的写作手法","文学""Love Hatred and Revenge in Wuthering Heights《呼啸山庄》中的爱,恨与复仇","文学"" Analysis of the Protagonist's Character of Emma《爱玛》中女主角性格分析","文学""Symbolism in The Scarlet Letter《红字》中的象征意义","文学""Humanistic Spirit in Dickens's Works人文主义思想再狄更斯作品中的体现","文学""Social-cultural Differences and the Translator's Choice of Words社会文化差异与译者的选词","翻译" "The Application of Domestication and Foreignization in the Translation of Culture 文化翻译中归化与异化的应用","翻译""Cultural Differences and Untranslatability文化差异与不可译性","翻译""The Context in Relation to Translation语境与翻译","翻译"。
字幕翻译类论文参考文献
字幕翻译类论文参考文献bibliographies:[1] samour, l.a. and r.e porter. intercultural communication: a reader(5thed) [m].wadsworth publishing co., .[2] goodman k. s. reading: a psycholinguistic guessing game [j]. journalof reading, .[3] anderson rc. frame works for comprehending discourse [j]. american educational research journal, ,14: 369.[4] 胡文仲主编. 文化与交际[m]. 北京：外语教学与研究出版社，.[5] 肖健壮. 英语学习策略[m]. 北京：现代出版社，.[6] 马博森. “阅读教学中的话语分析模式”，外语教学与研究[m]. XX年第2期63-66页.[7] 廖道胜.“中国学生英语阅读中的文化障碍”，外语教学[m]. XX年第4期73-77.biographical datawang lin, holds a doctorate in comparative literature and is vice-professor and dean of the english department of foshan university. he specializes in english literature and translation. he teaches english reading, translation, english literature, english poetry and has translated more than twenty english fictional and non-fictional works, such as aesop’s fables, the black pearl, the naturalism, the president lady, and oscar wilde and his fairy tales. he has published over ten academic papers, among the major ones; astudy on dubin's life, a study on translating criticism of creation society, oscar wilde and tian han,and a plan to explore the oral english teaching for students of non-english major.英语专业论文选题可以分成以下几个学科方向一、语言学(语言学一般理论的研究);二、英美文学(英美文学的文化研究、作品分析等);三、翻译学(翻译理论与实践探讨、译本研究以及名家名著翻译作品对比研究等);四、英美文化(英美提澳新等西方国家文化以及与汉文化的比较研究);五、教学法(英语教学法、测试学等方面的研究)。
英语专业本科论文《茶花女》
英语专业本科论文《茶花女》英语专业本科论文《茶花女》` An Analysis on Male-centered Consciousness in The Lady of the Camellias Acknowledgement In writing this thesis, I have benefited from the presence of my teachers and my classmates. They generously helped me collect materials I needed and made many invaluable suggestions. I hereby extend my grateful thanks to them for their kind help, without which the paper would notChen Ke, who guided me throughout my writing of this thesis. She carefully read the whole draft and offered painstaking and precious criticism. Her standards of academic excellence have made my revision an exciting and gratifying experience.without the help of those individuals and organizations hereafter mentioned with gratitude: the Foreign Language Department, the University Library and its staff. An Analysis on Male-centered Consciousness in The Lady of the Camellias Abstract The Lady of the Camellias was a masterpiece of world literature and even was presented on the stage for many times. And as we all know, The Lady of the Camellias was the first foreign novel that entered our country. It played an importantrole in modern Chinese literature. It was a tragic love story between Marguerite Gautier, a prostitute and a young bourgeois, Armand Duval. Marguerite was not only a prostitute but also a beautiful girl with pure heart. She sacrificed everything she had for love, even her own life. This essay analyzed the tragic story of The Lady of the Camellias from the prospective of male-centered consciousness. The paper is divided into four parts: the first part introduces the author, the writing background, story itself, and other basic information; the second part introduces the gender theory and male-centered consciousness which belongs to it; the third part analyzes the domination of Alexandre Dumas Fils’s male-centered consciousness on the Novel from different aspects, such as heroine’s identity, character, life experience, indication, women’s thoughts, the uneven relationship between woman and man, the author’s narrative technique; the fourth part sums up the paper and puts forward its practical significance. The tragic ending of the heroine was due to a multitude of reasons. But the main reason should be the domination of male-centered consciousness on the society and people’s thought. We should realize that the male-centered consciousness impacted not only literature works but also every aspects of people’s life. Key Words: Gendertheory; Male-centered Consciousness; The Lady of the Camellias 摘要《茶花女》是法国亚历山大·小仲马的代表作，是一部世界文学经典，曾被多次搬上舞台银幕。
英语论文参考文献
英语论文参考文献Bibliographies:[1] Samour, L.A. and R.E Porter. Intercultural Communication: A Reader (5thed) [M].Wadsworth Publishing Co., 1988.[2] Goodman K. S. Reading: A psycholinguistic Guessing Game [J]. Journal of Reading, 1976.[3] Anderson RC. Frame Works for Comprehending Discourse [J]. American Educational Research Journal, 1997,14: 369.[4] 胡文仲主编. 文化与交际[M]. 北京：外语教学与研究出版社，1994.[5] 肖健壮. 英语学习策略[M]. 北京：现代出版社，1997.[6] 马博森. “阅读教学中的话语分析模式”，外语教学与研究[M]. 2000年第2期63-66页.[7] 廖道胜.“中国学生英语阅读中的文化障碍”，外语教学[M]. 2001年第4期73-77.Biographical DataWang Lin, holds a doctorate in Comparative Literature and is vice-professor and Dean of the English Department of Foshan University. He specializes in English Literature and Translation. He teaches English reading, translation, English literature, English poetry and has translated more than twenty English fictional and non-fictional works, such as Aesop’s Fables, The Black Pearl, The Naturalism, The President Lady, and Oscar Wilde and His Fairy Tales. He has published over ten academic papers, among the major ones; A Study on Dubin's Life, A Study on Translating Criticism of Creation Society, Oscar Wilde and Tian Han,and A Plan to Explore the Oral English Teaching for Students of non-English Major.英语专业论文选题可分为以下几个学科方向一、语言学(语言学一般理论的研究);二、英美文学(英美文学的文化研究、作品分析等);三、翻译学(翻译理论与实践探讨、译本研究以及名家名著翻译作品对比研究等);四、英美文化(英美加澳新等西方国家文化以及与汉文化的比较研究);五、教学法(英语教学法、测试学等方面的研究)。
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2542018年26期总第414期文艺研究ENGLISH ON CAMPUS An Analysis of the Heroine in Cat in the Rain by Ernest Hemingway文/孙薇薇【Abstract】Cat in the Rain, Hemingway’s short fiction, portrays a woman identified with the traditional genderrole. By analyzing the heroine’s relationship with the Cat, the hotel owner and her husband, it is indicated that she is subject to a dependent life with the patriarchal authority.【Key words】Heroine; Gender role; Cat in the Rain; Patriarchal 【作者简介】孙薇薇，河南师范大学外国语学院。
Introduction Cat in the Rain written by Hemingway depicts a simple but meaningful story against the background of the feminist movement. An American couple is staying in an Italian hotel, and the wife finds a poor cat trapped in the rain. She goes out to save it but fails. Eventually, in the evening the maid, asked by the hotel owner, brings the wife a cat. Most critics hold the view that the wife’s desire for the cat represents her awakening and her resistance to such a patriarchal society. However, an examination of the heroine’s respective relationship with the cat, the hotel keeper and her husband reveals that she wants to go back home to a dependent life and accepts the traditional value of gender.The Woman and the Cat The cat given by the hotel owner is not the one the woman searches for at the beginning. The heroine calls this animal that she tries to rescue as “a cat”, “the cat”, “herself”, “she”, “that kitty”, “the poor kitty”, “the cat” and “it”. The application of definite articles and demonstrative pronouns specifically refers to the poor “cat” in the rain. However, a different “cat” appears in the following conversation.“A cat!” the maid laughed. “A cat in the rain!”“Yes, ” she said, “under the table.” Then, “Oh, I wanted it so much. I wanted a kitty.” After the second occurrence of “wanted”, she employs “a kitty”. She applies “A” instead of a determiner, signifying a fundamental shift in her desire. That is to say, she just wants a cat which is not limited to the one in the rain.The heroine places different feelings on the two kinds of “cat”. Her intention of saving the “cat” in the rain can be understood as her self-consolation, for she isn’t satisfied with her depressing conditions and wants to display her own power. The second kind of “cat” refers to “a pet cat” considering her other needs: long hair, silver, candles, and new clothes. This implies that she wants to live a comfortable and distinguished life, and a pet cat is a part of her superior materialistic life. From “cat in the rain” to “a pet cat”, the heroine changes her desires from self-liberation to man’s care and protection just as a pet cat does. She is dependent and typical of a woman’s traditional gender role.The Woman and the hotel-keeper By analyzing the relationship between the woman and the hotel-keeper, it can also be found that she longs for a return to traditional gender roles.The hotel keeper waits on the woman and caters to her every need. He bows to her, sends a maid with an umbrella to protect her from the rain, and gives her a cat at the story’s end. As a result of his protection, the woman enjoys this treatment though she feels small and tight inside. This reflects that she submits to the feeling of worthlessness without realizing it is fake happiness of self-worth, which also demonstrates she accepts the traditional view of women: weak, helpless and dependent.The Woman and her Husband It’s commonly believed that her husband stands for men’s superiority. However, after a careful examination of the plot, it can be concluded that he is a supporter of women’s liberation in the 20th century. He likes his wife’s short hair which is the opposite to traditional aesthetic standard by which women are judged. In addition, he respects his wife’s choice when she refuses his help, for he believes she has the ability to deal with the cat problem. When the woman expresses her irrational needs, he encourages her to read a book rather than think too much about the material life, hoping she can be independent, confident, and thoughtful. But the woman really wants her husband’s care and protection, which also shows she subjects to a dependent life with the patriarchal authority.Conclusion After analyzing the heroine’s relationship with the Cat (a symbolic change from self-liberation to dependence), the hotel owner and her husband, it can be seen that the heroine is eager for a dependent life with care and protection from her husband, just like a pet cat, which shows she identifies with a woman’s traditional gender role.References：[1]Kert,Bernice.The Hemingway Women:Those who loved him — thewives and others[M].New Y ork:W.W.Norton ＆Company,1983.[2]Lynn,Kenneth S.Hemingway[M].New York:Simon and Scheuster,1987.。