Test 1(weeek 2)教师卷

Test 1According to German novelist Heinrich Mann (1871-1950), a house without books is like a room without windows. Mann __1__ pointed out the value of books, but some researchers have found evidence that people with books in their homes really do gain a window on the world.A new study in the journal Social Science Research, published in October, suggests that people who grow up with more books are more likely to have educational __2__, and to achieve more in life, than people who grow up without them.In the study, over 160,000 adults from 31 countries and regions were asked about the number of books there were in their homes when they were 16 years old. Then they were __3__ in literacy, numeracy(计算能力) and information communication technology.The research shows that the number of books for each household __4__ greatly from country to country. __5__, the number of books is 27 in Turkey, 143 in the UK and 218 in Estonia. But "the total __6__ of home library size on literacy are large everywhere", according to researcher Joanna Sikora of Australian National University in a paper based on the study.The researchers found that people who had lower levels of secondary education but had a large number of books at home got a(n) __7__ score as university graduates who grew up with only a few books.The Guardian newspaper commented that "bookish adolescence makes for a good deal of educational advantage.""Reading books in a young age can __8__ shortcomings not only in adult literacy but also numeracy: its impacts are __9__ to additional years of education," Sikora told Science Alert.Apart from the educational benefits, growing up with more books also plays an important role in adult success."Early __10__ to books in the parental home matters because books are an essential part of routines and practices that __11__ lifelong cognitive（认知的）abilities", Sikora told Science Alert. These abilities are __12__ to future development.Without doubt, the fact that we are moving toward a digital era could __13__ the importance of printed books. For now, __14__, "they still seem to __15__ quite a large positive benefit, which shows no sign of decreasing", researchers wrote in the paper.1. A. simply B. definitely C. generally D. randomly2. A. backgrounds B. advantages C. requirements D. development3. A. estimated B. examined C. tested D. investigated4. A. changes B. alters C. shifts D. varies5. A. By comparison B. As a result C. For instance D. In total6. A. effects B. expenses C. inputs D. contributions7. A. higher B. lower C. average D. similar8. A. make up for B. break up with C. live up to D. catch upwith9. A. senior B. essential C. equal D. familiar0. A. addiction B. engagement C. devotion D. exposure11.A. prove B. demonstrate C. enhance D. acquire12.A. relevant B. crucial C. opposite D. compulsory13.A. weaken B. highlight C. overestimate D. reflect14.A. therefore B. however C. otherwise D. likewise15.A. enjoy B. obtain C. maintain D. reduce1-15 A B C D C A D A C D C B A B C(C)You're walking down a quiet street and suddenly you hear some footsteps. Undoubtedly, it means that there's someone around. But have you ever wondered why it occurs to us that it's someone else's footsteps, not ours?According to a new study published in the journal Nature in September, this phenomenon arises from a function in our brain to ignore the noise we make ourselves.In order to explore how our brain does this, a group of scientists carried out an experiment with mice at Duke University. The research centered on an intuition (直觉) -- that we are usually unaware of the sound of our own footsteps -- as a vehicle for understanding larger neural（神经系统的）phenomena: how this behavior reveals the ability to monitor, recognize, and remember the sound of one's own movements in relation to those of their larger environments.In the experiment, researchers controlled the sounds a group of mice could hear, reported Science Daily. During the first several days, the mice would hear the same sound each time they took a step. This was just like "running on a tiny piano with each key playing exactly the same note", senior study author Richard Mooney, a professor of neurobiology at Duke University, told Live Science.Scientists found that their auditory cortex(听觉皮层) -- the area of the brain that processes sound -- became active at first but decreased its response to the sound after two or three minutes when the mice became familiar with it."It's almost like they were wearing special headphones that could filter (过滤) out the sound of their own movements," David Schneider, an assistant professor at the Center for Neural Science at New York University, told HuffPost.But once the sound changed, their auditory cortex became active again. This suggests that the "sensory filter" in a mouse's brain could help it detect new sounds or abnormal noise in the environment easily after tuning out familiar sounds."For mice, this is really important," said Schneider. "They are prey animals, so they really need to be able to listen for a cat creeping up on them, even when they're walking and making noise.Being able to ignore the sounds of one's own movements is likely important for humans as well. But the ability to predict the sounds of our own actions is also important for more complex human behaviors such as speaking or playing an instrument."When we learn to speak or to play music, we predict what sounds we're going to hear -- such as when we prepare to strike keys on a piano -- and we compare this to what we actually hear," explains Schneider. "We use mismatches between expectation and experience to change how we play --and we get better over time because our brain is trying to minimize these errors."16.What can be discovered about mice in the experiment?A. Their brain responds inactively to the familiar sounds.B. They are able to detect sounds other animals don't notice.C. They cannot identify different sounds except their own footsteps.D. Different areas of their brain are responsible for different sounds.17.What’s the function of the sensory filter?A. Getting used to abnormal or unfamiliar sounds.B. Ignoring the sounds made by our companions.C. Identifying the sounds from a larger environment.D. Being sensitive to the sounds of our own movement.18.Why can a good symphony conductor immediately recognize it when a wrongnote is played?A. He has the ability to match the wrong note with the instrument player.B. He has an intuition that he should ignore the sound of his own movement.C. He has a low expectation and knows where players are likely to make errors.D. He has a good prediction of how each note should be played in the orchestra.19.What can be inferred from the passage?A. Noise-filtering ability ensures us a quiet and undisturbed environment.B. The ability to ignore familiar noises helps to detect potential dangers.C. The activeness of auditory cortex determines our activity performance.D. Sound-predicting ability seems not so important for humans as for animals.16-19 A C D B。