2007年考研英语阅读解翻译与解析
2007年考研英语真题答案及解析
[C] indeed 真正地，实际上 [D] moreover 而且
【答案】 B
【考点】 逻辑搭配
【难度系数】 0.763
【解析】 从选项给出的内容可以判断这里填入的词表示逻辑关系。文章第一段讨论独立领导者们拥有共同的治国理
念，而本段探讨的是他们在宗教问题方面存在的分歧。显然这是一种转折关系，故答案为 B。
A。
12.[A] Since 自……以来 [B] If 如果
[C] Unless 除非
Hale Waihona Puke [D] While 虽然【答案】 D
【考点】 逻辑搭配
【难度系数】 0.6
【解析】 前文谈到领导人在宗教上有分歧，接着谈到罗马天主教曾经是国教。空所在的句子则应该是谈到不同领导
人对宗教的看法，表示两种观点之间的对比关系，只有 D 合适，故答案为 D。
[D] rejected 拒绝
【答案】 A
【考点】 词汇搭配
【难度系数】 0.418
【解析】 空所在的语意为：许多独立国家的领导者 典型的政府理念，……，以及把个体的信仰作为社会的基础。
显然典型政府、职业、和自由贸易等都是对这一理念的具体说明，应该是这些领导人共同持有的。能表现一个群体
拥有共同想法的动词只有 A，故答案为 A。
[C] granted 授予，同意 [D] funded 为……提供资金
【答案】 A
【考点】 词义辨析
【难度系数】 0.239
【解析】空所在的语境是：罗马天主教在独立以前是国教，也是被西班牙王国政府所 的宗教。显然这里填入的词应
该是许可之类的，A 和 C 均有此义，C 强调申请之后被批准，显然宗教不适合用这个词，而容许更适合，故答案为
2007英语阅读真题翻译
2007英语阅读真题翻译Text 1If you were to examine the birth certificates of every soccer player in 2006’s World Cup tournament, you would most likely find a noteworthy quirk: elite soccer players are more likely to have been born in the earlier months of the year than in the later months. If you then examined the European national youth teams that feed the World Cup and professional ranks, you would find this strange phenomenon to be even more pronounced.21. The birthday phenomenon found among soccer players is mentioned to[A] stress the importance of professional training.[B] spotlight the soccer superstars in the World Cup.[C] introduce the topic of what makes expert performance.（C）[D] explain why some soccer teams play better than others.题目类型：主旨题一个小故事：喂喂喂，大家看看我有新发现，很多天才球星，都是出生在上半年，基本没有出生在下半年的，世界杯的全明星球员也是如此！是什么导致这种现象的发生呢？A.B.D并非主旨；相信大家看完这个小故事应该可以理解，文中通过出生在上半年，引起读者的好奇，啥导致上半年的人这么牛呢？C选项为正确选项What might account for this strange phenomenon? Here are a few guesses: a) certain astrological signs confer superior soccer skills; b) winter-born babies tend to have higher oxygen capacity, which increases soccer stamina; c) soccer-mad parents are more likely to conceive children in springtime, at the annual peak of soccer mania; d) none of the above.22. The word “mania” (Line 4, Paragraph 2) most probably means[A] fun.[B] craze.[C] hysteria.（B）[D] excitement.题目类型：主旨题小故事：好我们给大家四点原因：第一：星座关系，因为双鱼座的星象和宇宙辐射赋予了这些双鱼座孩子们的天赋；第二：冬天出生的孩子们，他们的肺活量大，跑的比别人远（突然想起来杰伦的听妈妈的话）；第三：痴迷于足球的母亲一般在春天，也就是足球每年巅峰的时候，才会怀孕；第四：以上都不是哇塞这题是不是太弱了，闭着眼都看出来了，每年疯狂巅峰；狂热巅峰的时候，才怀孕。
2007年英语一真题翻译
2007年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题文章翻译Section I Use of English到1830 年,前西班牙和葡萄牙的殖民地变成了独立的国家。
大约2000万居民满怀信心地展望未来。
出生于旧的社会政体和伊比利亚殖民主义的危机之中，许多独立的国家领导人共享的信念包括成立民选政府、人尽其材、商业和贸易自由、拥有私有财产的权利，并且相信个人是社会的基础。
人们普遍认为新的国家应该是主权国家以及独立的国家，国家足够强大有经济实力能存活下去并且有一套共同的法律所控制。
然而，在宗教自由和教会地位的问题上，领导人之间的观点就不那么一致了。
罗马天主教一直是国教，并且是西班牙国王允许的唯一宗教。
大部分领导人要求维持天主教作为新国家的正式宗教，而另一些人却要设法结束其他信仰被排斥的局面。
保护教会成了保守势力的战斗口号。
早期的独立领导人的理想通常是平等主义，把一切事物看作是平等的。
玻利瓦尔曾接受过海地的援助并且作为回报承诺在他解放的地区废除农奴制。
到1854 年，除了西班牙残存的殖民地以外，农奴制已经被废除。
先前做出的结束印第安人进贡和停止向混合血统人征税的承诺变得越来越难以实施，因为这些国家仍然需要这些政策产生的财政收入。
因为害怕大多数人民还没准备好自治和民主，这些平等主义观点经常被缓和了。
Section II Reading ComprehensionPart AText 1如果你查一下2006 年世界杯足球赛参赛队员的出生证明，你会发现一个令人注目的奇怪现象：杰出的足球队员大多出生于一年的前几个月而不是后几个月。
如果你再仔细观察一下为世界杯和著名职业球队培养队员的欧洲国家青年队，你会发现这一现象更加突出。
是什么原因导致了这种奇怪现象的发生呢？人们有如下猜测：a) 某些星座的人被赐予优秀的足球才能；b)冬天出生的孩子吸氧能力更强，踢足球的耐力好；c)热衷于足球的夫妇更可能在春季怀孕，因为此时是足球热的高潮；d)以上观点都不对。
考研英语2007年真题解析
2007年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题Directions：Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A，B，C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)By 1830 the former Spanish and Portuguese colonies had become independent nations. The roughly 20 million 1 of these nations looked 2 to the future. Born in the crisis of the old regime and Iberian Colonialism, many of the leaders of independence 3 the ideas of representative government, careers 4 to talent, freedom of commerce and trade, the 5 to private property, and a belief in the individual as the basis of society. 6 there was a belief that the new nations should be sovereign and independent states, large enough to be economically viable and integrated by a 7 set of 1aws.On the issue of 8 of religion and the position of the Church, 9 there was less agreement 10 the leadership. Roman Catholicism had been the state religion and the only one 11 by the Spanish crown. 12 most leaders sought to maintain Catholicism 13 the official religion of the new states, some sought to end the 14 of other faiths. The defense of the Church became a rallying 15 for the conservative forces.The ideals of the early leaders of independence were often egalitarian, valuing equality of everything. Bolivar had received aid from Haiti and had 16 in return to abolish slavery in the areas he liberated. By 1854 slavery had been abolished everywhere except Spain’s 17 colonies. Early promises to end Indian tribute and taxes on people of mixed origin c ame much 18 because the new nations still needed the revenue such policies 19 .Egalitarian sentiments were often tempered by fears that the mass of the population was 20 self-rule and democracy. 1．［A］natives ［B］inhabitants［C］peoples ［D］individuals2．［A］confusedly［B］cheerfully ［C］worriedly［D］hopefully3．［A］shared［B］forgot［C］attained［D］rejected4．［A］related［B］close［C］open［D］devoted5．［A］access［B］succession［C］right［D］return6．［A］Presumably［B］Incidentally［C］Obviously ［D］Generally7．［A］unique［B］common［C］particular［D］typical8．［A］freedom［B］origin［C］impact［D］reform9．［A］therefore［B］however［C］indeed［D］moreover10．［A］with［B］about ［C］among［D］by11．［A］allowed［B］preached［C］granted［D］funded12．［A］Since［B］If［C］Unless［D］While13．［A］as［B］for［C］under［D］against14．［A］spread［B］interference［C］exclusion［D］influence15．［A］support［B］cry［C］plea［D］wish16．［A］urged［B］intended［C］expected［D］promised17．［A］controlling［B］former［C］remaining［D］original18．［A］slower［B］faster［C］easier［D］tougher19．［A］created［B］produced［C］contributed［D］preferred20．［A］puzzled by［B］hostile to ［C］pessimistic about［D］unprepared forSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections：Read the following four texts．Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D．Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1．(40 points)T ext 1If you were to examine the birth certificates of every soccer player in 2006’s World Cup tournament．you would most likely fend a noteworthy quirk：elite soccer players are more likely to have been born in the earlier months of the year than in the later months．If you then examined the European national youth teams that feed the World Cup and professional ranks，you would find this strange phenomenon to be even more pronounced．What might account for this strange phenomenon? Here are a few guesses：a)certain astrological signs confer superior soccer skills；b)winter-born babies tend to have higher oxygen capacity, which increases soccer stamina；c) soccer-mad parents are more likely to conceive children in springtime，at the annual peak of soccer mania；d)none of the above．Anders Ericsson，a 58-year-old psychology professor at Florida State University, says he believes strongly in “none of the above．”Ericsson grew up in Sweden，and studied nuclear engineering until he realized he would have more opportunity to conduct his own research if he switched to psychology．His first experiment，nearly 30 years ago，involved memory：training a person to hear and then repeat a random series of numbers．“W ith the first subject，after about 20 hours of training，his digit span had risen from 7 to 20，” Ericsson recalls．“He kept improving，and after about 200 hours of training he had risen to over 80 numbers．”This success，coupled with later research showing that memory itself is not genetically determined，led Ericsson to conclude that the act of memorizing is more of a cognitive exercise than an intuitive one．In other words，whatever inborn differences two people may exhibit in their abilities to memorize，those differences are swamped by how well each person “encodes”the information．And the best way to learn how to encode information meaningfully, Ericsson determined，was a process known as deliberate practice．Deliberate practice entails more than simply repeating a task．Rather, it involves sexing specific goals，obtaining immediate feedback and concentrating as much on technique as on outcome．Ericsson and his colleagues have thus taken to studying expert performers in a wide range of pursuits，including soccer．They gather all the data they can，not just performance statistics and biographical details but also the results of their own laboratory experiments、^rim high achievers．Their work makes a rather startling assertion：the trait we commonly call talent is highly overrated．Or，put another way, expert performers—whether in memory or surgery, ballet or computer programming—are nearly always made，not born．21．The birthday phenomenon found among soccer players is mentioned to____.A. stress the importance of professional training．B. spotlight the soccer superstars in the World Cup．C. introduce the topic of what makes expert performance．D. explain why some soccer teams play better than others．22．The word “mania”(Line 4：Paragraph 2) most probably means____.A. funB. crazeC. hysteriaD. excitement23．According to Ericsson，good memory____.A. depends on meaningful processing of information．B. results from intuitive rather than cognitive exercises．C. is determined by genetic rather than psychological factors．D. requires immediate feedback and a high degree of concentration．24．Ericsson and his colleagues believe that____.A. talent is a dominating factor for professional success．B. biographical data provide the key to excellent performance．C. the role of talent tends to be overlooked．D. high achievers owe their Success mostly to nurture．25．Which of the following proverbs is closest to the message the text tries to convey?A. “Faith will move mountains．”B. “One reaps what one sows．”C. “Practice makes perf ect．”D. “Like father，like son．”T ext 2For the past several years，the Sunday newspaper supplement Parade has featured a column called “Ask Marilyn．”People are invited to query Marilyn VOS Savant．Who at age 10 had tested at a mental level of someone about 23 years old；that gave her an IQ of 228-the highest score ever recorded．IQ tests ask you to complete verbal and visual analogies，to envision paper after it has been folded and cut，and to deduce numerical sequences．among other similar tasks．So it is a bit confusing when V os Savant fields such queries from the average Joe(whose IQ is 100) as，What’s the difference between love and fondness? Or what is the nature of luck and coincidence? It’s not obvious how the capacity to visualize objects and to figure out numerical patterns suits one to answer questions that have eluded some of the best poets and philosophers．Clearly, intelligence encompasses more that a score on a test. Just what does it mean to be smart? How much of intelligence can be specified，and how much can we learn about it from neurology, genetics, computer science and other fields?The defining term of intelligence in humans still seems to be the IQ score，even though IQ tests are not given as often as they used to be．The test comes primarily in two forms：the Stanford Binet Intelligence Scale and the Wechsler Intelligence Scales (both come in adult and children’s version)．Generally costing several hundred dollars．they are usually given only by psychologists，although variations of them populate bookstores and the Wide Web．Superhigh scores 1ike V os Savant’s are no longer possible，because scoring is now based on a statistical population distribution among age peers，rather than simply dividing the mental age by the chronological age and multiplying by 100．Other standardized tests，such as the Scholastic Assessment Test (SA T)and the Graduate Record Exam(GRE)，capture the main aspects of IQ tests．Such standardized tests may not assess all the important elements necessary to succeed in school and in life．argues Robert J．Sternberg．In his article “How Intelligent Is Intelligence Testing?”，Sternberg notes that traditional tests best assess analytical and verbal skills but fail to measure creativity and practical knowledge，components also critical to problem solving and life success．Moreover, IQ tests do not necessarily predict so well once populations or situations change．Research has found that IQ predicted leadership skills when the tests were given underlow stress conditions，but under high stress conditions，IQ was negatively correlated with leadership—that is, it predicted the opposite．Anyone who has toiled through SA T will testify that test taking skill also matters，whether it’s knowing when to guess or what questions to skip．26．Which of the following may be required in an intelligence test?A. Answering philosophical questions．B. Folding or cutting paper into different shapes．C. Telling the differences between certain concepts．D. Choosing words or graphs similar to the given ones．27．What can be inferred about intelligence testing from Paragraph 3?A. People no longer use IQ scores as an indicator of intelligence．B. More versions of IQ tests are now available on the Internet．C. The test contents and formats for adults and children may be different．D. Scientists have defined the important elements of human intelligence．28．People nowadays can no longer achieve IQ scores as high as Vos Savant’s because____.A. the scores are obtained through different computational procedures．B. creativity rather than analytical skills is emphasized now．C. V os Savant’s case is an extreme one that will not repeat．D. the defining characteristic of IQ tests has changed．29．We can conclude from the last paragraph that____.A. test scores may not be reliable indicator s of one’s ability．B. IQ scores and SA T results are highly correlated．C. testing involves a lot of guesswork．D. traditional tests are out of date．30．What is the author’s attitude towards IQ tests?A. SupportiveB. SkepticalC. ImpartialD. BiasedT ext 3During the past generation，the American middle．class family that once could count on hard work and fair play to keep itself financially secure has been transformed by economic risk and new realities．Now a pink slip，a bad diagnosis，or a disappearing spouse can reduce a family from solidly middle class to newly poor in a few months．In just one generation，millions of mothers have gone to work，transforming basic family economics．Scholars，policymakers，and critics of all stripes have debated the social implications Of these changes．but few have looked at the side effect：family risk has risen as well．Today’s families have budgeted to the limits of their new two．paycheck status．As a result，they have lost the parachute they once had in times of financial setback-a back．up earner(usually Morn)who could go into the workforce if the primary earner got laid off or fell sick．This “added worker effect” could support the safety net offered by unemployment insurance or disability insurance to help families weather。
2007英语阅读真题翻译
2007年Text 1If you were to examine the birth certificates of every soccer player in 2006’s World Cup tournament, you would most likely find a noteworthy quirk: elite soccer players are more likely to have been born in the earlier months of the year than in the later months. If you then examined the European national youth teams that feed the World Cup and professional ranks, you would find this strange phenomenon to be even more pronounced.如果你打算调查一下2006年世界杯锦标赛上所有足球运动员的出生证明，那么你很有可能发现一个值得注意的怪现象：优秀足球运动员更可能出生于每年的前几个月而不是后几个月。
如果你再调查一下那些为世界杯和各大职业联赛提供球员的欧洲国家青年队，你会发现这一奇怪的现象更为明显。
What might account for this strange phenomenon? Here are a few guesses: a) certain astrological signs confer superior soccer skills; b) winter-born babies tend to have higher oxygen capacity, which increases soccer stamina; c) soccer-mad parents are more likely to conceive children in springtime, at the annual peak of soccer mania;d) none of the above.什么可以解释这一奇怪的现象呢？下面是一些猜测：a）某种星象学的征兆使人具备更高的足球技能；b）冬季出生的婴儿往往有较高的血氧含量，这增加了踢足球所需要的耐力；c）热爱足球的父母更可能在春季（每年足球狂热的鼎盛时期）怀孕；d）以上各项都不对。
2007考研英语真题答案
2007考研英语真题答案2007年的考研英语真题是考研英语备考中非常重要的一部分，它可以帮助考生了解考试难度和考点。
为了帮助大家更好地应对2007年的考研英语真题，以下将对该年的真题进行详细解析。
第一部分：阅读理解第一篇:原题：Text 1To make farms sustainable， Weis faces tougher problems. Current scales， which are determined by the number of livestock each operation has， are supposed to limit the amount of manure a farmer needs to handle.A better approach， says Weis， would limit the number of livestock permitted in watersheds， the area of land that drains to a particular body of water， preventing the overloading of a region by livestock waste.Question 1： The author mentions the desired outcome of setting scales in paragraph 3 to argue thatOptions：A. scale setting has failed to address a significant problemB. scales have made farms more sustainableC. scale setting can lead to excessive waste productionD. scales often limit the number of animals on a farm答案解析：本题属于信息提取题，答案位于第一段的第二句话：A better approach， says Weis， would limit the number of livestock permitted in watersheds， the area of land that drains to a particular body of water， preventing the overloading of a region by livestock waste.选项C与原文一致，表达了限制比例的方法能够防止过度的废弃物产生，因此答案选C。
2007年英语一真题翻译
2007年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题文章翻译Section I Use of English到1830 年,前西班牙和葡萄牙的殖民地变成了独立的国家。
大约2000万居民满怀信心地展望未来。
出生于旧的社会政体和伊比利亚殖民主义的危机之中，许多独立的国家领导人共享的信念包括成立民选政府、人尽其材、商业和贸易自由、拥有私有财产的权利，并且相信个人是社会的基础。
人们普遍认为新的国家应该是主权国家以及独立的国家，国家足够强大有经济实力能存活下去并且有一套共同的法律所控制。
然而，在宗教自由和教会地位的问题上，领导人之间的观点就不那么一致了。
罗马天主教一直是国教，并且是西班牙国王允许的唯一宗教。
大部分领导人要求维持天主教作为新国家的正式宗教，而另一些人却要设法结束其他信仰被排斥的局面。
保护教会成了保守势力的战斗口号。
早期的独立领导人的理想通常是平等主义，把一切事物看作是平等的。
玻利瓦尔曾接受过海地的援助并且作为回报承诺在他解放的地区废除农奴制。
到1854 年，除了西班牙残存的殖民地以外，农奴制已经被废除。
先前做出的结束印第安人进贡和停止向混合血统人征税的承诺变得越来越难以实施，因为这些国家仍然需要这些政策产生的财政收入。
因为害怕大多数人民还没准备好自治和民主，这些平等主义观点经常被缓和了。
Section II Reading ComprehensionPart AText 1如果你查一下2006 年世界杯足球赛参赛队员的出生证明，你会发现一个令人注目的奇怪现象：杰出的足球队员大多出生于一年的前几个月而不是后几个月。
如果你再仔细观察一下为世界杯和著名职业球队培养队员的欧洲国家青年队，你会发现这一现象更加突出。
是什么原因导致了这种奇怪现象的发生呢？人们有如下猜测：a) 某些星座的人被赐予优秀的足球才能；b)冬天出生的孩子吸氧能力更强，踢足球的耐力好； c)热衷于足球的夫妇更可能在春季怀孕，因为此时是足球热的高潮；d)以上观点都不对。
2007年考研英语(一)阅读 text 3 精读精讲
Unlocking the Depths of the 2007 Postgraduate Entrance Exam English (Part 1) Reading Comprehension Text 3The year 2007 marked a significant milestone for the Postgraduate Entrance Exam, as it witnessed the emergence of a challenging and thought-provoking Reading Comprehension Text 3. This text, with its profound insights and intricate language, presents a unique opportunity for candidates to demonstrate their comprehension andanalytical skills. In this article, we delve into the depths of this text, unpacking its key ideas, vocabulary, and sentence structure, while also offering insights into effective strategies for approaching such challenging reading materials.The text opens with a captivating introduction that immediately sets the tone for the entire passage. The author introduces the topic of "happiness" and its relationship to material wealth, posing a question that is both intriguing and thought-provoking: "Can money buy happiness?" This question, which has perplexed philosophers and economists for centuries, serves as the backdrop forthe entire text, guiding readers through a journey of exploration and discovery.The vocabulary used in the text is both diverse and precise, reflecting the author's mastery of the English language. Key words and phrases such as "subjective well-being," "hedonic treadmill," and "materialistic values" are introduced seamlessly into the narrative, enriching the reader's understanding of the concepts being discussed. These words, while not commonplace, are explained contextually, making them accessible to even those without a background in psychology or economics.The sentence structure throughout the text is complex yet well-constructed, reflecting the author's skill in crafting coherent and engaging prose. Long sentences, packed with information and ideas, are offset by shorter, punchier ones, creating a rhythm that keeps the reader engaged. This variety in sentence length and structure not only adds to the readability of the text but also helps to emphasize key points and ideas.The main idea of the text is that happiness is a subjective experience that cannot be fully captured ormeasured by material wealth. The author argues that while money can certainly improve one's living conditions and provide access to certain pleasures, it cannot guarantee happiness in the long run. Instead, the author suggeststhat true happiness comes from within, from a sense of purpose and fulfillment that is unrelated to material possessions.To support this argument, the author cites various studies and examples from different cultures and time periods. One particularly interesting study compares the happiness levels of lottery winners and paralyzed accident victims, revealing that while the former experienced a temporary surge in happiness due to their windfall, their levels of happiness eventually returned to pre-win levels. Conversely, the latter, despite their tragic circumstances, reported higher levels of happiness over time as they found meaning and purpose in their lives.The text concludes with a call for a shift in focus from material wealth to more intangible aspects of life such as relationships, health, and personal growth. The author argues that by prioritizing these aspects,individuals are more likely to experience true and lasting happiness.Approaching such a challenging reading comprehension text requires a strategic approach. First and foremost, candidates need to familiarize themselves with the key vocabulary and phrases used in the text. This will help them to better understand the ideas and arguments being presented. Secondly, they should focus on understanding the overall structure and flow of the text, identifying key sentences and paragraphs that summarize main ideas or support the author's arguments. Finally, they should practice extracting information from the text quickly and accurately, honing their scanning and skimming skills to identify relevant information efficiently.In conclusion, the 2007 Postgraduate Entrance Exam Reading Comprehension Text 3 is a rich and rewarding text that offers much to learn and ponder. By delving into its depths and mastering its contents, candidates can not only improve their reading comprehension skills but also gain a deeper understanding of the complex relationship between happiness and material wealth. With the right strategiesand approach, this challenging text can become a valuable tool for personal growth and intellectual development.**解锁2007年考研英语（一）阅读理解Text 3的深层次**2007年对于考研来说是一个重要的里程碑，这一年见证了考研英语阅读理解Text 3的出现，该篇文本富有挑战性且引人深思，为考生提供了展示自己理解和分析能力的独特机会。
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2007年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题解析文章中心：完型填空的命题理论规定，文章的中心思想一般体现在文章首段的首句；有时首段首句其他段落的首句共同表达文章中心思想。
因此，在选择具体题目答案前，把握文章中心对于理解文章语句，把握逻辑关系，确定语意衔接提供了足够的信息依据。
文章首段主题句叙述到By 1830 the former Spanish and Portuguese colonies had become independent nations. 到1830，前西班牙和葡萄牙殖民地解放，宣告成为独立国家。
本文的中心思想为前西班牙和葡萄牙殖民地解放以及面对的问题。
本文的中心思想为前西班牙和葡萄牙殖民地解放以及面对的问题。
本文的中心思想为前西班牙和葡萄牙殖民地解放以及面对的问题。
题目解析：By 1830 the former Spanish and Portuguese colonies had become independent nations. The roughly 20 million 1 of these nations looked 2 to the future.1．［A］natives ［B］inhabitants ［C］peoples ［D］individuals 2．［A］confusedly［B］cheerfully ［C］worriedly ［D］hopefully1. 语意辨析题本题目选择名词，在句子中充当主语。
句子叙述到The roughly 20 millionof these nations looked to the future. “这些国家大概有2000万…对未来…。
”选项A. natives 本地人；B. inhabitant居民;C. peoples 民族；D. individuals个体。
不难发现，选项A. natives 本地人，“这些国家大概有2000万本地人…”，符合句子含义；选项B. inhabitant居民，“这些国家大概有2000万居民…”，符合句子含义；选项C. peoples 民族，“这些国家大概有2000万个民族”，显然有悖于常理，不符合句子含义；选项D. individuals个体，“这些国家大概有2000万个体…”，不符合句子含义，个体一般用于区分于集体时使用。
选项A和B都可以在句子中做主语，确定该题目为语意辨析题。
前面相邻语句（或文章中心思想）叙述到“By 1830 the former Spanish and Portuguese colonies had become independent nations. 到1830，前西班牙和葡萄牙殖民地解放，宣告成为独立国家。
”本句解释了这些居住在摆脱殖民地地位而独立的国家的人们对于未来的态度。
因此，正确答案为B。
2. 语意辨析题本题目选择副词，在句子中做状语。
句子叙述到Theroughly 20 million inhabitants of these nations looked to the future. “这些国家大概有2000万居民对未来…。
” 选项A. confusedly困惑地；B. cheerfully 高兴的；C. worried 担心的；D. hopefully 充满期待地。
不难发现，选项A. confusedly困惑地，“这些国家大概有2000万居民对未来感到困惑”，符合句子含义；选项B. cheerfully 高兴的，“这些国家大概有2000万居民对未来感到高兴”，符合句子含义；选项C. worried 担心的，“这些国家大概有2000万居民对未来感到担心”，符合句子含义；选项D. hopefully 充满期待地，“这些国家大概有2000万居民对未来充满期待”，符合句子含义。
四个选项似乎在单个句子中都合理通顺，确定该题目为语意辨析题。
前面相邻语句（或文章中心思想）叙述到“By 1830 the former Spanish and Portuguese colonies had become independent nations. 到1830，前西班牙和葡萄牙殖民地解放，宣告成为独立国家。
”本句解释了这些居住在摆脱殖民地地位而独立的国家的人们对于未来的态度。
既然独立，当让是充满希望的。
因此正确答案D。
Born in the crisis of the old regime and Iberian Colonialism, many of the leaders of independence 3 the ideas of representative government, careers 4 to talent, freedom of commerce and trade,the 5 to private property, and a belief in the individual as the basis of society.3．［A］shared ［B］forgot ［C］attained ［D］rejected4．［A］related ［B］close ［C］open ［D］devoted5．［A］access ［B］succession ［C］right ［D］return3. 词汇辨析题本句子选择动词，在句子中充当谓语动词。
句子叙述到many of the leaders of independence the ideas of representative government “许多独立国家的领导人都…议会政府。
”选项A. shared 共有；B. forgot 忘记；C. attained 获得；D. rejected 拒绝.。
不难发现，文章中心思想叙述到“By 1830 the former Spanish and Portuguese colonies had become independent nations. 到1830，前西班牙和葡萄牙殖民地解放，宣告成为独立国家。
”既然是独立的国家，那么新的国家领导人们应该推崇一种公平的政治举措。
对于，当时比较先进而且民主的“议会制度”当然应该是全力支持的。
选项A. shared 共有，“许多独立国家的领导人都认同议会政府”，符合句子含义；选项B. forgot 忘记，“许多独立国家的领导人都忘记了议会政府”，不符合句子含义；选项C. attained 获得，“许多独立国家的领导人都获得了议会政府”，不符合句子含义，“at tain 获得”一般是通过长期努力而获得什么物品，实现什么目标，不能表达为“获得议会政府”；选项D. rejected 拒绝，“许多独立国家的领导人都拒绝了议会政府”，不符合文章中心“国家独立”。
因此，正确答案为A，许多独立国家领导人都认同议会政府。
4. 词汇辨析题本题目选择形容词，在句子中体现前、后名词之间的关系。
句子叙述many of the leaders of independence shared the ideas of representative government, careers ____to talent, freedom of commerce and trade,… “许多独立国家领导人都认同议会政府，职业…于人才，商业和贸易自由…。
”显然，短语“careers ____to talent”、短语“freedom of commerce and trade”等都是与“认同议会政府”相并列的独立国家领导人们新政的民主政策。
应该充分体现独立和民主。
选项A. related 相关的；B. close 接近的；C. open 开着的；D. devoted 投入的.不难发现，选项A. related 相关的，“职业相关于人才”，不符合句子含义；选项B. close 接近的，“职业接近于人才”，不符合句子含义；选项C. open 开着的，“职业对于人才开放”，符合文章中心同时也符合句子含义；选项D. devoted 投入的，“职业投入于人才”，这种表达错误，应该是“人才投入与工作”才是正确的语句表达。
职业对人才开放才符合文章“独立”这一中心。
因此，正确答案为C。
5. 词汇辨析题本题目选择名词，在句子中体现句子内容的连贯性。
句子叙述到many of the leaders of independence shared the ideas of representative government, careers open to talent, freedom of commerce and trade, the___ to private property, and a belief in the individual as the basis of society. “许多独立国家的领导人都认同议会政府，认为职业应该向人才开放，认可商业贸易自由，认可私有财产的…，认为个人是社会的基础。
选项A. access to 接近；B. succession to 继承；C. right to …的权利；D. return to 返回。
不难发现，从前面的“议会制政府”，“向人才开放的职业”，“商业和贸易自由”可以看出这里提到的是推动国家进步和发展，充分调动人们积极性的另一个理念“人们对私有财产的所有权”，故此处选择right。
因此，正确答案为C。
6 there was a belief that the new nations should be sovereign and independent states, large enough to be economically viable and integrated by a7 set of 1aws.6．［A］Presumably［B］Incidentally［C］Obviously ［D］Generally7．［A］unique ［B］common ［C］particular ［D］typical6. 逻辑关系题本题目选择副词，体现前、后两个句子之间的逻辑关系。
句子叙述到 there was a belief that the new nations should be sovereign and independent states, “有一种…的信念，新独立的国家应该是自治并且独立的国家。
” 选择逻辑关系词，相关联的两个句子提供信息决定答案。
选项A. Presumably 大概的；B. Incidentally 偶然的；C. Obviously 显然的；D. Generally 普遍的。