2015英语真题
Section Ⅰ Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
Directions：Read the following text。Choose the best word（s）for each numbered blank and markA,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.（10 points）
In our contemporary culture, the prospect of communicating with -- or even looking at -- a stranger is virtually unbearable. Everyone around us seems to agree by the way they fiddle with their phones, even without a 1 underground.
It's a sad reality -- our desire to avoid interacting with other human beings -- because there's 2 to be gained from talking to the stranger standing by you. But you wouldn't know it, 3 into your phone. This universal armor sends the 4 : "Please don't approach me."
What is it that makes us feel we need to hide 5 our screens? One answer is fear, according to Jon Wortmann, executive mental coach. We fear rejection, or that our innocent social advances will be 6 as "creepy,". We fear we'll be 7 . We fear we'll be disruptive. Strangers are inherently 8 to us, so we are more likely to feel 9 when communicating with them compared with our friends and acquaintances. To avoid this anxiety, we 10 to our phones. "Phones become our security blanket," Wortmann says. "They are our happy glasses that protect us from what we perceive is going to be more 11 ."
But once we rip off the bandaid, tuck our smartphones in our pockets and look up, it doesn't 12 so bad. In one 2011 experiment, behavioral scientists Nicholas Epley and Juliana Schroeder asked commuters to do the unthinkable: Start a13. The duo had Chicago train commuters talk to their fellow 14. "When Dr. Epley and Ms. Schroeder asked other people in the same train station to 15 how they would feel after talking to a stranger, the commuters thought their 16 would be more pleasant if they sat on their own," the New York Times summarizes. Though the participants didn't expect a positive experience, after they 17 with the experiment, "not a single person reported having been snubbed."
18, these commutes were reportedly more enjoyable compared with those sans communication, which makes absolute sense, 19 human beings thrive off of social connections. It's that 20: Talking to strangers can make you feel connected.
1.[A] ticket [B] permit [C] signal [D] record 2.[A] nothing [B] little [C] another [D] much 3.[A] beaten [B] guided [C] plugged [D] brought 4.[A] message [B] code [C] notice [D] sign 5.[A] under [B] beyond [C] behind [D] from 6.[A] misapplied [B] mismatched [C] misadjusted [D] misinterpreted 7.[A] replaced [B] fired [C] judged [D] delayed 8.[A] unreasonable [B] ungrateful [C] unconventional [D] unfamiliar 9.[A] comfortable [B] confident [C] anxious [D] angry 10.[A] attend [B] point [C] take [D] turn 11.[A] dangerous [B] mysterious [C] violent [D] boring 12.[A] hurt [B] resist [C] bend [D] decay 13.[A] lecture [B] conversation [C] debate [D] negotiation 14.[A] passengers [B] employees [C] researchers [D] trainees 15.[A] reveal [B] choose [C] predict [D] design 16.[A] voyage [B] ride [C] walk [D] flight 17.[A] went through [B] did away [C] caught up [D] put up 18.[A] in turn [B] in fact [C] in particular [D] in consequence 19.[A] unless [B] since [C] if [D] whereas
20.[A] funny [B] logical [C] simple [D] rare
正确选项： 1-5 CDCAC 6-10 DCDCD 11-15 AABAC 16-20 BABBC 真题解析： 1. C [A] ticket 票 [B] permit 允许，许可 [C] signal信号，标志 [D] record记录，记载
解析：名词辨析。根据上句话含义，“我们周围的每个人似乎都打开他们的手机，甚至没有__出现的时候“。与手机相关的最合适的选项应为C信号的意思。因此C为正确选项。
2. D [A] nothing 没有什么 [B] little 一点 [C] another另外一个 [D] much许多 解析：名词辨析。在这句话中because there's ____to be gained，缺少的是gained 的宾语。所以我们much 代替这个宾语。因此D为正确选项。
3. C [A] beaten被击败的，打败的 [B] guided有指导的 [C] plugged 塞紧的 [D] brought带来，拿来 解析：动宾搭配。C选项plugged 与into搭配，译为“塞进”，符合原文语境。因此C为正确选项。 4. A [A] message消息，信息 [B] code密码，法则 [C] notice注意 [D] sign符号，签名
解析：动宾搭配。send the messages 译为“传递消息”符合原文语义。因此A为正确选项。 5. C [A] under在……下面 [B] beyond超出 [C] behind 在……后面 [D] from来自 解析：动词与介词搭配。本题中，空格处所需一个介词，和前面的hide搭配。因此，hide behind 翻译成“隐藏在__的后面”，搭配最为合理。因此C为正确选项。
6.D [A]misapplied 被误用的 [B]mismatched 不相配的，不势均力敌的 [C]misadjusted 失调的 [D]misinterpreted误解
解析：上下文语义+词义辨析 在本题中，空格处需要填一个动词的被动语态，同时要搭配后面的“as creepy”(被___当做怪异的)。因此，结合四个单词的含义，D选项“被误解成为行为怪异的”更符合原文语义要求。因此D为正确选项。
7. C [A]replaced被替换的 [B]fired被开除的 [C]judged裁定的，评判的 [D]delayed延时的，拖延的
解析：上下文语义+词义辨析 本句中，考查我们 “fear” 的事情是被____. 结合上下文语义以及选项含义，我们可以直接排除掉B和D,这两项与“坐地铁”无关。符合原文含义的是D，我们害怕被“评判”。因此C为正确选项。
00015英语二2015年10月真题+解析+作文
2015年10月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英语（二）试卷 （课程代码00015）第一部分：阅读判断傑1〜10题，每题1分，共10分）下面的短文后列出了 10个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断：如果该旬提 供的是正确信息，选择A ；如果该句提供的是错误信息，选择8；如果该旬的信息文中没有 提及，选择C 。
在答题卡相应位置上将答案选项涂黑。
Black FridayEveryone likes to shop for gifts for the holiday season, but few people know the history of holiday shopping. While people have heard of Black Friday; most do not know its origins. Black Friday is the day after Thanksgiving （感恩节）.0n this day most retail stores open their doors very early — some as early as 4 am. In addition, they provide their customers with great discounts on products. With this in mind, it is clear to see why so many shoppers buy many of their Christmas gifts on Black Friday.Black Friday is not as old as many people think. In fact it is believed that the first Black. Friday was held in the 1970s in the USA. It was a day when stores decided to mark the start of the holiday season. In order to draw more customers, they offered great discounts. All products sold very well. This large success resulted in the name Black Friday, it was so named because the stores were 〃in the black”. This financial term means the stores made a lot of money. However it was not until around 2002 that Black Friday really started to gain in popularity. Today in the USA. countless advertisers proudly announce their Black Friday sales. They hope to attract shoppers into their stores.Black Friday is a day when many shoppers in the USA go out and buy gifts, even though Christmas Eve is still a more popular day to shop. Thanks to the Internet, it is now possible to get some excellent Black Friday deals online. So if you don ，t want to get 丈。
2015新课标英语高考真题及答案(校对版)
2015年高考真题及答案—英语（新课标I卷）试题类型：A 2015年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(新课标I)英语注意事项：1. 本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。
2. 答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在本试卷相应的位置。
3. 全部答案在答题卡上完成，答在本试卷上无效。
4. 第Ⅰ卷听力部分满分30分，不计入总分，考试成绩录取时提供给高校作参考。
5. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第Ⅰ卷第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上，录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题。
从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the shirt?A.£ 19.15B.£ 9.18C.£ 9.15答案是C。
1. What time is it now?A.9:10B.9:50C.10:002. What does the woman think of the weather?A. It’s nice.B. It’s warmC. It’s cold3. What will the man do?A. Attend a meeting.B. Give a lectureC. Leave his office.4. What is the woman’s opinion about the course?A. Too hard.B. Worth taking.C. Very easy.5. What does the woman want the man to do?A. Speak louder.B. Apologize to her.C. Turn off the radio.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。
2015年考研英语二真题与答案(完整版)
2015 年考研英语二真题及答案（完整版）Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A,B,Cor D on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)In our contemporary culture, the prospect of communicating with - or even looking at - astranger is virtually unbearable. Everyone around us seems to agree by the way they cling to theirphones, even without a 1 on a subway.It ‘s a sad rea-l i t o yur desire to avoid interacting with other human beings-because there ‘s 2to be gained from talking to the stranger standing by you. But you wouldn ‘t know it, 3 in phone. This universal protection sends the 4 : ―Please don ‘t approach me. ‖What is it that makes us feel we need to hid 5 our screens?One answer is fear, according to Jon Wortmann, an executive mental coach. We fearrejection, or that our innocent social advances will be 6 as ―weird. ‖We fear we ‘ll we‘ll be disruptive.Strangers are inherently 8 to us, so we are more likely to feel 9 when communicating withthem compared with our friends and acquaintances. To avoid this uneasiness, we 10 to turn ourphones. ―Phones become our security blanket, ‖Wortmann says. ―They are o u t r happy glasse protect us from what we perceive is going to be more 11 . ‖But once we rip off the band-aid, tuck our smartphones in our pockets and look up, it doesn12 so bad. In one 2011 experiment, behavioral scientists Nicholas Epley and JulianaSchroeder asked ocmmuters todo the unthinkable: ―Start a 13 . They had Chicago train commuterstalk to their fellow 14 . When Dr. Epley and Ms. Schroeder asked other people in the same trainstation to 15 how the would feel after talking to a stranger, the commuters thought their 16 wouldbe more pleasant if they sat on thier own, ‖The New York Times summarizes. Though the participants didn ‘t expect a positive experience, after they 17 with the experiment,person reported having been embarrassed. ‖18 these commutes were reportedly more enjoyable compared with those withoutcommunication, which makes absolute sense, 19 human beings thrive off of social connections.It's that 20 : Talking to strangers can make you feel connected.1.[A]ticket [B]permit [C]signal [D]record2.[A]nothing [B]little [C]another [D]much3.[A]beaten [B]guided [C]plugged [D]brought4.[A]message [B]code [C]notice [D]sign5.[A]under [B]beyond [C]behind [D]from6.[A]misinterpreted [B]misapplied [C]misadjusted [D]mismatched7.[A]fired [B]judged [C]replaced [D]delayed8.[A]unreasonable [B]ungrateful [C]unconventional [D]unfamiliar9.[A]comfortable [B] anxious [C] confident [D]angry10.[A]attend [B]point [C]take [D]turn11.[A]dangerous [B] mysterious [C]violent [D]boring12.[A]hurt [B] resist [C]bend [D]decay13.[A]lecture [B]conversation [C]debate [D]negotiation14.[A]trainees [B]employees [C]researchers [D]passengers15.[A]reveal [B]choose [C]predict [D]design16.[A]voyage [B]flight [C]walk [D]ride17.[A]went through [B]did away [C]caught up [D]put up18.[A]In turn [B]In particular [C]In fact [D]In consequence19. [A]unless [B]since [C]if [D]whereas20. [A]funny [B]simple [C]logical [D]rareSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C,or D.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)Text 1A new study suggests that contrary to most survey，s people are actually more stressed athome than at work. Researchers measured people ‘s cortisol, w e s h s i c m h a i s r k a e s r,t r w h i l e theywere at were work and while they were at home and found it higher at what is supposed to be aplace of refuge.―Further contradicting conventional wisdom, we found that women as well as men havelower levels of stress at work than athome.‖Write one of the researchers, Sarah Damaske.In factwomen even say they feel better at work, she notes, ―It is men, not women, who report being happier at home than at work. ‖Another surprise is that the findings hold true for both those with children and without, but more so for nonparents. This is why people who work outside the homehave better health.What the study doesn ‘t measure is whether people are still doing work when they ‘whether it is household work or work brought home from the office. For many men, the end of theworkday is a time to kick back. For women who say home, they never get to leave the office. Andfor women who work outside the home, they often are playing catch—up—with—household tasks.With the blurring of roles, and the fact that the home front lags well behind the workplace inmaking adjustments for working women, it ‘s not surprising that women are more stressed at home.But it ‘s not just a gender thing. At work, people pretty much know what they ‘re s be doing：working, making money, doing the tasks they have to do in order to draw an income.The bargain is very pure; Employee puts in hours of physical or mental labor and employee drawsout life—sustaining moola.On the home front, however, people have no such clarity. Rare is the household in which thedivision of labor is so clinically and methodically laid out. There are a lot of tasks to be done,thereare inadequate rewards for most of them. Your home colleague—s y our family—have no clearrewards for most of them. Your home colleague—s your family—have no clear rewards for theirlabor; they need to be talked into it, or if they ‘re teenagers, threatened with complete rem all electronic devices. Plus, they ‘re your family. You cannot f i r.e Y y o o u u n r e f a v m e r i l y r e a l y getto go home from home.So it ‘s not surprising that people are more stressed at home. Not only are the tasks apparently infinite, the co—workers are much harder to motivate.21.According to Paragraph 1，most previous surveys found that home .[A]was an unrealistic place for relaxation[B]generated more stress than the workplace[C]was an ideal place for stress measurement[D]offered greater relaxation than the workplace22.According to Damaske，who are likely to be the happiest at home?[A]Working mothers[B]Childless husbands[C]Childless wives[D]Working fathers23.The blurring of working women ‘s roles refers to the fact that .[A]they are both bread winners and housewives[B]their home is also a place for kicking back[C]there is often much housework left behind[D]it is difficult for them to leave their office24.The word ―moola‖(T，i n e P a4r a4)most probably means .[A]energy[B]skills[C]earnings[D]nutrition25.The home front differs from the workplace in that .[A]home is hardly a cozier working environment[B]division of labor at home is seldom clear-cut[C]household tasks are generally more motivating[D]family labor is often adequately rewardedText 2For years, studies have found that first-generation college studen–t t hose who do not have aparent with a college degree–lag other students on a range of education achievement factors.Their grades are lower than and their dropout rates are higher. But since such students are mostlikely to advance economically if they succeed in higher education, colleges and universities havepushed for decades to recruit more of them. This has created ―a paradox ‖ in that recruitin first-generation student, but then watching many of them fail, means that higher education has―continued to reproduce and widen, rather than close. ‖ An achievement gap based on social according to the depressing beginning of a paper forthcoming in the journal PsychologicalScience.But the article is actually quite optimistic, as it outlines a potential solution to this problem,suggesting that an approach (which involves a one-hour, next-to-no-cost program) can close 63percent of the achievement gap (measured by such factors as grades) between first-generation andother students.The authors of the paper are from different universities, and their findings are based on astudy involving 147 students (who completed the project) at an unnamed private university. Firstgeneration was defined as not having parent with four-year college degree. Most of thefirst-generation students (59.1 percent) were recipients of Pell Grants, a federal grant ofundergraduates with financial need, while this was true only for 8.6 percent of the students with atleast one parent with four-year degree.Their thesis–that a relatively modest intervention could have a big impact–was based onthe view that first-generation students may be most lacking not in potential but in practicalknowledge about how to deal with the issues that face most college students. They cite pastresearch by several authors to show that this is the gap that must be narrowed to close theachievement gap.Many first- generation students ―struggled to navigate t h e-c m l a i s d s d c l e u l t u r e of highereducation, learn the ?rules of the game, ‘ and take a d v a n r e t a s g o e u r o c f e c s o,lle‖gethey write. Andthis becomes more of a problem when colleges don ‘t talk about the class advantages and disadvantages of different groups of students. Because US colleges and universities seldomacknowledge how social class can affect studentseducational ‘e xperiences, many first-generationstudents lack of sight about why they are struggling and do not understand students ?like themcan improve. ‖26. Recruiting more first-generation students has .[A]. reduced their dropout rates[B]. narrowed the achievement gap[C]. missed its original purpose[D]. depressed college students27. The author of the research article are optimistic because .[A]. the problem is solvable[B]. their approach is costless[C]. the recruiting rate has increased[D]. their findings appeal to students28. The study suggests that most first-generation students .[A]. study at private universities[B]. are from single-parent families[C]. are in need of financial support[D]. have failed their college29. The author of the paper believe that first-generation students .[A]. are actually indifferent to the achievement gap[B]. can have a potential influence on other projects[C]. may lack opportunities to apply research projects[D]. are inexperienced in handling their issues at college30. We may infer from the last paragraph that .[A]. universities often reject the culture of their middle-class[B]. students are usually to blame for their lack of resources[C]. social class greatly helps enrich educational experiences.[D].colleges are partly responsible for the problem in questionText 3Even in traditional offices, ―the lingua franca of corporate America has gotten much more emotional and much more right-brained than it was 20 years ago, ‖said H n a e r s v s a r S d c B h u o s o i lprofessor Nancy Koehn. She started spinning off examples. ―If you and I parachuted back to Fortune 500 companies in 1990, we would see much less frequent use of terms like journey,mission, passion. There were goals, there were strategies, t h e e w r ere objectives, but we didn ‘t talk about energy; we didn ‘t talk about passion. ‖Koehn pointed out that this new era of corporate vocabulary is very -oriented—and―team‖not by coincidence. ―Let ‘s not f o r g e i t n s mp o a r l e t s-d o m i n—ated corporate America, its still a‘b igdeal. It ‘s not explicitly conscious; it ‘s the idea that I ‘m a coach, and you ‘re my this together. There are lots and lots of CEOs in very different companies, but most think ofthemselves as coaches and this is their t e a mnda t hey want to win. ‖These terms are also intended to infuse work with meanin—g and, as Khurana points out,increase allegiance to the firm. ―You have the importation of terminology that historically used to be associated with non-profit organizations and religious organizations: Terms like vision, values,passion, and purpose, ‖said Khurana.This new focus on personal fulfillment can help keep employees motivated amid increasinglyloud debates over work-life balance. The ―mommy wars‖of the 1990s g a o r i n e g s t o i l n l today,prompting arguments about why women still can ‘t have it all and books like Sheryl SandbergLean In, whose title has become a buzzword in its own right. Terms like unplug, offline, life-hack,bandwidth, and capacity are all about setting boundaries between the office and the home. But ifyour work is your ―passion, ‖you ‘ll be more likely to devote yourself to it, even if that meansgoing home for dinner and then working long after the kids are in bed.But this seems to be the irony of office speak: Everyone makes fun of it, but managers love it, companies depend on it, and regular people willingly absorb it. As Nunberg said, ―Yo people to think it ‘s nonsense at the same time that you buy into it. ‖In a workplace tha fundamentally indifferent to your life and its meaning, office speak can help you figure out howyou relate to your work—and how your work defines who you are.31. According to Nancy Koehn ,office languages become_____.[A] more emotional[B] more objective[C] less energetic[D] less strategic32. ‖Team-‖oriented corporate vocabulary is closely related to_____.[A] historical incidents[B] gender difference[C] sports culture[D] athletic executives33.Khurana believes that the importation of terminology aims to_____.[A] revive historical terms[B] promote company image[C] forster corporate cooperation[D] strengthen employee loyalty34.It can be inferred that Lean In_____.[A]voices for working women[B] appeals to passionate workaholics[C] triggers debates among mommies[D] praises motivated employees35.Which of the following statements is ture about office speak?[A]Managers admire it but avoid it.[B] Linguists believe it to be nonsense.[C]Companies find it to be fundamental.[D] Regular people mock it but accept it.Text 4Many people talked of the 288,000 new jobs the Labor Department reported for June, alongwith the drop in the unemployment rate to 6.1percent, as good news. And they were right. For nowit appears the economy is creating jobs at a decent pace. We still have a long way to go to get backto full employment, but at least we are now finally moving forward at a faster pace.However, there is another important part of the jobs picture that was largely overlooked.There was a big jump in the number of people who report voluntarily working part-time. Thisfigure is now 830,000 (4.4 percent) above its year ago level.Before explaining the connection to the Obamacare, it is worth making an important distinction. Many people who work part-time work because this is all they can get. An increase in involuntary part-time work is evidence of weakness in the labor market and it means that manypeople will be having a very hard time making ends meet.There was an increase in involuntary part-time in June, but the general direction has been down. Involuntary part-time employment is still far higher than before the recession, but it is downby 640,000(7.9percent) from is its year level.We know the difference between voluntary and involuntary part-time employment because people tell us. The survey used by the Labor Department asks people if they worked less than 35hours in the reference week. If the answer is ―yes, ‖they are c l a s s-i f t e m d e a.s T h w e o r k i n g part survey then asks whether they worked less than 35 hours in that week because they wanted towork less than full time or because they had no choice. They are only classified as voluntarypart-time workers if they tell the survey taker they chose to work less than 35 hours a week.The issue of voluntary part-time relates to Obamacare because one of the main purpose wasto allow people to get insurance outside of employment. For many people, especially those withserious health conditions or family members with serious health conditions, before Obamacare theonly way to get insurance was through a job that provided health insurance.However, Obamacare has allowed more than 12 million people to either get insurancethrough Medicaid or the exchanges. These are people who may previously have felt the need toget a full-time job that provided insurance in order to cover themselves and their families. With Obamacare there is no longer a link between employment and insurance.36.Which part of the jobs picture was neglected?[A] The prospect of a thriving job market.[B] The increase of voluntary part-time jobs.[C] The possibility of full employment.[D] The acceleration of job creation.37.Many people work part-time because they_____.[A] prefer part-time jobs to full-time jobs.[B] feel that is enough to make ends meet.[C] cannot get their hands on full-time jobs.[D] haven ‘t seen the weakness of the market.38.Involuntary part-time employment in the US____.[A] is harder to acquire than one year ago.[B] shows a general tendency of decline.[C] satisfies the real need of the jobless.[D] is lower than befor the recession.39.It can be learned that with Obamacare,_____.[A] it is no longer easy for part-times to get insurance.[B] employment is no longer a precondition to get insurance.[C] it is still challenging to get insurance for family members.[D] full-time employment is still essential for insurance.40.The text mainly discusses_____.[A] employment in the US.[B] part-timer clssification.[C] insurance through Medicaid.[D] Obamacare ‘s trouble.PART BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each paragraph (41-45). There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A]You are not alone[B]Don ‘t fear responsibility for your life[C]Pave your own unique path[D] Most of your fears are unreal[E] Think about the present moment[F]Experience helps you grow[G]There are many things to be grateful forSome Old Truths to Help You Overcome Tough TimesUnfortunately, life is not a bed of roses. We are going through life facing sad experiences. Moreover, we are grieving various kinds of loss: a friendship, a romantic relationship or a house. Hard times may hold you down at what usually seems like the most inopportune time, but you should remember that they won't last forever.When our time of mourning is over, we press forward, stronger with a greater understanding and respect for life. Furthermore, these losses make us mature and eventually move us toward future opportunities for growth and happiness. I want to share these old truths I've learned along the way.41.__________________Fear is both useful and harmful. This normal human reaction is used to protect us by signaling danger and preparing us to deal with it. Unfortunately, people create inner barriers with ahelp of exaggerating fears. My favorite actor Will Smith once said, ―Fear is not real. It is of thoughts you create. Do not misunderstand me. Danger is v r y e r eal. But fear is a choice. ‖I do completely agree that fears are just the product of own luxuriant imagination.42.__________________If you are surrounded by problems and cannot stop thinking about past, try to focus on thepresent moment. Many of us are weighed down by the past or anxious about the future. You mayfeel guilt over your past, but you are poisoning the present with the things and circumstances youcannot change. Value the present moment and remember how fortunate you are to be alive. Enjoythe beauty of the world around and keep the eyes open to see the possibilities before you.Happiness is not point of future and not a moment from the past, but a mindset thancan bedesigned in to the present.43.__________________Sometimes it is easy to feel bad because you are going to through tough times. You can beeasily caught up by life problems that you forget to pause and appreciate the things you have.Only strong people prefer to smile and value their life instead of crying and complaining aboutsomething.44.__________________No matter how isolated you might feel and how serious the situation is, you should alwaysremember that you are not alone. Try to keep in mind that almost everyone respects and wants tohelp you if you are trying to make a good change in your life, especially your dearest and nearestpeople. You may have a circle of friends or relatives, try to participate in several onlinecommunities, full of people who are always willing to share advice and encouragement.45.__________________Today many people find it difficult to trust their own opinion and seek balance by gainingobjectivity from external sources. This way you devalue your opinion and show that you areincapable of managing your own life. When you are struggling to achieve something importantyou should believe in yourself and be sure that your decision is the best. You live in your skin,think your own thoughts, have your own values and make your own choices.Section III Translation46. DirectionsTranslate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.(15 points)Think about driving a route that ‘s very familiar. It could be your comminutes to work, a tripinto town or the way home. Whichever it is, you know every twist step turn like the back of yourhand. On these steps of trips it ‘s easy to lose concentration is that you perceive that the trip has taken less time than it actually has.This is the well-travelled road effect. People tend to underestimate the time it takes to travel afamiliar route.The effect is caused by the way we allocate our attention. When we travel down awell- k nown route, because we don ‘t have to concentrate much, time seems to flow more quickly. And afterward, when we come to think back on it, we can‘t remember the journey well becausewe didn ‘t pay much attention to it. So we assume it was shorter.Section IV WritingPart A47. DirectionsSuppose your university is going to host a summer camp for high school students. Write a note to1) briefly introduce the camp activities, and2) call for volunteersYou should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your name or the name of your university.Do not write your address. (10 points)Part B48. Directions:Write an essay based on the following chart. In your writing, you should1) interpret the chart, and2) give your commentsYou should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET.(15 points)-------------------- 【参考答案】--------------------Section I Use of English1. [C]signal2. [D]much3. [C]plugged4. [A]message5. [C]behind6. [A]misinterpreted7. [B]judged8. [D]unfamiliar9. [B] anxious10. [D]turn11. [A]dangerous12. [A]hurt13. [B]conversation14. [D]passengers15. [C]predict16. [D]ride17. [A]went through18. [C]In fact19. [B]since20. [B]simpleSection II Reading ComprehensionPart A21. [D]offered greater relaxation than the workplace22. [B]Childless husbands23. [A]they are both bread winners and housewives24. [C]earnings25. [B]division of labor at home is seldom clear-cut26. [C] missed its original purpose27. [A] the problem is solvable28. [C] are in need of financial support29. [D] are inexperienced in handling their issues at college30. [D]colleges are partly responsible for the problem in question31. [A] more emotional32. [C] sports culture33. [D] strengthen employee loyalty34. [A]voices for working women35. [D] Regular people mock it but accept it.36. [B] The increase of voluntary part-time jobs.37. [C] cannot get their hands on full-time jobs.38. [B] shows a general tendency of decline.39. [B] employment is no longer a precondition to get insurance.40. [A] employment in the US.Part B41. [D] Most of your fears are unreal42. [E] Think about the present moment43. [G] There are many things to be grateful for44. [A] You are not alone45. [C] Pave your own unique pathSection III Translation46.设想一下，你正开车行驶在一条非常熟悉的路线上。
2015年6月大学英语三级A真题及答案
2015年6月大学英语三级A真题及答案(总分：100.00，做题时间：120分钟)一、{{B}}Part Ⅰ Listening Comprehensionm{{/B}}(总题数：1，分数：5.00)（分数：5.00）A.Buy a less expensive car.B.Make a price comparison.C.Borrow money from the bank. √D.Wait until the price goes down.解析：听力原文：W: I love the car, but I'm afraid I can't afford it. M: If you really like it, you can borrow money from the bank. Q: What does the man advise the woman to do? 解析：事实细节题。
本题询问男士建议女士做什么。
从男士的话“你可以从银行借钱”，可知本题应选择与对话原文完全一致的C项Borrow money from the bank(从银行借钱)。
A.No job is suitable for her.B.They can't offer any position. √C.She can't meet its requirements.D.Her English is not good enough.解析：听力原文：M: Have you got a job with the company? W: No, no position is available now. Q: Why can't the woman get a job with the company? 解析：细节推断题。
本题询问女士没有找到工作的原因。
对男士的提问，女士先给了否定回答，接着说：“现在没有职位(no position is available now)。
2015高考英语真题试卷全国二卷(含答案和解析)
2015年全国统一高考英语试卷（新课标Ⅱ）第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题：每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
AMy color television has given me nothing but a headache.I was able to buy it a little over a year ago because I had my relatives give me money for my birthday instead of a lot of clothes that wouldn’t fit.I let a salesclerk fool me into buying a discontinued model.I realized this a day late,when I saw newspaper advertisements for the set at seventy-five dollars less than I had paid.The set worked so beautifully when I first got it home that I would keep it on until stations signed off for the night.Fortunately,I didn’t got any channels showing all-night movies or I would never have gotten to bed.Then I started developing a problem with the set that involved static(静电)noise.For some reason, when certain shows switched into a commercial,a loud noise would sound for a few seconds.Gradually,this noise began to appear during a show,and to get rid of it,I had to change to another channel and then change it back.Sometimes this technique would not work,and I had to pick up the set and shake it to remove the sound.I actually began to build up my arm muscles(肌肉)shaking my set.When neither of these methods removed the static noise,I would sit helplessly and wait for the noise to go away.At last I ended up hitting the set with my fist,and it stopped working altogether.My trip to the repair shop cost me$62,and the set is working well now,but I keep expecting more trouble.21.Why did the author say he was fooled into buying the TV set?A.He got an older model than he had expected.B.He couldn’t return it when it was broken.C.He could have bought it at a lower price.D.He failed to find any movie shows on it.22.Which of the following can best replace the phrase“signed off”in Paragraph1?A.ended all their programs.B.provided fewer channels.C.changed to commercials.D.showed all-night movies.23.How did the author finally get his TV set working again?A.By shaking and hitting it.B.By turning it on and off.C.By switching channels.D.By having it repaired.24.How does the another sound when telling the story?A.CuriousB.AnxiousC.CautiousD.HumorousBYour house may have an effect on your figure.Experts say the way you design your home could play a role in whether you pack on the pounds or keep them off.You can make your environment work for you instead of against you.Here are some ways to turn your home into part of diet plan.Open the curtains and turn up the lights.Dark environments are more likely to encourage overeating,for people are often less self-conscious（难为情）when they’re in poorly lit places-and so more likely to eat lots of food.If your home doesn’t have enough window light,get more lamps and flood the place with brightness.Mind the colors.Research suggests warm colors fuel our appetites.In one study,people who ate meals in a blue room consumed33percent less than those in a yellow or red room.Warm colors like yellow make food appear more appetizing,while cold colors make us feel less hungry.So when it’s time to repaint,go blue.Don’t forget the clock—or the radio.People who eat slowly tend to consume about70fewer calories（卡路里）per meal than those who rush through their meals.Begin keeping track of the time,and try to make dinner last at least30minutes,And while you’re at it,actually sit down to eat.If you need some help slowing down,turn on relaxing music.It makes you less likely to rush through a meal.Downsize the dishes,Big serving bowls and plates can easily make us fat.We eat about22percent more when using a12-inch plate instead of a10-inch plate.When we choose a large spoon over a smaller one,total intake（摄入）jumps by14percent.And we’ll pour about30percent more liquid into a short,wide glass than a tall,skinny glass.25.The text is especially helpful for those who care about_______.A.their home comfortsB.their body shapeC.house buyingD.healthy diets26.A home environment in blue can help people_________.A.digest food betterB.reduce food intakeC.burn more caloriesD.regain their appetites27.What are people advised to do at mealtimes?第1页（共7页）A.Eat quickly.B.Play fast music.e smaller spoons.D.Turn down the lights.28.What can be a suitable title for the test?A.Is Your House Making You Fat?B.Ways of Serving DinnerC.Effects of Self-ConsciousnessD.Is Your Home Environment Relaxing?CMore student than ever before are taking a gap-year(间隔年)before going to university.It used to be called the“year off”between school and university.The gap-year phenomenon originated(起源)with the months left over to Oxbridge applicants between entrance exams in November and the start of the next academic year.This year,25,310students who have accepted places in higher education institutions have put off their entry until next year,according to statistics on university entrance provided by University and College Admissions Service(UCAS).That is a record14.7%increase in the number of students taking a gap year.Tony Higgins from UCAS said that the statistics are good news for everyone in higher education.“Students who take a well-planned year out are more likely to be satisfied with,and complete,their chosen course.Students who take a gap year are often more mature and responsible,”he said.But not everyone is happy.Owain James,the president of the National Union of Students(NUS),argued that the increase is evidence of student had ship—young people are being forced into earning money before finishing their education.“New students are now aware that they are likely to leave university up to ￡15,000in debt.It is not surprising that more and more students are taking a gap year to earn money to support their study for the degree.NUS statistics show that over40%of students are forced to work during term time and the figure increases to90%during vacation periods,”he said.29.What do we learn about the gap year from the text?A.It is flexible in length.B.It is a time for relaxation.C.It is increasingly popular.D.It is required by universities.30.According to Tony Higgins,students taking a gap year______.A.are better prepared for college studiesB.know a lot more about their future jobsC.are more likely to leave university in debtD.have a better chance to enter top universities31.How does Owain James feel about the gap-year phenomenon?A.He’s puzzled.B.He’s worried.C.He’s surprised.D.He’s annoyed.32.What would most students do on their vacation according to NUS statistics?A.Attend additional courses.B.Make plans for the new term.C.Earn money for their education.D.Prepare for their graduate studies.DChoose Your One-Day ToursTour A—Bath&Stonehenge including entrance fees to the ancient Roman bathrooms and Stonehenge—￡37until26March and￡39thereafter.Visit the city with over2,000years of history and Bath Abbey,the Royal Crescent and the Costume Museum.Stonehenge is one of the world’s most famous prehistoric monuments dating back over5,000 years.Tour B—Oxford&Stratford including entrance fees to the University St Mary’s Church Tower and Anne Hathaway’s house￡32until12March and￡36thereafter.Oxford:Includes a guided of England’s oldest university city and colleges.Look over the“city of dreaming spires(尖顶)”form St Mary’s Church Tower.Stratford:Includes a guided tour exploring much of the Shakespeare wonder.Tour C—Windsor Castle&Hampton Court including entrance fees to Hampton Court Palace—£34until March and£37thereafter.Includes a guided tour of Windsor and Hampton Court,Henry Mill’s favorite palace.Free time to visit Windsor Castle(entrance fees not included).With500years of history,Hampton Court was once the home of four Kings and one Queen.Now this former royal palace is open to the public as a major tourist attraction. Visit the palace and its various historic gardens,which include the famous maze(迷宫)where it is easy to get lost!Tour D—Cambridge including entrance fees to the Tower of Saint Mary the Great—£33until18March and£37thereafter.Includes a guided tour of Cambridge,the famous university town,and the gardens of the18th century.33.Which tour will you choose if you want to see England’s oldest university city?A.Tour AB.Tour BC.Tour CD.Tour D第2页（共7页）34.Which of the following tours charges the lowest fee on17March?A.Windsor Castle&Hampton Court.B.Oxford&Stratford.C.Bath&Stonehenge.D.Cambridge.35.Why is Hampton Court a major tourist attraction?A.It used to be the home of royal families.B.It used to be a well-known maze.C.It is the oldest palace in Britain.D.It is a world-famous castle.第二节（共5小题：每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
2015年高考英语真题试卷(上海卷)
2015年高考英语真题试卷（上海卷）一、完形填空(共1题；共15分)1．（15分）完形填空If you studied pictures that ancient people left on rock walls and you tried to determine their meaning,you would not detect interest in romance among the artists.（1）,you would see plenty of animals with people running after them.Life for ancient people's earned to center on hunting and gathering wild foods for meals.In modern times,when food is available in grocery stores,finding love is more（2）in people's lives.The（3）is all around us.It is easy to prepare a list of modern stories having to do with love.An endless number of books and movies qualify as love stories in popular culture.Researchers are studying whether love,a highly valued emotional state,can be（4）.They ask,what is love?Toothpaste companies want us to think attraction is all about clean teeth,but clean teeth go only so far.Scientists wonder how much the brain gets involved.You have probably heard that opposites attract but that（5）attract,too.One thing is certain:The truth about love is not yet set in stone.First ImpressionTo help determine the（6）of attraction,researchers paired164college classmates and had them talk for3,6or10minutes so they could get a sense of each other's individuality.Then students were asked to（7）what kind of relationship they were likely to build with their partners.After nine weeks, they reported what happened.As it turned out,their（8）judgments often held true.Students seemed to（9）at an early stage who would best fit into their lives.The（10）KnowsScientists have also turned to nonhumans to increase understanding of attraction.Many animals give off pheromones—natural chemicals that can be detected by,and then can produce a response in,other animals of the same species.Pheromones can signal that an animal is either ready to fight or is feeling （11）to partnerships.In contrast,humans do not seem to be as（12）as other animals at detecting such chemicals.Smell,however,does seem to play a part in human attraction.Although we may not be aware of chemicals like pheromones consciously,we give and receive loads of information through smell in every interaction with other people.Face ValueBeing fond of someone seems to have a number of factors,including seeing something we find attractive.Researchers had people judge faces for（13）.The participants had0.013seconds to view each face,yet somehow they generally considered the images the same as people who had more time to study the same faces.The way we（14）attractiveness seem to be somewhat automatic.When shown an attractive face and then words with good or bad associations,people responded to （15）words faster after viewing an attractive face.Seeing something attractive seems to cause happy thinking.（1）A．Instead B．Therefore C．Moreover D．Otherwise（2）A．romantic B．stressful C．central D．artificial（3）A．priority B．proof C．possibility D．principle（4）A．tested B．impressed C．changed D．created（5）A．appearances B．virtues C．similarities D．passions（6）A．illustrations B．implications C．ingredients D．intentions（7）A．predict B．investigate C．diagnose D．recall（8）A．critical B．initial C．random D．mature（9）A．memorize B．distinguish C．negotiate D．question（10）A．Nose B．Eye C．Heart D．Hand（11）A．open B．alert C．resistant D．superior（12）A．disappointed B．amazed C．confused D．gifted（13）A．emotion B．attractiveness C．individuality D．signals（14）A．enhance B．possess C．maintain D．assess（15）A．familiar B．plain C．positive D．irritating二、阅读理解(共3题；共24分)2．（8分）阅读理解Look to many of history's cultural symbols,and there you'll find an ancestor of Frosty,the snowman in the movie Frozen.It appeared on some of the first postcards,starred in some of the earliest silent movies, and was the subject of a couple of the earliest photos,dating all the way back to the1800s.I discovered even more about one of humanity's earliest forms of life art during several years of research around the world.For example,snowmen were a phenomenon in the Middle Ages,built with great skill and thought. At a time of limited means of expression,snow was like free art supplies dropped from the sky.It was a popular activity for couples to leisurely walk through town to view the temporary works of chilly art.Somewere created by famous artists,including a19-year-old Michelangelo,who in1494was appointed by the ruler of Florence,Italy,to build a snowman in his mansion's courtyard.The Miracle of1511took place during six freezing works called the Winter of Death.The city of Brussels was covered in snowmen—an impressive scene that told stories on every street corner.Some were political in nature,criticizing the church and government.Some were a reflection of people's imagination. For the people of Brussels,this was a defining moment of defining freedom.At least until spring arrived,by which time they were dealing with damaging floods.If you fear the heyday of the snowman has passed,don't worry:I've learned that some explosive snowman history is still being made today.Every year since1818,the people of Zurich,Switzerland, celebrate the beginning of spring by blowing up a snowman.On the third Monday of April,the holiday Sechselauten is kicked off when a cotton snowman called the Boogg is stuffed with explosive and paraded through town by bakers and other tradesmen who throw bread to the crowds.The parade ends with the Boogg being placed on a40-foot pile of firewood.After the bells of the Church of St.Peter have rung six times,representing the passing of winter,the pile is lit.When the snowman explodes,winter is considered officially over—the quicker it is burnt down,the longer summer is said to be.（1）（2分）According to the passage,why did snowmen become a phenomenon in the Middle Ages? A．People thought of snow as holy art supplies.B．People longed to see masterpieces of snow.C．Building snowmen was a way for people to express themselves.D．Building snowmen helped people develop their skill and thought.（2）（2分）“The heyday of the snowman”（paragraph4）means the time when___________. A．snowmen were made mainly by artists B．snowmen enjoyed great popularity C．snowmen were politically criticized D．snowmen caused damaging floods（3）（2分）In Zurich,the blowing up of the Boogg symbolizes__________________.A．the start of the parade B．the coming of a longer summerC．the passing of the winter D．the success of tradesmen（4）（2分）What can be concluded about snowmen from the passage?A．They were appreciated in history B．They have lost their valueC．They were related to movies D．They vary in shape and size3．（6分）阅读理解The Curse of the Were-Rabbit(2005)is the first full-lengthfeature film made by directors Nick Park and Steve Box withtheir amazing plasticine(粘土)characters Wallace andGromit.It won an Oscar in2006,and if you watch it,you'llunderstand why.It's an absolutely brilliant cartoon comedy.（1）（2分）In the film review,what is paragraph A mainly about?A．The introduction to the leading rolesB．The writer's opinion of actingC．The writer's comments on the storyD．The background information（2）（2分）According to the film review,“monster”（paragraph B）refers to______.A．a gun-crazy hunter B．a brainy dogC．a scary rabbit D．a giant vegetable（3）（2分）Which of the following is a reason why the writer recommends the film?A．It's full of wit and humour.B．Its characters show feelings without words.C．It is an adventure film directed by Peter Sallis.D．It is about the harmony between man and animals.4．（10分）阅读理解One of the executives gathered at the Aspen Institute for a day-long leadership workshop using the works of Shakespeare was discussing the role of Brutus in the death of Julius Caesar.“Brutus was not an honorable man,”he said.“He was a traitor（叛徒）.And he murdered someone in cold blood.”The agreement was that Brutus had acted with cruelty when other options were available to him.He made a bad decision, they said—at least as it was presented by Shakespeare—to take the lead in murdering Julius Caesar.And though one of the executives acknowledged that Brutus had the good of the republic in mind,Caesar was nevertheless his superior.“You have to endeavor,”the executives said,“our policy is to obey the chain of command.”During the last few years,business executives and book writers looking for a new way to advise corporate America have been exploiting Shakespeare's wisdom for profitable ends.None more so than husband and wife team Kenneth and Carol Adelman,well-known advisers to the White House,who started up a training company called“Movers and Shakespeares”.They are amateur Shakespeare scholars and Shakespeare lovers,and they have combined their passion and their high level contacts into a management training business.They conduct between30and40workshops annually,focusing on half a dozen different plays,mostly for corporations,but also for government agencies.The workshops all take the same form,focusing on a single play as a kind of case study,and using individual scenes as specific lessons.In Julius Caesar,sly provocation（狡诈的挑唆）of Brutus to take uparms against the what was a basis for a discussion of methods of team building and grass roots organism. Although neither of the Adelmans is academically trained in literature,the programmes,contain plenty of Shakespeare tradition and background.Their workshop on Henry V,for example,includes a helpful explanation of Henry's winning strategy at the Battle of Agincourt.But they do come to the text with a few biases(偏向):their reading of Henry V minimizes his misuse of power.Instead,they emphasize the story of the youth who seizes opportunity and becomes a masterful leader.And at the workshop on Caesar,Mr. Adelmans had little good to say about Brutus,saying“the noblest Roman of them all”couldn't make his mind up about things.Many of the participants pointed to very specific elements in the play that they felt related Caesar's pride,which led to his murder,and Brutus's mistakes in leading the after the murder,they said,raise vital questions for anyone serving as a business when and how do you resist the boss?（1）（2分）According to paragraph1,what did all the executives think of Brutus?A．Cruel.B．Superior.C．Honorable.D．Bade（2）（2分）According to the passage,the Adelmans set up“Movers and Shakespeares”to________. A．help executives to understand Shakespeare's plays betterB．give advice on leadership by analyzing Shakespeare's playsC．provide case studies of Shakespeare's plays in literature workshopsD．guide government agencies to follow the characters in Shakespeare's plays.（3）（2分）Why do the Adelmans conduct a workshop on Henry V?A．To highlight the importance of catching opportunities.B．To encourage masterful leaders to plan strategies to win.C．To illustrate the harm of prejudices in management.D．To warn executives against power misuse.（4）（2分）It can be inferred from the passage that____.A．the Adelmans'programme proves biased as the roles of characters are maximized. B．executives feel bored with too many specific elements of Shakespeare's plays.C．the Adelmans will make more profits if they are professional scholars.D．Shakespeare has played an important role in the management field.（5）（2分）The best title for the passage is_____.A．Shakespeare's plays:Executives reconsider corporate cultureB．Shakespeare's plays:An essential key to business successC．Shakespeare's plays:a lesson for business motivationD．Shakespeare's plays:Dramatic training brings dramatic results三、语法填空(共2题；共32分)5．（16分）语法填空Gift from a strangerMy local supermarket is always busy.The first parking space I found was convenient,but I'd noticed a woman in a blue car circling for a while.I was in a good mood,I let her have it. On the edge of the car park I backed into the next available spot—it was a tight fit.Pretty soon I'd made my way through the supermarket and was back in the fresh air.Feeling good,I (empty)my purse change into the hands of a homeless man and helped a struggling woman reverse park（倒车）.Just as I approached my car,1saw the woman I'd let have my car space earlier.She was giving me odd look—half puzzled,half intent(热切的).I smiled and wished her a pleasant day.As I squeezed back into my car,I spotted the same lady(look)in at me."Hello,"she said,hesitantly."This_sound crazy but I was on my way to drop some of my mother's things off at the charity bins.”You are just so much her.”You helped those people,I noticed,and you seemed so happy.”She looked at me meaningfully and passed a box in through the window.“I think she would like you to have it.”(shock),I took it from her automatically.She smiled and walked away.After a pause,I opened the box.Inside was a beautiful gold necklace with a large grey pearl.It was (nice)gift I'd ever received,and it was from a complete stranger.The necklace was around my neck,a warm reminder of human kindness.6．（16分）语法填空Ask helpful HannahDear helpful Hannah,I've got a problem with my husband,Sam.He bought a smart phone a couple of months ago and he took it on our recent ski vacation to Colorado,it was a great trip except for one problem.He has a constant urge for next messages;he checks his phone every five minutes!He's so addicted to it that he just can't stand the idea there may be an important text.He can't help checking even at inappropriate times like when we are eating in a restaurant and I am talking to him!He behavesany small amount of boredom can make him feel the need to check his phone even when he know heshouldn't.The temptation to see is connecting him is just too great.When I ask him to put down the phone and stop(ignore)me,he say,“In a minute.”but still checks to see ifhas posted something new on the Internet.Our life(interrupted).If we go somewhere and I ask him to have the phone at home,he suffers from withdrawal symptom.May this dependency on his smart phone has become more than an everyday problem.I recently read an article about“nomophobia,”is a real illness people can't suffer from the fear of being without your phone!I am worried that Sam maybe suffering from this illness because he feels anxious if he doesn't have his phone with him,even for a short time.Who would have thought that little devices like these could have brought so much trouble!Sick and Tired Sadie四、短文填空(共1题；共20分)7．（20分）短文填空A.accessB.alternativesC.designedD.confirmedE.conflictingF.elementsG.functionH.innovativeI.prospective J.separate K.supportingConsidering how much time people spend in effects,it is important that with A be well designed. Well-designed office spaces help create a corporation's image.They motivate workers and they make an impression on people who visit and might be potential,or,customers.They make business work better,and they are a part of the corporate culture to live in.As we move away from an industrial-based economy to a knowledge-based one,office designers come up with to the traditional work environments of the past.The design industry has moved away from a fixed office setup and created more flexible“strategic management environments.”These solutions are meant to support better organizational performance.As employee hierarchies（等级制度）have flattened or decreased,office designers'response to this change has been to move open-plan areas to more desirable locations within the office and create fewer formal private offices.The need for increased flexibility has also been by changes in workstation design.Office and work spaces often are not to a given person on a permanent basis.Because of changes to methods of working,new design allow for expansion or movement of desks,storage,and equipment within the workplace.Another important design goal is communication, which designers have improved by breaking the walls that workstations.Designers have also created informal gathering places and upgraded employees'to heavily trafficked areassuch as copy and coffee rooms.Corporate and institutional office designers often struggle to resolve a number of competing and often demands,including budgetary limits,employees hierarchies and technological innovation(especially in relation to computerization).These demands must also be balanced with the need to create interiors(内饰) that in some way enhance,establish or possess a company's image and will enable employees toand their best.All these of office design are related.The most successful office designs are like good marriage—the well-designed office and the employees that occupy it are seemingly made for each other.五、阅读表达(共1题；共12分)8．（12分）任务型阅读Youth sport has the potential to accomplish three important objectives in children's development. First,sport programs can provide youth with opportunities to be physically active,which can lead to improved physical health.Second,youth sport programs have long been considered important to youth's psychosocial development,providing opportunities to learn important life skills such as cooperation, discipline,leadership,and self-control.Third,youth sport programs are critical for the learning of motor skills;these motor skills serve as a foundation for future national sport stars and recreational adult sport participants.When coachers develop activities for youth practices and when sport organizations design youth-sport programs,they must consider the implication of deliberate play and deliberate practice. Research from Telama（2006）states that regular participation in deliberate play or deliberate practice activities during childhood and youth（ages nine to eighteen）increases the likelihood of participation in sports during adulthood by six times for both males and females.Côté（2002）defines deliberate play activities in sport as those designed to maximize enjoyment.These activities are regulated by flexible rules adapted from standardized sport rules and are set up by the children or by an involved adult.Children typically change rules to find a point where their game is similar to the actual sport but still allows for play at their level.For example,children may change soccer and basketball rules to suit their needs and environment （e.g.in the street.on a playing field or in someone's backyard）.When involved in deliberate play activities, children are less concerned with the outcome of their outcome of their behavior.（whether they win or lose）than with the behavior.（having fun）.On the other hand,Ericsson（1993）suggests that the most effective learning occurs through involvement in highly structured activities defined as deliberate practice.Deliberate practice activitiesrequire effort,produce no immediate rewards,and are motivated by the goal of improving performance rather than the goal of enjoyment.When individuals are involved in deliberate play,they experiment with different combinations of behaviors,but not necessarily in the most effective way to improve performance.In contrast,when individuals are involved in deliberate practice,they exhibit behavior.focused on improving performance by the most effective means available.For example,the backhand skills in tennis could be learned and improved over time by playing matches or by creating fun practice situations.However,players could more effectively improve their backhand performance by practicing drills that might be considered less enjoyable.Although drills are used in most effective means available practice might not be the most enjoyable,they might be the most relevant to improving performance.（Note:Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS）（1）（5分）Besides the learning of motor skills,what are the other two important objectives of youth sport?（2）（1分）If children participate in deliberate play or deliberate practice activities,they are more likely to.（3）（5分）In deliberate play activities,what do children do to maximize enjoyment?（4）（1分）In contrast to deliberate play,deliberate practice is aimed at.六、翻译(共1题；共25分)9．（25分）翻译（1）（5分）美食是人们造访上海的乐趣之一。
2015年考研英语二真题及答案(完整版)
2015年考研英语二真题及答案（完整版）Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)In our contemporary culture, the prospect of communicating with - or even looking at - a stranger is virtually unbearable. Everyone around us seems to agree by the way they cling to their phones, even without a 1 on a subway.It’s a sad reality - our desire to avoid interacting with other human beings- because there’s 2 to be gained from talking to the stranger standing by you. But you wouldn’t know it, 3 into your phone. This universal protection sends the 4 :“Please don’t approach me.”What is it that makes us feel we need to hid 5 our screens?One answer is fear, according to Jon Wortmann, an executive mental coach. We fear rejection, or that our innocent social advances will be 6 as “weird.” We fear we’ll be 7 . We fear we’ll be disruptive.Strangers are inherently 8 to us, so we are more likely to feel 9 when communicating with them compared with our friends and acquaintances. To avoid this uneasiness, we 10 to turn our phones. “Phones become our security blanket,” Wortmann says. “They are our happy glasses that protect us from what we perceive is going to be more 11 .”But once we rip off the band-aid, tuck our smartphones in our pockets and look up, it doesn’t12 so bad. In one 2011 experiment, behavioral scientists Nicholas Epley and Juliana Schroeder ask ed commuters todo the unthinkable:“Start a 13 . They had Chicago train commuters talk to their fellow 14 . When Dr. Epley and Ms. Schroeder asked other people in the same train station to 15 how the would feel after talking to a stranger, the commuters thought their 16 would be more pleasant if they sat on thier own,” The New York Times summarizes. Though the participants didn’t expect a positive experience, after they 17 with the experiment, “not a single person reported having been embarrassed.”18 these commutes were reportedly more enjoyable compared with those without communication, which makes absolute sense, 19 human beings thrive off of social connections. It's that 20 : Talking to strangers can make you feel connected.1.[A]ticket [B]permit [C]signal [D]record2.[A]nothing [B]little [C]another [D]much3.[A]beaten [B]guided [C]plugged [D]brought4.[A]message [B]code [C]notice [D]sign5.[A]under [B]beyond [C]behind [D]from6.[A]misinterpreted [B]misapplied [C]misadjusted [D]mismatched7.[A]fired [B]judged [C]replaced [D]delayed8.[A]unreasonable [B]ungrateful [C]unconventional [D]unfamiliar9.[A]comfortable [B] anxious [C] confident [D]angry10.[A]attend [B]point [C]take [D]turn11.[A]dangerous [B] mysterious [C]violent [D]boring12.[A]hurt [B] resist [C]bend [D]decay13.[A]lecture [B]conversation [C]debate [D]negotiation14.[A]trainees [B]employees [C]researchers [D]passengers15.[A]reveal [B]choose [C]predict [D]design16.[A]voyage [B]flight [C]walk [D]ride17.[A]went through [B]did away [C]caught up [D]put up18.[A]In turn [B]In particular [C]In fact [D]In consequence19. [A]unless [B]since [C]if [D]whereas20. [A]funny [B]simple [C]logical [D]rareSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C,or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)Text 1A new study suggests that contrary to most surveys，people are actually more stressed at home than at work. Researchers measured people’s cortisol, whic h is a stress marker, while they were at were work and while they were at home and found it higher at what is supposed to be a place of refuge.“Further contradicting conventional wisdom, we found that women as well as men have lower levels of stress at work than at home.”Write one of the researchers, Sarah Damaske.In fact women even say they feel better at work, she notes, “It is men, not women, who report being happier at home than at work.” Another surprise is that the findings hold true for both those with children and without, but more so for nonparents. This is why people who work outside the home have better health.What the study doesn’t measure is whether people are still doing work when they’re at home, whether it is household work or work brought home from the office. For many men, the end of the workday is a time to kick back. For women who say home, they never get to leave the office. And for women who work outside the home, they often are playing catch—up—with—household tasks. With the blurring of roles, and the fact that the home front lags well behind the workplace in making adjustments for working women, it’s not surprising that women are more stressed at home.But it’s not just a gender thing. At work, people pretty much know what they’re s upposed to be doing：working, making money, doing the tasks they have to do in order to draw an income. The bargain is very pure; Employee puts in hours of physical or mental labor and employee draws out life—sustaining moola.On the home front, however, people have no such clarity. Rare is the household in which the division of labor is so clinically and methodically laid out. There are a lot of tasks to be done,there are inadequate rewards for most of them. Your home colleagues—your family—have no clear rewards for most of them. Your home colleagues—your family—have no clear rewards for their labor; they need to be talked into it, or if they’re teenagers, threatened with complete removal of all electronic devices. Plus, they’re your family. You cannot fire your family. You never really get to go home from home.So it’s not surprising that people are more stressed at home. Not only are the tasks apparently infinite, the co—workers are much harder to motivate.21.According to Paragraph 1，most previous surveys found that home .[A]was an unrealistic place for relaxation[B]generated more stress than the workplace[C]was an ideal place for stress measurement[D]offered greater relaxation than the workplace22.According to Damaske，who are likely to be the happiest at home?[A]Working mothers[B]Childless husbands[C]Childless wives[D]Working fathers23.The blurring of working women’s roles refers to the fact that .[A]they are both bread winners and housewives[B]their home is also a place for kicking back[C]there is often much housework left behind[D]it is difficult for them to leave their office24.The word “moola”(Tine 4，Para 4)most probably means .[A]energy[B]skills[C]earnings[D]nutrition25.The home front differs from the workplace in that .[A]home is hardly a cozier working environment[B]division of labor at home is seldom clear-cut[C]household tasks are generally more motivating[D]family labor is often adequately rewardedText 2For years, studies have found that first-generation college student – those who do not have a parent with a college degree – lag other students on a range of education achievement factors. Their grades are lower than and their dropout rates are higher. But since such students are most likely to advance economically if they succeed in higher education, colleges and universities have pushed for decades to recruit more of them. This has created “a paradox” in that recruiting first-generation student, but then watching many of them fail, means that higher education has “continued to reproduce and widen, rather than close.” An achievement gap based on social class, according to the depressing beginning of a paper forthcoming in the journal Psychological Science.But the article is actually quite optimistic, as it outlines a potential solution to this problem, suggesting that an approach (which involves a one-hour, next-to-no-cost program) can close 63 percent of the achievement gap (measured by such factors as grades) between first-generation and other students.The authors of the paper are from different universities, and their findings are based on a study involving 147 students (who completed the project) at an unnamed private university. First generation was defined as not having parent with four-year college degree. Most of the first-generation students (59.1 percent) were recipients of Pell Grants, a federal grant of undergraduates with financial need, while this was true only for 8.6 percent of the students with at least one parent with four-year degree.Their thesis – that a relatively modest intervention could have a big impact – was based on the view that first-generation students may be most lacking not in potential but in practical knowledge about how to deal with the issues that face most college students. They cite past research by several authors to show that this is the gap that must be narrowed to close the achievement gap.Many first-generation students “struggled to navigate the middle-class culture of higher education, learn the ‘rules of the game,’ and take advantage of college resources,” they write. And this becomes more of a problem when colleges don’t talk about the class advantages and disadvantages of different groups of students. Because US colleges and universities seldom acknowledge how social class can affe ct students’ educational experiences, many first-generation students lack of sight about why they are struggling and do not understand students ‘like them’ can improve.”26. Recruiting more first-generation students has .[A]. reduced their dropout rates[B]. narrowed the achievement gap[C]. missed its original purpose[D]. depressed college students27. The author of the research article are optimistic because .[A]. the problem is solvable[B]. their approach is costless[C]. the recruiting rate has increased[D]. their findings appeal to students28. The study suggests that most first-generation students .[A]. study at private universities[B]. are from single-parent families[C]. are in need of financial support[D]. have failed their college29. The author of the paper believe that first-generation students .[A]. are actually indifferent to the achievement gap[B]. can have a potential influence on other projects[C]. may lack opportunities to apply research projects[D]. are inexperienced in handling their issues at college30. We may infer from the last paragraph that .[A]. universities often reject the culture of their middle-class[B]. students are usually to blame for their lack of resources[C]. social class greatly helps enrich educational experiences.[D].colleges are partly responsible for the problem in questionText 3Even in traditional offices, “the lingua franca of corporate America has gotten much more emotional and much more right-brained than it was 20 years ago,” said Harvard Busi ness School professor Nancy Koehn. She started spinning off examples. “If you and I parachuted back to Fortune 500 companies in 1990, we would see much less frequent use of terms like journey, mission, passion. There were goals, there were strategies, ther e were objectives, but we didn’t talk about energy; we didn’t talk about passion.”Koehn pointed out that this new era of corporate vocabulary is very “team”-oriented—and not by coincidence. “Let’s not forget sports—in male-dominated corporate America, it’s still a big deal. It’s not explicitly conscious; it’s the idea that I’m a coach, and you’re my team, and we’re in this together. There are lots and lots of CEOs in very different companies, but most think of themselves as coaches and this is their team a nd they want to win.”These terms are also intended to infuse work with meaning—and, as Khurana points out, increase allegiance to the firm. “You have the importation of terminology that historically used to be associated with non-profit organizations and religious organizations: Terms like vision, values, passion, and purpose,” said Khurana.This new focus on personal fulfillment can help keep employees motivated amid increasingly loud debates over work-life balance. The “mommy wars” of the 1990s are still going on today, prompting arguments about why women still can’t have it all and books like Sheryl Sandberg’sLean In, whose title has become a buzzword in its own right. Terms like unplug, offline, life-hack, bandwidth, and capacity are all about setting boundaries between the office and the home. But if your work is your “passion,” you’ll be more likely to devote yourself to it, even if that means going home for dinner and then working long after the kids are in bed.But this seems to be the irony of office speak: Everyone makes fun of it, but managers love it, companies depend on it, and regular people willingly absorb it. As Nunberg said, “You can get people to think it’s nonsense at the same time that you buy into it.” In a workplace that’s fundamentally indifferent to your life and its meaning, office speak can help you figure out how you relate to your work—and how your work defines who you are.31. According to Nancy Koehn ,office languages become_____.[A] more emotional[B] more objective[C] less energetic[D] less strategic32.”Team”-oriented corporate vocabulary is closely related to_____.[A] historical incidents[B] gender difference[C] sports culture[D] athletic executives33.Khurana believes that the importation of terminology aims to_____.[A] revive historical terms[B] promote company image[C] forster corporate cooperation[D] strengthen employee loyalty34.It can be inferred that Lean In_____.[A]voices for working women[B] appeals to passionate workaholics[C] triggers debates among mommies[D] praises motivated employees35.Which of the following statements is ture about office speak?[A]Managers admire it but avoid it.[B] Linguists believe it to be nonsense.[C]Companies find it to be fundamental.[D] Regular people mock it but accept it.Text 4Many people talked of the 288,000 new jobs the Labor Department reported for June, along with the drop in the unemployment rate to 6.1percent, as good news. And they were right. For nowit appears the economy is creating jobs at a decent pace. We still have a long way to go to get back to full employment, but at least we are now finally moving forward at a faster pace.However, there is another important part of the jobs picture that was largely overlooked. There was a big jump in the number of people who report voluntarily working part-time. This figure is now 830,000 (4.4 percent) above its year ago level.Before explaining the connection to the Obamacare, it is worth making an important distinction. Many people who work part-time work because this is all they can get. An increase in involuntary part-time work is evidence of weakness in the labor market and it means that many people will be having a very hard time making ends meet.There was an increase in involuntary part-time in June, but the general direction has been down. Involuntary part-time employment is still far higher than before the recession, but it is down by 640,000(7.9percent) from is its year level.We know the difference between voluntary and involuntary part-time employment because people tell us. The survey used by the Labor Department asks people if they worked less than 35 hours in the reference week. If the answer is “yes,” they are classified as working part-time. The survey then asks whether they worked less than 35 hours in that week because they wanted to work less than full time or because they had no choice. They are only classified as voluntary part-time workers if they tell the survey taker they chose to work less than 35 hours a week.The issue of voluntary part-time relates to Obamacare because one of the main purpose was to allow people to get insurance outside of employment. For many people, especially those with serious health conditions or family members with serious health conditions, before Obamacare the only way to get insurance was through a job that provided health insurance.However, Obamacare has allowed more than 12 million people to either get insurance through Medicaid or the exchanges. These are people who may previously have felt the need to get a full-time job that provided insurance in order to cover themselves and their families. With Obamacare there is no longer a link between employment and insurance.36.Which part of the jobs picture was neglected?[A] The prospect of a thriving job market.[B] The increase of voluntary part-time jobs.[C] The possibility of full employment.[D] The acceleration of job creation.37.Many people work part-time because they_____.[A] prefer part-time jobs to full-time jobs.[B] feel that is enough to make ends meet.[C] cannot get their hands on full-time jobs.[D] haven’t seen the weakness of the market.38.Involuntary part-time employment in the US____.[A] is harder to acquire than one year ago.[B] shows a general tendency of decline.[C] satisfies the real need of the jobless.[D] is lower than befor the recession.39.It can be learned that with Obamacare,_____.[A] it is no longer easy for part-times to get insurance.[B] employment is no longer a precondition to get insurance.[C] it is still challenging to get insurance for family members.[D] full-time employment is still essential for insurance.40.The text mainly discusses_____.[A] employment in the US.[B] part-timer clssification.[C] insurance through Medicaid.[D] Obamacare’s trouble.PART BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each paragraph (41-45). There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A]You are not alone[B]Don’t fear responsibility for your life[C]Pave your own unique path[D] Most of your fears are unreal[E] Think about the present moment[F]Experience helps you grow[G]There are many things to be grateful forSome Old Truths to Help You Overcome Tough TimesUnfortunately, life is not a bed of roses. We are going through life facing sad experiences. Moreover, we are grieving various kinds of loss: a friendship, a romantic relationship or a house. Hard times may hold you down at what usually seems like the most inopportune time, but you should remember that they won't last forever.When our time of mourning is over, we press forward, stronger with a greater understanding and respect for life. Furthermore, these losses make us mature and eventually move us toward future opportunities for growth and happiness. I want to share these old truths I've learned along the way.41.__________________Fear is both useful and harmful. This normal human reaction is used to protect us by signaling danger and preparing us to deal with it. Unfortunately, people create inner barriers with ahelp of exaggerating fears. My favorite actor Will Smith once said, “Fear is not real. It is a product of thoughts you create. Do not misunderstand me. Danger is very real. But fear is a choice.”I do completely agree that fears are just the product of own luxuriant imagination.42.__________________If you are surrounded by problems and cannot stop thinking about past, try to focus on the present moment. Many of us are weighed down by the past or anxious about the future. You may feel guilt over your past, but you are poisoning the present with the things and circumstances you cannot change. Value the present moment and remember how fortunate you are to be alive. Enjoy the beauty of the world around and keep the eyes open to see the possibilities before you. Happiness is not point of future and not a moment from the past, but a mindset thancan be designed in to the present.43.__________________Sometimes it is easy to feel bad because you are going to through tough times. You can be easily caught up by life problems that you forget to pause and appreciate the things you have. Only strong people prefer to smile and value their life instead of crying and complaining about something.44.__________________No matter how isolated you might feel and how serious the situation is, you should always remember that you are not alone. Try to keep in mind that almost everyone respects and wants to help you if you are trying to make a good change in your life, especially your dearest and nearest people. You may have a circle of friends or relatives, try to participate in several online communities, full of people who are always willing to share advice and encouragement.45.__________________Today many people find it difficult to trust their own opinion and seek balance by gaining objectivity from external sources. This way you devalue your opinion and show that you are incapable of managing your own life. When you are struggling to achieve something important you should believe in yourself and be sure that your decision is the best. You live in your skin, think your own thoughts, have your own values and make your own choices.Section III Translation46. DirectionsTranslate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.(15 points)Think about driving a route that’s very familiar. It could be your comminutes to work, a trip into town or the way home. Whichever it is, you know every twist step turn like the back of your hand. On these steps of trips it’s easy to lose concentration is that you perceive that the trip has taken less time than it actually has.This is the well-travelled road effect. People tend to underestimate the time it takes to travel a familiar route.The effect is caused by the way we allocate our attention. When we travel down a well-known route, because we don’t have to concentrate much, time seems to flow more quickly. And afterward, when we come to think back on it, we can’t remember the journey well because we didn’t pay much attention to it. So we assume it was shorter.Section IV WritingPart A47. DirectionsSuppose your university is going to host a summer camp for high school students. Write a note to1) briefly introduce the camp activities, and2) call for volunteersYou should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your name or the name of your university.Do not write your address. (10 points)Part B48. Directions:Write an essay based on the following chart. In your writing, you should1) interpret the chart, and2) give your commentsYou should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET.(15 points)--------------------【参考答案】--------------------Section I Use of English1. [C]signal2. [D]much3. [C]plugged4. [A]message5. [C]behind6. [A]misinterpreted7. [B]judged8. [D]unfamiliar9. [B] anxious10. [D]turn11. [A]dangerous12. [A]hurt13. [B]conversation14. [D]passengers15. [C]predict16. [D]ride17. [A]went through18. [C]In fact19. [B]since20. [B]simpleSection II Reading ComprehensionPart A21. [D]offered greater relaxation than the workplace22. [B]Childless husbands23. [A]they are both bread winners and housewives24. [C]earnings25. [B]division of labor at home is seldom clear-cut26. [C] missed its original purpose27. [A] the problem is solvable28. [C] are in need of financial support29. [D] are inexperienced in handling their issues at college30. [D]colleges are partly responsible for the problem in question31. [A] more emotional32. [C] sports culture33. [D] strengthen employee loyalty34. [A]voices for working women35. [D] Regular people mock it but accept it.36. [B] The increase of voluntary part-time jobs.37. [C] cannot get their hands on full-time jobs.38. [B] shows a general tendency of decline.39. [B] employment is no longer a precondition to get insurance.40. [A] employment in the US.Part B41. [D] Most of your fears are unreal42. [E] Think about the present moment43. [G] There are many things to be grateful for44. [A] You are not alone45. [C] Pave your own unique pathSection III Translation46.设想一下，你正开车行驶在一条非常熟悉的路线上。
2015英语专四真题及答案
DictationMale and Female Roles in MarriageIn the traditional marriage, the man worked to earn money for the family. / The woman stayed at home to care for the children and her husband. / In recent years, many couples continue to have a traditional relationship of this kind. / Some people are happy with it. But others think differently. /There are two major differences in male and female roles now. / One is that both men and women have many more choices. / They may choose to marry or stay single. / They may choose to work or to stay at home. / A second difference is that, within marriage many decisions are shared. / If a couple has children, the man may take care of them /some of the time, all of the time or not at all. / The woman may want to stay at home / or she may want to go to work. / Men and women now decide these things together in a marriage.Listening ComprehensionSection A ConversationConversation one1. Why is the trip to Mars a one-way trip?A. The return trip is too expensive.B. There is no technology to get people back.C. People don ' t want to return.D. The return trip is too risky.2. According to the man, what is more important for those recruits?A. Intelligence.B. Health.C. Skills.D. Calmness.3. What is the last part of the conversation about?A. The kind of people suitable for the trip.B. Interests and hobbies of the speakers.C. Recruitment of people for the trip.D. Preparation for the trip to Mars.Conversation Two4. What is showrooming?A. Going to the high street.B. Visiting everyday shops.C. Buying things like electrical goods.D. Visiting shops and buying online.5. According to the conversation, the man had bought all the following things online EXCEPTA. shoesB. CDsC. cameraD. Food6. According to the conversation, the percentage of people who showroomed whileChristmas shopping wasA. 3%B. 33%C. 42%D. 24%7. One reason for people to showroom is that theyA. want to know more about pricingB. can return the product laterC. want to see the real thing firstD. can bargain for a lower shop priceConversation Three8. What is the conversation mainly about?A. How to avoid clashes of exams.B. How to schedule exams.C. How to use the faculty lounge.D. How to choose the courses.9. What does the student have to do first in order to take the exams?A. To choose a date on the draft schedule.B. To find the information on the bulletin board.C. To draw up the final schedule.D. To arrange an invigilator.10. According to the conversation, the Dean willA. sign the sheet in the faculty loungeB. take care of the bulletin boardC. consult the studentsD. finalize the exam scheduleSection B PASSAGESPassage One11. Which of the following cities has the oldest Chinatown in North America?A. New York.B. San Francisco.C. Boston.D. San Diego.12. The Chinatown in San Francisco attracts tourists a year.A. 20 ,000B. 100 ,000C. 7 millionD. 17 million13. Where can tourists see the fish markets?A. In Stockton Street.B. In Grant Avenue.C. In Portsmouth Square.D. In Bush Street.Passage Two14. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?A. Obesity can damage one 's health.B. Obesity is a growing problem all over the world.C. Obesity is directly related to one 's habit.D. Obesity has affected both boys and girls.15. The purpose of the three-year study is toA. find out why some children find it difficult to go to sleepB. learn more about the link between sleep and weightC. identify the ways parents reduce their kids ' weightD. see if there is difference in sleep patterns over the period16. According to the study, the daily healthy sleep time for the 3rd to 6th graders should be around ___________ hours.A. 8B. 9C. 10D. 1117. According to the passage, obesity is most likely related to ___ .A. sleep timeB. genderC. raceD. ParentsPassage Three18. According to a number of students, ___ is the main factor for early-age smoking.A. genderB. personalityC. environmentD. Money19. Which of the following statements is CORRECT?A. Very few continue smoking throughout their teenage years.B. Most early-age smokers soon stop experimenting.C. Some early-age smokers never go beyond experimenting.D. Children quickly become regular smokers by carrying cigarettes.20. All the following are features of smokers EXCEPT ___ .A. strong peer influenceB. low sense of achievementC. high sense of rebellionD. close family relationshipSection C NEWS BROADCASTNews Item 121. Why were some children offered only fruit and milk for lunch?A. The school stopped providing school lunch.B. Their parents failed to pay for school lunch.C. Some parents preferred fruit and milk for lunch.D. These children chose to have something different.22. How did parents react to the school 's way of handling the situation?A. They were upset.B. They were furious.C. They were surprised.D. They were sad.News Item 223. According to the news, what is the main advantage of the digital key?A. Guests can pay without going to the front desk.B. Guests can go direct to their rooms.C. Guests can check out any time.D. Guests can make room reservations.24. The hotel company intends to have the system in ____ of its hotels inthe next three months.A. 2B. 3C. 100D. 150News Item 325. According to the court ruling, Shrien Dewani ____ .A. will return to the U.K. for medical treatmentB. will remain in South Africa for medical treatmentC. will stand trial in South Africa once proved fitD. will be extradited even if he is unfit to stand trial26. What was Dewani accused of?A. Having his wife killed.B. Killing his wife in the U.K.C. Being invo Ived in a taxi accide nt.D. Hiri ng a crew of hit men.News Item 427. The U.N. new vote would allow all the followi ng EXCEPT _____ .A. the use of force by European Union troopsB. the suspension of an existing arms embargoC. the extension of U.N. peacekeeping missionD. the ban on travel and freeze of assetsNews Item 528. What is the news mainly about?A. Causes of early death in Russia.B. Behavior of alcoholics.C. Causes of alcohol pois oning.D. Number of death over 10 years.News Item 629. The total investment in film-making in Britain in 2012 was _____ .A. .945 millionB. 1.07 billio nC. 500,000D. 87,00030. Hollywood studios prefer to make films in Brita in because ___A. The UK is a good film locati onB. The cast usually comes from Britai nC. Hollywood emphasizes qualityD. Product ion cost can be reducedCloseElectricity is such a part of our everyday lives and so much take n for gran ted nowadays31 we rarely think twice when we switch on the light or turn on the TV set. At night, roads are brightly lit, enabling people and 32 to move freely. Neon lighting used in advertising has become part of the 33 of every modern city. In the home, many 34 devices are powered by electricity. 35 when we turn off the bedside lamp and are36 asleep, electricity is working for us, 37our refrigerators, heating our water, or keep ing our rooms air-c on diti on ed. Every day, trains, buses and subways take us to and from work. We rarely 38 to consider why or how they run 39 something goes wrong. In the summer of 1959, something 40 go wrong with the power-plant that provided New York with electricity. For a great many hours, life came almost to a 41. Trains refused to move and the people in them sat in the dark42 to do anything; liftsstopped work ing, so that 43 you were lucky eno ugh not to be 44 betwee n two floors youhad the unpleasant task of finding your way down 45 of stairs. Famous streets like Broadway and Fifth Avenue in a(n) 46 became as gloomy and uninviting 47 the most remote back streets. People were afraid to leave their houses, 48 although thepolice had bee n ordered to 49 in case of emerge ncy, they were just as con fused andGrammar and vocabulary51. When you have finished with that book,don' t forget to pUback on the shelf,?A. will youB. do youC. don 'youD. won 'you52. Mary is ___ hardworking than her sister, but she failed in the exam.A. no soB. no moreC. not lessD. no less53. Which of the followi ng stateme nts is in correct?A. Five miles seem like a long walk to me.B. Ten dollars was stolen from the cash register.C. Either my sister or my brother is coming.D. Only one out of six were prese nt at the meeti ng.54. Which of the italicized parts expresses a future ten?A. My friend teacheschemistry in a school.B. I 'll give it to you after I return.C. What is the matter with you?D. London sta nds on the River Thames55. It is not so much the Ianguage___ the cultural background that makes the film difficult to un dersta nd.A. butB. norC. likeD. as56. There is no doubt ____ t he committee has made the right decisi on on the hous ing project.A. whyB. thatC. whetherD. whe n57. All the Preside nt's Men _____ one of the importa nt books for the stude nts who study the Watergate Scan dal.A. remai nB. rema inedC. remai nsD. is remai ning58. If you explained the situation to your lawyer, he ____ able to advise you much better tha n I can.A. will beB. would beC. wasD. were59. Which of the following is a stative verb（静态动词）?A. DrinkB. CloseC. RainD. Belo ng60. Which of the followi ng italicized parts in dicates a subject-verb relatio n?A. The man has a large family to support.B. She had no wish to quarrel with her brother.C. He was the last guest to leave.D. Mary n eeds a frien d to talk to.61. The following are all correct responsesto Who told the news to the teacher? EXCEPT ______ .A. Bob did thatB. Bob did soC. Bob did thisD. Bob did62. Which of the following is INCORRECT?A. A bit of flowersB. Few wordsC. This workD. Ano ther two girls63. Which of the following italicized words does NOT indicate willingness ?A. What will you do when you graduate?B. They will be home by now.C. Who will go with me?D. Why will you go there alone?64. When one has good health,_ should feel fortunate.A. youB. sheC. heD. we65. There ___ nothing more for discussion, the meeting came to an end half an hour earlier.A. to beB. to have bee nC. beingD. be66. Two of her brothers were __ during the Second World War.A. called onB. called upC. called forD. called out67. Bottles from this region sell _ at about$50 a case.A. wholesaleB. totallyC. en tirelyD. together68. The product contains n — colours, flavours, or preservatives.A. fakeB. falseC. artificialD. wrong69. Davis accepted the defeat in the semi-finial with good grace. The underlined partis closest in meaning to ___ .A. cheerfullyB. wholeheartedlyC. politelyD. quietly70. ____ a nd bus in ess leaders were delighted at the decisi on to hold the n ati onalmotor fair in the city.A. CivilB. CivilizedC. Civilia nD. Civic71. The city coun cil is pla nning a huge road-buildi ng programme to ease con gesti on. The underlined part mean ____ .A. clamB. relieveC. comfortD. still72. His unfortun ate appeara nee was offset by an attractive pers on ality. The un derl ine part means all the followi ng EXPECT ____.A. improvedB. made up forC. bala needD. compe nsated for73. The doctor said that the gash in his cheek required ten stitches. The underlinedpart mean _____ .A. lumpB. depressi onC. swelli ngD. cut74. During the economic crisis, they had to cut back production and_ workers.A. lay intoB. lay offC. lay dow nD. lay aside75. The university consistently receives a high _ for the quality of its teaching and research.A. sta ndardB. evaluati onC. comme ntD. rat ing76. To mark its one hundredth anniversary, the university held a series of activitiesin cludi ng conferen ces, film shows, etc. The un derl ine part means .A. celebrateB. sig nifyC. symbolizeD. suggest77. His fertile mind keeps turning out new ideas. The underlined part means .A. abundantB. un believableC. productiveD. gen erative78. The local n ewspaper has a_of 100.000 copies a day.A. spreadB. circulati onC. motio nD. flow79. These issues were discussed at length during the meeting. The underlined partmea ns .A. eve ntuallyB. subseque ntlyC. lastlyD. fully80. A couple pf young people were giving out leaflets in front of the departme nt store.The un derl ine part mean __ .A. distribut ingB. han dli ngC. dividi ngD. arrangingRead ing comprehe nsionTEXT AInun dated by more in formatio n tha n we can possibly hold in our heads, we are in creas in gly handing off the job of rememberi ng to search engines and smart phones. Google is eve n reportedly work ing on eyeglasses that could one day recog nize faces and supply details about whoever you are look ing at. But new research shows that outsourcing our money- and expecting that information will continually and in sta ntan eously available- is cha nging oucog nitive habits.Research con ducted by Betsy Sparrow, an assista nt professor of psychology at Columbia University, has identified three new realities about how we process information in the Internet age. First, her experiments showed that when we don't know the an swer to a questi on, we now th ink about where we can find the n earest Web conn ecti on in stead of the subject of the questi on itself. A sec ond revelati on is that when we expect to be able to find information again later on, we dontremember it as well as when we think it might become unavailable. And then there us the researchers final observati on: the expectati on that we'll be able to locate in formatio n down the line leads us to form a memory not of the fact itself but of where we will be able to find it.But this handoff comes with a downside. Skills like critical thinking and analysis must develop in the con text of facts: we n eed somethi ng to think and reas on about, after all. And these facts can't be Googled as we go; they n eed to be stored i n the original hard drive, our Iong-term memory. Especially in the case of children, factual knowledge must precede skill” says Daniel Willingham, a professor of psychology, at the University of Virginia-meaning that the days of drilling the multiplication table and memoriz ing the n ames of the Preside nts arenover quite yet. Adults, too, n eed to recruit a supply of stored knowledge in order to situate and evaluate new information they encoun ter. Youca'Google con test.Last, there's the possibility, in creas in gly terrifyi ng to con template, that our machines will fail us. As Sparrow puts it, The experienee of losing our Internet connection becomes more and more like losing a friend.” If you are going to keep your memory on your smart phone, better make sure ' fully charged.81. Google'seyeglasses are supposed to ____ .A. improve our moneyB. fun cti on like memoryC. help us see faces betterD. work like smart phones82. According to the passage, cognitive habits” refers to _____ .A. how we deal with in formatio nB. functions of huma n memoryC. the amount of in formati onD. the availability of in formatio n83. Which of the followi ng stateme nts about Sparrows research is CORRECT?A. We remember people and things as much as beforeB. We remember more Internet connections tha n beforeC. We pay equal attention to location and content of informationD. We tend to remember locati on rather tha n the core of facts84. What does the author mean by con text”？A. It refers to Ion g-term memoryB. It refers to a new situati onC. It refers to a store of kno wledgeD. It refers to the search engine85. What is the implied message of the author?A. Web conn ecti ons aid our memoryB. People differ in what to rememberC. People n eed to exercise their memoryD. People keep memory on smart phonesTEXT BI was a sec on d-year medical stude nt at the uni versity, and was on my sec ond day of rounds at a nearby hospital. My university ' philosophy was to get students seeing patie nts early in their educatio n. Nice idea, but it overlooked one detail: sec on d-year stude nts know n ext to nothing about medici ne.Assigned to my team that day was attending -a senior faculty member who was there mostly to make patie nts feel they were n't in the hands of amateurs. Many atte ndings were researchers who didnthave much rece nt hospital experie nee. Mine was actually an arthritis specialist. Also along was a reside nt (the real boss, with a staggering mastery of medicine, at least to a rookie likes myself). In addition, there were in terns. These guys were just as gree n as I was, but in a scarier way; they had rece ntly graduated from the medical school, so they were tech ni cally MDs.I bega n the day at 6:30 am. An intern and I did a quick check of our eight patie nts; later, we were to present our findings to the residents and then to the attending. I had three patie nts and the in tern had the other five-piece of cake.But when I arrived in the room of 71-year-old Mr. Adams, he was sitting up in bed, sweating heavily and panting. He'd just had a hip operation and looked terrible. I listened to his lungs with my stethoscope, but they sounded clear. Next I checked the log of his vital sig ns and saw that his respirati on and hear rate had bee n climb ing, but his temperature was steady.It didn 'tseem like heart failure, nor did it appear to be pn eum onia. So I asked Mr. Adams what he thought was going on.ft 'really hot in here, Doc ” he replied.So I attributed his condition to the stuffy room and told him the rest of the team would return in a few hours. He smiled and feebly waved goodbye.At 8:40am, during our team meeting, Code Blue Room 307!” blared from the loudspeaker.I froze.That was Mr. Adams s room.Whe n we arrived, he was moti onl ess.The autops（尸体解剖）later found Mr. Adams had suffered a massive pul monary embolism（肺部栓塞）.A blood clot had formed in his leg, worked its way to his lungs, and cut his breathing capacity in half. His symptoms had been textbook: heavy perspiration and shortness of breath despite clear lungs. The only thing was: I hadnt read that chapter in thetextbook yet. And I was too scared, in secure, and proud to ask a real doctor for help.This mistake has haunted me for nearly 30 years, buwhat' particularly frustrating is that the same medical education system persists. Who knows how many people have died or suffered harm at the hands of stude nts as na?as I, and how many more will?86. Why was the author doing rounds in a hospital?A. He himself wan ted to have practiceB. Stude nts of all majors had to do soC. It was part of his medical trainingD. He was on a research team87. We lear n that the authoisteam members had _.A. some professi onal deficie ncyB. much practical experie neeC. adequate kno wledgeD. long bee n work ing there88. While the author was examining Mr. Adams, all the following symptoms caughthis atte ntion EXCEPT. .A. steady temperatureB. faster heart rateC. breath ing problemD. moving difficulty89. His symptoms had been textbook means that his symptoms were __A. part of the textbookB. expla ined in the textbookC. no Ion ger in the textbookD. rece ntly in eluded in the textbook90. A t the end of the passage, the author expresses about the medical educati on system.A. optimismB. hesitati onC. supportD. concernTEXT CThe war on smoking, now five decades oldcounting, is one of the nation' greatest public health success stories-but not for every one.As a whole, the country has made amazing progress. In 1964, four in ten adults in the US smoked; today fewer than ten in ten do. But some states-Kentucky, South Dakota and Alabama, to name just a few-seem to have missed the messagethat smok ing is deadly.Their failure is the greatest disappointment in an effort to save lives that was started on Jan. 11, 1964, by the first Surge on Gen era' Report on Smok ing and Health. Its finding that smoking is a cause of lung cancer and other diseaseswas major n ews the n. The hazards of smok ing were just starti ng to emerge.The report led to cigarette warning labels, a ban on TV ads and eventually and an ti-smok ing moveme nt that shifted the n atio n' attitude on smok ing. Then, smokers were cool. Today, many are outcasts, rejected by restaura nts, bars, public buildi ngs and eve n their own workplace. Milli ons of lives have bee n saved.The formula for success is no Ion ger guesswork: Adopt tough warmi ng labels, air public service ads, fund smok ing cessati on programs and impose smoke-free laws. But the surest way to preve nt smok ing, particularly among price-se nsitive tee ns, is to raise taxes. If you can stop them from smok ing, youve won the war. Few people start smok ingafter tur ning 19.The real-life evide nee of tax ing power is powerful. The 10 states with the lowest adult smoking rates slap an average tax of $ 2.42 on every pack-three times the average tax in the states with the highest smok ing rates.New York has the highest cigarette tax in the coun try, at $4.35 per pack, and just 12 perce nt of tee ns smoke -ar below the n ati onal average of 18 perce nt. Compare that with Ken tucky, where taxes are low (60 cen ts), smok ing restrictio ns are weak and the teen smoking rate is double New York '. Other low-tax states have similarly dismal records.Enemies of high tobacco taxes cling to the tired argument that they fall disproportionately on the poor. True, but so do the deadly effects of smoking- far worse than a tax. The effect of the taxes is amplified further when the revenue is used to fund in itiatives that help smokers quit or persuade tee ns not to start.An ti-smok ing forces have ple nty to celebrate this week, hav ing helped avoid 9 million premature deaths in the past 50 years. But as long as 3,000 adolescents and teens take their first puff each day, the war is not won.91. What does coun ti ng” mean in the con text?A. I ncludi ngB. Calculati ngC. Relying onD. Con ti nuing92. Accord ing to the con text, Their failure ” refers to .A. those adults who continue to smokeB. those states that missed the messageC. finding of the reportD. hazards of smok ing93. T he following are all efforts that led to the change of attitude on smoking EXCEPTA. cigarette warni ng labelsB. rejectio n by the publicC. an ti-smok ing campaig nsD. an ti-smok ing legislati on94. Accord ing to the author, raisi ng tax on cigarettes .A. is un fair to the poorB. is an effective measureC. in crease public reve nueD. fails to solve the problem95. What is the passage mainly about?A. How to stage an ti-smok ing campaig nsB. The effects of the report on smok ing and healthC. The efforts to cut dow n on tee nage smok ingD. Tax as the surest path to cut smok ingTEXT DAttachme nt Pare nting is not In dulge nt Pare nting. Attachme nt pare nts do no t§poil” their children. Spoiling is done when a child is given everything that they want regardless of what they n eed and regardless of what is practical. I ndulge nt pare nts gives toys for tantrums（发脾气）,ice cream for breakfast. Attachment parents don't give their children everything that they want, they give their children everything that they n eed. Attachme nt pare nts believe that love and comfort are free and n ecessary. Not sweets or toys.Attachment parenting is not afraid of tears' parenting. Our kids cry. The difference is that we understand that tantrums and tears come from emotions and not man ipulatio n. And our childre n un dersta nd this too. They cry and have tan trums sometimes, of cause. But they do this becausetheir emoti ons are so overwhel ming that they need to get it out. Theydo not expect to be rewarded" for their strong n egative emoti ons; they simply expect that we will liste n. We pick up our babies whe n they cry, and we resp ond to the tears of our older childre n because we believe firmly that comfort is free, love is free, and that whe n a child has n eed for comfort and love, it is our job to provide those thin gs. We are not afraid of tears. We don 'avoid them. We hold our children through them and teach them that when they are hurt or frustrated we are here to comfort them and help them work through their emoti ons.Attachment parenting is not Clingy Parenting. I do not cling to my children. In fact, I "m pretty free-range. As soon as they can move they usually move away from me and let me set up a chase as they crawl, r un, skip and hop on their merry way to explore the world. Sure, I carry them and hug them and chase them and kiss them and rock them sleep with them. But this is not me following them everywhere and pulling them back to me. This is me being a home base. The attachmen” comes from their being allowed to attach to us, not from us attaching to them like parental leeches.Attachment parenting is not Selfish Parenting. I donthover. I supervise, I follow, I teach, I dem on strate, I expla in. I don't slap curious hands away. I show how to do things safety. I let my child do the things that my child wishes to do, first with help and the n with supervisi on and fin ally with trust. I don 'ti nsist that my 23 month old hold my hand where we walk on the sidewalk because I know that I can recall him with my voice because he trusts me to allow him to explore and he trusts me to explain when something is dangerous and to help him satisfy his curiosities safely.Most of the negative thing that I hear about attachment parent§ are completely off-base and describe something that is entirely unlike Attachment parenting. Attachment parenting is child-centric and focuses on the needs of the child. Children n eed structure, rules, and boun daries, Attachme nt pare nts simply believe that the child and the pare nt are allies, not adversaries. And that childre n are taught, not train ed.96. What makes attachment parents different from indulgent parents is thatthey ____ .A. show more love to their childre nB. thi nk love is more importa ntC. prefer both love and toys in pare nti ngD. dislike ice cream or sweets97. Accord ing to the author, what should pare nts do when their kids cry?A. Reward ing kids with toysB. Trying to stop kids cryingC. Holding them till they stopD. Provid ing comfort and love98. What dose free-rang6' mean according to the passage?A. Willi ng to give kids freedom of moveme ntB. Ready to play games with my kidsC. Curious to watch what games they playD. Fond of provid ing a home base99. Which of the followi ng is NOT attachi ng pare nti ng?A. Fosteri ng their curiosityB. Help ing them do the right thingC. Show ing them how thi ngs are doneD. Standing by and protect ing。
2015考研英语一真题及答案解析
2015考研英语一真题及答案解析2015年考研英语一真题及答案解析2015年的考研英语一真题是众多考生备考过程中的重要参考资料之一。
考研英语作为考试的重要科目，对考生的英语综合能力有着较高的要求。
以下将对2015年考研英语一真题及答案解析进行详细分析，帮助考生更好地理解和掌握考试内容。
真题分析2015年考研英语一真题由阅读理解、完形填空和翻译三个部分组成。
下面将对各个部分进行分析：阅读理解部分阅读理解部分包含了三篇文章，分别涉及文化类、科技类和社会生活类话题。
考生需要通过阅读理解文章内容，回答相关问题。
此部分主要考察考生的阅读理解能力和对文章隐含意思的理解。
完形填空部分完形填空部分由一篇短文组成，主要考察考生对文章整体的理解能力。
考生需要根据文章的语境和上下文的提示，在空白处选择最佳答案，完成短文的阅读。
翻译部分翻译部分要求考生将一段英文短文翻译成中文。
此部分考察考生的英语翻译能力和语言表达能力。
考生需要准确地理解原文的含义，并用流畅准确的中文表达出来。
答案解析阅读理解部分的答案解析主要涉及对文章中问题的分析和解答。
考生需要仔细阅读每个问题，并结合文章的内容找到正确答案的依据。
对于涉及推理和判断的问题，考生需要在理解文章的基础上，进行合理的分析推断。
完形填空部分的答案解析主要涉及对短文整体的理解和上下文的推断。
考生需要从文章的语境和逻辑关系出发，判断空白处最佳答案的逻辑连贯性和连贯性。
翻译部分的答案解析主要涉及对翻译的准确性和表达能力的评价。
考生需要尽量准确地表达原文的含义，并注意语法和语言的表达方式，力求用流畅准确的中文表达出英文原文的含义。
总结2015年考研英语一真题及答案解析是考生备考过程中必不可少的参考资料。
通过对真题的分析和解析，考生可以更好地理解考试内容，提高解题能力和应试技巧。
同时，需要考生注重对英语阅读理解和翻译能力的培养，不断提高自己的英语综合能力，以取得优异的考试成绩。
2015年考研英语一真题答案(完整版)
2015年考研英语一真题答案（完整版）一.Close test1、What2、Concluded3、On4、Compared5、Samples6、Insignificant7、Know8、Resemble9、Also10、Perhaps11、To12、Drive13、Ratherthan14、Benefits15、Faster16、understand17、Contributory18、Tendency19、Ethnic20、seeII Reading comprehensionPart A21.Dendedhisreigninembarrassment.22.Cowingtotheundoubtedandrespectablestatus23.Atheroleofthenobilityinmoderndemocracy24.Bfailstochangehislifestyleasadvised.25.DCarlos,alessonforallMonarchieshecksuspect'sphonecontentswithoutbeingauthorized.27.Adisapproval28.Agettingintoone'sresidenceitizens'privacyisnoteffectivelyprotected30.Bnewtechnologyrequiresreinterpretationoftheconstitution31.Bjournalsarestrengtheningtheirstatisticalchecks32.Bmarked33.Dsetanexampleforotherjournals34.Chasroomforfurtherimprovement35.AsciencejoinsPushtoscreenstatisticsinpapers36.Dtheconsequencesofthecurrentsortingmechanism37.Amorejournalistsmaybefoundguiltyofphonehacking38.Cwashardlyconvincing39.Bgenerallydistortedvalues40.DmoralawarenessmattersineditinganewspaperPart B41.Cifyouareunfamiliar...42.Eyoumakefurtherinferences...43.D Rather ,we ascribe meanings to...44.Bfactorssuchas...45.Aarewestudyingthat ...Part C46)在多种强大的动机驱动下，这次运动在一片荒野上建起了一个国家，其本身塑造了一个未知大陆的性格和命运。