Chapter 3 ppt
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英语:Chapter 3《Troubles》课件(1)(牛津深圳版七年级上)

No, they didn’t.
C1: Find the words and choose the best meanings:
C Find the meanings
1 arguing a speaking noisily and angrily b hating someone 2 held out a took out b got out 3 aboard a onto a ship or boat b onto a piece of wood 4 to report a to give information about sth. b to do sth. important 5 a theft a the crime of taking someone away b the crime of stealing sth.
A
Dear Kurt exciting thing happened to us. My father Yesterday, an (1)_______ ferry and I waited for the (2)_____. Two women tourists and a arguing man began (3)______. One woman told my (4)_______ that three men (5)_____ her (6)______. Twopurse of the men (7) father stole ____ away. The woman and her friend (8)_______ the ran followed other man onto the ferry. My father and I did not get on the ferry. He hurried to an ice cream shop and quickly phoned the (9)_______. police He asked them to (10)_____ meet the ferry when it arrived. We went across the river on the (11)_____ next ferry. The police got there in time! The man was in(12)_________. handcuffs my father helped those women. He was really great. Write and tell me your news, Kurt. Best wishes Paul
C1: Find the words and choose the best meanings:
C Find the meanings
1 arguing a speaking noisily and angrily b hating someone 2 held out a took out b got out 3 aboard a onto a ship or boat b onto a piece of wood 4 to report a to give information about sth. b to do sth. important 5 a theft a the crime of taking someone away b the crime of stealing sth.
A
Dear Kurt exciting thing happened to us. My father Yesterday, an (1)_______ ferry and I waited for the (2)_____. Two women tourists and a arguing man began (3)______. One woman told my (4)_______ that three men (5)_____ her (6)______. Twopurse of the men (7) father stole ____ away. The woman and her friend (8)_______ the ran followed other man onto the ferry. My father and I did not get on the ferry. He hurried to an ice cream shop and quickly phoned the (9)_______. police He asked them to (10)_____ meet the ferry when it arrived. We went across the river on the (11)_____ next ferry. The police got there in time! The man was in(12)_________. handcuffs my father helped those women. He was really great. Write and tell me your news, Kurt. Best wishes Paul
英语文体学-Chapter-3-Varieties-of-LanguagePPT课件

Reflecting
the personal relationships between speaker/writer and hearer/reader
What the user is trying to do with language for/to his/her addressee(s)
Personal tenor—degrees of formality Functional tenor—intention of the user in
using the language
14
3.3 Registers
3.3.4 The notion of register
Interrelation among field, mode and tenors of discourse
regional, social and standard aspects
Diatypic varieties — registers
Associated with different language use Depending on different types of occasions Three dimensions: field, mode, and tenor of
discourse
5
3.2 Dialects
3.2.1 Individual dialect — Idiolect
One’s own features of speech/writing habits Voice quality Pitch & stress patterns Lexical items Grammatical structures ---- xx’s language/style
the personal relationships between speaker/writer and hearer/reader
What the user is trying to do with language for/to his/her addressee(s)
Personal tenor—degrees of formality Functional tenor—intention of the user in
using the language
14
3.3 Registers
3.3.4 The notion of register
Interrelation among field, mode and tenors of discourse
regional, social and standard aspects
Diatypic varieties — registers
Associated with different language use Depending on different types of occasions Three dimensions: field, mode, and tenor of
discourse
5
3.2 Dialects
3.2.1 Individual dialect — Idiolect
One’s own features of speech/writing habits Voice quality Pitch & stress patterns Lexical items Grammatical structures ---- xx’s language/style
外交学(第三版)PPT chapter3 外交制度

• 地位,就是在其接受国中正式代表其派遣国
外交学(第三版)
第三章外交制度
3.3外交机构
领事馆
新编21世纪政治学系列教材·国际政治系列
领事馆的特点
• 领事馆的主要职能是保护其派遣国及其国民的商业与经济上的利益,并负责 处理与其相关的各项具体业务。
• 领事馆的设立并不以大使馆的设立为前提。 • 领事馆的具体职能只能够在其管辖的领区之内得以行使。
• 各国国家元首在本国的对外关系上是国家的最高代表。在本国宪法 所正式规定的范围内,国家元首通常代表国家。因此,国家元首在 国际交往中,一向都被看作其国家的代表。
政府
• 政府,即国家行政机关,它实际上是一国权力机关的执行机构。根 据国际法的规定,作为一国外交领导机构的政府,在此特指各国的 中央政府。
外交学(第三版)
新编21世纪政治学系列教材·国际政治系列
外交学(第三版)
金正昆著
外交学(第三版)
第三章外交制度
3.1外交准则
传统的外交准则
新编21世纪政治学系列教材·国际政治系列
主权平等
和平解决国 际争端
共同同意
恪守诺言
外交学(第三版)
第三章外交制度
3.1外交准则
新编21世纪政治学系列教材·国际政治系列
领事馆的地位
• 领事馆具有无可置疑的官方地位。 • 领事馆依然是派遣国的重要代表。 • 领事馆可以进行实质性的外交活动。
外交学(第三版)
新编21世纪政治学系列教材·国际政治系列
THANKS!
基本特征
• 其一,外交机构是一种常设的机关或部门。 • 其二,外交机构是一种主要负责办理本国外交事务
的部门。 • 其三,外交机构是一种官方机构。 • 其四,外交机构是一种各国所普遍设置的职能机构。
外交学(第三版)
第三章外交制度
3.3外交机构
领事馆
新编21世纪政治学系列教材·国际政治系列
领事馆的特点
• 领事馆的主要职能是保护其派遣国及其国民的商业与经济上的利益,并负责 处理与其相关的各项具体业务。
• 领事馆的设立并不以大使馆的设立为前提。 • 领事馆的具体职能只能够在其管辖的领区之内得以行使。
• 各国国家元首在本国的对外关系上是国家的最高代表。在本国宪法 所正式规定的范围内,国家元首通常代表国家。因此,国家元首在 国际交往中,一向都被看作其国家的代表。
政府
• 政府,即国家行政机关,它实际上是一国权力机关的执行机构。根 据国际法的规定,作为一国外交领导机构的政府,在此特指各国的 中央政府。
外交学(第三版)
新编21世纪政治学系列教材·国际政治系列
外交学(第三版)
金正昆著
外交学(第三版)
第三章外交制度
3.1外交准则
传统的外交准则
新编21世纪政治学系列教材·国际政治系列
主权平等
和平解决国 际争端
共同同意
恪守诺言
外交学(第三版)
第三章外交制度
3.1外交准则
新编21世纪政治学系列教材·国际政治系列
领事馆的地位
• 领事馆具有无可置疑的官方地位。 • 领事馆依然是派遣国的重要代表。 • 领事馆可以进行实质性的外交活动。
外交学(第三版)
新编21世纪政治学系列教材·国际政治系列
THANKS!
基本特征
• 其一,外交机构是一种常设的机关或部门。 • 其二,外交机构是一种主要负责办理本国外交事务
的部门。 • 其三,外交机构是一种官方机构。 • 其四,外交机构是一种各国所普遍设置的职能机构。
(国际经济学课件)chapter03The Ricardian Model

H and F will specialize in the production of cheese, there will be no wine production, so that the relative supply of cheese will be become infinite.
partial equilibrium analysis
opportunity cost
nontraded goods production possibility frontier
pauper labor argument
unit labor requirement
relative supply/demand curve
(ⅳ)Trade in a one-factor world
PC/PW
a *LC/a*LW
RS
a LC/aLW
RD
2021/1/13
(L/aLC)/(L*/a*LW) (QC+Q*C)/(QW+Q*W)
1.PC/PW< aLC/aLW < a*LC /a*LW
The supply of cheese equals to zero.
2021/1/13
据经济之声《天下财经》报道,美国经济和政策研究 中心主任德安·贝克尔介绍,在中国,工人的工资大约为 每小时2到3美元,几年前则为不到1美元。而在美国,大 约每小时为18到20美元。中美制造业工资水平相差9倍, 但是未来差距将缩小。
2021/1/13
Main Contents:
• Introduction • The Concept of Comparative Advantage • A One-Factor Economy • Trade in a One-Factor World • Comparative Advantage with Many Goods • Adding Transport Costs and Nontraded
partial equilibrium analysis
opportunity cost
nontraded goods production possibility frontier
pauper labor argument
unit labor requirement
relative supply/demand curve
(ⅳ)Trade in a one-factor world
PC/PW
a *LC/a*LW
RS
a LC/aLW
RD
2021/1/13
(L/aLC)/(L*/a*LW) (QC+Q*C)/(QW+Q*W)
1.PC/PW< aLC/aLW < a*LC /a*LW
The supply of cheese equals to zero.
2021/1/13
据经济之声《天下财经》报道,美国经济和政策研究 中心主任德安·贝克尔介绍,在中国,工人的工资大约为 每小时2到3美元,几年前则为不到1美元。而在美国,大 约每小时为18到20美元。中美制造业工资水平相差9倍, 但是未来差距将缩小。
2021/1/13
Main Contents:
• Introduction • The Concept of Comparative Advantage • A One-Factor Economy • Trade in a One-Factor World • Comparative Advantage with Many Goods • Adding Transport Costs and Nontraded
CHAPTER 3第三章

How to write to the company you wish to contact for the first time?
(1)the source of your information. ) (2)your intention ) (3)your business scope ) ( 4 ) the reference as to your firm’s financial position and integrity. (5)your expectation )
Where to find the company you want to deal with?
(1)Overseas Chamber of Commerce ) 海外商会 ( 2 ) The Economic and Commercial Counselor’s Office of the Embassy of People’s Republic of China in Foreign Countries 中国驻外商务参赞处 (3) Your branch offices abroad ) (4) Directories ) 贸易行的行名录
CHAPTER 3
Establishing Business Relations 建立业务关系
INTRODUCING BUSINESS OPERATION
Dear Sirs, RE: TABLE-CLOTH We have your name and address from the Commercial Councilor's Office of Chinese Embassy in Pakistan. We take this opportunity to write to you with a view to set up friend business relations with you. We are a state-owned company dealing specially with the export of table-cloth. We are in a position to accept orders according to the customer's samples. In the customer's samples, request about the assorted pattern, specification and package of the needed goods can be indicated particularly.
高鸿业西方经济学微观部分第五版-chapter3-效用理论.ppt

X1
28
边际替代率递减规律 Y • 边际替代率递减是 边际效用递减在无 差异分析中的具体 表现。
X 在水平距离相同时, 垂直距离越来越短。
29
• 商品的边际替代率递减规律是指:在维持效用 水平不变的前提下,随着一种商品消费数量的 连续增加,消费者为得到每一单位的这种商品 所需要放弃的另一种商品的消费数量是递减的。
C.保持不变
D.以上均不正确
12、边际替代率MRSXY递减时,MUx和MUy必定( )
A.递增
B.递减
C. MUx递减,MUy递增 D. MUx递增,MUy递减
36
(二)预算线 Budget Line
1、含义 又称为预算约束线、消费可能线或价格线。 它表示在消费者收入和商品价格既定的条件下, 消费者的全部收入所能购买到的两种商品的不同 数量的各种组合。 2、表达式 以I表示消费者的既定收入,两种商品分别为X1和X2,
眼镜架
无差异曲线为直角形状。 2 平行于横轴时边际替代
率MRS12=0
1
垂直于横轴时边际替代 率MRS12= ∞
0
小练习:P96-3
U1 U2
1 2 3 4 眼镜片 完全互补品
32
• 练习 1、在商品空间存在无数条无差异曲线是因为消费者收入
水平时高时低。 2、无差异曲线的形状取决于( ) A.消费者收入 B.所购商品的价格 C.消费者偏好 D.商品效用水平的大小 3、消费者的偏好保持不变时,消费者的()也保持不变。 A.均衡点 B.满足 C.所喜爱的两种商品的无差异曲线 D.购买商品数量 4、如果无差异曲线相交,那么( ) A.边际替代率递减规律的假设不成立 B.偏好一定违反了完备性的假设 C.偏好一定违反了传递性的假设 D.以上说法都正确
chapter-03

起的质量损失 高光度恒星通常有很强的星 风~10−6−10−4 M⊙yr−1 如沃尔夫-拉叶(WR)星。 演化过程 O型星→蓝超巨星→(红超巨 星)→WR星→Ib/Ic型超新星 →中子星/黑洞
Nebula M1-67 around star WR124
小结
不同初始质量恒星的演化结局
3. 超新星 (Supernovae) 和超新星遗迹 (Supernova Remnants) II/Ib/Ic型超新星—高质量恒星在演化末态发生的 剧烈爆炸。
星系M 51中的SN 1991T
特征:
光度L~107-1010 L⊙, Lf /Li ~ 108 爆发能E~1047-1052 ergs(其 中 中 微 子占 99% ,动 能占 1% ,可见光辐射占0.01%) 膨胀速度v~103-104 kms-1
不同质量主序星的演化时标
M (M⊙) tn (yr) 30 2×106 15 107 1.0 1010 0.5 6×1010
主序星的内部化学 组成的变化
随着核反应的进行,核 心区的H元素丰度逐渐 减小,直至枯竭,全部 转变成He。
演化路径 (Evolutionary Track)
核反应4 H → 4He →核心区粒子数n↓→Pc↓ → 核心收缩R c↓ R → 核心区温度Tc↑,核反应 产能率ε↑ → 光度L↑ → 包层压力P↑ → 恒星半径R↑ 主序带:主序星从核心H 燃烧开始到结束在H-R图 上占据的带状区域
(2) 热时标 (thermal timescale) 恒星辐射自身热能的时间,或光子从恒星内部到 达表面的时间。 tth = (0.5GM2/R)/L ≈ (2×107 yr) (M/M⊙)2 (R/R⊙)−1 (L/L⊙)−1 (3) 动力学时标 (dynamical timescale) 如果恒星的内部压力突然消失,在引力作用下恒 星坍缩的时间。 td = R/V ≈ (R3/GM)1/2 ≈ (27 min) (R/R⊙)3/2(M/M⊙)−1/2
Nebula M1-67 around star WR124
小结
不同初始质量恒星的演化结局
3. 超新星 (Supernovae) 和超新星遗迹 (Supernova Remnants) II/Ib/Ic型超新星—高质量恒星在演化末态发生的 剧烈爆炸。
星系M 51中的SN 1991T
特征:
光度L~107-1010 L⊙, Lf /Li ~ 108 爆发能E~1047-1052 ergs(其 中 中 微 子占 99% ,动 能占 1% ,可见光辐射占0.01%) 膨胀速度v~103-104 kms-1
不同质量主序星的演化时标
M (M⊙) tn (yr) 30 2×106 15 107 1.0 1010 0.5 6×1010
主序星的内部化学 组成的变化
随着核反应的进行,核 心区的H元素丰度逐渐 减小,直至枯竭,全部 转变成He。
演化路径 (Evolutionary Track)
核反应4 H → 4He →核心区粒子数n↓→Pc↓ → 核心收缩R c↓ R → 核心区温度Tc↑,核反应 产能率ε↑ → 光度L↑ → 包层压力P↑ → 恒星半径R↑ 主序带:主序星从核心H 燃烧开始到结束在H-R图 上占据的带状区域
(2) 热时标 (thermal timescale) 恒星辐射自身热能的时间,或光子从恒星内部到 达表面的时间。 tth = (0.5GM2/R)/L ≈ (2×107 yr) (M/M⊙)2 (R/R⊙)−1 (L/L⊙)−1 (3) 动力学时标 (dynamical timescale) 如果恒星的内部压力突然消失,在引力作用下恒 星坍缩的时间。 td = R/V ≈ (R3/GM)1/2 ≈ (27 min) (R/R⊙)3/2(M/M⊙)−1/2
国际商务PPTChapter03

Similarly, a culture can embrace several nations. e.g. The Islamic society or culture is shared by many different nations in the Middle East, Asia, and Africa.
and network of interpersonal contacts; competition between individuals less ability to build
teams to perform collective tasks.
3-14
Individuals And Groups
There may be a relationship between the culture and the cost of doing business in a country or region.
Culture is not static. – MNEs can contribute to cultural change. (Western fast-food companies)
While all societies are stratified to some extent, they differ by: the degree of mobility between social strata the significance attached to social strata in business
Societies differ in terms of the degree to which the group is viewed as the primary means of social organization.
and network of interpersonal contacts; competition between individuals less ability to build
teams to perform collective tasks.
3-14
Individuals And Groups
There may be a relationship between the culture and the cost of doing business in a country or region.
Culture is not static. – MNEs can contribute to cultural change. (Western fast-food companies)
While all societies are stratified to some extent, they differ by: the degree of mobility between social strata the significance attached to social strata in business
Societies differ in terms of the degree to which the group is viewed as the primary means of social organization.
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types of advertising
In marketing, type of advertising refers to the primary “focus” of the message being sent and falls into one of the following four categories: Product-Oriented Advertising, which clearly promote a specific product to a targeted audience. Image advertising, which is undertaken primarily to enhance an organization’s perceived importance to a target market. Advocacy Advertising, which is intended to communicate a viewpoint about a controversial topic relating to the social, political, or economic environment. Public Service Advertising, whose message concerns an issue viewed as for the “greater good” of society.
Advertising vs. Publicity (1)
• “Advertising you pay for, publicity you pray for.” • Both advertising and publicity are very effective methods to promote and create positive awareness for a product, but there is a clear difference between the two: • Advertising is something you get by paying for it. Publicity however, is something you hope you'll get. • In other words, advertising is content you pay for (radio, TV, newspaper, banner advertising, etc). Publicity on the other hand, refers to free content about you and your company that appears in the media.
• Do you agree with the above statement? Why or why not?
A guessing game
What are they?
• Shampoo, a Spanish supermarket, Sony Micro Vault Tiny (USB flash disk )
•
•
• •
Advertising – media
• The media used by advertisers are many and various, including : radio, directories, exhibition, mail shots, public transport, billboards, poster, cinema, TV, leaflets, etc. • There is a major cultural shift occurring in how people use media for entertainment, news and information. Many traditional media outlets, such as newspapers and major commercial television networks, are seeing their customer base eroded by the emergence of new media outlets.
• The Internet has become the major driver of this change. For marketers these new technologies should be monitored closely as they become accepted alternatives to traditional media outlets. While these technologies are currently not major outlets for advertising, they may soon offer such opportunity.
Advertising vs. Publicity (2)
• Advertising is something you get by paying for it. Publicity, however, is something you hope you'll get. It's what others say about you. • Publicity can result when an article you write is published, or when information you give to an editor convinces him/her to feature a story about you or is based on a publicity release issued by a Public Relations firm you have retained. Over time, these stories help create a favorable impression of your product or services.
Two pre-reading questions
• Please look at the title of the text: The Dilemma of Creative Advertising In your opinion: • What is creative advertising? • What may be the dilemma of creative advertisers?
• As these technologies gain momentum and move into mainstream acceptance marketers may need to consider shifting advertising spending. Marketers should also be aware that new media outlets will continue to emerge as new applications are developed. The bottom line for marketers is they must stay informed of new developments and understand how their customers are using these in ways that may offer advertising opportunities.
• • • • What is advertising? What are the main functions of advertising? What are the different types of advertising? What the traditional media used by advertisers? Are there any new options? • What is difference between advertising and publicity?
Advertising-definition
• By definition, advertising refers to the nonpersonal form of promotion that is delivered through selected media outlets that, under most circumstances, require the marketer to pay for message placement.
Chapter 3 Advertising and Publicity
A warmer
• “Advertising is the greatest art form of the twentieth century.” --- Marshall McLuhan (1911-1980),Canadian author
– At the beginning of production, advertising will inform people what a product is like, where they can get it and how much it costs. – Later, it is necessary to persuade the people to keep on buying or attract new customers to buy.
Reading for gist
advertising - main functions
• The core functions of advertising can be briefly summarized as follows: to persuade customers to buy a certain product by getting their attention.