上海市继光高级中学2014年高考英语新题型练习(冲刺精编) 02[ 高考]
高中英语真题-2014高考英语阅读理解、完形填空二轮精品训练(2)含答案
高中英语真题:2014高考英语阅读理解、完形填空二轮精品训练（2）含答案In late March, Southwest University became the first school in China to open a 24-hour hotline providing suicide-prevention counseling．College suicide is a heart-breaking and controversial topic．Chinese college students hav e long been the focus of public attention: their youth, education and．most importantly, bright futures make them the envy of so ciety．However, in recent years, we've read more reports of student s uicides．Perhaps that's simply because of society's attention wi th youth．But it could also signify the increasing troubled menta l state of young people．Many studies have sought to find out the causes of student suic ides．Not surprisingly, the top factors usually include psycholog ical and physical sickness, emotional trouble and peer pressure ． Despair about their futures is also quickly becoming a leadin g factor: many students say they feel hopeless and confused about the direction of their careers in a crowded job market．Thankfully, more and more universities and colleges are providi ng counseling services to address students' mental and psychol ogical problems．These at least offer some comfort to students facing tough job prospects and personal difficulties．From appointing in-house student counselors to setting up hotlines and recruiting st udents to help their troubled peers, many universities are makin g efforts to fight student depression．There is no denying that much remains to be done, but such efforts are already working, helping students and saving lives．However, the most important front in this battle lies with the stu dents themselves．Whatever efforts school officials make, it is up to students to realize their problems and ask help．Unfortun ately, many students considering suicide refuse to seek help．By shutting themselves away, they can easily fall into vicious cy cles （恶性循环） , becoming even more easily hurt to personal difficulties a nd the pressures of the outside world．While establishing better on-campus psychological education and outreach programs as a st ep forward, students themselves must actively reach out for hel p．These dangers are a reality for every student, not only thosewho feel confused and depressed．53．Why are there so many students that commit suicide?A．Because of psychological and physical sickness．B．Because they feel hopeless and confused about their future ．C．Because of the emotional trouble．D．All of the above．54．According to the article, all of the following are right except _ __．A．No university in China had a whole day hotline providing sui cide-prevention counseling before March．B．Many people envy the college students their bright futures ．C．The students who feel confused and "depressed may have psychological problems and need psychological education．D．The problems of student suicides indicate the increasing tro ubled mental state of young people．55．The key to avoid student suicides is that ___．A．parents communicate with their children and understand the m．B．colleges and universities oner more help to students．C．students themselves realize their problems and seek help fr om others．D．friends give more comfort and show more understanding to the problem students．56．Which of the following can be the best title for the article?A．Help is at hand for suicidal students．B．More college students commit suicide．C．How can students avoid committing suicide?D．Why do college students feel depressed?***************************************************结束I told my friend Graham that I often cycle two miles from my ho use to the town centre but unfortunately there is a big hill on the route．He replied, "You mean fortunately．"He explained that I should be glad of the extra exercise that the hill provided．My attitude to the hill has now changed．I used to grumble as I approached it but now I tell myself the following．This hill will e xercise my heart and lungs．It will help me to lose weight and g et fit．It will mean that I live longer．This hill is my friend．Final ly I comfort myself with the thought of all those silly people who pay money to go to a gym and sit on stationery exercise bicycle s when I call get the same value for free．I have a smile of sati sfaction as I reach the top of the hill．Problems are there to be faced and overcome．We cannot achi eve anything with an easy life．Helen Keller was the first deaf a nd blind person to gain a university degree．Her activism and writing proved inspirational．She wrote?" Character cannot be developed in ease and quiet．Only through experiences of trial and suffering can the soul be strengthened, vision cleared, amb ition inspired and success achieved．"One of the main determinants of success in life is our attitude to wards adversity (逆境）．From time to time we all face hardships, problems, accid ents, afflictions and difficulties．Some are of our making but many confront us through no fault of our own．While we cannot ch oose the adversity we can choose our attitude towards it．Douglas Bader was 21 when in 1931 he had both legs cut off fo llowing a flying accident．He was deter-mined to fly again and went on to become one of the leading flyi ng aces in the Battle of Britain with 22 aerial victories over the Germans．He was an inspiration to others during the war．He said, "Don't listen to any-one who tells you that you can't do this or that．That's nonsens e．Make up your mind, you'll never use crutches（拐杖）or a stick, then have a go at everything．Go to school, join in all the games you can．Go anywhere you want to．But never, ne ver let them persuade you that things are too difficult or impossi ble．"The biographies （传记） of great people are full of examples of how they took steps to overcome the difficulties they faced．The common thread is that they did not become depressed．They chose their attitude ．They chose to be positive．They took on the challenge．The y won．Nevertheless, there is still the problem of how you change your attitude towards adversity．57．Which of the following is true according to the author of the passage?A．Climbing hills on bicycles is the best way to fake exercise．B．People are silly to pay to go to the gym．C．Those who want to achieve success cant expect to live all e asy life．D．People's attitude towards adversity is the only factor that de termines whether they will succeed．58．By quoting what Douglas Bader said, the author intends to tell us"________．"A．Failure is the mother of Success．B．A fall into the pit, a gain in your wit．C．If you venture nothing, you will have nothing．D．Nothing is difficult to the man who will try．59．Following this passage, the author will further talk about___ __．A．how his friend helped him to change his attitude towards theadversity he facedB．what steps to take to change your attitude towards the adve rsity you faceC．what great people have in commonD．why it is important to keep optimistic in face of adversity 60．Which of the following can best function as the title of the p assage?A．Face adversity with a smile B．Different attitud es towards adversityC．Nothing is impossible D．Life is full of adver sity参考答案*****************************************************************结束Learn to Meet ChallengesMy classmates called me “the alien”，and they avoided me like the plague(瘟疫)．As a young boy，I __1__ from a serious skin disease，which filled my arms with scars.The true __2__ of my condition ，however，was social：I lived a life of loneliness.Doctors predicted that I would never fully recover，but my parents encouraged me to hope for the future，teaching me that any difficulties could be overcome.I therefore t ook a/an __3__ role in fighting against my disease，trying many medications and herbs，and my health __4__greatly before I graduated.I realized that m y personal __5__ had led to this improvement.I regained selfcon fidence and made many friends at school.Years later，__6__ my personal battle against disease，I learned a great deal about __7__ by overcoming difficulties.I joined the Culture Club as a Special Event Director.I __8__ a g roup of six students in organizing various activities.I was the mo st advanced ESL student among the group，so I considered myself the most capable.But I quickly learned m y __9__，while preparing for our first presentation，I was __10__ with my team members and often rejected their __ 11__.I performed most of their tasks myself，allowing them to __12__ me only with small details.As a result，the presentation was not very successful.The setback __13__ m e，and I spoke of it to the club’s director.She responded that she _ _14__ my ability to succeed in the future.This comment filled m e with __15__，for I realized that I had never trusted my own team members.__ 16__ they were weak in English，they had many valuable talents.I immediately __17__ my policy ，allowing my team members to choose the tasks they desired an d to complete them on their own.For our program，we had many meetings，which gave __18__ to many good ideas.Most importantly，the atmosphere among us improved dramatically.We were __19 __ and eager to devote time to the program，and I learned what true leadership is.My experiences __20__ improved my ability to handle challengi ng situations.1．A.judged B．sufferedC．prevented D．protected2．A.pain B．sign C．value D．meaning3．A.important B．different C．leading D．active4．A.developed B．improvedC．increased D．removed5．A.joy B．goal C．will D．life6．A.over B．like C．forD．in7．A.ability B．quality C．leadership D．friendship8．A.taught B．found C．managed D．followed9．A.mistake B．method C．effort D．right10．A.satisfied B．familiar C．patient D．strict11．A.desires B．talents C．ideas D．tasks12．A.remind B．guideC．show D．help13．A.discouraged B．disturbedC．encouraged D．educated14．A.adopted B．admired C．trusted D．tested15．A.surprise B．delight C．pride D．hope16．A.As B．If C．Because D．Although17．A.deleted B．changedC．regretted D．considered18．A.birth B．hand C．gift D．rise19．A.crazy B．happy C．successful D．independent20．A.instantly B．indirectlyC．unusually D．undoubtedly参考答案1．B 2．A 3．D 4．B 5．C6．B 7．C 8．C 9．A 10．D11．C 12．D 13．A 14．C 15．A16．D 17．B 18．A 19．B 20．D*********************************************************结束高考预练单项选择1．(2012·山东省实验中学诊断)—Is Tony the student awarded at the graduation ceremony in you r class?—There is __________ Tony，but I’m afraid he isn’t __________ one you mentioned. A．the；the B．a；aC．/；the D．a；the解析：选D。
上海英语高考语法新题型(附答案)
上海英语高考语法新题型(附答案)高考英语（上海）语法新题型2014年上海高考英语新题型语法填空专练及解题技巧解“语法填空”题的一般步骤：一、浏览全文把握语篇浏览全文的目的是把握其大意，为下一步“填空”做好“语义”上的准备，因为“语义”决定着空白处应填一个什么意思的词语并采用什么样的语法形式。
在通读全文的过程中，为较好地把握其大意，很有必要弄清该文的体裁、题材（语题）、中心思想、写作主线、段落大意、段落层次等。
这些有利于考生真正读懂全文大意，也有利于在“填空”时进行必要的逻辑推理。
二、边读边填先易后难在通读全文，基本了解文章大意之后，就可以动手填空了。
填空的过程是一个判断空白处应填词语的“语义”（已给出词语的除外）和正确的语法“形式”的思维过程。
遇到一时想不起来的空，先跳过去，等检查时再仔细对付，不要用太多的时间停留在一个单词上。
三、验证复查清除难点有时间的话，进行复查是必要的。
复查的方法是：将所有答案“填进”短文并进行通读，以最后确定答案。
另外，一题多解也是此种题型常遇到的问题之一。
Directions: Read the following two passages. Fill in each blank with one proper word or the proper form of the given word to make the passage coherent. Make sure that your answers are grammatically correct.(A)There is a photo hanging above my desk. Whenever I look at that photograph, it takes me back to those early years 25 every new experience was important for me.I can still remember the shouts of the spectators as I 26 (go) out onto the sports field with my classmates. Two days 27 (early). I had qualified for the finals of the 100 metres. Now 28 (look)around, I was determined to win.While I was walking across to the start, I began to feel more and more nervous. I looked around and saw my proud parents waving enthusiastically. My heart was beating fast when I lined up with the other eager competitors. I look some deep breaths and waited for the signal. Then the starting signal 29 (give) and I set off down the track.I ran as fast as I could, not looking at anything but the finishing line. By the time I crossed the line, I was so exhausted that I 30 hardly breathe. As soon as I heard the result 31 (announce), I realized I had won! Overjoyed, I collapsed on the soft grass with a broad smile on my face.“Well done!”said the Headmaster later, as I was presented with the winner’s certificate. I had never felt so happy and proud in my life.(B)One of the first questions young children ask is “Why?”It is human nature to want 32 (find) out why things are the way they are. You can find out “Why”by turning the question into a hypothesis (假设) for 33 experiment.34 example, suppose you have been trying to grow tomato plants, but insects keep destroying35 . Someone tells you that 36 (put) large strips of colored cloth around the plants will keep insects away. Your question might be “Do certain colours of cloth keep insects away?”Then you’d begin your experiment. The first step would be to place different-colored strips of cloth around all of the plants except one. Then, as regular intervals, you would observe and record and note 37 the plant had any insect damage or not.This experiment may prove that the answer to your question is “No, it is not different-colored strips of cloth 38 keep away insects.”Or you may find that answer is “Yes, certain insects are kept away by blue cloth, but not yellow cloth.” ......39 you have found, you are well on your way to understanding how you can use scientific thinking to solve a problem in you own life.Keys: (A) 25. when 26. went 27. earlier 28. looking 29. was given 30. could 31. announced (B) 32. to find 33. an 34. For 35. them 36. putting 37. whether 38. that 39. WhateverRead the following passage. For some blanks, there is a word given in the brackets. Fill in each of these blanks with the proper form of the given word. Fill in the other blanks with words that are高考英语（上海）语法新题型correct in structure and proper in meaning.(A)One day, when I was working as a psychologist in England, an adolescent boy showed up in my office. It was David. He kept 25 (walk) up and down restlessly, his face pale, and his hands shaking slightly. His head teacher had referred him to me. “This boy has lost his family,”he wrote. “He is understandably very sad and refuses to talk to others,26 I’m very worried about him. Can you help?”I looked at David and showed him to a chair. How could I help him? There are problems psychology doesn’t have the answer 27 , and which no words can describe. Sometimes the best thing one can do is to listen openly and sympatheticallyThe first two times we met, David didn’t say a word. He sat there, only 28 (look) up to look at the children’s drawings on the wall behind me. I suggested we play a game of chess. He nodded. After that he played chess with me every Wednesday afternoon—in complete silence and without looking at me. It’s not easy to cheat in chess, but I admit I made sure David won once or twice.Usually, he arrived 29 than agreed, took the chess board and pieces from the shelf and began setting them up before I even got a chance to sit down. It seemed as if he enjoyed my company. But why did he never look at me?“Perhaps he simply needs someone 30 (share) his pain with,”I thought. “Perhaps he senses that I respect his suffering.”Some months later, when we were playing chess, he looked up at me suddenly.“31 ’s your turn,”he said.After that day, David started talking. He got friends in school and joined a bicycle club. He wrote to me a few times about his biking with some friends, and about his plan to get into university. Now he had really started to live his own life.Maybe I gave David something. But I also learned that one—without any words—can reach out to32 person. All it takes is a hug, a shoulder to cry on, a friendly touch, and an ear that listens(B)Some years ago, writing in my diary used to be a usual activity. I would return from school and 33 (spend) the expected half hour recording the day’s events, feelings, and impressions in my little blue diary. I did not really need to express my emotions by way of words, but I gained a certain satisfaction from seeing my experiences forever 34 (record) on paper. After all, isn’t accumulating memories a way高考英语（上海）语法新题型of preserving the past?When I was thirteen years old, I went on a long journey on foot in a great valley, 35 (well-equip) with pens, a diary, and a camera. During the trip, I was busy recording every incident, name and place I came across. I felt proud to be spending my time 36 (productive), dutifully preserving for future generations a detailed description of my travels. On my last night there, I wandered out of my tent, diary in hand. The sky was clear and lit by the glare of the moon, and the walls of the valley looked threatening behind their screen of shadows. I automatically took out my pen….At that point, I understood that nothing I 37 (write) could ever match or replace the few seconds I allowed myself to experience the dramatic beauty of the valley. All I remembered of the previous few days were the dull characterizations I 38 (set) down in my diary.Now, I only write in my diary when I need to write down a special thought or feeling. I still love to record ideas and quotations that strike me in books, or observations that are particularly meaningful. I take pictures, but not very often—only of objects 39 I find really beautiful. I’m no longer blindly satisfied with having something to remember when I grow old.I realize that life will simply pass me by if I stay behind the camera, busy 40 (preserve) the present so as to live it in the future.I don’t want to wake up one day and have nothing but a pile of pictures and notes. Maybe I won’t have as many exact representations of people and places; maybe I’ll forget certain facts, but at least the experiences will always remain inside me. I don’t live to make memories—I just live, and the memories form themselves.Key:25. walking 26. and 27. to28. looking 29. earlier 30. to share 31. It32. another33. spend 34. recorded35. well-equipped36. productively 37.39. which / that 40. preservingDirections: Read the following two passages. Fill in each blank with one proper word or the proper form of the given word to make the passage coherent. Make sure that your answers are grammatically correct.高考英语（上海）语法新题型(A)The US government has set several rules and guidelines in place ____25_____(protect) us from eating potentially harmful foods. Several dishes _____26_____(consider) real delicacies in other parts of the world, ____27______haggis in Scotland or fugu (puffer fish) in Japan, are banned from the U.S. food market because of potential health risks. But looking at the issue from a reversed angle, there are actually several common foods eaten in America that are banned in other parts of the world.The shocking truth is that many of our favorite foods, like boxed mac and cheese and yogurt, include ingredients____28______ other countries have established as potentially harmful for health, and therefore are banned. Clearly, mac and cheese on its own isn't poisonous in any way, but the yellow food colorings #5 and #6 have been shown to cause hypersensitivity (过敏) in children, and are therefore banned in countries including Norway, Finland, and Australia. ___29_____yogurt and other milk products, it is the rBGH and rBST that some countries are concerned with --- these growth hormones ____30_______(ban) in several regions including the European Union, Canada, and Japan ___31______their potentially dangerous impacts on the health of both humans and cows.Key:25.To protect26.considered27.like 28.that29.For 30.are banned 31.because of(B)How many times have you let your basic contact lens hygiene slide, not doing things like washing your hands before ___32_____(handle) your lenses, using tap water _____33______saline solution(盐水溶液) or sleeping in your lenses?During a busy week __34_____work, a woman named Erin was out of contact lens solution but didn't have time to buy any, so she used tap water ____35_____(store)her contact lenses.That would soon prove to be a mistake: She contracted a rare amoeba(阿米巴，变形虫) infection____36_______ began to attack her cornea(眼角膜)."The pain was extreme," she told Dr. Travis Stork on The Doctors. She went to the ER, where doctors thought she had a simple eye infection and prescribed her a steroid(类固醇)._____37_______, after the pain still did not go away, she visited an optometrist who ____38_______( realize)that she had an amoeba infection."The steroid was, in fact, hiding the infection,"高考英语（上海）语法新题型she said. "It was keeping my sight but it was actually feeding the amoeba, via the steroid, making ___39___stronger."Stork noted that steroids can actually be harmful in cases like this, because they make it harder for the body to fight off the infection.Key:32.handling33.instead of 34.at 35.to store 36.that 37.However 38.realized 39.itDirections: Read the following two passages. Fill ineach blank with one proper word or the proper formof the given word to make the passage coherent.Make sure that your answers are grammaticallycorrect.(A)One day, when I was working as a psychologist in England, an adolescent boy showed up in my office. It was David. He kept 25 (walk) up and down restlessly, his face pale, and his hands shaking slightly. His head teacher had referred him to me. “This boy has lost his family,”he wrote. “He is understandably very sad and refuses to talk to others, 26 I’m very worried about him. Can you help?”I looked at David and showed him to a chair. How could I help him? There are problems psychology doesn’t have the answer 27 , and which no words can describe. Sometimes the best thing one can do is to listen openly and sympatheticallyThe fir st two times we met, David didn’t say a word. He sat there, only 28 (look) up to look at the childre n’s drawings on the wall behind me. I suggested we play a game of chess. He nodded. After that he played chess with me every Wednesday afternoon—in complete silenc e and without looking at me. It’s not easy to cheat in chess, but I admit I made sure David won once or twice.Usually, he arrived 29 than agreed, took the chess board and pieces from the shelf and began setting them up before I even got a chance to sit down. It seemed as if he enjoyed my company. But why did he never look at me?“Perhaps he simply needs someone 30 (share) his pain with,”I thought. “Perhaps he senses that I respect his suffering.” Some months later, when we were高考英语（上海）语法新题型playing chess, he looked up at me suddenly.“31 is your turn,” he said.After that day, David started talking. He got friends in school and joined a bicycle club. He wrote to me a few times about his biking with some friends, and about his plan to get into university. Now he had really started to live his own life.Maybe I gave David something. But I also learned that one—without any words—can reach out to32 person. All it takes is a hug, a shoulder to cry on,a friendly touch, and an ear that listensKey:25. walking 26. and 27. to28. looking29. earlier30. to share31. It 32. another(B)Some years ago, writing in my diary used to be a usual activity. I would return from school and 33 (spend) the expected half hour recording the day’s events, feelings, and impressions in my little blue diary. I did not really need to express my emotions by way of words, but I gained a certain satisfaction from seeing my experiences forever 34 (record) on paper. After all, i sn’t accumulating memories a way of preserving the past?When I was thirteen years old, I went on a long journey on foot in a great valley, 35 (well-equip) with pens, a diary, and a camera. During the trip, I was busy recording every incident, name and place I came across. I felt proud to be spending my time productively, dutifully preserving for future generations a36 (detail) description of my travels. On my last night there, I wandered out of my tent, diary in hand. The sky was clear and lit by the glare of the moon, and the walls of the valley looked threatening behind their screen of shadows. I automatically took out my pen….At that point, I understood that nothing I 37 (write) could ever match or replace the few seconds I allowed myself to experience the dramatic beauty of the valley. All I remembered of the previous few days were the dull characterizations I 38 (set) down in my diary.Now, I only write in my diary when I need to write down a special thought or feeling. I still love to record ideas and quotations that strike me in books, or observations that are particularly meaningful. I take pictures, but not very often—only of objects 39 I find really beautiful. I’m no longer blindly satisfied with having something to remember when I grow old. I realize that life will simply pass me by if I stay behind the camera, busy 40 (preserve) the present so as to live it in the future.I don’t want to wake up one day and have nothing but a pile of pictures and notes. Maybe I won’t高考英语（上海）语法新题型have as many exact representations of people and places; maybe I’ll forget certain facts, but at least the experiences will always remain inside me. I don’t live to make memories—I just live, and the memories form themselves.Key:33. spend 34. recorded35. well-equipped36. detailed39. which / that 40.preservingDirections: Read the following two passages. Fill in each blank with one proper word or the proper form of the given word to make the passage coherent. Make sure that your answers are grammatically correct.(A)Low-Cost Gifts for Mother’s DayGift No. IOffer to be your mother’s health friend. Promise to be there for any and all doctor’s visits 25 a disease or a regular medical check-up. Most mothers always say “no need,” another set of eyes and ears is always a good idea at a doctor’s visit. The best part? This one is free. Gift No. 2Help your mother organize all of her medical records, 26 include the test results and medical information. Put them all in one place. Be sure to make a list of all of her medicines and what times she takes them. “27 (have) all this information in one place could end up saving your mo ther’s life,”Dr. Marie Savard said.Gift No. 3Enough sleep is connected to general health conditions. “Buy your mother cotton sheets and comfortable pillows to encourage better sleep,”Savard said. “We know that good sleep is very 28 to our health.”Gift No. 4Some gift companies such as Presents for Purpose allow you to pay it forward this Moth er’s Day by picking gifts in which 10 percent of the price you pay goes to a charity. Gift givers can choose from 29wide variety of useful but inexpensive things—many of which are “green”—and then 30 a meaningful高考英语（上海）语法新题型charity from a list. When your mother gets the gift, she 31 (tell) that she has helped the chosen charity. Key:25. whether 26. which 27. Having 28. important 29. a30. choose 31. will be told(B)In my living room, there is a plaque(匾) that advises me to “Bloom where you are planted.”It reminds me of Dorothy. I got to know Dorothy in the early 1980s, 32 I was teaching Early Childhood Development through a program with Union College in Barbourville, Kentucky. The job responsibilities required occasional visits 33 the classroom of each teacher in the program. Dorothy stands out in my memory as one who “bloomed” in her remote area.Dorothy taught in a school in Harlan County, Kentucky, Appalachian Mountain area. 34 (get) to her school from the town of Harlan, I followed a road 35 (wind) around the mountain. In the eight-mile journey, I crossed the same railroad track five times, giving the possibility of getting caught by the same train five times. Rather than feeling excited by this drive through the mountains, I found it depressing. The poverty level was shocking and the small shabby houses gave me the 36 (great) feeling of hopelessness.From the moment of my arrival at the little school, all gloom(忧郁) disappeared. Upon arriving at Dorothy’s classroom, I 37 (greet) with smiling faces and treated like a queen. The children had been prepared to show me their latest projects. Dorothy told me with a big smile that they were serving poke greens salad and cornbread for “d inner” (lunch). In case you don’t know, poke greens are a weed-type plant38 grows wild, especially on poor ground. Dorothy never ran out of reports of exciting activities of her students. Her enthusiasm never cooled down. When it came time to sit for the testing and interviewing required to receive her Child Development Associate Certification, Dorothy was ready. She came to the assessment and passed in all areas. Afterward, she 39 (invite) me to the one-and-only steak house in the area to celebrate her victory, as if she had received her Ph.D. degree. After the meal, she placed a little box containing an old pen in my hand. She said it was a family heirloom (传家宝), but to me it is a 40 (treasure) symbol of appreciation and pride that cannot be matched with things.Key:32. when 33. to 34. To get 35. winding36. greatest37. was greeted 38. that 39. invited 40. treasured高考英语（上海）语法新题型Part-6Directions: Read the following two passages. Fill in each blank with one proper word or the proper form of the given word to make the passage coherent. Make sure that your answers are grammatically correct.(A)On a sunny day last August, Tim heard some shouting. Looking out to the sea carefully, he saw a couple of kids in a rowboat 25 (pull) out to sea.Two 2-year-old boys, Christian and Jack, rowed out a boat to search for a football. Once they’d ro wed beyond the calm waters, a beach umbrella 26 (tie) to the boat caught the wind and pulled the boat into open water. The pair panicked and tried to row back to shore. But they were no match for 27and the boat was out of control.Tim knew it would soon be swallowed by the waves.“Everything went quiet in my head,” Tim recalls. “I was trying 28 (figure) out how to swim to the boys in a straight line.”Tim took off his clothes and jumped into the water. Every 500 yards or so, he raised his head to judge his progress. “At one point, I considered turning back,” he says. “I wondered if I was putting my life at risk.” After 30 minutes 29 struggling, he was close to yell to the boys, “Take down the umbrella!”Christian made much effort to take down the umbrella. Then Tim was able to catch up and climb aboard the boat. He took over rowing, 30 the waves were almost too strong for him.“Let’s aim for the pier(码头),”Jack said. Tim turned the boat toward it. Soon afterward, waves crashed over the boat, and it began to sink. “Can you guys swim?” he cried. “A little bit,” the boys said.Once they were in the water, Tim decided it would be safer and faster for him to pull the boys toward the pier. Christian and Jack 31 (wear) life jackets and floated on their backs. Tim swam toward land as water washed over the boys’ faces.“Are we almost there?” they asked again and again. “Yes,” Tim told them each time.After 30 minutes, they reached the pier.Key:25. were being pulled 26. tied 27. it28. to figure 29. of30. but 31. were wearing高考英语（上海）语法新题型(B)Poet William Stafford once said that we are defined more by the detours (绕行路) in life than by the narrow road toward goals. I like this image. But it was quite by accident 32 I discovered the deep meaning of his words.For years we made the long drive 33 our home in Seattle to my parents’home in Boise in nine hours. We traveled the way most people do: the fastest, shortest, easiest road, especially when I was alone with four noisy, restless kids who hate confinement(限制) and have strong opinions about everything.Road trips felt risky, so I would drive fast, 34 (stop) only when 1 had to. We would stick to the freeways and arrive tired.But then Banner, our lamb was born. He was rejected by his mama days before our 35 (plan) trip to Boise. I had two choices: leave Banner with my husband, or take him with me. My husband made the decision for me.That is 36 I found myself on the road with four kids, a baby lamb and nothing but my everlasting optimism to see me through. We took the country roads out of necessity. We had to stop every hour, let Banner shake out his legs and feed him. The kids chased him and one another. They’d get back in the carbreathless and 37 (energize), smelling fresh from the cold air.We explored side roads, catching grasshoppers in waist-high grass. Even if we simply looked out of the car window, at baby pigs following their mother, or fish 38 (leap) out of the water, it was better than the best ride down the freeway. Here was life. And new horizons.We e ventually arrived at my parents’doorstep astonishingly fresh and full of stories.I grew brave with the trip back home and creative with my disciplining technique. On an empty section of road, everyone started quarreling. I stopped the car, ordered all kids out 39 told them to meet me up ahead. I parked my car half a mile away and read my book in sweet silence.Some road trips are by necessity fast and straight. But that trip with Banner opened our eyes to a world available to anyone adventurous enough to wander around and made me realize that a detour 40 uncover the best part of a journey—and the best part of yourself.Key:32. that 33. from 34. stopping 35. planned 36. how37. energized 38. leaping 39. and 40. may高考英语（上海）语法新题型Directions: Read the following two passages. Fill in each blank with one proper word or the proper form of the given word to make the passage coherent. Make sure that your answers are grammatically correct.(A)My name is Clara. I still remember that chilly December day, sitting in science class. I 25 (finish) a worksheet early and picked up a TIME for Kids magazine. A piece of news caught my eye: NASA was holding 26 essay contest to name its Mars rover(火星探测器).Before I even knew anything else about it, a single word flooded my 11-year-old mind, Curiosity.I couldn’t wa it for the bell to ring so I could get started on my essay. That afternoon, I raced home, sat down at the computer, and typed 27 my fingers ached. “Curiosity is an everlasting flame that burns in everyone’s mind...”F ive months later, my mom received a phone call, and immediately, a wide smile 28 (spread) across her face.O n August 5,2012, at 10:31 p.m., the rover named Curiosity touched down safely on the surface of Mars, and I 29 (honour) to have a front-row seat in NASA.C uriosity is such an important part of who I am. I have always been fascinated by the stars, the planets, the sky and the universe. I remember as a little girl, my grandmother and I 30 sit together in the backyard for hours. She’d tell me stories and point out the stars. Grandma lived in China, thousands of miles away from my home in Kansas, but the stars kept us together even when we were apart. They were always there, yet there was so much I didn’t know about 31 . That’s what I love so much about space.P eople often ask me why we go to faraway places like Mares. My answer is simple because we’re curious. We human beings do not just hole up in one place. We are constantly wondering and trying to find out 32 is over the hill and beyond the horizon.Key:25. had finished 26. an 27. until 28.高考英语（上海）语法新题型spread 29. was honoured30. would 31. them 32. what(B)Guide to Stockholm University LibraryOur library offers different types of studying places and provides a good studying environment.ZonesThe library is divided into different 33 . The upper floor is a quiet zone with over a thousand places for silent reading, and places where you can sit and work with your own computer. The reading places consist mostly of tables and chairs. The ground floor is the zone 34 you can talk. Here you can find sofas and armchairs for group work.ComputersYou can use your own computer to connect to the wi-fi specially prepared for notebook computers, and you can also use library computers, which contain the most commonly used applications, such as Microsoft Office. They are situated in the area 35 (know) as the Experimental Field on the ground floor.Group-study placesIf you want to discuss freely 36 disturbing others, you can book a study room or sit at a table on the ground floor. Some study rooms are for 2-3 people and 37 can hold up to 6-8 people. All rooms are marked on the library maps.There are 40 group-study rooms that 38 be booked via the website. To book, you need an active University account and a valid University card. You can use a room three hours per day, nine hours at most per week.Storage of Study MaterialThe library has lockers for students 39 (store) course literature. When you have obtained at least 40 credits(学分), you may rent a locker and pay 400 SEK for a year’s rental period.Rules to be FollowedMobile phone conversations are not permitted anywhere in the library. Keep your phone on silent as if you were in a lecture and 40 (exit) the library if you need to receive calls.Please note that food and fruit are forbidden in the library, but you are allowed to have drinks and sweets with you.Key:33. zones 34. where 35. known 36. without 37. others38. must 39. to store 40. exit高考英语（上海）语法新题型Directions: Read the following two passages. Fill in each blank with one proper word or the proper form of the given word to make the passage coherent. Make sure that your answers are grammatically correct.(A)When 25 (ask) about happiness, we usually think of something extraordinary, an absolute delight, which seems to get rarer the older we get.F or kids, happiness has a magical quality. Their delight at winning a race or getting a new bike26 unreserved (毫不掩饰的).In the teenage years the concept of happiness changes. Suddenly it’s conditional on such things as excitement, love and popularity. I 27 still recall the excitement of being invited to dance with the most attractive boy at the school party.I n adulthood the things that bring deep joy—love, marriage, birth—also bring responsibility and the risk of loss. For adults, happiness is complicated.M y definition of happiness is “the capacity for enjoyment”. The 28 we can enjoy what we have, the happier we are. It’s easy to overlook the pleasure we get from the company of friends, the freedom to live where we please, and even good health.I experienced my little moments of pleasure yesterday. First I was overjoyed when I shut the last lunch-box and had the house to myself. Then I spent an uninterrupted morning writing, 29 I love. When the kids and my husband came home, I enjoyed their noise after the quiet of the day.P sychologists tell us 30 to be happy we need a mix of enjoyable leisure time and satisfying work. I don’t think that my grandmother,who raised 14 children, had much of either. She did have a network of close friends and family, and maybe this is what satisfied her.W e, 31 , with so many choices and such pressure to succeed in every area, have turned happiness into one more thing we’ve got to have.We’re so self-conscious about our “right” to it that it’s making us miserable. So we chase it and equal it with wealth and success, without。
2014年上海高考英语试题及答案(清晰完整版)
2014年上海高考英语试题及答案(清晰完整版)2014年上海高考英语试题及答案(清晰完整版)Part A: Reading Comprehension (共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分)Passage 1A: When Mangalyaan successfully entered the Mars orbit, India became the first country to achieve this on its first attempt. Scientists were thrilled with the success of the mission, which was proof of India's growing strength in space technology. Mangalyaan, or Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM) as it's officially known, was launched by the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) on November 5, 2013 and entered Mars orbit on September 24, 2014.B: The journey to Mars was not an easy one. The spacecraft traveled 420 million miles over a span of 300 days to reach its final destination. Mangalyaan had to overcome various challenges, including exposure to extreme radiation and the risk of failure during the intricate process of entering Mars' orbit. However, the mission was completed successfully, and Mangalyaan is currently conducting experiments to gather data on Mars' atmosphere and climate.C: India's successful mission to Mars is a significant achievement in the field of space exploration. It showcases India's technological prowess and its ability to compete with established space agencies such as NASA. The mission also brings hope to many other countries that aspire to explorespace and conduct scientific research beyond Earth. Mangalyaan has inspired scientists, engineers, and students around the world and has fuelled an increased interest in space exploration.1. What did Mangalyaan achieve?A. It completed experiments on Mars' atmosphere and climate.B. It became the first spacecraft to reach Mars.C. It successfully entered Mars' orbit on its first attempt.D. It traveled 420 million miles to reach Mars.2. What was the challenge Mangalyaan faced during its journey?A. Exposure to extreme radiation.B. Competing with established space agencies.C. Conducting experiments on Mars' atmosphere.D. Traveling a long distance.3. How does India's mission to Mars inspire others?A. It showcases India's technological prowess.B. It fuels interest in space exploration.C. It provides hope for other countries' space missions.D. All of the above.Passage 2In the future, driverless cars may become a common sight on our roads. These autonomous vehicles are capable of sensing their environment and navigating without human input. They use advanced sensors, machine learning algorithms, and artificial intelligence to analyze and interpret data from their surroundings.One of the main advantages of driverless cars is increased safety. Human errors and distractions are often the cause of accidents on the road. With autonomous vehicles, the risk of accidents due to human error is greatly reduced. These cars can react faster than humans and are not affected by fatigue, alcohol, or other factors that can impair driving abilities.Driverless cars also have the potential to improve traffic flow. They can communicate with each other and with road infrastructure, such as traffic lights, to optimize their movements. By avoiding unnecessary stops and maintaining a constant speed, driverless cars can reduce congestion and make the overall driving experience more efficient.Additionally, driverless cars have the potential to increase accessibility for people who are unable to drive or do not have access to private transportation. These vehicles can be programmed to accommodate individuals with disabilities and can provide a reliable means of transportation for those who are unable to drive themselves.4. What technology do driverless cars use to navigate their surroundings?A. Advanced sensors.B. Machine learning algorithms.C. Artificial intelligence.D. All of the above.5. Why are driverless cars considered safer than human-driven cars?A. They can react faster than humans.B. They are not affected by distractions.C. They eliminate the risk of human errors.D. All of the above.6. How can driverless cars improve traffic flow?A. By communicating with each other and with road infrastructure.B. By optimizing their movements to avoid unnecessary stops.C. By maintaining a constant speed.D. All of the above.7. What is one potential benefit of driverless cars for individuals who are unable to drive?A. Increased safety on the roads.B. Improved accessibility to transportation.C. Reduced traffic congestion.D. optimized driving experience.Passage 3In recent years, there has been a growing interest in sustainability and environmentally friendly practices. Many individuals and businesses aremaking efforts to reduce their carbon footprint and minimize their impact on the environment. One area where these efforts are being seen is in the fashion industry.Fast fashion, the production of cheap and disposable clothing, has been a major contributor to environmental degradation. The industry consumes vast amounts of water, energy, and natural resources, and also produces a significant amount of waste and pollution. However, a shift towards sustainable fashion is slowly gaining momentum.Sustainable fashion refers to the production and design of clothing that prioritizes environmental responsibility and social equity. It promotes the use of eco-friendly materials, such as organic cotton and recycled fibers, and encourages practices such as recycling, upcycling, and fair trade. Sustainable fashion also emphasizes the importance of transparency and ethical supply chains.Despite the challenges, there are promising signs of progress in the fashion industry. Various brands are adopting sustainable practices and offering eco-friendly alternatives to fast fashion. Consumers are becoming more conscious of the environmental impact of their clothing choices and are demanding more sustainable options. By supporting sustainable fashion, individuals can contribute to a more sustainable future and help drive positive change in the fashion industry.8. What is one of the negative impacts of the fast fashion industry?A. Increased consumption of natural resources.B. Environmental degradation.C. Waste and pollution.D. All of the above.9. What is the goal of sustainable fashion?A. Prioritizing environmental responsibility and social equity.B. Using eco-friendly materials.C. Encouraging recycling and upcycling.D. All of the above.10. What are consumers increasingly demanding in the fashion industry?A. Sustainable and eco-friendly options.B. Fast and disposable clothing.C. Ethical supply chains.D. Transparent production processes.11. How can individuals contribute to a more sustainable fashion industry?A. By supporting sustainable fashion brands.B. By choosing eco-friendly materials.C. By demanding transparency and ethical practices.D. All of the above.Passage 4The concept of Universal Basic Income (UBI) has gained traction in recent years as a possible solution to economic inequality. UBI is a system in which all citizens receive a regular, unconditional sum of money from the government, regardless of their employment status or income level. Proponents argue that UBI can help alleviate poverty, provide financial security, and promote equal opportunity.One of the main advantages of UBI is that it ensures a minimum standard of living for all individuals. It provides a safety net that guarantees basic needs can be met, regardless of fluctuations in the job market or personal circumstances. This can help reduce poverty and improve the overall well-being of society.UBI also has the potential to empower individuals to pursue their passions and take risks. With a guaranteed income, individuals may have more freedom to explore their interests, start businesses, or engage in creative endeavors without the fear of financial instability. This can lead to greater innovation and personal fulfillment.However, critics argue that UBI may disincentivize work or encourage dependency on the government. They suggest that providing unconditional income may reduce the motivation to seek employment or pursue educational and career opportunities. Additionally, implementing UBI on a large scale would require significant financial resources and could potentially lead to increased taxation.12. What is Universal Basic Income (UBI)?A. A system in which all citizens receive a regular sum of money from the government.B. A program to alleviate poverty.C. A method to promote equal opportunity.D. All of the above.13. How can UBI help reduce poverty?A. By ensuring a minimum standard of living for all individuals.B. By providing a safety net for basic needs.C. By improving the overall well-being of society.D. All of the above.14. What potential advantage does UBI offer to individuals?A. The freedom to pursue their passions and take risks.B. Financial stability.C. The ability to start businesses.D. All of the above.15. What is one criticism of UBI?A. It may discourage work.B. It could lead to increased taxation.C. It may create dependency on the government.D. All of the above.Part B: Non-Text Information (共6小题；每小题2分，满分12分)16.其中一段是2014年上海高考英语试题及答案。
2014高考英语真题-全国卷2-完形填空-试题及答案详解
2014高考英语真题全国卷2 完形填空试题Joe Simpson and Simon Yates were the first people to climb the West Face of the Siula Grande in the Andes mountains. They reached the top 1_, but on their way back conditions were very 2 . Joe fell and broke his leg. They both knew that if Simon 3 alone, he would probably get back 4 . But Simon decided to risk his 5 and try to lower Joe down the mountain on a rope(绳).As they 6 down, the weather got worse. Then another 7 occurred. They couldn't see or hear each other and, 8 , Simon lowered his friend over the edge of a precipice(峭壁). It was 9 for Joe to climb back or for Simon to pull him up. Joe's 10 was pulling Simon slowly towards the precipice. 11, after more than an hour in the dark and the icy cold, Simon had to 12 . In tears, he cut the rope. Joe 13 into a large crevasse(裂缝) in the ice below. He had no food or water and he was in terrible pain. He couldn't walk, but he 14 to get out of the crevasse and started to 15 towards their camp, nearly ten kilometers 16_.Simon had 17 the camp at the foot of the mountain. He thought that Joe must be 18 , but he didn't want to leave 19_. Three days later, in the middle of the night, he heard Joe's voice. He couldn't 20 it. Joe was there, a few meters from their tent, still alive.1. A.hurriedly B.carefully C.successfully D.early2. A.difficult B.similar C.special D.normal3. A.climbed B.worked C.rested D.continued4. A.unwillingly B.safely C.slowly D.regretfully5. A.fortune B.time C.health D.life6. y B.settled C.went D.looked7. A.damage B.storm C.change D.trouble8. A.by mistake B.by chance C.by choice D.by luck9. A.unnecessary B.practical C.important D.impossible10. A.height B.weight C.strength D.equipment11. A.Finally B.Patiently C.Surely D.Quickly12. A.stand back B.take a rest C.make a decision D.hold on13. A.jumped B.fell C.escaped D.backed14. A.managed B.planned C.waited D.hoped15. A.run B.skate C.move D.march16. A.around B.away C.above D.along17. A.headed for B.travelled C.left for D.returned to18. A.dead B.hurt C.weak te19. A.secretly B.tiredly C.immediately D.anxiously20. A.find B.believe C.make D.accept2014年高考答案与解析：1. C.根据文章第一句话中的“the first people to climb…”可知，他们肯定成功到达了山顶，故选C。
高考英语阅读理解冲刺_2
定额市鞍钢阳光实验学校2014高考英语阅读理解冲刺全程训练（14）及答案阅读理解请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
AWe know the famous ones—the Thomas Edison and the Alexander Graham Bells —but what about the less famous inventors? What about the people who invented the traffic light and the windshield wiper(雨刮器)？Shouldn’t we know who they are?Joan Mclean thinks so. In fact, Mclean, a professor of physics at Mountain University in Range, feels so strongly about this matter that she’s developed a course on the topic. In addition to learning “who” invented “what”, however, Mclean also likes her students to learn the answers to the “why” and ”how” questions. According to Mclean,” When students learn the answers to these questions, they are better prepared to recognize opportunities for inventing and more motivated to give inventing a try.”So, just what is the story behind the windshield wiper? Well, Mary Anderson came up with the idea in 1902 after a visit to New York City. The day was cold and stormy, but Anderson still wanted to see the sights, so she jumped aboard a streetcar. Noticing that the driver was struggling to see through the snow covering the windshield, she found herself wondering why there couldn’t be a built-in device for cleaning the window. Still wondering about this when she returned home to Birmingham, Alabama, Anderson started drafting out solutions. One of her ideas, a lever(操作杆)on the inside of a vehicle that would control an arm on the outside, became the first windshield wiper.Today we benefit from countless inventions and innovations，It’s hard to imagine driving without Garrett A Morgan’s traffic light. It’s equally impossible to picture a world without Katherine J. Blodgett’s innovation that makes glass invisible, Can you picture life without clear windows and eyeglasses?( ) 1. By mentioning “traffic light” and “windshield wiper”, the author indicates that countless inventions are .A. beneficial, because their inventors are famousB. beneficial, though their inventors are less famousC. not useful, because their inventors are less famousD. not useful, though their inventors are famous( ) 2. Professor Joan McLean’s course aims to_____.A. add color and variety to students’ campus lifeB. inform students of the windshield wiper’s inventionC. carry out the requirements by Mountain UniversityD. prepare students to try their own invention( ) 3. Tommy Lee’s invention of the unbreakable umbrella was _________.A. not eventually accepted by the umbrella producerB. inspired by the story behind the windshield wiperC. due to his dream of being caught in a rainstormD. not related to Professor Joan McLean’s lectures( ) 4. Which 0f the following can best serve as the title of this passage?A How to Help Students to Sell Their Inventions to Producers?B How to Design a Built-in Device for Cleaning the Window?C Shouldn’t We Know Who Invented the Windshield Wiper?D Shouldn’t We Develop Invention Courses in Universities?A篇第一篇文章是关于生活中离不开小发明，鼓励年轻人要善于把握发明的契机，推动社会的进步。
届高考英语冲刺模拟试题(四)及答案.doc
2014届高考英语冲刺模拟试题（四）及答案第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共小题；每小题I分，满分7分）听下面段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回来有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
1 What' the prie f a tdent tiket?A 10 dllarB 7 dllarC dllar2 What tie i it nw?A It' 3:00 pB It' 4:00 pC It' 3:30 p3 What an we learn abt the an?A He wrk like a ehaniB He han't engh neyC He ha gt a ehani4 What de Rbert plan t d?A G t New YrkB Viit a plantatinC Mve t the thWhat la de the girl prefer t have?A The PEB The artC The bilgy第二节（共1小题：每小题1分，满分22分）请听下面段对话。
每段对话后有几个小题，从题中所给出的A、B、C三个选项种选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听每段对话前，你将有时间阅读各个小题。
，每小题秒钟；听完后，各小题给出秒钟的作答时间。
每段对话读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6 Why did Bb g t Canada?A T d bineB T g ighteeingC T frther hi tdy7 What bjet d tdent fr Canada like?A Eni and engineeringB Bine and ptingC Cpting and eni听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
2014年上海新题型(语法填空)
2014年上海新题型(语法填空) D高考英语语法填空训练题2训练题3In the past few years, quite a number of men and women have chosen to do something less competitive. They are afraid that the stress and strains of work will rob them ____11_ ___ joy and happiness and ____12 ____ them harm both physically and mentally.In fact, however, stress isn’t the bad thing ____13____ it is often supposed to be. Above all, ____14____ it gets out of control, a certain amount of stress is vital to provide motivation and challenge, and to give purpose and significance to ____15____, otherwise meaningless, idle life. ____16___, people under stress tend to express their full range of potential and to actualize their own _____17____(person) worth—the very aim of a human life.Stress is a natural part of everyday life and _____18 ___ is no way to avoid it. What we cando is ____19____(develop) our adaptive abilities to deal with it rather than to escape ____20___ it.训练题4On keeping a Diary in EnglishKeeping a diary in English is one of the 11._____ (effect) ways to improve our English writing ability.12.______ (compare) with other forms of writing, it is shorter and takes 13.______ time. It can help us to develop the habit of thinking in English. 14.______ we persist in this practice, gradually we’ll learn how to express ourselves in English. In keeping a diary in English, we certainly run up against many 15.______. In the first place, 16.______ often happens that we have trouble finding appropriate words andphrases to give expression to our mind. Secondly, there are many idiomatic ways of saying things in Chinese. 17.______ it is extremely hard for us to put them into English properly.As far as I 18.______ (concern), my suggestion is that we should always have a notebook and a Chinese-English dictionary within easy reach. Whenever something beats us, we can first put it down in our notebook and then consult our dictionary. We can also turn to our English teacher for help, if necessary. In short, I believe that it is 19.______ great use to keep a diary in English for 20.______ development of our writing skills.高考英语语法填空训练题3训练题5There are two main reasons 11 the temperature of the air is always 12 （change）. One reason is that the air around you moves in from somewhere else . Air usually moves in large bodies 13 (call) air masses. Some air masses move in from the north. These air masses usually have cold air that cause the temperature 14 (drop). Air masses also move in from the south. They usually have 15 (warm) air that causes the temperature to rise.Temperature changes during the day or night can be great 16 small. This depends partly 17 how many clouds are in the sky. 18 there are many clouds during the night, they act like tile covers on your bed. They blanket the earth and keep the air from losing much of 19 heat. The temperature usually does not drop much during such a night. When there are many cloudsduring 20 day, some of the sun's energy will not reach the earth. The temperature usually does not rise much on such a day.训练题6I have a friend who must be the sweetest, shyest person in the world. He is forty years old, rather short and 11 (skin), and has a thin moustache and even thinner hair on his head. Since his vision is not perfect, he wears glasses: 12 are small, round and frameless.He always walks sideways so 13 not to inconvenience anyone. Instead of saying “Excuse me”, he prefers to glide by one side.14 the gap is so narrow that it will not allow him to pass, Luke waits patiently 15 the obstruction (障碍物) moves by itself. Stray dogsand cats panic him, and in order to avoid them, he constantly crosses from one side of the road to the 16 .He speaks in 17 very thin, subtle voice, so inaudible that it is hard to tell if he is speaking at 18 . He has never interrupted anybody. On the other hand, he can never manage more than two words without 19 (interrupt). This does not seem to irritate him; in fact, he actually appears happy 20 (be) able to utter(发出) those two words.高考英语语法填空训练题4训练题7In the days when an ice cream cost much less, Tom, __11______ 8-year-old boy, entered a hotel coffee shop _12_____ sat at a table. A waitress put a glass of water in front of him. "How much is an ice cream?" "Fifty-cents," replied the waitress. The little boy pulled _13_____ right hand out of the pocket and studied a number of ___14___ in it."How much is a dish of plain ice cream?" he asked. Some people were now waiting for her service and the waitress grew a bit __15_____ (patience). "Thirty-five cents," she said _16_____ (rude). The little boy carefully counted the coins _17_____. "I will have a plain ice cream," he said. The waitress walked _18______. The boy finished the ice cream, paid the cashier and left. It was not long _19_____ the waitress came back and then she began to wipe down the table and suddenly was surprised at what she saw. There, _20_____ (place) neatly beside the empty dish, were two nickels and five pennies --- her tip!训练题8Vitamins are a group of substances（物质）found in food. The body needs them for life and health. So usually, many people care for the question: am I getting enough vitamins, and am I getting the right kind?Even though very small amounts of each vitamin are enough for the needs of the body, the worry people have about vitamins has some reasons. And this has to do with their ___11_ --- the food they take in. A person eating a good variety of food get all the vitamins now ___12 ___ (know) to be needed.The problem is that there are many people who don’t ___13_ __ foods wisely. So the answer ___14 ___ this question is: No extra___15_ __ are needed, ___16 __ you eat proper foods. In fact, many of the vitamins cannot be ___17_ __（store）in the body, so when extra vitamins are taken in, the body simply gets rid of them. It is even ___18 ___ (harm) to put too much of certain vitamins into the body. This has been found to be ___19 (truth) of vitamin A and D, when ___20 ___ amounts are taken in.高考英语语法填空训练题5训练题9Television is now playing a very important part in our life. But television, like many 11things, has both advantages and disadvantages. Do the 12 outweigh (比…更重要) the latter?In the first place, television is not only a convenient source of entertainment, but also 13 comparatively cheap one. For a family of four, for example, it is 14 as well as cheaper to sit comfortably at home, with almost unlimited entertainment available, than to go out in search of amusement elsewhere.All they have to do is 15 (press) a button, and they can see plays, films, operas, and shows of every kind, not to mention the latest 16 (excite) football match. Some people, 17 maintain that this is precisely 18 the danger lies. The television viewer makes no choice and exercises no judgment. He is completely passive and has everything 19 (present) to 20 without any effort on his part.训练题10I was always told that the three Ps, patience, positive thinking and perseverance（毅力），were a sure path 11 success. But this advice does not always work as planned. My high school maths exam is one example. The exam, 12 was originally to be held in our classroom, 13 (change) to the library at the last minute. This, 14 ，didn’t bother me because maths had always been my strongest subject. I patiently walked to the library, took my seat and did some deep breathing to help relax 15 ．But my mood quickly changed when I saw一16 first question. I had no idea how to do it. I tried to stay positive and persevered 17 I finally found the solution. With the problem 18 (solve), I felt proud of my achievement. 19 (fortunate), I then noticed that I had just 10minutes left 20 (complete) the rest!参考答案训练题 111. has 12. limited 13. which 14. to 15. should16. designer 17. the 18. decorated 19. to fulfill 20. its训练题211. may 12. and 13. traditionally 14. set 15. by \ beside16. after 17. All 18. including 19. Staying 20. a训练题311. of 12. do 13 that 14. unless 15. an16. Moreover/ Furthermore 17. personal18. there 19. to develop 20. from训练题411. effective 12. Compared (没大写扣0.5分) 13. less 14. If (没大写扣0.5分)15. difficulties（troubles不给分）16. it 17. And(没大写扣0.5分) 18. am concerned 19. of 20. the训练题511. why 12.changing 13.called 14.to drop 15.warmer16. or 17.on 18.When 19.its 20.the训练题611．skinny 12. they 13. as 14. If 15. until (till)16. other 17. a 18. all 19. being interrupted 20. to have been训练题711. an 12. and 13. his 14. coins 15. impatient16. rudely 17. again 18. away ( off ) 19. before 20. placed训练题811.diet 12 . known 13. choose 14. to 15. vitamins16. if 17. stored 18. harmful 19. true 10. large训练题911. other 12. former 13. a 14. more convenient 15. to press16. exciting 17. however 18. where 19. presented 20. him训练题1011. to 12. which 13．was changed 14. however 15. myself16. the 17. until 18. solved 19. Unfortunately 20. to complete。
2014年高考英语——上海卷
2014年高考英语——上海卷II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)My stay in New YorkAfter graduation from university, I had been unable to secure a permanent job in my small town. So I decided to leave home for New York, (25) ______ I might have a better chance to find a good job. (26) ______ (earn) some money to pay the daily expenses, I started work in a local café as a waiter. I believed that (27) ______ I was offered a good position, I would resign at once.Over time, the high cost of living became a little burden on my already (28) ______ (exhaust) shoulders. On the other hand, my search for a respectable job had not met with much success. As I had studied literature at university, I found it quite difficult to secure a suitable job in big companies. Mother had said that (29) ______ ______ ______ I wanted to have a better career advancement, I had to find work in the city. Perhaps, (30) ______ my mother had told me was deeply rooted in my mind. I just did as she had expected.Soon I had lived in the city for over six months but I still did not like it. Apparently, I had difficulty (31) ______ (adapt) myself to life in the city, let alone finding a job to my delight. After nine months of frustration. I eventually decided to go back to my smalltown. Not until I returned (32) ______ I realise that a quiet town life was the best for me.(B)The giant vending machine（自动售货机）is a new village shopVillagers have long been used to facing a drive when they run out of basic supplies. However, help is now nearer at hand in the form of the country's first automatic push-button shop. Now residents in the Derbyshire village of Clifton can buy groceries around the clock after the huge vending was installed outside a pub in the village this week.Peter Fox, who is (33) ______ electrical engineer, spent two and a half years working on the project. The machine (34) ______ (equip) with security cameras and alarms, and looks like a mini shop with a brick front, a grey roof and a display window.Mr. Fox said he hoped his invention, (35) ______ is set to be installed in other villages in the area over the coming months, will mark a return to convenience shopping for rural communities.He said: "I had this idea a few years ago but I couldn't find a manufacturer who could deliver what I wanted, so I did it by (36) ______. The result is what amounts to a huge outdoor vending machine. Yet I think the term automatic shop is far (37) ______ (appropriate)."In recent years, the commercial pressure from supermarket chains (38) ______ (force) village shops across the country to close. In 2010, it was estimated that about 400 village shops closed, (39) ______ (urge) the local government to give financial support to struggling shops or set-up new community stores.Hundreds of communities have since stepped in and openedup their own volunteer-run shops, but Mr. Fox hopes his new invention will offer a solution (40) ______ those villages without a local shop.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. alertB. classifyC. commitD. delicatelyE. gentleF. imposeG. labels H. moderation I. relieve J. signals K. simplyLet's say you've decided you want to eat more healthfully. However, you don't have time to carefully plan menus for meals or read food _41_ at the supermarket. Since you really _42_ yourself to a healthier lifestyle, a little help would come in handy, wouldn't it? This is where a "choice architect" can help _43_ some of the burden of doing it all yourself. Choice architects are people who organize the contexts in which customers make decisions. For example, the person who decides the layout of your local supermarket-including which shelf the peanut butter goes on, and how the oranges are piled up—is a choice architect.Governments don't have to _44_ healthier lifestyles through laws for example, smoking bans. Rather, if given an environment created by a choice architect-one that encourages us to choose what is best-we will do the right things. In other words, there will be designs that gently push customers toward making healthier choices, without removing freedom of choice. This idea combines freedom to choose with _45_ hints from choice architects, who aim to help people live longer, healthier, and happier lives.The British and Swedish governments have introduced a so-called "traffic light system" to _46_ foods as healthy or unhealthy. This means that customers can see at a glance how much fat, sugar, and salt each product contains _47_ by looking at the lights on the package. A green light _48_ that the amounts of the three nutrients are healthy; yellow indicates that the customer should be _49_; and red means that the food is high in at least one of the three nutrients and should be eaten in _50_. The customer is given important health information, but is still free to decide what to choose.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Research has shown that two-thirds of human conversation is taken up not with discussion of the cultural or political problems of the day, not heated debates about films we've just watched or books we've just finished reading, but plain and simple _51_.Language is our greatest treasure as a species, and what do we _52_ do with it? We gossip. About others' behaviour and private lives, such as who's doing what with whom, who's in and who's out-and why; how to deal with difficult _53_ situations involving children, lovers, and colleagues.So why are we keen on gossiping? Are we just natural _54_，of both time and words? Or do we talk a lot about nothing in particular simply to avoid facing up to the really important issues of life? It's not the case according to Professor Robin Dunbar. Infact, in his latest book, Grooming, Gossip and the Evolution of Language, the psychologist says gossip is one of these really _55_ issues.Dunbar _56_ the traditional view that language was developed by the men at the early stage of social development in order to organize their manly hunting activities more effectively, or even to promote the exchange of poetic stories about their origins and the supernatural. Instead he suggests that language evolved among women. We don't spend two-thirds of our time gossiping just because we can talk, argues Dunbar—_57_, he goes on to say, language evolved specifically to allow us to gossip.Dunbar arrived at his cheery theory by studying the _58_ of the higher primates（灵长类动物）like monkeys. By means of grooming--cleaning the fur by brushing it, monkeys form groups with other individuals on whom they can rely for support in the event of some kind of conflict within the group or _59_ from outside it.As we human beings evolve from a particular branch of the primate family, Dunbar _60_ that at one time in our history we did much the same. Grouping together made sense because the bigger the group, the greater the _61_ it provided; on the other hand, the bigger the group, the greater the stresses of living close to others. Grooming helped to _62_ the pressure and calm everybody down.But as the groups got bigger and bigger, the amount of time spent in grooming activities also had to be _63_ to maintain its effectiveness. Clearly, a more _64_ kind of grooming was needed, and thus language evolved as a kind of vocal（有声的）grooming which allowed humans to develop relationship with ever-largergroups by exchanging information over a wider network of individuals than would be possible by one-to-one _65_ contact.51. A. claim B. description C. gossip D. language52. A. occasionally B. habitually C. independently D. originally53. A. social B. political C. historical D. cultural54. A. admirers B. masters C. users D. wasters55. A. vital B. sensitive C. ideal D. difficult56. A. confirms B. rejects C. outlines D. broadens57. A. for instance B. in addition C. on the contrary D. as a result58. A. motivation B. appearance C. emotion D. behaviour59. A. attack B. contact C. inspection D. assistance60. A. recalls B. denies C. concludes D. confesses61. A. prospect B. responsibility C. leadership D. protection62. A. measure B. show C. maintain D. ease63. A. saved B. extended C. consumed D. gained64. A. common B. efficient C. scientific D. thoughtful65. A. indirect B. daily C. physical D. secretSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A).Most people agree that honesty is a good thing. But does Mother Nature agree? Animals can't talk, but can they lie in other ways? Can they lie with their bodies and behavior? Animal experts may not call it lying, but they do agree that many animals, from birds to chimpanzees, behave dishonestly to fool other animals. Why? Dishonesty often helps them survive.Many kinds of birds are very successful at fooling other animals. For example, a bird called the plover sometimes pretends to be hurt in order to protect its young. When a predator（猎食动物）gets close to its nest, the plover leads the predator away from the nest. How? It pretends to have a broken wing. The predator follows the "hurt" adult, leaving the baby birds safe in the nest.Another kind of bird, the scrub jay, buries its food so it always has something to eat. Scrub jays are also thieves. They watch where others bury their food and steal it. But clever scrub jays seem to know when a thief is watching them. So they go back later, unbury the food, and bury it again somewhere else.Birds called cuckoos have found a way to have babies without doing much work. How? They don't make nests. Instead, they get into other birds' nests secretly. Then they lay their eggsand fly away. When the baby birds come out, their adoptive parents feed them.Chimpanzees, or chimps, can also be sneaky. After a fight, the losing chimp will give its hand to the other. When the winning chimp puts out its hand, too, the chimps are friendly again. But an animal expert once saw a losing chimp take the winner's hand and start fighting again.Chimps are sneaky in other ways, too. When chimps find food that they love, such as bananas, it is natural for them to cry out. Then other chimps come running. But some clever chimps learn to cry very softly when they find food. That way, other chimps don't hear them, and they don't need to share their food.As children, many of us learn the saying "You can't fool Mother Nature." But maybe you can't trust her, either.66. A plover protects its young from a predator by___________.A. getting closer to its youngB. driving away the adult predatorC. leaving its young in another nestD. pretending to be injured67. By "Chimpanzees, or chimps, can also be sneaky" (paragraph 5), the author means_______.A. chimps are ready to attack othersB. chimps are sometimes dishonestC. chimps are jealous of the winnersD. chimps can be selfish too68. Which of the following is true according to the passage?A. Some chimps lower their cry to keep food away from others.B. The losing chimp won the fight by taking the winner's hand.C. Cuckoos fool their adoptive parents by making no nests.D. Some clever scrub jays often steal their food back.69. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. Do animals lie?B. Does Mother Nature fool animals?C. How do animals learn to lie?D. How does honesty help animals survive?（B）Let's say you want to hit the gym more regularly this year. How do you make that happen? Consider putting the habit loop to use.Here's how it works:A habit is a 3-step process. First, there's a cue, something that tells your brain to operate automatically. Then there's a routine. And finally, a reward, which helps your brain learn to desire the behavior. It's what you can use to create-or break-habits of your own.Here's how to apply it:Choose a cue, like leaving your running shoes by the door, then pick. a reward-say, a piece of chocolate when you get home from the gym. That way, the cue and the reward become interconnected. Finally, when you see the shoes, your brain will start longing for the reward, which will make it easier to work out day after day. The best part? In a couple of weeks, you won't need the chocolate at all. Your brain will come to see the workout itself as the reward. Which is the whole point, right?70. Which of the following best fits in the box with a “?” in THE HABIT LOOP?A. Pick a new cue.B. Form a new habit.C. Choose a new reward.D. Design a new resolution.71. According to THE HABIT LOOP, you can stick to your plan most effectively by______.A. changing the routineB. trying it for a weekC. adjusting your goalD. writing it down72. What's the purpose of putting the habit loop to use?A. To test out different kinds of cues.B. To do something as a habit even without rewards.C. To work out the best New Year's resolution.D. To motivate yourself with satisfactory rewards.73. "This year when I see the Harry Potter poster, I will read 30 pages of an English novel or an English newspaper in order to watch TV for half an hour." What is the cue in this resolution?A. The Harry Potter poster.B. Reading 30 pages of an English novel.C. An English newspaper.D. Watching TV for half an hour.(C)If you could be anybody in the world, who would it be? Your neighbour or a super star? A few people have experienced what it might be like to step into the skin of another person, thanks to an unusual virtual reality（虚拟现实）device. Rikke Wahl, an actress, model and artist, was one of the participants in a body swapping experiment at the Be Another lab, a project developed by a group of artists based in Barcelona. She swapped with herpartner, an actor, using a machine called The Machine to Be Another and temporarily became a man. "As I looked down, I saw my whole body as a man, dressed in my partner's pants," she said. "That's the picture I remember best."The set-up is relatively simple. Both users wear a virtual reality headset with a camera on the top. The video from each camera is sent to the other person, so what you see is the exact view of your partner. If she moves her arm, you see it. If you move your arm, she sees it.To get used to seeing another person's body without actually having control of it, participants start by raising their arms and legs very slowly, so that the other can follow along. Eventually, this kind of slow synchronised（同步的）movement becomes comfortable, and participants really start to feel as though they are living in another person's body.Using such technology promises to alter people's behaviour afterwards-potentially for the better. Studies have shown that virtual reality can be effective in fighting racism-the bias（偏见）that humans have against those who don't look or sound like them. Researchers at the University of Barcelona gave people a questionnaire called the Implicit Association Test, which measures the strength of people's associations between, for instance, black people and adjectives such as good, bad, athletic or awkward. Then they asked them to control the body of a dark skinned digital character using virtual reality glasses, before taking the test again. This time, the participants' bias scores were lower. The idea is that once you've "put yourself in another's shoes" you're less likely to think ill of them, because your brain has internalised the feeling of being that person.The creators of The Machine to Be Another hope to achievea similar result. "At the end of body swapping, people feel like holding each other in their arms," says Arthur Pointeau, a programmer with the project. "It's a really nice way to have this kind of experience. I would really, really recommend it to everyone."74. The word "swapping" (paragraph 1) is closest in meaning to_________.A. buildingB. exchangingC. controllingD. transplanting75. We can infer from the experiment at the Be Another lab that____________.A. our feelings are related to our bodily experienceB. we can learn to take control of other people's bodiesC. participants will live more passionately after the experimentD. The Machine to Be Another can help people change their sexes76. In the Implicit Association Test, before the participants used virtual reality glasses to control a dark skinned digital character, __________.A. they fought strongly against racismB. they scored lower on the test for racismC. they changed their behaviour dramaticallyD. they were more biased against those unlike them77. It can be concluded from the passage that_________.A. technology helps people realize their dreamsB. our biases could be eliminated through experimentsC. virtual reality helps promote understanding among peopleD. our points of view about others need changing constantlySection CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.More and more corporations are taking an interest in corporate social responsibility (CSR). CSR is made up of three broad layers. The most basic is traditional corporate charity work. Companies typically spend about 1% of pre-tax profits on worthy projects. But many feel that simply writing cheques to charities is no longer enough. In some companies, shareholders want to know that their money is being put to good use, and employees want to be actively involved in good works.Money alone is not the answer when companies come under attack for their behavior. Hence the second layer of CSR, which is a branch of risk management. Starting in the 1980s, with environmental disasters such as the explosion at Bhopal and the Exxon Valdez oil spill, industry after industry has suffered blows to its reputation.So, companies often responded by trying to manage the risks. They talk to non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and to governments, create codes of conduct（行为准则) and devote themselves to more transparency（透明）in their operations. Increasingly, too. they, along with their competitors, set common rules to spread risks.All this is largely defensive, but there are also opportunities for those that get ahead of the game. The emphasis on opportunity is the third layer of CSR: the idea that it can help to create value. If approached in a strategic way, CSR could become part of a company's competitive advantage. That is just the sortof thing chief executives like to hear. The idea of "doing well by doing good" has become popular.Nevertheless, the business of trying to be good is bringing difficult questions to executives. Can you measure CSR performance? Should you be cooperating with NGOs and you’re your competitors? Is there any really competitive advantage to be had from a green strategy?Corporate social responsibility is now seen as a mainstream. Big companies want to tell the world about their good citizenship with their devotion to social responsibilities. Done badly, CSR is often just window-dressing and can be positively harmful. Done well, though, it is not some separate activity that companies do on the side, a corner of corporate life reserved for virtue（美德）：it is just good business.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS)78. Both _________ in some companies find it no longer enough to simply donate money to charities.79. Give one example of the defensive measures of risk management according to the passage.80. With the emphasis on opportunity, the third layer of CSR is meant to_________.81. According to the passage, "good business" (paragraph 6) means that corporations ________ while making profits.第II卷（共47分）I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 我习惯睡前听点轻音乐。
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上海市继光高级中学2014届高考英语新题型试卷（冲刺精编）I. Grammar(A)IPad apps for babies are flooding the market. Developers say the apps are educational, and busy parents know that a digital babysitter (25)__________ buy them a few minutes of valuable time. But is the iPad a healthy thing for young kids?As (26)__________(report) by Healthland, the American Academy of Pediatrics(儿科) (AAP) has advised parents again (27)__________(eliminate) screen time for children under two, with concerns about language delays and disrupted s leep. The academy’s new report drew on studies (28)__________(show) that TV, whether it’s the parent or the child watching, interferes(干扰) with “talk time” between parent and child, (29)___ _______is crucial to language development.Does the TV effect appl y to iPads too? That’s not clear. “We just don’t have the data yet,” says Dr. Ari Brown, a pediatrician and member of the AAP.Perhaps (30)__________ depends on how you’re using it. Tablets used like a TV should fall under the same guidelines, says Tanya Altmann, a Los Angeles-based pediatrician and author of the best-selling parenting book Mommy Calls. However, she doesn’t rule out the possibility (31)__________ interactive apps may have some value for toddlers. “In some ways, applications are just (32)__________(new) versions of the game that we used to play when we were kids -- you tap the cow and it says ‘moo,’” she says.(B)Steve Jobs didn’t think that technology alone could fix what causes American education difficulties. Tha t’s worth (33)__________(remember) in the wake of last week’s breathless coverage of Apple’s new iBooks platform, (34)__________ the company promises will radically change (35)__________ students use and experience textbooks. Under Apple’s plan, companies and individuals will be able to self-publish textbooks, ideally (36)__________(create) a wider range of content. Students will be able to download and use these books on their iPad much (37)__________ they would use a regular textbook -- including highlighting passages, making notes and pulling out passages or chapters that are especially important to them. Apple says it also plans to cap(限制) the price of textbooks available through iBooks (38)__________ $14.99, a significant departure from the price of many textbooks now.Critics were quick to comment that Apple wasn’t being revolutionary enough. Former school superintendent(监管人) and current ed-tech investor Tom Vander Ark (39)__________(scold) Apple for not thinking past textbooks, which he considers hopelessly 20th century. Others worried that Apple’s real goal wasn’t to open up the textbook industry but (40)__________(control) it and profit from it through restrictive licensing agreements and a platform that dominates the market. I’m sure the for-profit company’s shareholders will be horrified at that news.II. VocabularyThe study of translation of advertising texts from the perspective of cultural elements involved is of great value and practical significance. Advertising is not only an economic activity but also a kind of cultural communication which (41)__________ people’s lifestyle and consumption habits. The rapid growth of international advertising has been introducing new ideas and culture as well as new commodities and services. Clearly, advertising culture is (42)_______ ___, commercial, national and fashionable. Therefore, a custom, belief or value, in a certain (43)__________, controls the thought and behavior of commercial traders and consumers, thus (44)_______ ___ advertising activities.The translation of advertising texts is different from that of literature or scientific papers in that the former focuses on economy and culture. Advertisements are not created in a cultural void(真空). The language used in an advertisement is not a direct (45)__________ of the culture, but a sign system used to communicate in that culture. Signs and symbols (46)__________ to a specific culture add to the meaning in advertisements. Behavior, custom, habits, (47)__________ and norms form the basis of a culture, and differentiate one culture from another on that basis.A problem (48)__________ when advertisements created in one culture are translated for use in another culture. It does not merely mean to find linguistic(语言学的) equivalents in the target language. It also means that a different social frame of reference has to be recreated in the target culture. thus, (49)__________ strategies(策略) have to be found to deal with cultural aspects when (50)__________ advertisements from one culture into another.III. Translation1.如果遇到火警，千万要冷静，并跟随保安前往安全地带。