(浙江省选考)2017年10月高考英语 专题二 写作指导与模拟训练 第二节 概要写作

第二节概要写作概要写作属于限制性写作，它是阅读理解和写作的有机结合。

所给短文的文体以说明文、议论文为主。

概要写作旨在考查考生的阅读理解能力和概括运用英语语言知识的能力。

该题型主要考查考生对大段阅读文字的概括能力，如考查考生对文章主旨大意的概括和准确获取关键词的能力。

同时，考查考生用简洁的语言概括文章重要信息的能力以及对文章整体结构的把握能力。

进行概要写作时，考生要把文章的具体信息用一些具有概括功能的词或句表述出来，而不是抄袭文章的原句，更不是把细节性信息作为中心。

考生要通过对文章中的单词、词组和句子进行合理转换，对文章的具体信息进行概括，再用合适的语言表达出来。

(一)写作步骤1．细读原文。

首先要仔细阅读所给短文，掌握文章主旨和结构，明确各段的大意。

2．弄清要求。

概要写作是写全文的概要，不是写某一部分的概要，也不是单独就某些问题写出要点。

3．列出原文要点。

分析原文的内容和结构，将内容分项扼要表述并注意在结构上的顺序。

在此基础上选出与文章主题密切相关的部分。

(二)写作方法1．速读语言材料，弄清文章寓意。

快速阅读所给文章，弄清文章体裁、明确文章主旨大意，采集分层信息点。

2．整合分层信息，确定写作要点。

运用构词法、上下文措辞技巧对文章信息整合再造，分层概括表述。

采用适当的词法、句法等语言知识确定写作任务的点睛句，把握写作任务要点。

3．牢记词数要求，使用地道表达。

明确写作词数的上下限，采用高级或精简句式浓缩多个信息点于一句中，高度概括所给文章内容。

弄清写作任务中的人称和时态，准确、地道地表达，充分展示语言的表现力。

(三)注意事项1．概要应包括原文中的主要事实，略去不必要的细节。

2．安排好篇幅的比例，概要应同原文保持协调，即用较多的文字写重要内容，用较少的文字写次要内容。

3．注意要点之间的衔接，要用适当的关联词语贯通全文，切忌只简单地罗列一些互不相干的句子，但也不要每两句之间都加关联词语，以免显得生硬。

4．尽量使用短句，慎用长难句。

多使用概括性词语，少用具体描述性词语。

不排斥用原文的某些词句，但不要照搬原文的句子，如果不能完全用自己的话语表达，至少对原文句子作一些同义词替换，如果结构上也能有一些转换会更好。

5．计算词数，看是否符合规定的词数要求。

以40－80词为宜。

1阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

In many societies，there is often greater acceptance of light skin than dark skin.Light skin may be seen as a mark of beauty，intelligence and success.These beliefs can lead to social pressure even within the same racial or ethnic group，if some members are darker skinned than others.The result is that skin lightening has become a common activity across Africa，Asia and other areas of the world.More and more people with dark skin are using skin­lightening products，even if they may face health risks.They believe that having whiter skin will improve their lives.Many people think they will have a better chance of getting a job or marrying into a better family.Or they want to look like what their society generally considers beautiful.Some beauty care products and soaps contain chemicals that make skin lighter.This process is also called bleaching(漂白)．But some of the chemicals are extremely dangerous.One of the chemicals has been linked to kidney(肾) damage and some kinds of cancer.It also causes low birth weight in babies when mothers use it during pregnancy.At first，bleaching products make the skin color lighter.But after long­term use they can cause problems.They can even make some skin darker.The chemicals in the products block and break down the natural process that gives color to skin.The skin loses its natural barrier to protect against sunlight.Then the skin can become thick and ually the person will use more of the product in an effort to correct the problem，but this only makes it worse.Doctor Ly，who works in a hospital，says the chemicals are now more dangerous because they are stronger.Some cases have resulted in blackened fingernails，infections and permanent skin damage.And these are not the only risks.Experts say some people whochange their skin color suffer emotional damage.They feel regret and sadness.They feel that instead of risking their health，they should have learned to love and accept their skin color as it was.2阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

Are you shy？If you are，you are not alone.In fact，close to 50 percent of people are shy.Almost 80 percent of people feel shy at some point in their lives.These days，shyness is becoming more and more common.Now，scientists are trying to understand shyness.They have some interesting ideas about why people are shy.Is it possible to be born shy？Many scientists say yes.They say 15 to 20 percent of babies behave shyly.These babies are a little quieter and more watchful than other babies.Interestingly.these shy babies usually have shy parents.As a result，scientists think that some shyness is genetic.Family size might cause people to be shy as well.Scientists at Harvard University studied shy children.They found that 66 percent of them had older brothers and sisters.As a result，they became shy.At the same time，children with no brothers and sisters may be shy as well.Growing up alone，they often play by themselves.They are not able to learn the same social skills as children from big families.You may also be shy because of where you were born.When scientists studied shynessin different countries，they found surprising differences.In Japan，most people said they were shy.But in Israel，only one of three people said so.What explains the difference？One scientist says the Japanese and Israelis have different opinions of failure.In Japan，when people do not succeed，they feel bad about themselves.They blame themselves for their failure.In Israel，the opposite is true.Israelis often blame failure on outside reasons，such as family，teachers，friends，or bad luck.In Israel，freedom of opinion and risk taking are strongly supported.This may be why Israelis worry less about failure and are less shy.For shy people，it can be difficult to make friends，speak in class，and even get a good job.But scientists say you can get over your shyness.They suggest trying new things and practicing conversation.And don’t forget—if you are shy，you are not the only one.3阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。