高三英语一轮复习语法专题：定语及定语从句
定语及定语从句[思维导图]Ⅰ.定语1．修饰或限定名词或代词的词、短语或从句被称为定语。
2．定语可由形容词、数词、形容词性物主代词、介词短语、非谓语动词或定语从句等充当。
3．定语有前置和后置两种情况，如短语结构、从句等作定语时，常置于被修饰词之后。
The beautiful girl is her daughter.(形容词和形容词性物主代词作前置定语)那个漂亮的女孩是她的女儿。
The building being repaired is our library.(非谓语动词作后置定语)正在修复的那幢楼是我们的图书馆。
Ⅱ.定语从句一、必须掌握的定语从句的3个概念及2种分类1．定语从句在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫作定语从句。
The boy who is reading needs the pen which you bought yesterday.那个在阅读的男孩需要你昨天买的钢笔。
(定语从句作后置定语)定语从句可以分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
2．先行词：被定语从句所修饰的词或句子叫先行词，作先行词的可以是：(1)一个词(通常是名词，也可以是代词)This is the place which is worth visiting.这是值得参观的地方。
He laughs best who laughs last.谁笑到最后，谁笑得最好。
(2)一个短语Many life’s problems which were solved by asking family members，friends or colleagues are beyond the capability of the extended family to resolve.许多以前可以通过询问家庭成员、朋友或者同事就能解决的生活问题，是现在的大家庭无力解决的。
(3)一个分句The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought，which took root in Europe long before people have realized how diverse languages could be.希腊人认为，语言结构和思维过程之间存在着某种联系。
这一观点是在人们尚未认识到语言的千差万别以前就早已在欧洲扎下了根。
(4)一个完整的句子I found an old man lying on the ground and I took him to hospital in a taxi immediately，which was why I was late that morning.我发现一个老人躺在马路上，我乘出租车立即把他送到了医院，这就是那天上午我迟到的原因。
3．关系词引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
关系词包括关系代词和关系副词。
关系词有三大作用：代指先行词，引导定语从句，在从句中作句子成分。
4．分类(1)限制性定语从句它是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。
这种从句与主句的关系十分密切，书写时不可用逗号分开。
如果关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语，关系代词通常可以省略。
Do you know the girl who just came in?你认识那个刚刚进来的女孩吗？The time when I first met Mr.White was a very difficult period of my life.我第一次遇见怀特先生的时候是一个我一生中非常困难的时期。
(2)非限制性定语从句它只是对先行词作附加补充说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚完整。
这种从句与主句的关系不是很密切，书写时往往用逗号分开。
非限制性定语从句一般不用that引导。
The old woman，who lives on her own, has a cat for company.这个老妇人一个人住，养了一只猫陪伴她。
He whispered to me the news，which was really amazing.他低声告诉我这个消息，它真令人惊叹。
二、正确使用关系词1．关系代词Those who are interested in the film can contact me.对该电影感兴趣的可与我联系。
My daughter，whose job requires her to do a lot of travelling，is always away from home.我的女儿总不在家，她的工作需要经常出差。
[名师指津] 关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
Tom is one of the engineers who are sent abroad.汤姆是被派往国外的工程师之一。
Tom is the only one of the engineers who has come up with the solution.汤姆就是唯一提出解决方案的那位工程师。
2．两组关系词的区别(1)4种只用that而不用which的情况：①先行词是不定代词或者先行词被不定代词所修饰时，关系代词通常只用that。
Do you have anything that you want to say for yourself?你有什么要为自己说的吗？②先行词被序数词、形容词最高级，the only，the very，the last等修饰时，关系代词通常只用that，不用which。
This is one of the most exciting football games that I have ever seen.这是我见过的最激动人心的足球比赛之一。
This is the only thing that we can do now.这是我们现在唯一能做的事情。
③先行词既有人又有物时，关系代词只用that，不用which。
The scientist and his achievements that you told me about are admired by us all.我们所有人都钦佩你告诉我的那位科学家和他所取得的成就。
④当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系代词也作表语时。
Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be.上海不再是过去的那座城市了。
(2)which与as引导非限制性定语从句的3点区别She married again ，which was unexpected.她再婚了，这是始料未及的。
She married again ，as we expected.正如我们预料的那样，她再婚了。
[名师指津] as 引导限制性定语从句常用于下列句式：such ＋名词＋as(像……一样的，像……之类的)；such(pron .)＋as(像……一样的，像……之类的)；the same ＋名词＋as(和……同样的)。
We have foundsuch materials as are used in their factory.我们已经找到了像他们工厂里用的那种材料。
I have the same book as he has.我和他有同样的书。
3．关系副词I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.我还记得第一次来北京的那一天。
The Voice of China has set up a big stage for young people with a talent for music ，where some have stood out among them.《中国好声音》为有音乐天赋的年轻人建立了一个大舞台，在这个舞台上一些人从中脱颖而出。
The reason why he failed in the exam w as that he didn’t study hard.他考试失败的原因是他学习不努力。
[名师指津] 当先行词为表示抽象地点的名词situation，case，stage，point等，且关系词在定语从句中作状语时，用关系副词where引导定语从句。
如果关系词在定语从句中作主语或宾语时则用关系代词which/that。
They have reached the point where they have to separate with each other.他们已经到了必须分手的地步。
4．“介词＋关系词”引导的定语从句Recently，I bought an ancient vase，the price of which was very reasonable.最近，我买了一个古董花瓶，它的价格很合理。
He has ten cousins，the youngest of whom is very clever.他有十个表兄弟，最小的那个很聪明。
The poor man has no house in which he can live.那个穷人没房子住。
Lily might possibly come，in which case I’ll ask her.莉莉可能会来，要是那样的话我就去问她。
There is a big window in my room，from where I can see the railway station.我的房间有一个大窗户，透过它我可以看到火车站。
“缺什么，补什么”，准确选用关系词1．如果先行词指人，定语从句中缺少主语，限制性定语从句中用who/that；非限制性定语从句用who。
2．如果先行词指人，定语从句中缺少宾语，限制性定语从句中用who/that/whom；非限制性定语从句用whom。
3．如果先行词指物，定语从句中缺少主语或宾语，限制性定语从句中用which/that；非限制性定语从句用which。
4．如果先行词指时间或地点，定语从句中缺少时间状语或地点状语，定语从句中用when/where; 如果从句中缺少的是主语或宾语，则用that/which。
5．不论先行词指人还是物，只要关系词在定语从句中作定语就用whose。
6．如果先行词指人，“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句中的关系词用whom，如果先行词指物，“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句中的关系词用which。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 ________ showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes.(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)『答案』that/which[根据句子结构可知，此处是定语从句的关系代词，在定语从句中作主语，其先行词是study，故填that/which。
2024届高考一轮复习英语语法专练课件(人教版)：定语从句
在复合句中，修饰某一名词、代词或整个主句的从句叫定语从句。 被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词，定语从句 放在先行词的后面。
考点精讲一——关系代词引导的定语从句
情景导入
A real friend is someone who① walks in when the rest of the world walk out.A real friend is someone whose② support we can count on.A real friend is someone who① sees our true self ， not just the face who/whom/that③ we show to the world.Yet these days，the modern tools that keep us connected are eating away at the meaning of friendship.We may be able to make many friends online，but these friendships can be quite shallow.Social media like blogs has come between us and the friends who/whom/that③ we love.
4.引导非限制性定语从句时as与which的区别
关系词
位置不同
表意不同
既可以放在主句前，也 意为“正如……”，后面的谓语动
as 可以放在主句后，有时 词多用see，know，expect，say，
还可插入主句中
mention，report等
which 通常放在主句之后
2023届高三英语一轮复习定语从句课件
6. The English plainy w_h_i_ch_____ my students acted at the party was a great success.
7. He is the manfro_m__w_h_o_s_e____ house the picture was
3. The Johnsons _w_h_o_s_e__ house was donated by a kind lady live a happy life with their twelve
children.
that
4. We are satisfied with the factories and workers
2. This is the pen __________ wrote the composition
yesterday.
with which
3. The way __in__w_h_ic_h__ she deals with garbage is quite unusual.
4. I will never forget the day _________ I joined
This is the house in which I lived two years ago. = This is the house where I lived two years ago.
EXERCISE
用 “介词+which/whom/whose”填空
1. Jean was her good frienfdro,m_w__h_o_m_____ she borrowed a necklace.
关系代词as的用法
1. 和such连用 The park is such a beautiful place as I want to visit again. 区分：The park is such a beautiful place that I want to visit it again. 2. 和the same连用 You must show my friend the same respect as you show me.
新高三英语提分培优通关练：一轮语法 专题01 定语从句(高考真题+名校模拟+写作升格)解析版
新高三英语提分培优通关练（高考真题+名校模拟）第02辑（一轮语法专辑）专题01 定语从句（高考真题+名校模拟+写作升格）解析版目录高考真题专区1名校模拟专区5写作升格专区11高考真题专区：练真题，明方向；练技巧，提能力；练速度，提分数！1.（2024新课标I卷）The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route 64 brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the richness of gardening in England.1. which/that考查定语从句。
句意：Mark Woodruff补充说：“这是当代设计的最高成就，在丝绸之路的尽头，中国亚热带西南部的植物群从温带的欧洲穿过山脉、干旱的土地和高山牧场，这些植物从亚洲的原生栖息地带到英国，定义了英国园艺的丰富和荣耀。
”空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词design，先行词指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，用关系代词which或that引导从句。
故填which/that。
2.（2024全国甲卷）Yellowstone was the largest United States national park -2.2 million acres -until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, 70 became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres.2. which考查定语从句。
高三英语大一轮复习讲义 语法知识 专题八 状语从句 新人教版
专题八 状语从句、定语从句状语从句一、时间状语从句1．before 引导的从句中不用否定式谓语。
常用如下句型： It is long before...(过了好久才……) It is not long before...(过了不久就……)2．since 后面所用动词不同，该动词所表示动作持续时间的计算方法也不同。
⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧since ＋瞬间动词过去式从该动作发生时算起since ＋持续性动词过去式从动作结束时算起It is two years since he joined the army. It is two years since he smoked. 二、地点状语从句多由where 和wherever 引导。
Where there is a will ，there is a way. 二、原因状语从句在表示原因时，because 语气最重，其次是as ，since ，now that ，故在回答why 问句或者在强调句对原因进行强调时，只能用because 。
for 是并列连词，表示推测的理由或者进一步说明，不能放在句首，for 前要用逗号。
—Why were you absent? —Because I was ill. 三、目的状语从句1．so that/in order that 引导的目的状语从句中的谓语动词多用can/could/may/might/will/would ＋动词。
Please turn off the light so that I can go to sleep. 2．for fear that ，in case ，lest 表示“以防，免得”。
He is working hard for fear that he should fail. 四、条件状语从句1．providing/provided (that)假如，假若Providing (that) no one has further questions ，the meeting will be over. 2．on the understanding that ＝on condition that 在……条件下I give you money on the understanding that you finish your homework.五、结果状语从句注意such 引导的结果状语从句与定语从句的区别。
定语从句+课件+2025届高考英语一轮复习
5. The fish (which )we bought were not fresh.(宾语)
(主语)
1.2 关系代词who, whom
who, whom 在从句中分别作主语和宾语，指人。
Please describe an occasion where you met difficulties. 请描述你所遇到的困境的场景。
1. I still remember that day when I first came to Nanjing. I still remember that day. I first came to Nanjing on that day.
I am sure she has something (that) you can borrow. (2) 先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much, few等修饰时
I’ve read all the books that are not mine. (3) 先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时
1.3 关系代词whose
whose 在从句中作定语，指人或物。 1. Mr Liu wants to talk to the students whose homework hasn’t been handed in.
2. This is the book whose cover is blue.
It’s helpful to put children in a situation where they can see themselves differently.
专题01定语从句十大考点归纳(清单)-高考英语一轮复习知识清单(全国通用)
专题01 定语从句十大考点（解析版）讲义目录定语从句高考考点细目表P1 考点清单一、关系代词that和which典型用法对比P2 考点清单二、关系代词whose, who, whom典型用法归纳P4 考点清单三、关系副词where典型用法归纳P5 考点清单四、关系副词when典型用法归纳P5 考点清单五、关系副词why 典型用法归纳P6 考点清单六、如何区分先行词作状语还是宾语P6 考点清单七、关系代词as典型用法归纳P7 考点清单八、定语从句“介词+关系代词”结构P8 考点清单九、定语从句中的主谓一致典型用法P9 考点清单十、分割型定语从句及强调句型、名词性从句变式考查P9 分类训练（一）高考真题P10 分类训练（二）模拟试题P11 分类训练（三）单句改错P12 分类训练（四）句式升级（书面表达）P12 分类训练（五）语篇运用（外刊原创）P13 （一）二十四节气之夏至来历及风俗P13（二）英雄猫及时施救心脏病主人P15近年高考真题定语从句考点细目表考点清单一、关系代词that和which典型用法对比要点精讲1：I don’t like the way that/in which you speak to your mum. 我不喜欢你对妈妈说话的方式。
（the way在定语从句充当方式状语）【即时训练】用关系代词that或which填空。
1. I don’t like the way _______you speak to her.2. He is the only man __________ I can find for the work.3. He is no longer the man _________he was five years ago.4. The first English novel __________ I read was Gone With Wind.5. This is one of the most exciting football games _______ I have ever seen.6. John told his parents about the cities and the people _________ he had visited.7.（2014全国I卷）Maybe you leave a habit ________is driving your family crazy.8.（2015全国I卷）I’d skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River _________are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings.9. (2018全国II卷)The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government started a soil-testing program ___ ___ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers---and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.10.（2020全国III卷）Understanding her good intentions, I eat all the food what is provided by Mom with appreciation. （短文改错）【答案与解析】1. that。
高三英语一轮复习语法专题---定语从句知识点梳理与题库
定语从句知识点梳理1.定语从句：定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分，相当于形容词，所以又称为形容词性从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。
2.关系词：引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有where, when, why等。
关系词常有3个作用：1.引导定语从句2.代替先行词3.在定语从句中担当一个成分。
3. 先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词、代词称为先行词。
一、关系词的用法(一)关系代词who, whom, whose, that, which（在句中作主语、宾语或定语）关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。
关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
1）who, whom, that这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下：Is he the man who/that wants to see you?他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人。
（whom/that在从句中作宾语）2) Whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）, 如：They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.3）which, that它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如：A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.4) asAs用于先行词前有as, so, such, the same修饰的限制性定语从句.You can take as many books as you need.(二) 关系副词when, where, why（在句中作状语）1. when指时间，在定语从句中做时间状语(1) I still remember the day when I first came to the school.(2) The time when we got together finally came.2. where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语(1) Shanghai is the city where I was born.(2) The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.3. why指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语(1) Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.(2) I don’t know the reason why he looks unhappy today.注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换(1) The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear,(2) From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when hegrew up.注意：介词+关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时1. 含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用，如：look for, look after, take care of等(1) This is the watch which/that I am looking for. (T)(2) This is the watch for which I am looking. (F)2. 若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时用whom，不可用who或者that；指物时用which，不能用that；关系代词是所有格时用whose(1) The man with whom you talked is my friend. (T)(2) The man with that you talked is my friend. (F)3. “介词+关系代词”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few等代词或者数词(1) He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.(2) In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad.4. 介词后面的关系词不能省略。
高考英语一轮复习语法知识必备：06.定语从句
(3)先行词是形容词的最高级或序数词或被形容词的最高级、序数词修饰时。 That is the best film that has ever been shown so far in the city. When it comes to Jinan, the first that comes to mind is the spring water. (4)先行词既有人又有物时。 My mother and her old friends talked of things and persons that they remembered in the school. (5)主句的主语是疑问词who或which时。 Who is the person that is standing at the gate?
【要点归纳】
关系代词 who whom
whose(=of whom/of which)
that which
as
先行词 人 人
关系代词一览表 句法功能
主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)、表语 宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)
人或物
定语
人或物 物
人或物
主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)、表语 主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略) 主语、宾语、表语
④(2024·济南模拟) The night market, _w_h_o_s_e__flexibility provides more employment alternatives for job-seekers, has brought joy and fun for consumers. ⑤(2024·焦作模拟) As a symbol of ancient Chinese civilization, the Great Wall is one of the world’s oldest and most magnificent (壮丽的) man-made scenes, _w__h_ic_h__ has a long history.
高中英语一轮复习-第2部分语法专题-专题11定语从句
高三总复习 ·人教版 ·英语
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第二部分 专题十一
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一、关系代词 who, whom, whose 引导的定语从句 1．who 指人，在定语从句中作主语。如： The little boy who is singing there can recite quite a number of poems. 正在那儿唱歌的那个小男孩能背诵很多首诗。 2．whom 指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，可省略。如： The author (whom) you criticized has written a letter in reply. 你批评的那位作者写了一封回信。
我到了应该作出人生抉择的时刻。
高三总复习 ·人教版 ·英语
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第二部分 专题十一
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七、关系副词 why 引导的定语从句 关系副词 why 引导定语从句时，修饰表示原因的名词。 只能在定语从句中作原因状语，很多时候可以省略。如： The reason why he didn't pass the driving test was that he lacked practice. 因为缺少实践，他没有通过驾驶考试。
我去年买的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。
高三总复习 ·人教版 ·英语
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第二部分 专题十一
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三、as/which 引导定语从句的区别 1．在限制性定语从句中，which 指代先行词是物的名词 或代词，而 as 指代先行词是物或人的词，且先行词前一般 有 as, so, such, the same 等限定语。 There are as many dictionaries as are needed. 所需要的字典都有了。
高考英语一轮复习专题三：定语从句
第五章定语从句He is a man who/that means what he says.他是一个说话算数的人。
The people who/that you met in thecampus yesterday are from England.Is there anyone in your department whose father is a painter?The young man with whom I travelled could speak English.The book which /that you are reading is written by a novelist.★1.This is the room ABC I cleaned just now.This is the room D I stayed just now.A thatB whichC /D where2.I’ll remember the day ABC we spent together.I’ll remember the day D we danced together.A thatB whichC /D when3.This is Mr.smith A teaches English in our school.This is Mr.smith with B we often playbasketball after school.This is Mr.smith C daughter studies in our class.This is our school C teachers are kind and friendly.A whoB whomC whoseD its一．定语从句中关系代词和关系副词的区别关系代词/关系副词：在先行词和定语从句中起连接作用的词，他们代表先行词，同时在从句中担任一定的句子成分.区别一：所指代先行词不同区别二：在句中所担任成分不同1.Is he the man who /that wants to see you?2.He is the man whom/that I saw yesterday.3.Please pass me the book whose cover is green.4.The package that/which you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.5.Dong guan is the place where I was born.6.I’ll never forget the day when we first met each other.7.Do you know the reason why he left home early?8.This is the mountain village that/which I visited last year.9.I will show you the point where you fail.10.He had to face the conditions where pressure was heavy.11.I won’t forget the time that/which you have told me.12.There was a time when man ate things raw.（过去有个时期，人类吃生东西）13.She is looking forward to the day when her daughter wins the championship.14.The reason why he can not come is that he is ill.15.The reason that/which he told me is not true.方法一：看定语从句中的谓语动词，如果谓语动词是及物动词而且后面且无宾语必须用关系代词，而不及物动词用关系副词。