2015年中考英语常考语法和词汇知识归纳及训练习题

中考语法考点1. 当名词作定语修饰名词时，当修饰词为man 和woman 时，将man 或woman 与被修饰的名词同时变成复数，当修饰词不是man 或woman 时，只把被修饰词变为复数。

2. 只有复数形式的名词：由两个相同部分构成的名词一般都以复数形式出现。

例：glasses 眼镜trousers 裤子gloves 手套shoes 鞋子socks 袜子jeans 牛仔裤3. 只用复数形式的名词短语do exercises 做操take turns 轮流take notes 做笔记in dozens 成打的make friends with 与……交朋友shake hands with 同…. 握手4. 单、复数意义相同的名词make faces/ a face 做鬼脸play jokes/ a joke on sb 开某人的玩笑have talks/ a talk with sb 同某人交谈单、复数意义不同的名词have a word with sb 同某人说句话have words with sb 同某人吵架make cloth 织布make clothes 制衣5. 有些抽象名词可用复数形式表示具体的事物。

①I had great difficulty (in) learning English .He faced many difficulties (具体困难)②You are my last hopeWe have many hopes for future.(具体希望)6. in 表示|“用（方式，材料，途径，语言）”，也可用于表示交通方式，用“in + one’s + car”He wrote many letters in English.You can do this in a different way.in 表示“在…..方面”7. on 表示“论述”，常与speak , talk , write , lecture 等词连用。

He is writing a book on cooking .The professor is going to speak on the importance of learning foreign languages. 8. instead 与instead ofIf you are very busy, you may come another day instead.I will go instead of youMr Li gave us a lesson instead of Miss Liu.9. 并列连词and连接并列主语的几种情况。

当and 连接的两个名词指同一人或物（即and后无冠词）时，谓语动词仍用单数形式。

The worker and writer is coming tomorrow.10. 当and 连接的两个单数名词前都有every ,each 或no 修饰时，谓语动词用单数形式。

Each boy and each girl is going to take part in the sports meeting next week.11. what 从句做主语What 从句做主语，如果表示的是单数意义，则位于动词用单数，如果表示的是复数形式，则位于动词用复数。

What he wanted to know was why they didn’t tell him.12. 方式状语从句方式状语从句用以描述主句动作的方式，通常由as(按照) ，as if, as though 等引导。

I’ll do as you tell me .He treats me as if I’m a stranger.The man talks about Rome as though he had been there himself.13. 原因状语从句。

表示理由或原因的状语从句，常用连词为because , since 和as.I lent him my bike because he needed it .As he is not ready , we must go without him.Since everyone can make mistakes , I want to give him a chance.14. 地点状语从句由where, wherever 引导。

I will follow you wherever you go.Where there is a will , there is a way.15. as soon as 表示“一…..就”这类从句中，一般遵循“主将从现”原则。

As soon as he arrives, I’ll tell him .I will give you a call as soon as I get there.16. A man told yu Gong that he could never do it.一个人告诉愚公他绝不可能把山移走。

【解析1】tell sb. that 告诉某人【辨析】speak/talk/say/tell(1) 说某种语言用speak speak English 说英语(2) 与某人交谈用talk talk with sb.= talk to sb. 与某人交谈(3) 强调说话内容用say say it in English 用英语说(4) 告诉某人用tell tell sb. to do sth 告诉某人做某事17.need 既可作情态动词，也可作实义动词，need 作情态动词主要用于疑问句，否定句。

否定式为needn’t ;作实义动词有人称，数，时态的变化，肯定式为need to do , 否定式为don’t need to do .例Need you go soon?We needn’t hurry.Does he need to know it ?He needs to finish his homework first.18.(1) had better “最好”，没有人称的变化，后接不带to的不定式。

You had better go there by bus.(2) 否定式为had better not.You had better not give the book to him.19.get away 离开；逃脱；take away 拿走；带走；send away 撵走；开除；throwaway扔掉20.clear up 清理end up 结束make up 编写；化妆21 . knock off 把….撞下来；take off 起飞；脱衣服；show off 炫耀22. require 需要reduce 需要remove 移除；迁移repeat 重复23. come up with 想出；put up 举起；建立；张贴call up 打电话；set up 建立24. take after 性格相像；take part in 参加活动25. help sb put 帮助某人解决困难remind sb of sth 使某人想起let sb down 使某人沮丧26. come out 出版come over 顺便来访27.dress up 打扮stay up 熬夜；mix up 混合show up 炫耀；come up 出现；发生28. put out 熄灭；put away 拿走；put up 张贴；put off 推迟29. give away 捐赠30. 表示分数的短语在句中作主语时，如果后面的名词是可数名词复数，则谓语动词用复数;如果后面的名词是不可数名词，则谓语动词用单数。

例：In 1850, about a third of the USA _______ covered by forest.A. wereB. has beenC. wasD. /31. one and a half 的后面要接复数名词，作主语时谓语动词要用单数形式。

32. 复合句的主句是I think(expect, suppose, believe, suspect, imagine)时，附加问句要根据主句的主语而定，当主语时第一人称时，要根据从句而定，主语为二，三人称时，与主句保持一致，并且要注意否定的转移。

I don’t think he is a good student, is he(a good student) ?She doesn’t think he will come ; does she (think so)?33. Let’s 开头的祈使句的反义疑问句用shall we ; let us 开头的祈使句的反义疑问句用will you . 例：Let’s go there, shall we?Let us go there, will you ?34. 祈使句的反意疑问句，一般在句尾加will you .Give me a hand, will you ?Don’t forget it, will you ?书面表达昨天你高兴地看到许多同学知识校园里自觉地做了一些事去保护环境，请你以“Learn from them”为题给你校英语周刊投稿，内容包括同学们在校园里的具体做法以及你要向他们学习什么。

提示词：pick up the trash; plant; reuse; save Learn From Them.Nowadays more and more people have done a lot to protect the environment. Yesterday, I was glad to see many students volunteer their time to make our school environment better. Some students picked up the trash on the playground , some students planted the trees, and other students made posters calling on people to lead a low-carbon life.I was moved by what they did. The environment protection is not only the business of the government , but also the responsibility of each of us. Even a small effort can make a great difference so I made up my mind to learn from them.I will turn off the lights when I leave the room, and I won’t keep the water running while I am not using it. Besides , reusing some old things I plan to throw away will be my choice. What’s more, I will remind people around me to tale part in such activities.Action speak louder than words. Let’s work together.某英文报纸就他/她的微笑（His/Her smile）话题征文，请你投稿。