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优美眼睛：BSC301 05 眼亮器说明书

Optimode TechnologyMulti-temperature surfaceSilicon acupoint stimulusUSB cable, Travel pouchBSC301/05All in one solution, to ﬁghtpuﬀy, fatigue, dry eyes, dark circles, ﬁne lines98% of consumers* agree that the eye brightener helps them radiate energy from their eyes instantly!With one device refresh, relax and detoxOptimal treatment settings address 5 diﬀerent eye concerns2 min cool mode reduces puﬃness and refreshes4 min warm mode relieves eye fatigue and dryness3-step mode combats dark circles and ﬁne line formingDual-sided treatment headConcave surface for comfortable warm and cool treatmentsAcupoint stimulus surface with soft silicone touchpointsSafe and gentle, professionally designedDeveloped with skin expertsEyes are away from all signs of fatigue eﬀectivelyConvenientLight & sound guides lead you easily through treatmentsNeoprene travel pouch for protectionUSB charging for increased ﬂexibilityHighlightsOptimode TechnologyOptimized settings automatically choose the best temperature to address 5 diﬀerent eye concerns. A cold treatment to reduce puﬃness and refresh your eyes. A warm treatment to increase blood ﬂow to diminish fatigue and stimulate tear glands to help moisturize eyes.A combination program with acupoint stimulus to support natural lymph drainage with improved blood circulation to combat dark circles and release stress & muscle tension to prevent risk of ﬁne line forming.Refresh ModeA professionally designed 1 min cold treatment per eye at ~19°C, reduces swelling and cools the eye area by 8 degrees to give you a fresh feeling sensation.Relax ModeA professionally designed 2-minute warm treatment per eye at ~40°C, relaxes, de-stresses your eyes. It also triggers theproduction of essential oils in the eye area,preventing dryness and fatigue caused by extensive computer work.Detox ModeA professionally designed 3-step program increases microcirculation to combat dark circles, prevents early ﬁne line forming and gives your eyes a healthy glow. Step 1: A warm treatment for 90 seconds per eye at ~40°C stimulates blood ﬂow, triggering fresh oxygen and nutrient delivery. Step 2: A 30-second acupoint stimulation under each eye, with silicone touchpoints, prompts lymph drainage and relieves tensions in the eye muscles to prevent early ﬁne line forming. Step 3: A 15-second cold treatment at ~19°C per eye which constricts blood vessels, making dark circles less visible.Multi-temperature surfaceOur specially designed multi-temperaturesurface covers the entire eye, while giving you precisely-timed warm or cool treatments at optimal temperatures. Its rounded, concave shape prevents your sensitive inner eye from receiving too much pressure.Acupoint stimulus surfaceOur acupoint stimulus surface has 60 silicone touchpoints to help you stimulate lymph drainage.Developed with skin expertsPhilips Eye Brightener has been developed in collaboration with expert scientists and researchers.Visible result*92% of consumers perceive that the refresh setting could reduce eye puﬃness; 92%consumers agree that the relax setting could reduce eye fatigue; 86% consumers report that the relax setting could reduce eye dryness;82% consumers perceive that the detox setting could reduce dark circles. **78% consumers notice that the detox setting could help to release muscle tensions to prevent early ﬁne lines.Light and sound guidesLight and sound guides indicate when the device is ready and lead you through each treatment. A blinking light signals when the Eye Brightener is ready to use. Blue or red lights indicate cool or warm treatments,respectively. And sound alerts tell you when to switch eyes or move to the next treatment.Travel pouchStylish neoprene pouch protects your device when you travel.SpeciﬁcationsAccessoriesPouch: Travel pouchDesignColor: WhiteEase of use3 optimal settings: Refresh, Relax, Detox Fits into your daily routine: Use day or night Light guide: Blinks for preparation time, Blue or red for chosen settingSound guide: Left eye/right eye treatment,Change treatment surfacesDisplay: 3 optimal settings, Massage headindicator, Switch eye indicator, Not availableindicator, Battery indicatorCleaning: Wipe with damp towelOperation: Cordless usePowerBattery type: Lithium-ionCharging: USB chargingAutomatic voltage: 100-240 VService2-year warranty: On the handleEye BrightenerDual-sided treatment head: Acupoint stimulussurface, Multi-temperature surfaceOptimode Technology: Optimal cure per eyeconcernRefresh mode: 2 min cool mode at ~19°CRelax mode: 4 min warm mode at ~40°CDetox mode: 3-step combination program* Test conducted with 52 Chinese women respondentsby an independent agency in 2016.* *Independent test results on 77 females at 4 weekstreatment, China 2016© 2019 Koninklijke Philips N.V.All Rights reserved.Speciﬁcations are subject to change without notice. Trademarks are the property of Koninklijke Philips N.V. or their respective owners.Issue date 2019‑07‑02 Version: 5.0.1。

『美国眼科英文缩写对照表』-

abd┃abdominal 腹部的ABK┃aphakic bullous keratopathy无晶体性大泡性角膜病变abn┃abnormal异常ac┃before meals餐前AC┃anterior chamber前房ACC┃accommodation调节ACG┃angle-closure glaucoma闭角青光眼ACIOL┃anterior chamber intraocular lens前房型眼内晶体add┃adduction or reading additional powe r内收；阅读另加屈光力ad lib┃as desired当需要时adv┃advanced高度AIBSE┃acute idiopathic blind spot enlargement急性特发性盲点扩大综合征AIDS┃acquired immunodeficiency syndrome艾滋病AION┃arteritic ischemic optic neuropathy动脉缺血性视神经病变┃anterior ischemic optic neuropathy前部缺血性视神经病变AKS┃ankyl osing spondylitis强直性脊椎炎AL┃argon laser氩激光ALPI┃argon laser peripheral iridoplasty氩激光周边虹膜成形术ALT┃argon laser trabeculoplasty氩激光小梁成形术AMA┃against medical advice违反医疗忠告ambl┃amblyopia弱视AMD┃age-related macular degeneration年龄相关性黄斑变性AMN┃acute macular neuroretin opathy急性黄斑神经视网膜病变AMPPE┃acute multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy 急性多病灶性盾鳞状色素上皮病变AMPPPE┃acute multifocal posterior placoid pigment epitheliopathy急性多病灶性后部盾鳞状色素上皮病变ANA┃antinuclear antibody抗核抗体ant┃anterior前APMPPE┃acute posterior multifocal placoid p igment epitheliopathy 急性后部多病灶性盾鳞状色素上皮病变AODM┃adult-onset diabetes mellitus成人（发病）型糖尿病AP┃anteroposterior前后APD┃afferent pupillary defect瞳孔传入缺陷approx┃approximately大约APTT┃activated partial thromboplastin time激活部分促凝血酶原激酶时间ARC┃anomalous retinal correspondenc e异常视网膜对应ARMD┃age-retinal pigment epitheliitis年龄相关性黄斑变性ARN┃acute retinal necrosis急性视网膜坏死ARPE┃acute retinal pegment epitheliitis急性视网膜色素上皮炎art┃artificial tears人工泪液AS┃anterior synechia前粘连ASA┃aspirin(acetylsalicylic acid)阿司匹林ASAP┃as soon as possible尽快地ASC┃anterior subcapsular cataract前囊下白内障ASCVD┃atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease动脉硬化性心血管病ASHD┃atherosclerotic heart disease动脉硬化性心脏病astig┃astigmatism散光ATR┃against-the-rule(astigmatism)逆规性（散光）AU┃anterior uveitis前葡萄膜炎AVM┃arteriovenous malformation动静脉畸形A/V┃arteriolar/venous(ratio,nicking)小动脉/静脉（比，压痕）AZOOR┃acute zonal occult outer retinopathy急性区域性隐匿性外层视网膜病变Bas┃basophils嗜碱细胞BC┃base curve基底曲线BCC┃basal cell carcinoma基底细胞癌BCP┃birth control pill避孕丸BCR┃base curve radius基底弯曲半径BCVA┃best corrected visua l acuity最佳矫正视力BD┃base down底向下BDR┃background diabetic retinopathy背景型糖尿病性视网膜病变BI┃base in底向内bid┃twice a day一日两次bilat┃bilateral两侧性BIO┃binocular indirect ophthalmoscope双眼间接检眼镜BK┃bullous keratopathy大泡性角膜病变bleph┃blepharitis睑缘炎BM┃basement membrane基底膜BO┃b ase out 底向外BP┃blood pressure血压BRAO┃branch retinal artery occlusion视网膜分枝动脉阻塞BRVO┃branch retinal vein occlusion视网膜分枝静脉阻塞BU┃base up底向上BUT┃break-up time泪膜破裂时间BVA┃best visual acuity最佳视力bx┃biopsy活检c┃with与c┃cornea角膜CA┃carcinoma癌CABG┃coronary artery byp ass graft冠状动脉旁路移植CAD┃coronary artery disease冠状动脉病CAI┃carbonic anhydrase inhibitor碳酸酐酶抑制剂Cap ┃capsule胶囊CAR┃cancer-associated retinopathy癌相关性视网膜病变cat┃cataract白内障CAT┃computed axial tomography计算机体层摄影术CB┃ciliary body睫状体CBC┃complete blood count完全血细胞计数cc┃with correction矫正（视力）cc┃chief complaint主诉CCA┃common carotid artery颈总动脉CCT┃computer-assisted corneal topography角膜地形图仪C/D┃cup-to-disc ratio杯/盘比CF┃count fingers数指CFZ┃capillary-free zone无毛细血管地带C＆F┃cells and flare细胞和光带（闪光）CHF┃congestive heart failure充血性心力衰竭CHI┃closed head injury闭合性头颅外伤CHRPE┃congenital hypertrophy of retinal pigment epithelium先天性视网膜色素上皮肥厚CK┃conductive keratoplasty传导性角膜成形术CL┃contact lens,clear接触镜，透明CME┃cystoid macular edema囊样黄斑水肿cmv┃cytomegalovirus巨细胞病毒CN┃cranial nerve脑神经CNS┃centr al nervous system中枢神经系统CNV┃choroidal neovascularization脉络膜新生血管形成CNVM┃choroidal neovascular membrane脉络膜新生血管膜c/o┃complaining of主诉COAG┃chronic open-angle glaucoma慢开角青光眼cong┃congenital先天性conj┃conjunctiva结膜COP┃cicatricial ocular pemphigoid瘢痕性眼类天疱疮COPD┃c hronic obstructive pulmonary disease慢性阻塞性肺病CP┃cerebral palsy大脑麻痹CPEO┃chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia慢性进行性眼外肌麻痹CPR┃cardiopulmonary resuscitation心肺复苏术CR┃chorioretinal脉络膜视网膜CRAO┃central retinal artery occlusion视网膜中央动脉阻塞CRF┃chronic renal fai lure慢性肾衰竭CRT┃corneal refractive therapy角膜屈光矫正法CRVO┃central retinal vein occlusion视网膜中央静脉阻塞C＆S┃culture and sensitivity培养和敏感性CSCR┃central serous chorioretinopathy中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变CSF┃cerebrospinal fluid脑脊髓液CSME┃clinical significant macular edema临床意义性黄斑水肿CSR┃central serous retinopathy中心性浆液性视网膜病变csw┃corneoscleral wound角膜巩膜创伤CT┃cover test遮盖试验┃computed tomography计算机体层摄影CT scan┃computed tomographic scan计算机体层扫描CV┃color vision色觉CVA┃cerebrovascular accident脑中风CVD┃cardiovascular disease 心血管病CWS┃cotton-wool spot棉絮斑Cx┃culture（微生物）培养CXR┃chest x-ray film胸部X光片cyl┃cylinder柱镜d┃days天D┃diopter or diameter屈光度或直径D/C┃discontinue停止D＆C┃deep and clear（前房）深而透明DD┃disc diameter视盘直径DDx┃differential diagnosis鉴别诊断DFE┃dilated fundus examination扩瞳检查眼底D＆I┃ dilation and i rrigation（泪道）扩张和灌洗DHD┃dissociated horizontal deviation分离性水平偏斜dia┃diameter直径disp┃dispense配药DM┃diabetes mellitus糖尿病DR┃diabetic retinopathy糖尿病视网膜病变DV┃distance vision远距离视力DVA┃distance vision acuity远距离视力DVD┃dissociated vertical deviation分离性垂直偏离DW┃daily wear每日戴（接触镜）Dx┃diagnosis诊断DX┃Diamox醋氮酰胺E┃esophoria at far内隐斜（视远）E’ ┃esophoria at near内隐斜（视近）ECA┃external carotid artery颈外动脉ECCE┃extracapsular cataract extraction白内障囊外摘除术EDTA┃ethylene dianline tetraacctic acid乙烯dianline tetraacctic酸EEG┃electroencep halogram脑电图EF┃eccentric fixation离心注视EKC┃epidemic keratoconjunctivitis流行性角结膜炎EKGorECG┃electrocardiogram心电图ELISA┃enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay酶连结免疫吸收测定EMM┃epimacular membrane黄斑表面膜endo┃endothelium内皮细胞ENT┃ear,nose,throat耳鼻喉EOG┃electro-oculogram眼电图EOM┃extraocular muscles眼外肌eos┃eosinophil嗜酸型细胞epi┃epithelium上皮细胞ER┃emergency room急诊室ERG┃electroretinogram视网膜电图ERM┃epiretinal membrane视网膜表面膜ESR┃erythrocyte sedimentation rate血沉ET┃esotropia at far内斜视（视远）ET’ ┃esotropia at near内隐斜（视近）E（T）orIET┃intermit tent esotropia at far间歇性内隐斜（视近）E（T）’orIET’┃ intermittent esotropia at near间歇性内隐斜（视远）ETOH┃ethyl alcohol乙醇，酒精EUA ┃examination under anesthesia全麻下检查EW┃extended wear长期戴用（接触镜）EXT┃external ocular examination外眼检查exoph┃exophthalmos眼球突出FA┃fluorescein angiogr aphy荧光素血管造影FAZ┃fluorescein angiography中心凹无血管地带FB┃foreign body异物FBS┃fasting blood sugar空腹血糖FC┃finger count数指FFA┃fundus fluorescein angiography荧光素眼底血管造影FHorFHx┃family history家族史fl┃fluorescein荧光素FMHx┃family medical history家族病史FML┃fluorometholone弗米隆F OHx┃family ocular history家族眼病史FR┃foveal reflex中心凹反光FROM┃full range of motion运动范围完整FTA-ABS┃fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption test荧光密螺旋体抗体吸收试验FTMH┃full-thickness macular hole黄斑全层裂孔f/u┃follow-up随访GC┃gonorrhea or gonococcus淋病或淋菌GCA┃giant cell a rteritis巨细胞性动脉炎gent┃gentamicin庆大霉素GI┃gastrointestine胃肠GLC┃glaucoma,glucose青光眼，葡萄糖fonio┃gonioscopy前房角镜检查GPC┃giant papillary conjunctivitis巨乳头性结膜炎gr┃grain 谷（=0.065克）gt or gtt┃drop(Plural,gtt)滴（复数，gtt）GTT┃glucose tolerance test葡萄糖耐量试验GVF┃Goldmann vis ual field Goldmann视野H or hr(hrs) ┃hour小时HA┃headache头痛Hb,Hgb┃hemoglobin血红蛋白HCL┃hard contact lens硬性接触镜Hct┃hematocrit血细胞比容HCTZ┃hydrocholorothiazide呋塞米（双氢克尿塞）hem┃hemorrhage出血HIV┃human immunodeficiency virus人类免疫缺陷病毒HLA┃histocompatibility locus antigen or human leukocyte antigen组织相容性基因位点抗原或人类白细胞抗原h/o┃history of历史HM┃hand motion手动H＆P┃history and physical病史和体格hs┃at bedtime在就寝时间HSK┃herpes simplex keratitis单纯疱疹性角膜炎HSV┃herpes simplex virus单纯疱疹病毒HT┃hypertropia at far上斜视（远距离）HT’ ┃hypertropia at near上斜视（近距离）HTN┃hypertension高血压HVF┃Humphrey visual field Humphrey视野Hx┃history历史HZO┃herpes zoster ophthalmicus眼带状疱疹I┃iris虹膜I＆A┃irrigation and aspiration灌注和抽吸IBx┃incisional biopsy切口性活检IC┃iridocyclitis虹膜睫状体炎ICA┃internal carotid artery颈内动脉ICCE┃intracapsular c ataract extraction白内障囊内摘除术ICE┃inidocorneal endothelial syndrome虹膜角膜内皮综合征ICG┃indocyanine green吲哚青绿ICP┃intracranial pressure颅内压ICU┃intensive care unit监护病房I＆D┃incision and drainage切开引流术IDDM┃insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus胰岛素依赖糖尿病IDU┃idoxuridine疱疹净IFIOL┃iris-fixated intraocular lens虹膜固定眼内晶体Ig┃immunoglobulin免疫球蛋白IK┃interstitial keratitis基质性角膜炎Im┃intramuscular肌内Imp┃impression印象inf┃inferior下inj┃injection注射INO┃internuclear ophthalmoplegia核间眼肌麻痹INQ┃inferonasal quadrant鼻下象限int┃intermittent间歇性IOF B┃intraocular forergn body眼内异物IOH┃intraocular hemorrhage眼内出血IOL┃intraocular lens眼内晶状体，人工晶体ION┃ischemic optic neuropathy缺血性视神经病变IOP┃intraocular pressure眼压IR┃infrared红外线IRMA┃intraretinal microvascular abnormality视网膜内微血管异常ITQ┃inferotemporal quadrant颞下象限iu┃international unit or intermediate uveitis国际单位或中间葡萄膜炎IV┃intravenous静脉内JCT┃Juxtacanalicular Tissue管旁组织JODM┃juvenile-onset diabetes mellitus青少年型糖尿病JRA┃juvenile rheumatoid arthritis少年类风湿性关节炎K┃cornea or potassium角膜或钾KCS┃keratoconjunctivitis sicca干燥性角膜结膜炎kg┃kilogram公斤KP┃keratic precipiate角膜后沉着物L┃left or lens左或晶状体lab┃laboratory试验室lac┃lacrimal泪LASEK┃laser subepithelial keratomileusis激光上皮下角膜磨削术LASIK┃laser in situ keratomileusis激光原位角膜磨削术LCG┃light contrast glare光对比炫耀LCTP┃lateral canthal tendon pli cation外眦腱折叠术LI┃laser iridotomy or laser interferometry激光虹膜切开术或激光干涉仪LK,LKP┃lamellar keratoplasty板层角膜移植术LIO┃left inferior oblique左眼下斜肌LIR┃left inferior rectus左眼下直肌LL┃lower lid or lids and lashes下睑或眼睑和睫毛LLR┃left lateral rectus左眼外直肌LMR┃left medial rectu s左眼内直肌LN┃lymph node淋巴结LP┃light perception,light projection,or lumber puncture光感，光定位，或腰椎穿刺LPI┃laser peripheral iridoplasty激光周边虹膜成形术LS┃lid scrubs睑缘擦洗（治疗睑缘炎）LSO┃laser scanner ophthalmolscope激光扫描检眼镜LSO┃left superior oblique左眼上斜肌LSR┃left superior rectus左眼上直肌LTP┃laser trabeculoplasy激光小梁成形术LTQ┃lower temporal quadrant颞下象限LVA┃low vision aids低视力辅助lymph┃lymphocytes or lymphatic淋巴细胞或淋巴mac┃macular黄斑mand┃mandibular下颌骨MAR┃melanoma-associated retinopathy黑色素相关的视网膜病变max┃maximum or maxillary最大值或上颌骨MCH┃mean co rpuscular hemoglobin 平均血细胞血红蛋白MCHC┃mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration平均血细胞血红蛋白浓度MCV┃mean corpuscular volume平均血细胞体积ME┃macular edema黄斑水肿MEDs┃medications药物治疗mERG┃multifocal ERG多区域（多焦）视网膜电图mfERG┃multifocal ERG多区域（多焦）视网膜电图MEWDS┃multiple evanescent white dot syndrome多数消散性白点综合征MFC┃multifocal choroiditis多病灶性脉络膜炎M.G. ┃Marcus Gunn瞳孔传入缺陷MHx┃medical history病史MI┃myocardial infarction心肌梗塞min┃minute or minimum分钟或最小量ml┃milliliter毫升mmHg┃millimeters of mercury毫米汞柱M＆N┃Mydriacyl(tropicamide)and Neo-synephrine(phenylephrine) 两种最常用的扩瞳剂：托庇卡按及新福林mon┃monocytes单核细胞MR┃manifest refraction显性验光┃magnetic resonance磁共振MRA┃magnetic resonance angiography磁共振血管造影术MRD┃上睑缘至角膜中心反光点的距离MRI┃magnetic resonance imaging磁共振成像术MS┃multiple sclerosis多发性硬化MVA┃motor vehicle accide nt交通工具意外事故（车祸）N/A┃not applicable不适用NAG┃narrow-angle glaucoma窄角型青光眼NAION┃nonarteritic ischemic optic neuropathy非动脉缺血性视神经病变NAP┃no apparent pathology无明显病理学NCT┃noncontact tonometer非接触眼压计neg┃negative隐性NFL┃nerve fiber layer神经纤维层NFLD┃nerve fiber layer def ect神经纤维层缺陷NG┃nongranulomatous非肉芽肿性NI┃no improvement无进步NIDDM┃non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病NION┃Nonarteritic ischemic optic neuropathy非动脉缺血性视神经病变NKA┃no known allergies无已知的过敏反应nl┃normal正常NLP┃no light perception无光感Non repet┃not to b e repeated(refilled)不重复（再次发药）NPA┃near point of accommodation调节近点NPC┃near point of convergence集合近点NPDR┃non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy非增生性糖尿病视网膜病变NR┃no refill不能再次发药NRC┃normal retinal correspondence正常视网膜对应NS┃nuclear sclerosis核性白内障（核硬化）NSA┃no si gnificant abnormalities无重要异常NSAID┃no steroidal anti-inflammatory drug非类固醇消炎药NTG┃normal tension glaucoma正常眼压性青光眼NV┃near vision or neovascularization近视力或新生血管形成NV┃neovascularization新生血管形成N/V┃nausea and vomiting恶心和呕吐NVA┃Near visual acuity近视力NVD┃neovascu larization of disc视盘新生血管形成NVE┃neovascularization of retina elsewhere视网膜新生血管形成NVG┃neovascular glaucoma新生血管性青光眼NVI┃neovascularization of the iris虹膜新生血管形成OA┃optic atrophy视神经萎缩OAG┃open-angle glaucoma开角型青光眼OCP┃ocular cicatricial pemphigoid眼瘢痕性类天疱疮OCT┃opt ic coherence tomography光学相干体层扫描术，光学相干层析术OD┃right eye右眼ODM┃ophthalmodynamometry眼动脉压测量OFHx┃ocular family history眼病家族史OGTT┃oral glucose tolerance test口服葡萄糖耐量试验OHTN┃ocular hypertension高眼压病OHx┃ocular history眼病史OKN┃optokinetic nystagmus视运动性眼球震颤ON┃optic n erve视神经ONAorOA┃optic nerve atrophy or optic atrophy视神经萎缩ONH┃optic nerve head视神经头ONSD┃optic nerve sheath decompression视神经鞘减压术OP┃outpatient门诊病人Op┃operation(Post Op)手术（术后）OR┃operating room手术室┃Over-refraction重叠验光Ortho┃orthophoria正视轴Ortho-K┃CRT,corneal refractive therapy角膜屈光矫正法OS┃left eye左眼OU┃both eyes双眼OZ┃optical zone光学地带p┃pupil瞳孔PA┃posteroanterior后前PACG┃primary angle-closure glaucoma原发性闭角型青光眼PACT┃prism alternating cover test棱镜交替遮盖试验PAM┃potential acuity meter潜在视力计PAN┃preauricular node耳前淋巴结PAS┃peripheral anterior synechia周边虹膜前粘连Pat or pt┃patient病人path┃pathology病理学P4,P2,etc. pilocarpine4%,2%,etc.drops毛果云香碱4%，2%等，眼药水PBK┃pseudophakic bullous keratopathy无晶状体性大泡性角膜病变PC┃after meals餐后PC┃posterior capsule后囊PCF┃pharyngoconjunctival fever咽结膜热PCIOL┃posterior chamber intraocular lens后房眼内晶体PCN┃penicillin青霉素PCO┃posterior capsular opacity后囊混浊PD┃prism diopter棱镜屈光度PD┃pupillary distance瞳孔距离PDR┃proliferative diabetic retinopathy增生性糖尿病视网膜病变PDS┃pigment dispersion syndrome色素播散综合征PDT┃photodynamic therapy光动力疗法PE┃physical examination体格检查PED┃pigment epithelial detachment色素上皮脱离PEE┃punctate epithelial erosions点状上皮侵蚀PEK┃punctate epithelial keratitis点状上皮角膜炎PERG┃pattern electroretinogram图形视网膜电图PERRL┃pupils equal,round,reactive to light瞳孔相等，圆，对光反射PERRLA┃pup ils equal,round,reactive to light and accommodation瞳孔相等，圆，对光反应和调节PF┃Pred FortePg┃Prostaglandin前列腺素ph┃pinhole针孔phako┃phakoemulsification晶状体乳化术PHNIorNIph┃pinhole no improvement针孔无进步PHPV┃persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous永存原始玻璃体增生症PI┃present illn ess,peripheral iridotomy,or peripheral iridectomy现有疾病，周边虹膜切开术，或周边虹膜切除术PKPorPK┃penetrating keratoplasty穿透性角膜移植术PMMA┃polymethyl methacrylate聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（有机玻璃）PMN┃polymorphonuclear neutrophil多形核中性白细胞po┃per os,by mouth口服POAG┃primary open-angle glaucose原发性开角型青光眼POHS┃presumed ocular histoplasmosis syndrome假定眼组织胞浆菌病综合征post┃posterior后PPA┃peripapillary atrophy视乳头周围萎缩PPD┃purified protein derivative or posterior polymorphous dystrophy 纯蛋白质衍生物或后多形性营养不良PPDR┃pre-proliferative diabetic retinopathy增生前型糖尿病视网膜病变PPL┃par s plana lensectomy平部晶状体切除术PPV┃pars plana vitrectomy平部玻璃体切割术prep┃preparation准备PRK┃photorefractive keratectomy激光屈光角膜切除术prn┃take as needed当需要时服用PRP┃pan-retinal photocoagulation全视网膜光凝术PS┃posterior synechia虹膜后粘连PSC┃posterior subcapsular catarcat后囊下白内障PT C┃pseudotumor cerebri大脑假性肿瘤PTK┃phototherapeutic keratectomy光治疗性角膜切除术PVD┃posterior vitreous detachment玻璃体后脱离PVEP┃pattern visual evoked potential图形视觉诱发电位PVR┃proliferative vitreoretinopathy增生性玻璃体视网膜病变Px┃prognosis预后PXE┃psuedoxanthoma elasticum弹力性黄假瘤q┃ev ery每qd┃every day每天q2h┃every 2 hours每2小时qid┃four times a day一天四次qod┃every other day每隔一日R┃right右RA┃rheumatoid arthritis类风湿性关节炎RB┃rose Bengal,retinoblastoma孟加拉玫瑰红，视网膜母细胞瘤RBC┃red blood cell红血细胞RBON┃retrobulbar optic neuritis球后视神经炎RCE┃recurrent cornea l erosion复发性角膜侵蚀RD┃retinal ditachment视网膜脱离RF┃rheumatoid factor类风湿因子R-G┃red-green红-绿RGB┃Red green blue红绿蓝RGP┃rigid gas permeable刚质透气（接触镜）RI┃rubeosis iridis虹膜红变RIO┃right inferior oblique右眼下斜肌RIR┃right inferior rectus右眼下直肌RK┃radial keratotomy放射状角膜切开术RLR┃right lateral tectus右眼外直肌RMR┃right medial rectus右眼内直肌R/O┃rule Out摈除，排除ROP┃retinopathy of prematurity早产儿视网膜病变RP┃retinitis pigmentosa视网膜色素变性RPE┃retinal pigment epithelium视网膜色素上皮RRD┃rhegmatogenous retinal detachment孔原性视网膜脱离RSO┃right superior obliq ue右眼上斜肌RSR┃right superior rectus右眼上直肌RT┃return复诊RTC┃return to clinic复诊RTO┃return to office复诊RV┃return visit复诊Rx┃prescription处方s┃without没有SB┃scleral buckle巩膜扣带术sc┃without correction未戴眼镜矫正SCL┃soft contact lens软接触镜SEI┃subepithelial infiltrate上皮下侵润SI┃sector iridectomy扇形虹膜切除术sibs┃siblings同胞Sig┃write on label用法SJS┃Stevens-Johnson syndrome综合征SL┃Schwalbe’s line or serum lysozyme Schwalbe线或血清溶菌霉SLE┃slit lamp examination or systemic lupus erythematosus裂隙灯检查或系统性红斑狼疮SLK┃superior limbic keratoconjuncti vitis上部角膜缘角结膜炎Sn┃sign体征SNQ┃superonasal quadrant鼻上象限SOB┃shortness of breath呼吸短促Sol┃solution溶液S/P┃status post后状态（例如XX手术后）Sph┃spherical球面镜SPK┃superficial punctuate keratitis浅层点状角膜炎SR┃subjective refraction主觉验光SRF┃subretinal fluid视网膜下液体SRNV┃subretinal neovascularization视网膜下新生血管形成SRNVM┃subretinal neovascular membrane视网膜下新生血管膜SRx┃spectacle prescription眼镜处方Ss┃scleral spur or sickle cell disease巩膜突或镰状细胞病stat┃immediately立即STD┃***ually transmitted disease性传播疾病STQ┃superotemporal quadrant颞上象限strab┃strab ismus斜视subcu┃subcutaneous皮下sup┃superior下susp┃suspension悬浮液SVP┃spontaneous venous pulsation自发性静脉波动Sx┃symptom症状synech┃synechia虹膜粘连T1/2┃Timoptic drops0.5%0.5%赛马心安眼药水TA┃applanation tonometry or temporal arteritis压平式眼压测量法或颞动脉炎Tab ┃tablet片剂Tap┃applanat ion tonometry压平式眼压测量法TB┃tuberculosis结核tbs┃tablespoon汤匙TBUT┃tear break-up time泪膜破裂时间TDx┃tentative diagnosis试验性诊断TIA┃transient ischemic attack暂时性缺血性发作tid┃three times a day一日三次TM┃trabecular meshwork小梁网状组织，小梁网络Tnct┃noncontact(air puff)tonometry非接触性（空气冲击）眼压测量法TPR┃temperature,pulse,respiration体温，脉搏，呼吸trab┃trabeculectomy小梁切除术TSH┃thyroid-stimulating hormone促甲状腺激素Tsp┃teaspoon茶匙Tx┃treatment治疗UA┃urinalysis尿分析UBM┃ultrasound biomicroscope超声活体显微镜UCT┃unilateral cover test单眼遮盖试验UL┃upper lid上睑ung┃ointment软膏UNQ┃upper nasal quadrant鼻上象限URI┃upper respiratory infection上呼吸道感染UTI┃urinary tract infection尿路感染UTT┃unable to test不能试验UV┃ultraviolet紫外线V┃vitreous玻璃体VA┃visual acuity视力Vcc┃vision with correction较正视力Vccl┃vision with contact lens接触镜矫正视力VD┃venereal d isease性病VDRL┃Venereal disease research laboratory性病研究实验室（梅毒试验）VEP┃visual evoked potential视诱发电位VER┃visual evoked response视诱发反应VF┃visual fields视野VH┃vitreous hemorrhage玻璃体积血VKC┃vernal keratoconjunctivitis春季角膜结膜炎VKH┃Vogt-koyanagi-harada syndrome综合征VOR┃vestibuloocular reflex前庭眼反射Vsc┃vision without correction裸眼视力VZV┃varicella-zoster correction水痘-带状疱疹病毒W-4-D┃Worth-four-dot Worth四点灯WBC┃white blood cell白血细胞WC┃warm compresses热敷WC/LS┃warm compresses and lid scrubs热敷及擦洗睑缘Wk┃week星期WNL┃within normal limit s在正常限度内WRA┃with-the-rule astigmatism顺规性（散光）wt┃weight重量X┃exophoria at far or axis外隐斜（视远）或轴X’ ┃exophoria at near外隐斜（视近）XT┃constant exotropia at far外斜视（视远）XT’ ┃contant exotropia at near外斜视（视近）X(T)orIXT┃intermittent exotropia at far间歇性外斜视（视远）X(T)’orIXT’ ┃intermittent exotropia at near间歇性外斜视（视近）YAG┃yttrium aluminum garnet亿铝石榴激光YLI┃YAG laser iridotomy YAG激光虹膜切开术Y/O┃years old岁（年龄）YPC┃YAG laser posterior capsulotomy YAG激光后囊切开术。

医学专业英语学习

医学专业英语学习医学英语是科技英语的一个分支,掌握医学英语的特点及翻译方法是医学生的必须掌握的一个重要技能。

下面小编为大家分享医学专业英语学习，希望对大家有用。

医学专业英语学习如下：P (①phosphorus ②position ③pulse) ①磷②位置，位③脉搏pa(protactinium) 钋pabular 食品的pacemaker (abbr. Pace.) 心脏起搏器，心律器pacemaker electrode 起搏器电极pacemaker neurone 起搏神经元pacemaker of heart 心脏起搏器pacemaker potential 起搏点电位pacemaker programmer 起转器程序控制器pacer analyzer 起搏器分析仪pachometer 厚度测量器pachy- 厚，粗，肥，硬pachymeter 厚度测量器pacify 橡皮奶头pacing system analyzer 起搏分析仪pack ①塞子②组件，容器，包装package ①包装，打包②组合件，部件packed cargo 包装货物packer ①包装机②填塞器，棉塞器packer and tucker 填塞联缝褶器packet ①包，盒②束，件，组packing free 免费包装packing included 包装费在内packing inspection 包装检验packing list 装箱单，包装单packing machine 包装机PACS 医院数字影象信息系统pad 垫，托，衬套padded splint 衬垫夹padder 微调电容器padding 填料，衬垫padding of splints 夹板衬垫paddle agitator 浆式搅拌器PAg (pelvic angiography) 骨盆血管造影术PAGE (polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) 聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳Pager No. 传呼机号Paid (abbr. pd.) 付讫paidology 儿科学pail 提桶，壶pail-closet 便桶pain （疼）痛pains transducer 阵痛传感器，分娩痛传感器paint ①涂料，油漆②描写pain threshold 痛阈（引起痛觉的刺激量）pain threshold detector 测痛仪pain threshold surveying instrument 痛阈测量仪pair 一对，一副palate 腭palategraph 腭动描记器palate hook 腭拉钩，提腭钩palate operation elevator 腭手术梃子palate operation hook 腭部手术刀palate retractor 软腭牵开器palate suture needle 腭缝针palatograph 腭动描记器palatography 腭动测量计palatomyograph 腭动描记器palette 调色板palladium (abbr.Pd) 钯pallium （大脑）皮层palmoscopy 心搏动检诊法palograph 脉搏描记器palography 脉搏描记法palpation 触诊，扪诊palaption probe 触诊探头palpatorium 触诊器pan 锅，盘，盆pan- 全，总，万，泛panchromatic 全色的panchromatic film 全色胶片pancreata 胰（腺）pancreatography 胰造影术pandocheum 综合医院panel 面板，仪表盘，配电盘panelectroscope 通用电光窥镜panendoscope 广视野通用膀胱镜panendoscopy 广视野内窥镜检查panfundoscope 广视野立体检查眼底镜panhydrometer 通用（液体）比重计panoram ①全影图②全影装置panoramic camera 全景照像机panoramic X-ray unit 全景X 射线机pansphygmograph 心脉搏胸动描记器pantograph ①胸廓（外形）描记器②缩图仪pantomography 全体层照像术pantoscope 广角照像机，广角透镜pantoscopic spectacles 双焦点眼镜paper 纸，文件paper chromatograph 纸上色谱仪paper electrophoresis 纸电泳paper electrophoresis apparatus 纸上电泳仪paper filter 过滤纸paper tape coder 纸带编码器paper tape reader 纸带阅读器papillary 乳头的，乳头状的para- 副，类，旁，异常parabola ①抛物线②抛物面反射器paraboloid condenser 抛物面聚光器paracentesis 穿刺术paracentesis knife 穿刺刀paracentesis trocar 穿刺套针paracentetic needle 穿刺针paraffin 石蜡paraffin bath 石蜡浴盆paraffin dispenser 石蜡灌注器paraffin dressing 石蜡敷裹paraffin embedding apparatus 石蜡包埋器paraffin imbedding 石蜡包埋法paraffin melting oven 石蜡溶炉paraffin model 石蜡模型paraffin oil 石蜡油paraffin paper 石蜡纸paraffin section 石蜡切片paraffinum 石蜡parallax 视差parallax stereogram 视差式立体X 射线片parallel 平行的，类似的parallel clamp 并联夹parallel grid 平行（X 射线）滤线栅parallelogram 平行四边形parallelograph 平行描记器parallelometer 平行线面测量器parallel-plate dialyzer 平板透析器parallel rays 平行光线paramagnetism 顺磁性parameter 参数，参量，计算指标parametric Gammascope 参数伽玛镜（用于心肾甲状腺诊断）parametron 参数器，变感元件paramp 参量放大器para-oral 非经口给药的paraphase 倒相parcel 包裹，打包parchment paper 羊皮纸parenteral 不经肠道的，肠胃外的parenteral solution 注射液parietography 脏壁（X 射线）照像术part ①部分②零件，部件，元件partal 分娩的partial 局部的，部分的，偏的partial-body irradiation 体分区照射partial occlusion clamp 部分咬合夹partial pressure 分压力particle 粒子，微粒，质点particle counter 颗粒测量计数器，粒子计数器particular 特殊的，详细的partiti on ①分隔，分配②隔板part per million (abbr.ppm) 兆北率（百万分之几）parturient ①临产的②产妇parturiometer 分娩力计parturition 分娩，生产partus 分娩，生产pass 通过，经过，通路，旁路passage 道，通道pass-by 旁路，通路，搭桥passport No 护照号paste 糊剂，膏pasteurizer 巴氏消毒器pasteurizer and sterilizer 巴氏消毒灭菌器pastille radiometer 纸碟式放射量计patch 补片，罩patch panel 接线板patella 膝盖骨patella compressor 膝关节压迫器patella hook 漆关节钩patellometer 膝关节反射计patent ①专利权②开放的，未闭的patent certificate 专利执照patent ducts clamp 开放导管夹钳path ①道，轨道②电路pathfinder ①牙根管探针②尿道狭窄探针patho- 病pathogen 病原体pathograhy 病情记录pathological section 病理切片pathologic study equipment 病理检查装置pathology 病理学pathometer 发病率记录器pathometry 发病率记录法pathoradiography X 射线病理学pathoroentgenography X 射线病理学pathway 道，轨迹patient 病人，患者patient cable 病人导联线patient lift 病人升降机patient monitor 病人监护仪patient monitoring system 病人监护系统pattern 模型，图表，样品kpattern number 模型号，型号pattern recognizer 模式识别机pause 间歇，中止，暂停pavex 血和锻炼器pawl 爪，爪状物pay ①给予，支付②工资payload 有效负载payment 支付，付款PBA (pressure breathing assister) 加压呼吸器P/C; p/c (priced catalogue) 价目表PCE (paper chromatoelectrophoresis) 滤纸色层电泳法PCG (phonocardiogram) 心音图PCG accelerated type transducer 心音加速换能器PCG microphone 心音传声器，心音图扩音器PCO2 (partial pressure of carbondioxide) 二氧化碳分压Pct. (per cent) 百分数，每百分之……PCV (packed-cell volume) 血细胞压积PCx. (periscopic convex) 周视凸面Pd (palladium) 钯peace 和平，和约，友好peak 峰值，最大值，波峰peak catcher 峰值捕集器（原子吸收光度计用）peaker 微分电路，峰化器peak flow meter 最大呼气流量计peaker 尖的，多峰的pecker 穿孔针，接续器pectoral limb 上肢pectoral retractor 胸部牵开器，胸部拉钩peculiarity 特性，特色pedal 脚的，足的pedal absorber 脚踏吸引器pedal extractor 脚踏吸引器pedal switch 脚踏开关pedia- 小儿，儿童pedia-gastrofiberscope 儿童纤维胃镜pediameter ①婴儿测量器②步数计pediatric 儿科的pediatric crib 儿童栏床pediatric examining table 小儿检查床pediatric heart probe 小儿心脏探头pediatric operating scissors 小儿手术剪pedicle clamp 瘤蒂钳pedicle forceps 肾蒂钳pedicle graft 蒂状移植片pediometer ①婴儿测量器②步数计pedo- ①小儿，儿童②足，脚pedobaromacrometer 婴儿体重身长计pedobarometer 婴儿体重计pedodynamometer 脚力测定器pedometer ①婴儿测量器②步数计PEF (peak expiratory flow) 最大呼吸流量peg ①钉，插塞②标记PEG (pneumoencephalogram) 气脑造影图片pelicometer 骨盆测量计pellet ①小球，丸②片状器件pelleter 压片机，制粒机pellucidity 透明性，透明度pelvi-; pelvio- ①骨盆②肾盂pelvic 骨盆的pelvic clamp 骨盆夹pelvicephalography 骨盆胎头X 射线测量术pelvicephalometry 骨盆胎头测量法pelvic hammock 骨盆吊带pelvic limb 下肢pelvicliseometer 骨盆斜度计pelvic support 骨盆托pelvifixation 盆腔器官固定术pelvigraph 骨盆描记器pelvimeter 骨盆测量计pelvimetry 骨盆测量法pelviography 骨盆腔X 射线照像术pelvioscope 盆腔镜pelvioscopy 盆腔镜检查pelviroentgenography 盆腔（器官）X 射线照像术pelvis ①骨盆②肾盂pelviscope ①骨盆镜②骨盆外形X 射线检查仪③盆腔镜pelvitherm 骨盆器官热疗器pelviureterography 肾盂输尿管造影术pelyco- 骨盆pelycogram 骨盆X 射线照片pen 钢笔，记录笔pen and ink recorder 自动记录器pencil ①铅笔②记录笔③射束，光束pencil magnet 笔形吸铁器pendulum 摆（锤），振动体penetrameter X 射线透度计penetrameter sensitivity 透度计灵敏度penetrate 穿透，渗入penetrology 透射学penetrometer X 射线透度计，X 射线硬度计penetron ①γ-射线穿透仪②介子，重电子penile clamp 阴茎夹pen inspection torch 钢笔式诊查电筒penis syringe 阴茎注射器pen knife 小刀pen recorder 描笔式记录器pen record oscillograph 笔录式示波器pentagonal prism 五角棱镜pentaprism 五棱镜peptide synthesizer 多肽成仪peptometer 胃蛋白酶测定器per annum 每年per cent (abbr. pct) 百分数，百分之一……（%）percentage 百分数，比率perception 感觉，知觉perceptron 视感控器，感知器perchance 偶然，或许percolation 渗漉法percolator 渗漉器，渗漉筒percussion 叩诊percussion hammer 叩诊锤percussopunctator 梅花针，多尖刺针percussor 叩诊器，打诊槌percutaneous 经皮的percutaneous biliary drainage 经皮胆引流法percutaneous pyelography 肾盂穿刺造影术percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography 经皮越肝胆管造影术percuteur 叩诊器perfect gas 理想气体perfection 完美，完备，精通，熟练perforated stopper 穿孔塞子perforated tray 有孔盘perforating bur 打孔钻perforating drill 颅骨穿孔钻头perforating machine 穿孔机perforation 穿孔，打眼，穿孔术perforator ①穿颅器，穿刺器②穿孔机perform 实行，执行，完成，表演performance test 性能试验perfuse 灌，使充满perfusion 灌注（法），输液perfusion apparatus 灌注器perfusion cannula 灌流套管perfusion control apparatus 自动控制灌注器perfusion experiment 灌流试验perfusion support 输液架perfusion tube 输液管per hour 每小时perhydrol 双氧水peri- 周，周围，附近periarticular 关节周的pericardiac 心包的pericardium 心包peridural 硬膜外的peridurogram 硬膜外造影照片perimeter ①视野计②周长perimeter arc 视野计弧perinatal monitormy 围产其及监护perineal catheter 会阴导尿管perineal crutch 会阴支器perineal forceps 会阴钳perineal needle 会阴缝针perineal retractor 会阴牵开器perineal scissors 会阴剪，外阴剪perineo- 会阴perineometer 会阴收缩力计perineum needle 会阴引线针perineum retractor 会阴牵开器period 期，周期periodental file 牙周锉periodic(dl) ①周期的，循环的②期刊，杂志periodic chart 周期表periodicity ①周期性②周波periodic table 周期表periodogram 周期图periodontal curet 牙周刮匙periodontal file 牙周锉periodontal probe 牙周探子，刻度牙探针periodoscope 分娩日期计算表perioscope 扩视镜，视野计periosteal 骨膜的periosteal detacher 骨膜剥离器periosteal dissector 骨膜剥离器periosteal elevator 骨膜起子periosteal raspatory 骨膜刮periosteal retractor 骨膜牵开器periosteotome 骨膜刀，骨膜分离器periosteum 骨膜periostotome 骨膜刀peripheral vascular clamp 外周血管夹periscope 潜望镜，观测镜periscopic lens 周视透镜periscopic spectacles 周视眼镜peritoneal 腹膜的peritoneal clamp 腹膜钳peritoneal dialysis catheter 腹膜透析管peritoneal didlysis concentrateequipment 腹膜透析浓缩设备peritoneal dialysis machine 腹膜透析器peritoneal dialysis solution 腹膜透析液peritoneal dialyzer 腹膜透析器peritoneal forceps 腹膜钳peritoneal scissors 腹膜剪peritoneo- 腹膜peritoneography 腹膜造影术peritoneoscope 腹腔镜peritoneoscopy 腹腔镜检查peritoneum 腹膜permanent 不变的，永久的，经常的permanent implant 永久性植入物permanent lead introducer 永久性起搏器导线引器permanent memory 永久记忆，长期记忆permanent pacemaker 永久性起搏器permanent sound 留置探子permanent specimen 永久标本pcrmeability ①渗透性②磁导率permeability manometer 渗透压计permeable 可渗透的，可透过的permeameter ①渗透仪②磁导计permissible 容许的，许可的permissible range 容许范围permit 允许，许可permutation 排列，交换，置换permutator 转换开关，交换器peroral 经口的，口服的peroral tracheoscopy 经口气管镜检查perpendicular hook 垂直钩persistence ①持久性，坚持②余辉保留时间（荧光屏）persister 冷持管perisitron 持久显示器personal 人的，个人的personal biophysiograph 肌电生物回授仪personal details 个人札记personality 人格，个性personal scale 人体磅personnel monitor 个人放射量探测器perspective view 透视图pertubation 输卵管灌气法per unit 每单位pervious 可渗透的，能透过的PES (photo-electric scanner) 光电扫描器pessary 子宫托，阴道环pessary forceps 子宫托钳pessary introducer 子宫托导引器pessulum 子宫托，阴道环pessum 阴道环，子宫托pessus 阴道栓pestle 研棒，杵PET (positron emission tomography) 阳电子发射断层摄影术petaloid 花瓣状的petechia 瘀点petechiometer 瘀点计（皮肤毛细管脆性测定器）petiolate 有柄的petiole 柄，茎petro- 石kpetrolatum gauze 凡士林纱布petroletum 石油petrolin 石蜡-pexy 固定，固定术Pezzer's catheter 蕈头导管Pezzer's self-retaining catheter 蘑菇头形留置导尿管pH (potential of hydrogen) pH 值（氢离子浓度倒数的对数，用以表示溶液的酸碱度）phaco- ①晶体状②透镜phacocystectomy 晶状体囊切除术phacoid 透镜状的phacoidoscope 晶状体镜phacometer 检镜片计phacoscope 晶状体镜phacoscopy 晶状体镜检查phago- 食，吞噬phagodynamometer 嚼力计phakoscope 晶状体镜phalangeal knife 指（趾）骨刀phalanges saw 指锯，掌骨锯phanero- 明显，清楚phaneroscope 皮肤透照镜phaneroscopy 皮肤透照检查phantom 人体模型，仿真模型phantom bead 模拟人头pharmaceutical 药学的，制药的pharmaceutics 药剂学，制剂pharmacist 药师，调剂员pharmaco- 药学，药物pharmacodiagnosis 药物诊断pharmacology 药理学pharmacopeia (abbr.Ph) 药典pharmacy ①药学，药剂学②药房pharmacy equipment 药房设备pharmacy refrigerator 药房用冰箱pharyngeal 咽的pharyngeal airway 咽导气管pharyngeal probang 咽除鲠器pharyngeal speculum 窥咽器pharyngo- 咽pharyngolaryngeal 咽喉的pharytube 咽喉导管pharyngorhinoscopy 鼻咽镜检查pharyngoscope 咽镜，窥咽器pharyngoscopy 咽镜检查pharyngotome 咽刀pharyngotomy 咽切开术pharynx 咽pharynx-tonsillotome 腺样体切除刀，咽部一扁桃体切除器phase 相，期，方面phase comparator 相位比较器phase contrast 相位差，相衬phase contrast microscope 相位差显微镜phase contrast objective 相位差物镜phase contrast turret condenser 相位差回转式聚光器phase array sector scanner 相阵扇形扫描仪phase difference 相位差，相差phase difference microscope 相位差显微镜phased-inverting amplifier 相位差放大器phase meter 相位差计phase microscope 相衬显微镜phase separator 分相器phasometer 相位差计PH/bloodgas analyzer PH 值/血气分析仪pH electrode 酸度计电极phellos 木栓，软木塞phenol-formaldehyde resin 酚甲醛树脂phenolphthalein 酚酞phenomenon ①现象②珍品，奇迹phial 管形瓶，小药瓶Philips cathode 菲利普阴极Philips gauge 菲利普真人计，冷电极电离真空计Philips scrwdriver 菲立浦十字头起子phimosis dilator 包茎扩张器phimosis forceps 包茎镊pH indcator pH 值指示器，酸度指示器phlebo- 静脉phlebogram ①静脉X 射线照片②静脉搏动图phlebograph 静脉搏动描记器phlebograhy 静脉造影术phlebomanometer 静脉血压计phlebotome 静脉刀phlegm cup 痰杯pH measuring apparatus pH 值测定仪pH meter pH 计，氢离子计，酸碱计phon （响度级的单位）phon-; phono- 声音phonacoscope 叩听诊器phonal 音的，声音的phonarteriogram 动脉音图phonarteriography 动脉音描记法phonautogram 语音描记图phonautograph 语音描记器phone ①语音②电话，受话器-phone 声音，音器phonemeter 测声计phonendoscope 扩音听诊器phonendoscopy 扩音听诊器检查phonendoskiascope X 射线透视扩音听诊器（心脏用）phonetic adding machine 语音计算机phonetic typewriter 口授打字机phono- 声音phonocardiogram(abbr.PCG) 心音图phonocardiograph(abbr.PCG) 心音描记器，心音计phonocardiograph amplifier 心音放大器phonocardiography 心音描记法phonocardio-transducer 心音换能器phonocatheter 检心音导管，导声管phonodeik 声波显示仪phonoelectrocardiograph 心音心电计phonoelectrocardioscope 心音心电直描记器phonofilm 有声电影phonogram 录音片phonograph 留声机，唱机phonolaryngograph 发声机能描记仪phonometer 音强度计，测音计phonomyogram 肌音图phonomyography 肌音描记法phonon 声子，振动量子phonophore 扩音听诊器phonophotography 音波照像术phonoreceptor 音感受器phonorecorder 唱片phonorenogram 检音肾动脉搏动图phonoscope ①心音波照像机②内脏叩听器phonoscopy ①心音波照像检查②内脏叩听检查phonoselectoscope 高音听诊器phonostethograph 听诊录音机phonotransducer 心音换能器-phore 器phoriagraph 隐斜视矫正器phoria-measure 陷斜视测量器phoriascope 隐斜视矫正镜phorometer 隐斜视计phorometry 陷斜视测量法phoro-optometer 综合屈光检查仪，隐斜视计phoropter 综合屈光检查仪phoroptor 综合屈光检查仪phoroscope 固定试眼架，检眼器phorotone 眼肌操练器phosphate buffer 磷酸盐缓冲液phosphatometer （尿）磷酸盐定量器phosphor 磷光体phosphoroscope 磷光测定器，磷光镜phosphorus(abbr.P) 磷phot-; photo- ①光，光电②照像phot(e) ①辐透②厘米烛光（照明单位）photelometer 光电比色计photic 光的，感光的，透光的photic & sonic stimulator 光音刺激器photic stimulator 光刺激器photion 充气光电二极管photistor 光敏晶体管photo(photograph) 照片，照像photo- ①光，光电②照像photoacoustic spectrometer 光声分光计photo-amplifier 光电放大器photoanalysis 光电分析photobattery 光电池photocamera 照像机photo cathode 光电阴极photocautery ①放射烙器②放射烙术photocell ①光电池②光电管photocell eye 光电管眼photocell pick-off 光电管传感器photoceptor 光感受器photochemical apparatus 光化学器photochrome 彩色照片photocoagulator 视网膜凝固器photocolorimeter 光比色计photocolposcope 照像阴道镜photoconductive resistance 光敏电阻photocystoscope 膀胱内照像器photodensitometer 光密度计photodetector 光检测器，光电探测器photodiode 光电二极管photodosimeter 光电测量计photo-effect 光效应photoelectric 光电的photoelectric colorimeter 光电比色计photoelectric colorimeter cell 光电比色皿photoelectric comparator 光电变换器photoelectric counter 光电计数器photoelectric densitometer 光电显像测密度计photoelectric effect 光电效应phoyorlectric rquation 光电方程式photoelectric hemoglobinometer 光电血红蛋白计photoelectric icterometer 光电黄疸计photoelectricity 光电，光电学photoelectric microphotometer 光电测微光度计photoelectric nephelometer 光电比浊计photoelectric nephelotitrator 光电浊度滴定器photoelectric photometer 光电光度计photoelectric plethysmogram 光电体积描记图photoelectric spectrophotometer 光电分光光度计photoelectric timer 光电定时钟photoelectric tube 光电管photoelectrometer 光电比色计photoelectron 光电子photoelement 光电管，光电池photoesthetic 感光的，光觉的photo-eyepiece 照像接目镜photofluorogram 荧光X 射线（照）片photofluorographic apparatus X 射线荧光摄影机photofluorographic camera X 射线荧光摄影机photofluorography 荧光X 射线照像术photofluorometer 荧光测定计photofluoroscope 荧光X 射线照像机photofluoroscopy 荧光X 射线照像检查photogastroscope 摄影胃镜，胃内照像器photogene 后像，余像photogenerator 光电信号发生器photogenic 发光的，光源性的photogram ①照片②摄影像（生理实验的摄影记录）photograph 照片，照像photographic attachment 照像装置，摄影装置photographic camera 摄影机，照像机photographic cystoscope 摄影膀胱镜photographic densitometer 摄影密度计photographic dish 显影盘photographic eyepiece 摄影用灯photographic film 软片，胶卷photographic lamp 摄影用灯photographic lens 摄影镜头photographic objective 摄影物镜photographic paper 晒像纸，印像纸photographic photometer 摄影光度计photographic plate 照像底片photographic radiometer 感光纸辐射计，照像纸式放射量计photographic spectroscope 照像分光镜photographic telescope 摄影望远镜photographic thermometer 照像药液温度计photographing unit 照相机photography 摄影术，照像术photography microscope 照像显微镜photohalide 感光性卤化物photohematachometer 血流速度照像器，照像血流速度计photokeratoscope 照像角膜镜photo knife 光刀（激光手术刀）photokymograph 记录照像机，光转筒记录器photology 光学photolometer 光电比色计photometer 光度计，光觉计photometry 光度学，光度测定法photomicrograph 显微照片photomicrographic apparatus 显微摄影仪photomicrographic camera 显微镜摄影机photomicrography 显微照像术photomicroscope 显微照像器，摄影显微镜photomicroscopy 显微照像术photomodulator 光调制器photomotograph 肌动光电描记器photomultiplier 光电倍增器photomultiplier tube 光电倍增管photon 光子photon detector 光子探测器photopaper 照像纸photophase 光照阶段photophone 光音器photophore 检鼻喉灯photoprint 照片，像片photoprint paper 印像纸photoptometer 光觉计photoptry 光觉单位photoradiometer 光辐射剂量仪，X 射线辐射量计photoreceptor 光感受器photorectifier 光电检波器photorepeater 照像复印机photoresistance 光敏电阻photoresistor 光敏电阻器photoroentgenography 荧光X 射线照像术photoscan 光扫描图photoscanner 光扫描器photoscanning 光扫描photoscope 透视镜（荧光屏）photoscopy X 射线透视检查photosensitizer 感光剂photo-sensor 光电传感器photo slit lamp system 照像裂隙灯系统photostethoscope 光波显音器（观察胎儿心搏用）photostimulation 光刺激photoswitch 光电开关photosynthesis 光合作用photosyntometer 光合计phototelegraphy 电传真phototherapy unit 光疗机phototimer 光电定时器，照像计时器phototransistor 光电晶体管phototube 光电管phototube photometer 光电管光度计phototurbidometer 光电比浊计phototurbidometry 光电比浊法photobision 电视photoboltaic cell 光电池photronreflectometer 光电反射计phren ①膈②精神，意志phreno- ①膈②精神，意志phrenocolopexy 膈结肠固定术phrenograph 膈动描记器phthalein 酞phthaleinometer 酞定量器，酞量计pH value pH 值pH value comparator 氢离子浓度比值器physic ①医学②药品physical ①身体的②物理的physical diagnosis 物理诊断physical life 实用寿命，物理寿命physical therapy apparatus 物理治疗仪physician 医师（尤指内科医师）physician's bag 医用出诊包physician's emergency bag 医生急救包physicist 物理学家physics 物理学physio- ①生理②自然physiochemical instruments 生理化学仪器physiograph 生理记录仪，电生理现象测定仪physiological bedside monitor 生理床边监护仪physiological gas analyser 生理气体分析仪physiological grapher 生理记录仪physiological pressure transducer 生理压力换能器physiological recorder 生理记录仪physiological response recorder 生理反应记录器physiological solt solution 生理盐溶液physiology 生理学physiometry 生理机能测验physiotherapy 物理治疗physiotherapy couch 理疗床physiotherapy equipment 理疗设备physiotherapy unit 物理治疗仪physique 体格PI(isoelectric point) 等电点pick 签，牙签pick-off 传感器，敏感元件pickup ①拾波，拣起②传感器，换能器，拾音器pickup tube 摄像管pico- 微微（10-12）picogram 微微克，沙克picometer(abbr.pm.or. μμ) 微微米（10-10cm）pictograph 剪影儿童视力表pictorial display 图像显示picture 图，像，图片picture element 像素picture quantizer 图像数学转换器picture taking lens 拍照镜头picture tube 显像管piece(abbr. pc.) ①个，件，块，②部件piercer 锥子，钻孔器piesesthesia 压觉piesimeter 压觉计，压力计piesis 血压piesometer 压力计，压觉计piezo- 压，压力，压电piezocardiogram 心动压力图piezoelectric driver 压电推进器piezoelectricity 压电现象，压电学piezoelectric transducer 压电换能器piezoid 石英片，石英晶体piezometer ①眶压计②压力计，压觉计piezoquartz 压电石英，压电晶体pigment 色素，色料，涂剂pile ①痔②堆，大量pile clamp 夹痔钳，痔夹pile forceps 痔钳pill 丸剂，药丸pill finisher 整丸器pill mass roller 丸剂块滚研机pillow 枕头pillow case 枕套pillow splint 枕头夹（下肢骨折用）pill tile 丸剂板pilot 引导，指示pilot bell 监视铃piloting trocar 引导套针pilot lamp 指示灯pilot lamp bulb 指示灯电珠pin 针，钉，插头pincers 镊子，夹子pincet 小镊子pincette 小镊子pinch-band technic 夹片法pinch-cock 弹簧夹pinch meter 握力器pin cutter 针状剪pin cutting pliers 剪针钳pin forceps 断针钳pinhole 针孔，塞孔pinhole nippers 针孔钳pinion 小齿轮，粗齿轮pin jack 管脚插孔pink ①粉红色②（皮革等）饰孔，小孔pin-point tracing 针尖描记法pin punch 牙针钻孔器pint(abbr. pt.) 品脱（溶量及容量单位）pio- 脂，脂肪pioscope 乳脂计pip ①尖头信号，标记②脉冲pipe ①管，导管②管形物pipe stem oxygen system 导管式供氧装置pipe-still 管式蒸馏釜pipet 吸（量）管，移液管pipette 吸（量）管，移液管pipette basket 吸管篮pipette dilator 吸和吸释器pipette dryer 吸管干燥箱pipette for red corpuscles 红血球吸管pipette for white corpuscles 白血球吸管pipette rack 吸量管架pipette stand 吸管架pipettor 吸移管管理器，手按移液器piscina 浴盆pistol ①手持喷枪②手枪piston 活塞，柱塞piston recorder 活塞式记录器piston-type flowmeter 活塞式流量计pitometer 管流计，流速计Pitot's tube 比托管（测量血流速度）pituitarium 垂体pituitary curette 垂体刮匙pituitary dissector 垂体剥离器pituitary forceps 垂体镊pituitary retraction forceps 垂体牵开镊pituitary retractor 垂体牵开器pituitary rongeur 垂体咬骨钳pituitary spoon 垂体匙pivot bur 柱钻pivot extractor 拔柱器place ①地点，位置②安插，装入placebo 安慰剂，对照剂placenta 胎盘placenta irrigating curet 胎盘冲洗刮匙placental 胎盘的placental auger 胎盘螺旋钻placental clamp 胎盘夹placental curet 胎盘刮匙placental forceps 胎盘钳placental hook 胎盘钩placental spiral 胎盘螺旋钻placentogram 胎盘（造影）照片placentography 胎盘造影术place of delivery 交货地点place of dlstination 到货口岸olain asbestos yarn 普通石棉线plain bone chisel 平骨凿plain film 平片plain paper 空白纸plaited paper filter 折纸滤器plan ①计划，设计②设计图，平面图plane ①平面，投影②水平，水准③飞机plane grating 平面光栅plane grating spectrograph 平面光栅摄谱机plane mirror 平面镜plane surface mirror 平面镜planigram X 射线体层照片，X 射线断层照片planigraph 平面摄影机planigraphic unit 平面摄影装置planigraphy X 射线体层照像术，X 射线断层照像术planigraphy couch 平面摄影床planimeter 面积计planoconcave 现凹的planoconcave lens 平凹透镜，平凹镜片planoconvex 平凸的planoconvex lens 平凸镜片，平凸透镜planogram X 射线体层照片，X 射线断层照片planography X 射线体层照像术，X 射线断层照像术plant ①设备，装置②站plasma 浆，血浆plasma clearance 血浆清除率plasma cure unit 膜型血浆分离器plasmapheresis monitor 血浆除去监视器plasma thromboplastin factor 血浆凝血激酶因子plaster 石膏，硬膏剂plaster bandage cutter 切石膏绷带器plaster bandage knife 拆石膏绷带刀plaster bandage saw 石膏绷带锯plaster bandage shears 石膏绷带剪plaster bad 石膏床plaster blade 石膏刀片plaster dilator 石膏撑开器plaster gauze 石膏纱布plaster impression 石膏印模plaster knife 石膏刀plaster model 石膏模型plaster mull 硬膏布plaster of paris 熟石膏，锻石膏，干燥硫酸钙plaster of paris bed 石膏床plaster of paris saw 石膏绷带锯plaster of paris scissors 石膏绷带剪plaster of paris spreader 石膏摊开器plaster of paris stocking 石膏靴plaster saw 石膏锯plaster scissors 石膏绷带剪plaster shears 石膏绷带剪plaster spatula 石膏调刀plaster splint 石膏夹plaster spreader 石膏摊开器plaster table 石膏床plastic ①塑料，塑料制品②整形的plastic-backed magnetic tape 塑料磁带plastic bladder catheter 塑料膀胱导管plastic bucket 塑料提水桶plastic dental face 塑料牙面plastic denture 塑料托牙plastic-filling apparatus 粘固粉填充器，成形充填器palstic-filling instrument 粘固粉充填器，成形充填器plastic glove 塑料手套plastic guide pin 塑料管导针plastic humidifier 塑料增湿瓶plasticimeter 塑性计plasticity 可塑性，塑性学plasticizer 增塑剂，成形剂plastic medical splint 医用塑料夹板plastics 塑料，电木plastic teeth 塑料牙plastic teeth rank 塑料牙列plastometer 塑性计，塑度表-plasty 成形术，形成plate ①板，平皿②感光板，底片plate culture 平皿培养plate file 板锉plate forceps 板钳plateform 台，座plate gage 量板尺plate holding forceps 接骨板夹持钳platelet 血小板platelet aggregation recorder 血小板凝集记录器platelet chamber 血小板计数板platelet counter 血小板计数器plate nippers 剪板钳plate penetrameter 板式透度计plate punch 穿板器platform 平台，站台，座platform balance 台称platform lift 平台开降器plating ①电镀②平皿接种platinum (abbr.pt) 铂platinum crucible 白金坩埚platinum ear-pick 白金耳platinum foil 铂箔，白金箔platinum-iridium needle 铂铱针platinum loop 白金耳，铂环platinum resistance thermometer 铂电阻温度计platinum sponge 铂绵playback ①读数②重演，放音player 翻放机，唱机pledget 小拭子（外科包扎伤口时用）plenty 丰富，富裕plerosis 修复，补复plessigraph 划界叩诊板plessimeter ①叩诊板②皮像板，透皮玻片plessor 叩诊槌plethysmogram 体积描记图plethysmogram pickup 体积描记传感器plethysmograph 体积描记器plethysmography 体积描记法plethysmometer 器官充满度测量器plethysmometry 器官充满度测量法pleuro- 胸膜pleurography 胸膜腔X 射线照像术pleuroscopy 胸膜腔镜检查plexiglass 有机玻璃（商品名），聚异丁烯酸树脂pleximeter ①叩诊板②皮像板，透皮玻片plexometer ①叩诊板②皮像板，透皮玻片plexor 叩诊槌pliers 镊，牙钳plinth ①操练椅②底座plot ①曲线，图表②测绘板plotter 绘图仪，标绘器plotting 标图，标绘，制图plug 塞子，插头plugboard 插头板，插座式转接板plug connection 插塞式连接plug-finishing bur 充填磨光钻plugger 充填器plugging forceps 填塞钳plugging instrument 充填器plugging mallet 充填锤plug-in ①插座②插入式的plug-in amplifier 插入式放大器plug-in circuit 插入式线路plug receptacle 插座plug socket 插座plumbum (abbr. Pb) 铅plumper 鼓颊器plunger 活塞，柱塞plural observation rectoscope 多人观察直肠镜pluri- 多，多数plurilocular 多腔的，多房的pluripolar 多极的plus ①加，加上②正的plus lens 正透镜kplutonium (abbr.Pu) 钚pluviometer 雨量计plywood 胶合板，层板Pm(promethium) 钷PM (photomultiplier) 光电倍增管PMR (proton magnetic resonance) 质磁共振pneo- 呼吸pneodynamics 呼吸动力学pneogram 呼吸描记图pneograph 呼吸描记器pneometer 呼吸气量测定器，呼吸计pneophone 呼吸听诊器pneophore 人工呼吸器pneophorus 人工呼吸器pneoscope 呼吸描记器pneuma- ①气，气体②呼吸pneumal 肺的pneumarthrogram 关节充气（造影）照片pneumarthrography 关节充气造影术pneumascopc 呼吸描记器pneumatic 气动的，呼吸的pneumatic arm 气动臂pneumatic cabinet 气疗箱，呼吸体操箱pneumatic craniotome 风动开颅器pneumatic massage apparatus 耳鼓膜空气按摩器pneumatic nebulizer 气动雾化器pneumatic needle 空气针pneumatic otoscope 鼓气耳镜pneumatic respirator 气动呼吸器pncumatic sternum saw 风动胸骨锯pneumatic switch 气动开关pneumatic tourniquet 充气止血带pneumatic tube 气动导管pneumato- 呼吸，气体pneumatogram 呼吸描记图pneumatograph 呼吸描记器pneumatometer 肺活量计，呼吸气量测定器pneumatometry 呼吸气量测定法pneumatophore 救生氧气袋pneumatophorus 救生氧气袋pneumatoscope ①乳突诊察器②口腔听诊器pneumo- ①肺②呼吸③空气pneumo-alveolography 肺泡X 射线照像术pneumoangiogram 肺血管（造影）照片pneumoangiography 肺血管造影术pneumoarthrography 关节充气造影术pneumocardiography 呼吸心动描记法pneumocystogram 膀胱充气造影片pneumocystography 膀胱充气造影术pneumocystotomography 膀胱充气X 射线体层照像术pneumodograph 鼻呼吸气量描记器pneumodynamonmeter 肺量计pneumoencephalogram 气脑造影片pneumoencephalography (abbr.PEG) 气脑造影术pneumoencephalomyelogram 气脑脊髓造影片pneumofasciogram 筋膜间隙充气造影片ppneumogastrography 胃充气造影术pneumogastroscopy 充气胃镜检查pneumogram 呼吸描记图pneumograph 呼吸描记器pneumography ①充气造影术②呼吸描记法pneumography of knee joint 膝关节注气影术pneumogynogram 女生殖器充气X 射线照片pneumohydraulic 气动液压的pneumokidney 肾盂充气造影术pneumo-massage tube 鼓膜空气按摩管pneumomediastinogram 纵隔充气造影片pneumomediastinography 纵隔充气造影术pneumometer 肺活量计，呼吸气量测定器pneumomyelography 充气脊髓造影术（脊髓蛛网膜下腔充气照像术）pneumon- 肺pneumonectomy 肺切除术pneumono- 肺pneumonograph 肺X 射线照片pneumonography 肺X 射线照像术pneumonometer 呼吸气量测定器pneumo-oxygenator ①肺供氧器（长期持续供氧的仪器）②氧气吸入器pneumophone 中耳压力计pneumopyelogram 肾盂充气造影片pneumopyelography 肾盂充气造影术pneumoradiography 充气造影术pneumoren 肾周充气造影术pneumoroentgenogram 充气造影片pneumoroentgenography 充气造影术pneumoscope 呼吸描记器pneumoserosa 关节腔充气法pneumotachogram 呼吸速度描记图pneumotachograph 呼吸速度描记器，呼吸流量计pneumotachograph transducer 呼吸流量计用换能器pneumotachometer 呼吸速度计pneumotachygraph 呼吸速度描记器pneumothorax 气胸pneumothorax air exhauster 气胸抽气器pneumothorax apparatus 人工气胸仪pneumothorax needle 气胸针pneumothorax puncture needle 气胸腔穿刺针pneumothorax puncture outfit 气胸腔穿刺器pneumotometer 肺压计pneumotomography 充气X 射线体层像术pneumoventriculography 脑室充气造影术pneusis 呼吸pneusometer 肺活量计pneutronic 电子气动的PN junction laser PN 结激光器Po(polonium) 钋PO2(partial pressure of oxygen) 氧分压pocket ①套，袋，束，槽②小型的，袖珍的pocket calculator 袖珍计算机pocket dosimeter 袖珍剂量仪pocket lamp 手电筒pocket-like 袋状的pocket magnifier 袖珍放大镜pocketmeter ①袖珍测试仪②量袋器pocket probe 袋探子，龈袋探针pocketscope 轻便示波器pocket-size therapy instrument 袖珍治疗仪pocket therapeutic apparatus 袖珍治疗仪poculum 杯podo- 足，脚kpododynamometer 腿肌力计，足力计podogram 足印podograph 足印描记器podoid 心影podometer 步数计poidometer 重量计point ①点，尖②穴位pointed-end 尖头point electrode 尖端电极pointer 指针，指示器point locator 探穴仪pointolite 点光源point source 点状射线源point-touch pen 点触笔poison 毒，毒物poisoning 中毒poisonous 有毒的Polacolor 波拉彩色胶片（商品名）polar 极（极）的，磁级的polari- 极polarimeter 偏振计，旋光计polarimicroscope 偏振光显微镜，旋光显微镜polariscope ①偏振光镜②旋光仪③光弹性仪polariscope tube 旋光仪管polariscopy 偏振镜检查，旋光镜检查polariser 偏振器polaristrobometer 精密偏振计，精密旋光计polarity 极性，偏极，归向polarization analyzer 检偏振器polarization apparatus 偏振器，旋光仪polarization colorimeter 偏光比色计polarization lamp 偏振光计灯polarization microscope 偏振光显微镜polarization saccharimeter 旋光糖定量器polarization tube 偏振光管polarize 极化，偏振polarized beam 偏振光束polarized light 偏振光polarizer 偏振器，偏振镜polarizing disc 人造偏振片polarizing microscope 偏振光显微镜polarizing prism 偏振棱镜polarogram 极谱polarograph ①极谱仪②旋光计polarographic analyzer 极谱分析仪polarography 极谱（分析）法，极谱学polaroid 偏振器，人造偏振片polaroid (Polaroid is a registeredtrademark of Polaroid Corporation, Cambridge, Mass., U. S. A.Polaroid ) 波拉一步摄影（"波拉"是美国马萨渚塞州坎布里市波拉。

眼视光学专业英语

Chapter 1optometrist 视光师ophthalmologist 眼科医师optician 配镜师Orbit 眼眶optic foramen 视神经孔the Extraocular Muscles EOMS 眼外肌rectus muscle 直肌oblique muscle 斜肌lid or eyelid（palpebra）眼睑adduction, abduction, elevation, depression, cyclotorsion: 内收，外展，上转，下转，旋转canthus 眼角，眦conjunctiva (palpebral, bulbar, fornix) 结膜（睑结膜，球结膜，穹隆结膜）eyelashes 睫毛caruncle 小阜，肉阜pupil 瞳孔lacrimal apparatus 泪器tear film （mucin layer, aqueous layer, lipid layer）泪膜(粘液层，水质层，脂质层) plica semilunaris 半月皱襞lacrimal punctum 泪小点canaliculi：泪小管lacrimal sac泪囊nasolacrimal duct鼻泪管）goblet cell 杯状细胞sclera 巩膜episclera 巩膜表层cornea (epithelium，Bowman’s membrane, stromal layer, Desceman’s membrane, endothelium) 角膜（上皮层，Bowman氏膜，基质层，Desceman 氏膜，内皮层）limbus 角巩缘anterior/posterior chamber 前房/后房aqueous humor 房水iris 虹膜dilator muscle 开大肌sphincter muscle 括约肌ciliary body睫状体crystalline lens, lens 晶状体zonules悬韧带vitreous 玻璃体choroids 脉络膜uvea 葡萄膜retina 视网膜photoreceptor cells (rods, cones) 光感受器细胞（视杆，视锥）macula 黄斑optic disc/cup 视盘macula fovea 黄斑中心凹foveola, foveola centralis 中心小凹fundus 眼底Chapter 2Optic nerve 视神经Optic Chiasm 视交叉Optic tract 视束Optic radiations 视放射Lateral Geniculate body 外侧膝状体Meyer’s loop Meyer氏环Occipital lobe 枕叶Visual cortex 视皮质dyslexia [医] 诵读困难congruous adj. 一致的, 符合的, 适合的hemianopia n.[医]偏盲, 一侧视力缺失quadranopsia 象限盲homonymous 同名的，同侧的；同一关系的：在眼科学上，将两眼的视野垂直地分为均等的两部，即右侧视野(左眼鼻侧一半，右眼颞侧)和左侧视野(左眼颞侧一半，右眼鼻侧)scotoma〔复scotomata〕暗点，盲点blind spot n. 盲点tunnel vision n. [医](眼科)管状视Binocular vision 双眼视觉Monocular vision 单眼视觉Stereo vision or stereopsis 立体视Depth perception 深度觉Pigment n. 色素Deficient adj. 缺乏的, 不足的, 不完善的Congenital adj.天生的, 先天的Acquired adj.已获得的carrier n. 携带者miosis：Constriction of the pupil of the eye, resulting from a normal response to an increase in light or caused by certain drugs or pathological conditions. 缩瞳，眼睛瞳孔的缩小，是对光线增强的正常反应结果或由某些药物或病理学情况而引起。

单用途眼球眼科设备端端口美食指南说明书

Endotoxin Testing Recommendations 1for Single-Use Intraocular Ophthalmic 2Devices34Draft Guidance for Industry and Food 5and Drug Administration Staff67DRAFT GUIDANCE89This guidance document is being distributed for comment purposes only.1011Document issued on: April 17, 2014.1213You should submit comments and suggestions regarding this draft document within 90 days of14publication in the Federal Register of the notice announcing the availability of the draft guidance.15Submit written comments to the Division of Dockets Management (HFA-305), Food and Drug16Administration, 5630 Fishers Lane, rm. 1061, Rockville, MD 20852. Submit electronic17comments to . Identify all comments with the docket number listed in 18the notice of availability that publishes in the Federal Register.1920For questions regarding this document, contact the Division of Ophthalmic and Ear, Nose, and21Throat Devices (DOED) at 301-796-5620.22232425U.S. Department of Health and Human Services26Food and Drug Administration27Center for Devices and Radiological Health28Office of Device Evaluation29Division of Ophthalmic and Ear, Nose, and Throat Devices303132333435Preface363738Additional Copies3940Additional copies are available from the Internet. You may also send an e-mail request to CDRH-41****************.gov to receive a copy of the guidance. Please use the document number 1836 42to identify the guidance you are requesting.434445Endotoxin Testing Recommendations 46for Single-Use Intraocular Ophthalmic 47Devices4849Draft Guidance for Industry and 50Food and Drug Administration Staff5152This draft guidance, when finalized, will represent the Food and Drug Administration's53(FDA's) current thinking on this topic. It does not create or confer any rights for or on any54person and does not operate to bind FDA or the public. You can use an alternative approach 55if the approach satisfies the requirements of the applicable statutes and regulations. If you56want to discuss an alternative approach, contact the FDA staff or Office responsible for57implementing this guidance. If you cannot identify the appropriate FDA staff, call the58appropriate number listed on the title page of this guidance.596061I. Introduction6263This guidance document was developed to notify manufacturers of the recommended endotoxin 64limit for the release of intraocular devices and single-use intraocular ophthalmic surgical65instruments/accessories in an effort to mitigate future Toxic Anterior Segment Syndrome66(TASS) outbreaks. TASS is a sterile inflammatory condition localized to the anterior segment of 67the eye following intraocular surgery. It has been associated with significant decreases in vision 68and has required additional surgical procedures, including corneal transplants and glaucoma69surgery, to resolve some of its sequelae.7071National outbreaks of TASS have been associated with endotoxin. Devices used inside the eye, 72including intraocular devices and single-use intraocular ophthalmic surgical73instruments/accessories, can potentially be contaminated with endotoxin as part of the74manufacturing, sterilization, or packaging processes. This guidance document provides75recommendations for endotoxin limits as well as endotoxin testing to manufacturers and other76entities involved in submitting premarket applications (PMAs) or premarket notification77submissions [510(k)s] for different categories of intraocular devices to aid in the prevention of78future outbreaks of TASS.7980FDA’s guidance documents, including this guidance, do not establish legally enforceable81responsibilities. Instead, guidances describe the Agency’s current thinking on a topic and should 82be viewed only as recommendations, unless specific regulatory or statutory requirements are83cited. The use of the word should in Agency guidances means that something is suggested or84recommended, but not required.8586II.Definitions8788A.Intraocular Fluids: A non-gaseous fluid intended to be introduced into the eye to aid89performance of surgery such as to maintain anterior chamber depth, preserve tissue90integrity, protect tissue from surgical trauma or function as a tamponade during retinal91reattachment.921.Ophthalmic Viscosurgical Device (OVD): Both viscous and viscoelastic93intraocular fluids intended for use during surgery in the anterior chamber as a94surgical aid to maintain space in the eye and protect ocular tissue from surgical95trauma. They are usually intended for use in cataract surgery, corneal transplant96surgery, and glaucoma filtration surgery. These devices are typically pre-97packaged in a syringe and require PMA approval prior to being marketed. This98term includes viscoelastic surgical aids.992.Liquid Endotamponades: Fluid implants such as silicone oil or perfluorocarbon 100used to flatten and position a detached retina onto the choroid in the treatment of 101retinal detachments or proliferative vitreoretinopathy. These devices require PMA 102approval prior to being marketed.103B.Intraocular Lenses (IOLs): An artificial lens used to restore vision and replace the104natural lens of the eye after it is removed during cataract surgery. It can also be used in 105eyes where the natural lens is not removed but that require correction of refractive error. 106Examples of types of IOLs include monofocal, toric, multifocal, accommodative, iris107reconstruction and phakic. Unlike other IOLs, iris reconstruction lenses are used to108cosmetically correct defects in the appearance of the eye, usually caused by the absence 109of an iris.110C.Capsular Tension Rings: A prosthetic device designed to stabilize the crystalline lens 111capsule in the presence of weak or partially absent zonules in patients undergoing112cataract extraction with an intraocular lens.113D.Glaucoma Devices: A device used to treat glaucoma, a condition in which the pressure 114within the eye (i.e., intraocular pressure) is abnormally high, resulting in damage to the 115optic nerve. These devices are often partially implanted in the anterior segment of the eye 116with the other portion of the device residing on the eye. These devices include aqueous 117shunts.118E.Phacofragmentation System: A phacofragmentation system is an AC-powered device 119with a fragmenting needle intended for use in cataract surgery to disrupt a cataract with 120ultrasound and extract the cataract. The hand piece is composed of a tip that delivers121ultrasound energy which emulsifies the lens and aspirates lens material from its open end. 122a.Sleeves: Surrounding the tip of the phacofragmentation handpiece is the sleeve, 123which is often of rubbery consistency and allows for irrigation around the tip as 124well as a barrier to tip penetration into lens material.125b.Tubing: Any lumened device that transmits fluid into or out of the eye.126F.Retinal Prostheses: D evices implanted on or beneath the retina, or on the outer surface of 127the globe, that use electrical stimulation to provide some level of visual stimulation for128persons suffering from degenerative retinal conditions.129G.Endotoxin: High molecular weight complex associated with the cell wall of Gram-130negative bacteria that is pyrogenic in humans and specifically interacts with Limulus131amebocyte lysate (LAL).1132H.Endotoxin unit (EU): Standard unit of measure for endotoxin activity initially133established relative to the activity contained in 0.2 ng of the U.S. Reference Standard134Endotoxin Lot EC-2 (USP standard reference material). Endotoxin is expressed in135International Units (IU) and one EU is equal to one IU.1136I.Anterior segment: The front third of the eye including all structures located between the 137front surface of the cornea and vitreous.138J.Anterior chamber: The space in the eye that is behind the cornea and in front of the 139iris. It contains aqueous humor.140K.Posterior segment: The rear two-thirds of the eye located behind the lens. It includes 141the vitreous, retina, optic disc, choroid, pars plana, and most of the sclera.142L.Posterior chamber: The space between the back of the iris and the front face of the143vitreous. It is also filled with aqueous humor.144M.Aqueous humor: A transparent, watery fluid circulating in the anterior and posterior 145chamber of the eye. It maintains the intraocular pressure of the eye, provides amino acids 146and glucose to the avascular ocular tissues and plays a role in the immune response of the 147eye.148N.Bacterial endotoxin test (BET): Assay for measuring active endotoxin by combining a 149liquid test sample with Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) reagent and measuring the150resulting proportional reaction by visual, turbidimetric, chromogenic, or other validated 151means of detection.1152153III.Background154155TASS has been increasing in frequency. Some cases of TASS are severe enough to require156secondary surgical interventions including glaucoma surgery and corneal transplantation.2 It is 157estimated that clusters of three to twenty cases of TASS occur several times each year,158translating to an estimated incidence of more than 1 in 1,000.3 The use of inadequately or159improperly processed ophthalmic surgical instruments is one of many factors suggested as a160potential cause of TASS.4-7 In many TASS cases, bacterial endotoxin from medical devices is 161believed to cause the inflammation.8, 9 Endotoxin was found to be an intrinsic contaminant of a 162balanced salt solution used in cataract surgery that resulted in a massive TASS outbreak in 2005 163involving 112 patients.10164165Because bacteria thrive in any media containing water, medical devices that are aqueous in166nature, contain an aqueous component, or are otherwise exposed to water during the167manufacturing process are vulnerable to bacterial proliferation and subsequent endotoxin168contamination. Thus, ophthalmic viscosurgical devices (OVDs) that are commonly used in169ophthalmic surgery are prone to endotoxin contamination. Further, the raw materials used in170fabricating sodium hyaluronate (HA)-based OVDs, which are of biological origin, can also be a 171source of endotoxins. It has been shown that endotoxin in viscous materials such as OVDs incite 172more inflammation intraocularly than endotoxin in aqueous solution due to the prolonged contact 173with sensitive ocular tissue.11174175The general principles of endotoxin testing apply, as described in United States Pharmacopeia 176(USP) <85> Bacterial Endotoxin Test12 and the most recent, FDA-recognized version1 of177American National Standards Institute (ANSI)/Association for the Advancement of Medical178Instrumentation (AAMI) ST72 Bacterial Endotoxins-Test Methodologies, Routine Monitoring 179and Alternatives to Batch Testing1. The endotoxin limit for OVDs specified in International180Organization for Standardization (ISO) 15798 (Ophthalmic implants-Ophthalmic viscosurgical 181devices) is 0.5 endotoxin units (EU) per milliliter (mL). During cataract surgery, the anterior182segment of the eye can accommodate more than 0.3 ml of OVD after lens extraction and as much 183as 0.1 mL OVD may remain in the eye at the end of the procedure. Hence, it is possible for 0.05 184EU endotoxin to be left in the eye at the conclusion of the surgery, and this amount has been185shown to cause inflammation.12 This same study showed that inflammation can be elicited by as 186little as 0.02 EU endotoxin in an OVD. Therefore, the FDA does not recognize the endotoxin 187levels in the ISO 15798 (Ophthalmic implants-Ophthalmic viscosurgical devices) standard.188189In ISO 11979-8 (Ophthalmic implants-Intraocular lenses-part 8: Fundamental requirements190Amendment 1), the endotoxin limit for IOLs is 0.5 EU per device or less. Any endotoxin present 191on an IOL or other solid ophthalmic devices goes into solution when placed in an aqueous192medium such as the aqueous humor. Studies have shown that 0.08 EU endotoxin in a balanced 193salt solution can elicit inflammation in the eye, albeit for a short period of time.11 For this reason, 194FDA does not recognize the endotoxin limit in ISO 11979-8 (Ophthalmic implants-Intraocular 195lenses-part 8: Fundamental requirements Amendment 1) or the limit in the ANSI series of196standards for intraocular lenses.197198For solid, single-use posterior segment intraocular devices such as retinal prostheses, endotoxin 199on the intraocular portion also goes into solution when placed in the eye. However, the200intraocular portion of retinal prostheses has limited exposure to sensitive ocular tissue when201compared to that of solid anterior segment devices. Hence, FDA agrees with using the ISO20216672 standard as a guide to establish endotoxin limits for solid posterior segment devices and 203posterior segment intraocular fluids also called liquid endotamponades.204205IV.Scope206207The recommendations made in this guidance are applicable to devices used within the eye, either 208as permanent implants or as single-use devices used in intraocular surgery. These include:209210A.Intraocular Fluids (21 CFR 886.4275, Class III), including2111.Intraocular fluid (LWL)2122.Viscoelastic surgical aid (LZP)213B.Anterior Segment Solid Devices2141.Intraocular lenses (21 CFR 886.3600, Class III), including215a.Intraocular lenses (HQL)216b.Multifocal intraocular lenses (MFK)217c.Phakic intraocular lenses (MTA)2181 A searchable database of FDA-recognized consensus standards is available at:/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfStandards/search.cfm.d.Toric intraocular lenses (MJP)219e.Accommodative intraocular lenses (NAA)220f.Implantable miniature telescope (NCJ)221g.Iris reconstruction lenses (NIZ)2222.Capsular tension ring devices (Class III), including223a.Endocapsular rings (MRJ)2243.Glaucoma devices225a.Aqueous shunts (21 CFR 886.3920, Class II), including226i. Eye valve implant (KYF)227b. Other glaucoma devices (Class III)228i. Intraocular pressure lowering implants (OGO)2294.Phacofragmentation systems (21 CFR 886.4670, Class II), specifically the accessories 230of irrigation/aspiration sleeves and tubing (HQC)231C.Posterior Segment Solid Devices (Class III)2321.Retinal prostheses (NBF)233234Endotoxin contamination of reusable manual ophthalmic surgical instruments is outside the235scope of this guidance. For more information on this topic, see FDA’s draft guidance236“Processing/Reprocessing Medical Devices in Health Care Settings: Validation Methods and237Labeling”238(/MedicalDevices/DeviceRegulationandGuidance/GuidanceDocuments/ucm2 23952999.htm) FDA’s draft guidance represents FDA’s proposed approach on this topic.240241V.Recommendations242243A.Intraocular Fluids2441.OVDs245a.The recommended endotoxin limit for release testing is ≤0.2 EU/mL regardless of 246whether the intended site of use is the anterior or posterior segment.247248b.Endotoxin test method validation:249The viscosity of OVDs can interfere with the BET. In addition to the general250validation requirements described in USP <85> and ANSI/AAMI ST72, the251validation of the BET should include recovery of known amounts of endotoxin 252added/spiked to the OVD. For each OVD that is to be marketed, random samples 253from 3 lots of the OVD should each be spiked with endotoxin to final254concentrations of 0.1, 0.2 and 0.5 EU/mL. Each test should be conducted in255triplicate (i.e., each lot should be spiked and sampled three times for testing). The 256OVDs should then be tested for endotoxin using the BET and the percent257endotoxin recovery should be calculated. The detection limit may vary with the 258method used for testing (e.g., gel clot, turbidimetric and chromogenic) and, as259such, it may be necessary to experiment with different methods to ensure maximal 260recovery of endotoxin. For OVDs fabricated from HA of a high molecular weight, 261it may be necessary to use an enzyme containing non-detectable levels of262endotoxin to break down large molecules and make endotoxin more accessible for 263testing. The use of enzyme digestion will avoid the use of a high dilution factor to 264overcome interference, which may be necessary for the OVD to meet the265endotoxin limit.11266267c.If performed, animal testing for quality control and acceptance criteria with268associated labeling claim:269The phrase “non-inflammatory” in the labeling of an OVD should not be used 270since the OVD could elicit some inflammation but it may not be clinically271significant. OVDs may be labeled as having “low inflammatory potential” if272animal testing or another validated method for detecting inflammation is273performed as a product release test.274275Although endotoxin in an OVD can be detected and quantified using a BET, the 276amount detected is only an approximation of the actual value due to the inherent 277limitations of the test. Furthermore, the amount of endotoxin detected can be278affected by the unique properties of the individual OVD (e.g., the molecular279weight), which could alter how the OVD binds to the ocular tissue and280consequently the efficiency of enzyme digestion. Thus, the only established281method to assure that an OVD has low inflammatory potential is to test the282product in the anterior segment of the eye with subsequent assessment of283inflammation.284285Testing of an OVD in an animal model should be performed by injecting the286OVD intracamerally.13 The eyes should then be monitored for clinical signs of 287inflammation using a slit lamp for at least three days. The test method should be 288validated by quantifying the inflammation elicited by the OVD that has been289spiked with 0.01, 0.02 and 0.05 EU endotoxin, at a minimum.290291We recommend that sponsors who intend to perform this testing submit a Pre-292Submission to obtain feedback from DOED on the animal testing validation293recommendations and the acceptance criteria for release testing as well as for any 294other methods of detecting inflammation.22952962.Liquid Endotamponades297a.Similar to ISO 16672 (Ophthalmic implants — Ocular endotamponades), the298recommended endotoxin limit for liquid endotamponades is ≤0.5 EU/mL.299300B.Anterior Segment Solid Devices3011.The recommended endotoxin limit for all anterior segment solid intraocular302devices is ≤0.2 EU/device. This limit applies to implants that are placed entirely 303in the anterior segment such as IOLs, iris reconstruction lenses, and capsular304tension rings. For glaucoma devices, this limit applies to the segment of the305device placed in the anterior chamber and the segment(s) contacting the aqueous 3062 For more information on Pre-Submissions, please see “Requests for Feedback on Medical Device Submissions:The Pre-Submission Program and Meetings with Food and Drug Administration Staff”(/downloads/MedicalDevices/DeviceRegulationandGuidance/GuidanceDocuments/UCM311176.pdf).humor even though the main portion of the device may reside outside the eye. For 307single-use cannulated or lumened devices (e.g., irrigation/aspiration sleeves and 308tubing), this limit applies to the fluid path and the portion of the device with309aqueous humor contact.3103112.Test sample preparation:312The standard 40 mL/device extraction ratio can be adjusted to accommodate the 313small size of solid intraocular devices in accordance with the recommendation in 314the “FDA Guidance for Industry Pyrogen and Endotoxin Testing: Questions and 315Answers”316(/Drugs/GuidanceComplianceRegulatoryInformation/Guidanc 317es/ucm314718.htm). The volume of the extraction solution chosen for use should 318also take into consideration the endotoxin limit for the device and the sensitivity 319of the LAL lysate used in the testing. ANSI/AAMI ST72 specifies the minimum 320extraction time as 15 minutes at 37°-40°C or one hour at controlled room321temperature (typically 18-25°C), or other demonstrated equivalent conditions.1 322Because of the extreme sensitivity of the eye to endotoxin, the FDA recommends 323that the extraction be performed at 37°-40°C with agitation for a minimum of 60 324minutes to maximize the extraction efficiency. For cannulated or lumened325devices, sample preparation should consist of filling the fluid pathway with the 326extracting medium that has been pre-warmed to 37°± 1°C and then held at 37°± 3271°C for at least 60 minutes.328329C.Posterior Segment Solid Devices3301.The recommended endotoxin limit for all posterior segment solid intraocular331devices is ≤0.5 EU/device. This limit applies to the segment of the device placed 332in the posterior segment and any segment(s) contacting the vitreous even though 333part of the device may reside outside the eye. For devices that have a segment that 334contacts the aqueous humor and the vitreous or posterior segment, please contact 335the Division for recommended limits.3363372.Test sample preparation:338The test sample preparation is identical to that described for anterior segment339solid devices.340341VI.References3421. American National Standards Institute, Instrumentation AftAoM. Bacterial endotoxins-343Test methodologies, routine monitoring, and alternatives to batch testing, ST72: 2011.3442. Mamalis N, Edelhauser HF, Dawson DG, Chew J, LeBoyer RM, Werner L. Toxic345anterior segment syndrome. J Cataract Refract Surg 2006;32:324-33.3463. Ronge LJ. Toxic Anterior Segment Syndrome: Why sterile isn't clean enough. EyeNet. 347San Francisco: American Academy of Ophthalmology, 2002.3484. Cutler CM, Brubaker J, Clouser S, Danford C, Edelhauser HE, Mamalis N. Toxic349anterior segment syndrome: common causes. J Cataract Refract Surg 2010;36:1073-80.3505. Mamalis N. Toxic anterior segment syndrome. J Cataract Refract Surg 2006;32:181-2. 3516. Holland SP, Morck DW, Lee TL. Update on toxic anterior segment syndrome. Current 352Opinion in Ophthalmology 2007;18:4-8.3537. Maier P, Birnbaum F, Bohringer D, Reinhard T. Toxic anterior segment syndrome354following penetrating keratoplasty. Arch Ophthalmol 2008;126:1677-81.3558. Kreisler KR, Martin SS, Young CW, Anderson CW, Mamalis N. Postoperative356inflammation following cataract extraction caused by bacterial contamination of the cleaning 357bath detergent. J Cataract Refract Surg 1992;18:106-10.3589. Richburg FA, Reidy JJ, Apple DJ, Olson RJ. Sterile hypopyon secondary to ultrasonic 359cleaning solution. J Cataract Refract Surg 1986;12:248-51.36010. Kutty PK, Forster TS, Wood-Koob C, et al. Multistate outbreak of toxic anterior segment 361syndrome, 2005. J Cataract Refract Surg 2008;34:585-90.36211. Buchen SY, Calogero D, Hilmantel G, Eydelman MB. Rabbit ocular reactivity to363bacterial endotoxin contained in aqueous solution and ophthalmic viscosurgical devices.364Ophthalmology 2012;119:e4-e10.36512. The United States Pharmacopeial Convention. Bacterial Endotoxins Test <85>. United 366States Pharmacopeia, 2011.36713. Buchen SY, Calogero D, Hilmantel G, Eydelman MB. Detecting endotoxin368contamination of ophthalmic viscosurgical devices: intracameral versus intravitreal assays in 369rabbits. Ophthalmology 2012;119:e11-8.370。

眼科英文

1、眼科基础及眼科检查法By张沫eye ball眼球fibrous tunic纤维膜cornea ['kɔ:niə]角膜sclera ['sklirə]巩膜limbus 角膜缘uvea ['ju:viə]葡萄膜iris虹膜pupil瞳孔ciliary body睫状体choroid ['kɔ:rɔid]脉络膜retina视网膜retinal detachment视网膜脱离macula lutea黄斑fovea centralis黄斑中心凹optic disc视盘、视乳头retinal pigment epithelium,,RPE视网膜色素上皮cones, rods 视锥视杆细胞anterior chamber 前房vitreous ['vitriəs] 玻璃体aqueous humor 房水lens 晶状体visual pathway 视路visual field 视野light reflex 光反射near reflex 近反射eyelids, palpebrae ['pælpəbrə] 眼睑conjunctiva ['kɔndʒʌŋk'taivə] 结膜tarsal plate 睑板palpebral conjunctiva 睑结膜bulbar conjunctiva 球结膜fornical conjunctiva 穹窿结膜lacrimal apparatus 泪器lacrimal gland 泪腺lacrimal passages 泪道lacrimal puncta 泪点lacrimal canaliculi [kænə'likjuləs] 泪小管lacrimal sac 泪囊nasolacrimal duct 鼻泪管rectus 直肌oblique 斜肌obit 眼眶orbital wall 眶壁optic canal 视神经管superior orbital fissure 眶上裂inferior orbital fissure 眶下裂apical orbital syndrome/orbital apex syndrome眶尖综合征superior orbital fissure syndrome眶上裂综合征ophthalmic artery 眼动脉central retinal artery 视网膜中央动脉ciliary artery 睫状动脉vortex vein 涡静脉ciliary ganglion 睫状神经节frontal 额骨zygomatic [,zaigəu'mætik]颧骨maxilla [mæk'silə]上颌骨lacrimal泪骨ethmoid筛骨greater & lesser wing of sphenoid蝶骨大小翼palatine腭骨posterior ethmoid后筛孔anterior ethmoid 前筛孔Schirmer test Schirmer试验break up time, BUT 泪膜破裂时间accommodation-convergence reflex 调节-集合反射direct ophthalmoscope 直接检眼镜foveal reflex 中心凹反射vision 视力visual angle 视角counting fingers, CF 数指hand movement, HM 手动light perception, LP 光感light projection 光定位color vision test 色觉试验double point test 两点试验blindness 盲low vision 低视力physiologic blind spot 生理盲点Stereoscopic vision [ˌsteriəs'kɔpik]立体视觉electrooculogram, EOG 眼电图electroretinogram, ERG 视网膜电图visual evoked potential, VEP 视觉诱发电位silt lamp 裂隙灯gonioscope [ˌsteriəs'kɔpik] 前房角镜Schwalbe line Schwalbe线trabecular meshwork 小梁网sclera spur 巩膜突ciliary body band 睫状体带last roll of iris 虹膜末卷intraocular pressure, IOP 眼内压applanation tonometer/Goldmann 压平眼压计/Goldmann眼压计non-contract tonometer, NCT 非接触眼压计fundus fluorescein angiography, FFA 眼底荧光血管造影indocyanine green angiography, ICGA 吲哚青绿血管造影optical coherence tomography, OCT 光学相干断层扫描ultrasound biomicroscope, UBM 超声生物显微镜2、外眼疾病&眼表疾病By王宇palpebral edema 眼睑水肿herpes simplex palpebral dermatitis 眼睑单纯疱疹病毒herpes zoster palpebral dermatitis 眼睑带状疱疹Chalazion [kə'leiziən] 睑板腺囊肿Hordeolum[hɔ:'di:ələm]睑板腺炎/麦粒肿Blepharitis 睑缘炎Squamous/ulcerative/angular blepharitis鳞屑性/溃疡性/眦部睑缘炎Trichiasis [tri'kaiəsis]倒睫Entropion 睑内翻Ectropion 睑外翻Congenital/spastic/senile/cicatricial[sikə'triʃəl] entropion先天性/痉挛性/老年性/瘢痕性睑内翻paralytic ectropion 麻痹性睑外翻Ptosis 上睑下垂Lagophthalmos[lægɔf'θælmɔs]眼睑闭合不全Hemangioma 血管瘤Nevus['ni:vəs]色素痣Xanthelasma[zænθə'læzmə]黄色瘤basal cell carcinoma 基底细胞癌squamous cell carcinoma 鳞状细胞癌carcinoma of meibomian glands 睑板腺癌Epiphora[i'pifərə]泪溢Lacrimation 流泪Dacryocystitis 泪囊炎Dacryocystorhinostomy 鼻腔泪囊吻合术Pterygium[tə'ridʒi:əm]翼状胬肉Pinguecula[piŋ'gwekjulə]睑裂斑Conjunctivitis 结膜炎Papilla/follicle乳头/滤泡Chlamydia 衣原体Keratitis 角膜炎Acanthamoeba 棘阿米巴性Neuroparalytic 神经麻痹性Rodent 蚕食性corneal infiltration 角膜浸润corneal ulcer 角膜溃疡Descemetocele[desə'metəsi:l]后弹力层膨出adherent leucoma 粘连性角膜白斑corneal fistula 角膜瘘Nebula/macula/leucoma 角膜云翳/斑翳/白斑corneal staphyloma 角膜葡萄肿serpiginous ulcer[sə'pidʒənəs]匐行性溃疡herpes simplex keratitis（HSK）单纯疱疹病毒性角膜炎dendritic/geographic keratitis 树枝状/地图状（上皮性）角膜炎stromal keratitis 基质性角膜炎corneal endothelitis 角膜内皮炎trophic keratopathy 营养性角膜病变penetrating keratoplasty 穿透性角膜移植术lamellar keratoplasty 板层角膜移植术endothelium keratoplasty 角膜内皮移植术limbal stem cell transplantation 角膜缘干细胞移植手术degeneration and dystrophy 变性和营养不良3、葡萄膜疾病By陈扬iris 虹膜blood-aqueous barrier 血-房水屏障ciliary body 睫状体choroid 脉络膜uveitis 葡萄膜炎panuveitis 全葡萄膜炎iritis 虹膜炎iridocyclitis 虹膜睫状体炎anterior cyclitis 前部睫状体炎keratic precipitate，KP 角膜后沉着物mutton-fat KP 羊脂状KPTyndall’s sign房水闪辉hyphema 前房积血hypopyon 前房积脓pupilary seclusion 瞳孔闭锁pulilary occlusion 瞳孔膜闭corneal opacity 角膜混浊sympathetic ophthalmia 交感性眼炎4、青光眼GlaucomaBy毕海intraocular pressure, IOP 眼压optic nerve damage 视神经损害visual field defect 视野缺损ocular hypertension, OH 高眼压症normal tension glaucoma, NTG 正常眼压性青光眼primary angle-closure glaucoma, PACG 原发性闭角型青光眼relative papillary block 相对瞳孔阻滞plateau iris 高褶虹膜acute angle-closure glaucoma 急性闭角型青光眼pre-clinical stage 临床前期prodromal stage 前驱期acute attack stage 急性发作期glaucomflecken 青光眼斑intermittent stage 间歇期chronic stage 慢性期absolute stage 绝对期primary open angle glaucoma, POAG 原发性开角型青光眼retinal nerve fiber layer defect, RNFL-D 视网膜神经纤维层缺损optic disc damage 视乳头损害glaucomatocyclitic crisis 青光体-睫状体炎综合征neovascular glaucoma 新生血管性青光眼congenital glaucoma 先天性青光眼5、晶状体病&防盲与治盲By张铭涛Lens 晶状体Spherophakia 球形晶状体Lenticonus 圆锥形晶状体Lens dislocation 晶状体脱位Lens sublaxtion 晶状体半脱位Cataract 白内障Senile Cataract/age related Cataract老年性白内障Cortical Cataract皮质性白内障Incipient stage 初发期Intumescent stage/immature stage 肿胀期/未熟期Mature stage成熟期Hypermature stage 过熟期Phaco-anaphylactic uveitis 晶状体蛋白过敏性葡萄膜炎Phacolytic glaucoma 晶状体溶解性青光眼Nuclear Cataract 核性白内障Subcapsular Cataract 囊下白内障Extracapsular cataract extraction and posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation 白内障囊外摘除及后房型人工晶体植入术Extracapsular cataract extraction ECCE 白内障囊外摘除术intracapsular cataract extraction ICCE 白内障囊内摘除术contact lens 接触镜intraocular lens IOL 人工晶体congenital Cataract 先天性白内障after Cataract 后发性白内障The prevention and treatment of blindness 防盲治盲Visual impairment视力损害Trachoma 沙眼Corneal scarring 角膜瘢痕形成Low vision 低视力Visual disability 视性残疾6.1 视网膜病By李荣雪retinal vascular diseases 视网膜血管病retinal detachment 视网膜脱离foveal avascular zone, FAZ 黄斑无血管区retinal artery occlusion 视网膜动脉阻塞Central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) 视网膜中央动脉阻塞Branch retinal artery occlusion (BRAO) 视网膜分支动脉阻塞Cilioretinal artery occlusion 睫网动脉阻塞retinal vein occlusion，RVO 视网膜静脉阻塞central retinal vein occlusion ,CRVO 视网膜中央静脉阻塞hemi-central retinal vein occlusion, H-CRVO 视网膜半侧静脉阻塞branch retinal vein occlusion, BRVO 视网膜分支静脉阻塞macular branch retinal vein occlusion, McBRVO 黄斑分支静脉阻塞optical coherence tomography, OCT 激光断层扫描branch retinal vein occlusion, BRVO 视网膜分支静脉阻塞Cystoid macular edema 黄斑囊样水肿Neovascularization 新生血管Neovascular glaucoma，NVG 新生血管性青光眼laser chorioretinal anastomosis 激光视网膜脉络膜吻合术Radial Optic Neurotomy 放射状视神经切开术arteriovanous sheathotomy 动静脉鞘膜切开术retinal hole 视网膜裂孔lattice degeneration 格子样变性retinal detachment 视网膜脱离macular hole 黄斑裂孔rhegmatogenous retinal detachment , RRD 裂孔源性视网膜脱离traction retinal detachment 牵拉性视网膜脱离Exudative retinal detachment 渗出性视网膜脱离traumatic retinal detachment 外伤性视网膜脱离6.2 视网膜解剖病理&ROP&AMDBy王丹丹Retinal pigment epithelium RPE 视网膜色素上皮Optic disc 视盘Macula 黄斑Fovea 中心凹Vascular narrowing 血管管径变窄Arteriosclerosis 动脉硬化Dilataion 扩张Tortusity 迂曲Vascular sheathing 血管白鞘Blood-retinal barrier 血-视网膜屏障Retinal hemorrhages 视网膜出血Preretinal hemorrhages 视网膜前出血Superficial hemorrhages 浅层出血Deep hemorrhages 深层出血Subretinal hemorrhages 视网膜下出血Vitreous hemorrhages 玻璃体出血Hard exudates/fatty exudates 硬性渗出/脂肪渗出Cotton wool spots 棉絮斑Cloudy swelling 雾样水肿Retinopathy of prematurity ROP 早产儿视网膜病变Ora serrata 锯齿缘Iris dialysis 虹膜根部离断Lens dislocation 晶状体脱位Traumatic cataract 外伤性白内障Eluxation of eyeball 眼球脱位Amblyopia 弱视Strabismus 斜视Age-related macular degeneration 年龄性黄斑变性Drusen 玻璃膜疣7、视神经及视路疾病&眼外伤By孙卓然papilloedema 视乳头水肿optic neuritis 视神经炎papillitis 视神经乳头炎anterior ischemic optic neuropathy，AION 前部缺血性视神经病变optic atrophy 视神经萎缩optic chiasm 视交叉optic tract 视束lateral geniculate body 外侧膝状体optic radiation 视放射bitemporal hemianopsia 双颞侧偏盲homonymous hemianopsia 同侧偏盲cortical blindness 皮质盲afferent pupil defect 传入性瞳孔阻滞efferent pupil defect 传出性瞳孔阻滞ocular trauma 眼外伤blunt trauma 眼球钝挫伤eye lid lacerations 眼睑裂伤canalicular laceration 泪小管断裂subconjunctival hemorrhage 球结膜下出血oculomotor apraxia 眼球运动障碍proptosis 眼球突出diplopia 复视traumatic paralytic strabismus 外伤性麻痹性斜视binocular vision 双眼单视visual confusion 视觉混淆superior orbital fissure syndrome 眶上裂综合征ptosis 上睑下垂optic canal 视神经孔orbital apex syndrome 眶尖综合征traumatic enophthalmos 外伤性眼球内陷palpebral emphysema 眼睑皮下气肿corneal abrasion 角膜擦伤ciliary congestion 睫状充血corneal erosion 角膜糜烂traumatic iridocyclitis 外伤性虹膜睫状体炎traumatic hyphema 前房出血iridodialysis 虹膜根部解离angle recession 房角后退corneal blood staining 角膜血染traumatic aniridia 外伤性无虹膜angle recession 房角劈裂cyclodialysis cleft 睫状体脱离subchoroidal dropsy 脉络膜下积液hypotony 低眼压cystic degeneration of macula 黄斑囊样变性traumatic cataract 外伤性白内障traumatic luxation of len 外伤性晶状体脱位iridodonesis 虹膜震颤phacoanaphylactic endophthalmitis 晶状体过敏性眼内炎ghost cell glaucoma 血影细胞性青光眼pseudohypopyon 假性前房积脓commotio retinae 视网膜震荡choroidal rupture 脉络膜破裂vitreous hemorrhage 玻璃体积血preretinal hemorrhage 视网膜前出血proliferative vitreoretinopathy 增殖性视网膜玻璃体病变optic nerve avulsion 视神经撕脱eyeball rupture 眼球破裂伤penetrating injury 眼球穿通伤perforating trauma 眼球贯通伤membranous cataract 膜样白内障sympathetic ophthalmia 交感性眼炎8、斜视弱视&眼视光学By徐驰宇Amblyopia弱视Strabismus斜视fusion融合功能stereopsis立体视strabismic amblyopia斜视性弱视anisometropic amblyopia屈光参差性弱视refractive amblyopia 屈光不正性弱视deprivation amblyopia形觉剥夺性弱视heterophoria隐斜heterotropia显斜Lateral rectus 外直肌Medial rectus内直肌Superior rectus上直肌Inferior rectus下直肌Superior oblique上斜肌Inferior oblique下斜肌contrast sensitivity function对比敏感度crowing phenomenon拥挤现象concomitant strabismus共同性斜视incomitant strabismus非共同性斜视paralytic strabismus麻痹性斜视diplopia复视optometry视光学emmetropia正视眼ametropia非正视眼refractive error屈光不正refraction屈光refractive power屈光力Diopter, D 屈光度accommodation调节Presbyopia老视myopia近视眼LASIK激光治疗近视眼hyperopia远视眼astigmatism散光anisometropia屈光参差pseudomyopia假性近视9、全身病的眼底表现By李沛源hypertensive retinopathy 高血压性视网膜病变systemic hypertension 高血压病arteriolar narrowing 弥漫性或节段性小动脉缩窄copper wire reflex 动脉铜丝样反光silver wire reflex 动脉银丝样反光Salus’sign Salus征Gunn’s si gn Gunn征Elschnig’s spots后极部Elschnig 斑Siegrist’s streaks Siegrist 条纹senile arteriosclerosis 老年性动脉硬化atherosclerosis 动脉粥样硬化arteriolar sclerosis 小动脉硬化Diabetic Retinopathy 糖尿病性视网膜病变diabetes mellitus,DM 糖尿病nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy（NPDR）黄斑水肿,缺血或硬渗侵犯中心凹proliferative diabetic retinopathy（PDR）玻璃体出血、PVR及牵拉性网脱microaneurysm 微血管瘤intraretinal Haemorrhages 视网膜内出血hard exudates 硬性渗出cotton-wool spot 棉绒斑intraretinal microvascular abnormalities,IRMA 视网膜内的微血管异常preretinal haemorrhage 视网膜前出血vitreous haemorrhage 玻璃体积血retinal detachment 视网膜脱离Linnier-Wilson syndrome 肝豆状核变性Chlorosarcoma 绿色瘤acquired immnodeficiency sydrome,AIDS 获得性免疫缺陷综合征thyroid associated ophthalmopathy,TAO 甲状腺相关眼病Roth斑。

海洋工程设计讲座-固定平台结构设计

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在位分析和所采用的许用应力放大系数
Item ᤤ Factor
ᤤ In-place with operating storm
ᤤ 1.00
ᤤ In-place with 100-year extreme storm
ᤤ 1.33
ᤤ In-place with earthquake
ᤤ 1.70
ᤤ Loadout
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RUP 立管公共设施平台 MOP系泊平台编号举例：DWG-CEP-ST-1101
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眼科英语名词大全

眼科名词大全常见英文缩写PVD 玻璃体后脱离CRVO 中静阻BRVO 分支静阻CRAO 中动阻CME 黄斑囊样水肿RD 视网膜脱离RRD 孔源性RD PVR 增殖性视网膜病变CNV 脉络膜新生血管NVI 虹膜新生血管PCV 息肉样脉络膜病变PPV 玻璃体切除术Phaco+IOL+GSL 白内障+晶体植入+房角分离术AION 前部缺血性视网膜病变PDR 增殖性DR BDR 背景期DR RP 视网膜色素变性PK 全层角膜移植LK 板层角膜移植AABK：aphakic bullous keratopathy无晶体性大泡性角膜病变abn：abnormal异常AC：anterior chamber前房ACC：accommodation调节ACG：angle-closure glaucoma闭角青光眼ACIOL：anterior chamber intraocular lens前房型眼内晶体add：adduction or reading additional power内收；阅读另加屈光力ad lib：as desired当需要时adv：advanced高度AIBSE：acute idiopathic blind spot enlargement急性特发性盲点扩大综合征AIDS：acquired immunodeficiency syndrome艾滋病AION：arteritic ischemic optic neuropathy动脉缺血性视神经病变：anterior ischemic optic neuropathy前部缺血性视神经病变AL：argon laser氩激光ALPI：argon laser peripheral iridoplasty氩激光周边虹膜成形术ALT：argon laser trabeculoplasty氩激光小梁成形术AMA：against medical advice违反医疗忠告ambl：amblyopia弱视AMD：age-related macular degeneration年龄相关性黄斑变性AMN：acute macular neuroretinopathy急性黄斑神经视网膜病变AMPPE：acute multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy急性多病灶性盾鳞状色素上皮病变AMPPPE：acute multifocal posterior placoid pigment epitheliopathy 急性多病灶性后部盾鳞状色素上皮病变ANA：antinuclear antibody抗核抗体APMPPE：acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy急性后部多病灶性盾鳞状色素上皮病变AODM：adult-onset diabetes mellitus成人（发病）型糖尿病AP：anteroposterior前后APD：afferent pupillary defect瞳孔传入缺陷APTT：activated partial thromboplastin time激活部分促凝血酶原激酶时间ARC：anomalous retinal correspondence异常视网膜对应ARMD：age-retinal pigment epitheliitis年龄相关性黄斑变性ARN：acute retinal necrosis急性视网膜坏死ARPE：acute retinal pegment epitheliitis急性视网膜色素上皮炎art：artificial tears人工泪液AS：anterior synechia前粘连ASA：aspirin(acetylsalicylic acid)阿司匹林ASAP：ASCanterior subcapsular cataract前囊下白内障ASCVD：atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease动脉硬化性心血管病ASHD：atherosclerotic heart disease动脉硬化性心脏病astig：astigmatism散光ATR：against-the-rule(astigmatism)逆规性（散光）AU：anterior uveitis前葡萄膜炎BBC：base curve基底曲线BCC：basal cell carcinoma基底细胞癌BCP：birth control pill避孕丸BCR：base curve radius基底弯曲半径BCVA：best corrected visual acuity最佳矫正视力BD：base down底向下BDR：background diabetic retinopathy背景型糖尿病性视网膜病变BI：base in底向内BIO：binocular indirect ophthalmoscope双眼间接检眼镜BK：bullous keratopathy大泡性角膜病变bleph：blepharitis睑缘炎BM：basement membrane基底膜BO：base out底向外BRAO：branch retinal artery occlusion视网膜分枝动脉阻塞BRVO：branch retinal vein occlusion视网膜分枝静脉阻塞BU：base up底向上BUT：break-up time泪膜破裂时间BVA：best visual acuity最佳视力bx：biopsy活检Cc：cornea角膜CA：carcinoma癌CABG：coronary artery bypass graft冠状动脉旁路移植CAD：coronary artery disease冠状动脉病CAI：carbonic anhydrase inhibitor碳酸酐酶抑制剂Cap：capsule胶囊CAR：cancer-associated retinopathy癌相关性视网膜病变cat：cataract白内障CAT：computed axial tomography计算机体层摄影术CB：ciliary body睫状体CBC：complete blood count完全血细胞计数cc：with correction矫正（视力）cc：chief complaint主诉CCA：common carotid artery颈总动脉CCT：computer-assisted corneal topography角膜地形图仪C/D：cup-to-disc ratio杯/盘比CF：count fingers数指CFZ：capillary-free zone无毛细血管地带C＆F：cells and flare细胞和光带（闪光）CHF：congestive heart failure充血性心力衰竭CHI：closed head injury闭合性头颅外伤CHRPE：congenital hypertrophy of retinal pigment epithelium先天性视网膜色素上皮肥厚CK：conductive keratoplasty传导性角膜成形术CL：contact lens,clear接触镜，透明CME：cystoid macular edema囊样黄斑水肿cmv：cytomegalovirus巨细胞病毒CN：cranial nerve脑神经CNS：central nervous system中枢神经系统CNV：choroidal neovascularization脉络膜新生血管形成CNVM：choroidal neovascular membrane脉络膜新生血管膜c/o：complaining of主诉COAG：chronic open-angle glaucoma慢开角青光眼conj：conjunctiva结膜COP：cicatricial ocular pemphigoid瘢痕性眼类天疱疮CP：cerebral palsy大脑麻痹CPEO：chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia慢性进行性眼外肌麻痹CPR：cardiopulmonary resuscitation心肺复苏术CR：chorioretinal脉络膜视网膜CRAO：central retinal artery occlusion视网膜中央动脉阻塞CRT：corneal refractive therapy角膜屈光矫正法CRVO：central retinal vein occlusion视网膜中央静脉阻塞CSCR：central serous chorioretinopathy中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变CSF：cerebrospinal fluid脑脊髓液CSME：clinical significant macular edema临床意义性黄斑水肿CSR：central serous retinopathy中心性浆液性视网膜病变csw：corneoscleral wound角膜巩膜创伤CT：cover test遮盖试验；computed tomography计算机体层摄影CT scan：computed tomographic scan计算机体层扫描CV：color vision色觉CWS：cotton-wool spot棉絮斑Cx：culture（微生物）培养cyl：cylinder柱镜D：diopter or diameter屈光度或直径D/C：discontinue停止D＆C：deep and clear（前房）深而透明DD：disc diameter视盘直径DDx：differential diagnosis鉴别诊断DFE：dilated fundus examination扩瞳检查眼底D＆I：dilation and irrigation（泪道）扩张和灌洗DHD：dissociated horizontal deviation分离性水平偏斜dia：diameter直径DM：diabetes mellitus糖尿病DR：diabetic retinopathy糖尿病视网膜病变DV：distance vision远距离视力DVA：distance vision acuity远距离视力DVD：dissociated vertical deviation分离性垂直偏离DW：daily wear每日戴（接触镜）Dx：diagnosis诊断DX：Diamox醋氮酰胺EE：esophoria at far内隐斜（视远）E’：esophoria at near内隐斜（视近）ECA：external carotid artery颈外动脉ECCE：extracapsular cataract extraction白内障囊外摘除术EF：eccentric fixation离心注视EKC：epidemic keratoconjunctivitis流行性角结膜炎EMM：epimacular membrane黄斑表面膜endo：endothelium内皮细胞EOG：electro-oculogram眼电图EOM：extraocular muscles眼外肌eos：eosinophil嗜酸型细胞epi：epithelium上皮细胞ER：emergency room急诊室ERG：electroretinogram视网膜电图ERM：epiretinal membrane视网膜表面膜ET：esotropia at far内斜视（视远）ET’：esotropia at near内隐斜（视近）E（T）orIET：intermittent esotropia at far间歇性内隐斜（视近）E（T）’orIET’：intermittent esotropia at near间歇性内隐斜（视远）ETOH：ethyl alcohol乙醇，酒精EW：extended wear长期戴用（接触镜）EXT：external ocular examination外眼检查exoph：exophthalmos眼球突出FA：fluorescein angiography荧光素血管造影FAZ：fluorescein angiography中心凹无血管地带FB：foreign body异物FBS：fasting blood sugar空腹血糖FC：finger count数指FFA：fundus fluorescein angiography荧光素眼底血管造影fl：fluorescein荧光素FML：fluorometholone弗米隆FOHx：family ocular history家族眼病史FR：foveal reflex中心凹反光FROM：full range of motion运动范围完整FTA-ABS：fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption test荧光密螺旋体抗体吸收试验FTMH：full-thickness macular hole黄斑全层裂孔f/u：follow-up随访GCA：giant cell arteritis巨细胞性动脉炎GPC：giant papillary conjunctivitis巨乳头性结膜炎GVF：Goldmann visual field Goldmann视野HCL：hard contact lens硬性接触镜HSK：herpes simplex keratitis单纯疱疹性角膜炎HSV：herpes simplex virus单纯疱疹病毒HT：hypertropia at far上斜视（远距离）HT’：hypertropia at near上斜视（近距离）HVF：Humphrey visual field Humphrey视野HZO：herpes zoster ophthalmicus眼带状疱疹I：iris虹膜IC：iridocyclitis虹膜睫状体炎ICA：internal carotid artery颈内动脉ICCE：intracapsular cataract extraction白内障囊内摘除术ICE：inidocorneal endothelial syndrome虹膜角膜内皮综合征I IFIOL：iris-fixated intraocular lens虹膜固定眼内晶体IK：interstitial keratitis基质性角膜炎INO：internuclear ophthalmoplegia核间眼肌麻痹INQ：inferonasal quadrant鼻下象限int：intermittent间歇性IOFB：intraocular forergn body眼内异物IOH：intraocular hemorrhage眼内出血IOL：intraocular lens眼内晶状体，人工晶体ION：ischemic optic neuropathy缺血性视神经病变IOP：intraocular pressure眼压IR：infrared红外线IRMA：intraretinal microvascular abnormality视网膜内微血管异常ITQ：inferotemporal quadrant颞下象限iu：international unit or intermediate uveitis国际单位或中间葡萄膜炎IV：intravenous静脉内JCT：Juxtacanalicular Tissue管旁组织JODM：juvenile-onset diabetes mellitus青少年型糖尿病K：cornea or potassium角膜或钾KCS：keratoconjunctivitis sicca干燥性角膜结膜炎KP：keratic precipiate角膜后沉着物L：left or lens左或晶状体lac：lacrimal泪LASEK：laser subepithelial keratomileusis激光上皮下角膜磨削术LASIK：laser in situ keratomileusis激光原位角膜磨削术LCG：light contrast glare光对比炫耀LCTP：lateral canthal tendon plication外眦腱折叠术LI：laser iridotomy or laser interferometry激光虹膜切开术或激光干涉仪LK,LKP：lamellar keratoplasty板层角膜移植术LIO：left inferior oblique左眼下斜肌LIR：left inferior rectus左眼下直肌LL：lower lid or lids and lashes下睑或眼睑和睫毛LLR：left lateral rectus左眼外直肌LMR：left medial rectus左眼内直肌LN：lymph node淋巴结LP：light perception,light projection,or lumber puncture光感，光定位，或腰椎穿刺LPI：laser peripheral iridoplasty激光周边虹膜成形术LS：lid scrubs睑缘擦洗（治疗睑缘炎）LSO：laser scanner ophthalmolscope激光扫描检眼镜LSO：left superior oblique左眼上斜肌LSR：left superior rectus左眼上直肌LTP：laser trabeculoplasy激光小梁成形术LTQ：lower temporal quadrant颞下象限LVA：low vision aids低视力辅助lymph：lymphocytes or lymphatic淋巴细胞或淋巴mac：macular黄斑MAR：melanoma-associated retinopathy黑色素相关的视网膜病变max：maximum or maxillary最大值或上颌骨ME：macular edema黄斑水肿mERG：multifocal ERG多区域（多焦）视网膜电图mfERG：multifocal ERG多区域（多焦）视网膜电图MEWDS：multiple evanescent white dot syndrome多数消散性白点综合征MFC：multifocal choroiditis多病灶性脉络膜炎M.G. ：Marcus Gunn瞳孔传入缺陷MR：manifest refraction显性验光MRA：magnetic resonance angiography磁共振血管造影术MRD：上睑缘至角膜中心反光点的距离MS：multiple sclerosis多发性硬化NAG：narrow-angle glaucoma窄角型青光眼NAION：nonarteritic ischemic optic neuropathy非动脉缺血性视神经病变NAP：no apparent pathology无明显病理学NCT：noncontact tonometer非接触眼压计NFL：nerve fiber layer神经纤维层NFLD：nerve fiber layer defect神经纤维层缺陷NG：nongranulomatous非肉芽肿性NI：no improvement无进步NIDDM：non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病NION：Nonarteritic ischemic optic neuropathy非动脉缺血性视神经病变NKA：no known allergies无已知的过敏反应NLP：no light perception无光感Non repet：not to be repeated(refilled)不重复（再次发药）NPA：near point of accommodation调节近点NPC：near point of convergence集合近点NPDR：non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy非增生性糖尿病视网膜病变NRC：normal retinal correspondence正常视网膜对应NS：nuclear sclerosis核性白内障（核硬化）NTG：normal tension glaucoma正常眼压性青光眼NV：near vision or neovascularization近视力或新生血管形成NV：neovascularization新生血管形成NVA：Near visual acuity近视力NVD：neovascularization of disc视盘新生血管形成NVE：neovascularization of retina elsewhere视网膜新生血管形成NVG：neovascular glaucoma新生血管性青光眼NVI：neovascularization of the iris虹膜新生血管形成OA：optic atrophy视神经萎缩OAG：open-angle glaucoma开角型青光眼OCP：ocular cicatricial pemphigoid眼瘢痕性类天疱疮OCT：optic coherence tomography光学相干体层扫描术，光学相干层析术OD：right eye右眼ODM：ophthalmodynamometry眼动脉压测量OFHx：ocular family history眼病家族史OHTN：ocular hypertension高眼压病OHx：ocular history眼病史OKN：optokinetic nystagmus视运动性眼球震颤ON：optic nerve视神经ONAorOA：optic nerve atrophy or optic atrophy视神经萎缩ONH：optic nerve head视神经头ONSD：optic nerve sheath decompression视神经鞘减压术Over-refraction重叠验光Ortho：orthophoria正视轴Ortho-K：CRT,corneal refractive therapy角膜屈光矫正法OS：left eye左眼OU：both eyes双眼OZ：optical zone光学地带p：pupil瞳孔PA：posteroanterior后前PACG：primary angle-closure glaucoma原发性闭角型青光眼PACT：prism alternating cover test棱镜交替遮盖试验PAM：potential acuity meter潜在视力计PAN：preauricular node耳前淋巴结PAS：peripheral anterior synechia周边虹膜前粘连PBK：pseudophakic bullous keratopathy无晶状体性大泡性角膜病变PC：after meals餐后PC：posterior capsule后囊PCF：pharyngoconjunctival fever咽结膜热PCIOL：posterior chamber intraocular lens后房眼内晶体PCO：posterior capsular opacity后囊混浊PD：prism diopter棱镜屈光度PD：pupillary distance瞳孔距离PDR：proliferative diabetic retinopathy增生性糖尿病视网膜病变PDS：pigment dispersion syndrome色素播散综合征PDT：photodynamic therapy光动力疗法PED：pigment epithelial detachment色素上皮脱离PEE：punctate epithelial erosions点状上皮侵蚀PEK：punctate epithelial keratitis点状上皮角膜炎PERG：pattern electroretinogram图形视网膜电图PERRL：pupils equal,round,reactive to light瞳孔相等，圆，对光反射PERRLA：pupils equal,round,reactive to light and accommodation瞳孔相等，圆，对光反应和调节phako：phakoemulsification晶状体乳化术PHNIorNIph：pinhole no improvement针孔无进步PHPV：persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous永存原始玻璃体增生症PI：present illness,peripheral iridotomy,or peripheral iridectomy现有疾病，周边虹膜切开术，或周边虹膜切除术PKPorPK：penetrating keratoplasty穿透性角膜移植术PMMA：polymethyl methacrylate聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（有机玻璃）PMN：polymorphonuclear neutrophil多形核中性白细胞POAG：primary open-angle glaucose原发性开角型青光眼post：posterior后PPA：peripapillary atrophy视乳头周围萎缩PPDR：pre-proliferative diabetic retinopathy增生前型糖尿病视网膜病变PPL：pars plana lensectomy平部晶状体切除术PPV：pars plana vitrectomy平部玻璃体切割术PRK：photorefractive keratectomy激光屈光角膜切除术PRP：pan-retinal photocoagulation全视网膜光凝术PS：posterior synechia虹膜后粘连PSC：posterior subcapsular catarcat后囊下白内障PTC：pseudotumor cerebri大脑假性肿瘤PTK：phototherapeutic keratectomy光治疗性角膜切除术PVD：posterior vitreous detachment玻璃体后脱离PVEP：pattern visual evoked potential图形视觉诱发电位PVR：proliferative vitreoretinopathy增生性玻璃体视网膜病变PXE：psuedoxanthoma elasticum弹力性黄假瘤RBON：retrobulbar optic neuritis球后视神经炎RCE：recurrent corneal erosion复发性角膜侵蚀RD：retinal ditachment视网膜脱离RF：rheumatoid factor类风湿因子R-G：red-green红-绿S-RGB：Red green blue红绿蓝T-RGP：rigid gas permeable刚质透气（接触镜）RI：rubeosis iridis虹膜红变RIO：right inferior oblique右眼下斜肌RIR：right inferior rectus右眼下直肌RK：radial keratotomy放射状角膜切开术RLR：right lateral tectus右眼外直肌RMR：right medial rectus右眼内直肌SB：scleral buckle巩膜扣带术sc：without correction未戴眼镜矫正SCL：soft contact lens软接触镜SEI：subepithelial infiltrate上皮下侵润SI：sector iridectomy扇形虹膜切除术SLE：slit lamp examination or systemic lupus erythematosus裂隙灯检查或系统性红斑狼疮SLK：superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis上部角膜缘角结膜炎SNQ：superonasal quadrant鼻上象限SOB：shortness of breath呼吸短促Sol：solution溶液S/P：status post后状态（例如XX手术后）Sph：spherical球面镜SPK：superficial punctuate keratitis浅层点状角膜炎SR：subjective refraction主觉验光SRF：subretinal fluid视网膜下液体SRNV：subretinal neovascularization视网膜下新生血管形成SRNVM：subretinal neovascular membrane视网膜下新生血管膜SRx：spectacle prescription眼镜处方Ss：scleral spur or sickle cell disease巩膜突或镰状细胞病STQ：superotemporal quadrant颞上象限strab：strabismus斜视SVP：spontaneous venous pulsation自发性静脉波动synech：synechia虹膜粘连TA：applanation tonometry or temporal arteritis压平式眼压测量法或颞动脉炎TaTap：applanation tonometry压平式眼压测量法TBUT：tear break-up time泪膜破裂时间TDx：tentative diagnosis试验性诊断TIA：transient ischemic attack暂时性缺血性发作TM：trabecular meshwork小梁网状组织，小梁网络Tnct：noncontact(air puff)tonometry非接触性（空气冲击）眼压测量法Ttrab：trabeculectomy小梁切除术UCT：unilateral cover test单眼遮盖试验UL：upper lid上睑UNQ：upper nasal quadrant鼻上象限V：vitreous玻璃体VA：visual acuity视力Vcc：vision with correction较正视力Vccl：vision with contact lens接触镜矫正视力VEP：visual evoked potential视诱发电位VER：visual evoked response视诱发反应VF：visual fields视野VH：vitreous hemorrhage玻璃体积血VKC：vernal keratoconjunctivitis春季角膜结膜炎VKH：Vogt-koyanagi-harada syndrome综合征VOR：vestibuloocular reflex前庭眼反射Vsc：vision without correction裸眼视力VZV：varicella-zoster correction水痘-带状疱疹病毒W-4-D：Worth-four-dot Worth四点灯WC：warm compresses热敷WC/LS：warm compresses and lid scrubs热敷及擦洗睑缘Wk：week星期WNL：within normal limits在正常限度内WRA：with-the-rule astigmatism顺规性（散光）X：exophoria at far or axis外隐斜（视远）或轴X’：exophoria at near外隐斜（视近）XT：constant exotropia at far外斜视（视远）XT’：contant exotropia at near外斜视（视近）X(T)orIXT：intermittent exotropia at far间歇性外斜视（视远）X(T)’orIXT’：intermittent exotropia at near间歇性外斜视（视近）YAG：yttrium aluminum garnet亿铝石榴激光YLI：YAG laser iridotomy YAG激光虹膜切开术YPC：YAG laser posterior capsulotomy YAG激光后囊切开术。

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1. )CONDITIONS :1.1Specifications: AISC & API-RP21.2In practice a horizontal force of 5% of the static sling load should be appliedsimultanrously with the sling load.1.3Try : main & cheek plate materials to Q345BF y=325N / mm 21.4The lifting shackle pin diameter ,( 35 ton shackle , type BX class S( 6 ).)B =60.00mm Pin hole clearance ,C= 3.00mm The pin hole diameter in the lifting padeye ,D pin-hole= B + C =63.00mm Radius of pin hole ,R hole =D pin-hole / 2=31.50mm Width of main plate ,W =300mm Center of pin hole from base ,H =170mm Thickness of main plate ,M THK =30mm Radius of main plate ,R M =120mm( > 1.25 * Dpin-hole )OK! Radius of cheek plate ,R CH =100.00mm Thickness of cheek plate ,CH THK =20mmWidth of stiffener plate ,ST W =160mm Thickness of stiffener plate ,ST THK=20mm Effective bearing angle ,a =120DEGREES Resultant force angle ,q=67DEGREES 1.5Taking padeye extreme case :Max . LoadF 3=525.00KN ( Total Load Factor =1.5)Static Sling LoadF S L 350.00KN2. )CHECK FOR BEARINGPin diameter , B=60.00mm Total plate thk ,T p l =M THK + 2 * CH THK =70mm Bearing force ,F b r =525000N Bearing area ,A b r =T pl * (B / 2 * a * p / 180 )=4398.23mm 2f b r=F br / A br =119.37N / mm 2<0.9 * F y =292.5N / mm 2OK!3. )CHECK FOR PULL - OUT DOUBLE SHEARShear forceF s h=525000N Shear area ( effective ) ,A s h=4 * CH THK ( R CH - R hole ) + 2 * MTHK ( RM - Rhole )=10790.00mm 2f v=f s h / A s h =48.66N / mm2<0.4 * F y STRENGTH CHECK OF LIFTING PADEYE( FOR PADEYE TYPE 35 ton )4. )CHECK FOR TENSIONTensile force ,F T=525000NConsider section along lower semi-circumference of cheek plateEffective net area ,A t e1=(p * R+ 2 * ( R M-R CH ) ) * M THKCH=10624.78mm2f t 1=F T / A t e1=49.41N / mm2<0.60 * F y=195.00N / mm2OK!Consider straight section through bore centreline.Effective net area ,A t e2= 4 * CH THK ( R CH - R hole ) + 2 * MTHK ( RM - Rhole )=10790.00mm2f t 2=F T / A t e2=48.66N / mm2<0.45 * F y=146.25N / mm2OK!5. )WELD CHECK BETWEEN MAIN + CHEEK PLATE1.Max. allowable weld stress for weld with Q345B steel , F s s=0.4 * F y=130.0N / mm22.Min. required weld areaA W=F3 * CH THK / ( FW * (2 * CH THK +M THK))=1153.85mm2Fillet weld size ( equal legs ) ,S=A W / (0.707 * p * 2 * R CH)= 2.60mm Therefore, use12 mm equal legs, for cheek plateson padeye.6. )BENDING STRESS CHECKH F3=F3 * COS ( q )=205134NV F3=F3 * SIN ( q )=483265N Effective area at base of padeye main plate and stiffener plates,A BASE=M THK * W+ 2 * ST W * ST THK=15400mm2Neutral axis location , X=150.00mm (W/2)Eccentric distance ,E=0.00mmMoment of inertia & section modulus @ N.A. ,I xx=M THK * W3 / 12 + 2 * (ST W * ST THK3 / 12 + S TW * ST THK * ((W / 2)+ST THK / 2) 2)=231553333mm4S xx=I xx / (X +ST THK)=1362078.43mm3 Moment of inertia & section modulus @ Y-Y ,I yy=M THK3 * W/ 12 + 2 * ST THK * ST W3 / 12=14328333.3mm4S yy=I yy / ( ST W / 2)=179104.167mm36.1 )IN - PLANE BENDING CHECKMoment force ,M=ABS ( H F3 * H - V F3 * E )=34872753.2N - mm Tensile stress , f t i=V F3 / A BASE=31.38N / mm2<0.60 * F y=195.00N / mm2OK!Bending stress ,f b a=M * (W - X + ST THK) / I xx=25.60N / mm2<0.66* F y6.2 )SHEAR CHECK ON CONNECTIONSAlong main plate & T.O.S.f v =H F3 / ( M THK * W )(Effective area no-including stiffener plates)=22.79N / mm 2<0.40 * F y =130.00N / mm 2OK!6.3 )OUT - OF - PLANE BENDING* *Consider 5 % contingency for side load caused by out of plane pull due to error between actualand theoretical C.G., wind load & load swing.F L=0.05* F SL=17500NI @ Bore centre ( Y-Y)R 1=R CH - R hole=69mm R 2=R M - R hole=89mmIC yy ==3914583mm4SC yy=IC yy / ( CH THK + M THK / 2 )=111845.24mm3Moment @ Bore centrelineM CL =F L * R hole =551250N - mm f b=M CL / SC yy= 4.93N / mm 2<0.66 * F y =214.5N / mm 2OK!I at the base of the padeye ( Y - Y)I yyb =I yy =14328333.3mm 4S yyb=S yy=179104.167mm 4Moment @ Bore T.O.S. ( Base )M B =F L * ( H + R hole )=3526250N - mm f bb=M B / S yyb=19.69N / mm 2<0.66 * F y =214.50N / mm 2OK!AISC unity check at padeye baseUC = ( f ti / 0.6F y ) + ( f ba / 0.66F y ) + ( f bb / 0.66F y )=0.37< 1.0OK!2123R CH 12 + [ 2 R CH ( CH + M 2 ) ] 2 + 2R M 1THK 31THK THK THK 22THK********。