ACCA考试会计必做习题解析(10)
ACCA考试答题实例展示
ACCA考试答题实例展示在ACCA考试答题实例展示中，我们将为大家展示一些ACCA考试中的实际答题情况。
通过这些实例，我们可以了解到ACCA考试的题型与要求，以及优秀的答题策略和技巧。
实例一：会计准则解读与应用财务会计是ACCA考试中的重要科目之一，涉及众多的会计准则。
在这个实例中，我们以国际财务报告准则（IFRS）为例，解读和应用其中的一个准则。
假设考题中给出了一个特定的业务场景，要求考生根据相关准则，进行会计处理和报告。
首先，我们需要对该准则进行解读。
在解读过程中，考生需要了解该准则的适用范围、目的、定义和要求等。
例如，如果是关于资产减值的准则，考生需要了解该准则的适用对象、资产减值计提的条件和计算方法等。
接下来，考生需要根据解读得出的结论，进行会计处理和报告。
这包括识别和计量相关会计要素，编制财务报表，并根据准则要求进行附注披露等。
同时，考生还需要考虑相关的核算处理和会计政策选择，确保所得出的会计处理和报告是符合准则要求的。
实例二：税务筹划与业务决策税务筹划和业务决策是ACCA考试中管理会计科目的一部分。
在这个实例中，我们以税收优惠政策和投资决策为例，展示考生在税务筹划和业务决策中的思考和分析过程。
假设考题中给出了一个企业的投资项目，要求考生评估该项目在税务优惠政策下的收益情况，并给出建议。
首先，考生需要了解该企业所处的税收环境和税收政策，包括适用的税率、税务优惠政策等。
然后，考生需要分析该投资项目在税务优惠政策下的税收影响，包括减税额、免税额等。
接下来，考生需要进行项目的财务评估，计算投资回报率、净现值等指标。
在计算过程中，考生需要将税务优惠政策下的税收影响考虑在内，得出更准确的投资评估结果。
最后，考生需要根据评估结果给出建议。
根据分析所得的数据和指标，考生可以判断该投资项目的可行性，并给出进一步的决策建议，例如推荐或不推荐投资，或者提出针对税务优惠政策的建议等。
通过以上两个实例，我们可以看到在ACCA考试中，考生需要掌握并应用相关的知识和技巧，对题目进行准确解读，并灵活运用所学的知识进行答题。
ACCA 考点解析 - 财务报表分析
ACCA 考点解析| 财务报表分析财务报表分析财务报表分析是F7的一个考点，F7考生不仅需要学会编报表，还要学会翻译报表。
大部分同学对编报表和计算指标没什么问题，但对翻译报表还是有些问题的。
一些考生在考试中只会解释指标是如何变化的，却不会去discuss指标变化的背后的原因。
这篇文章就是帮助考生去回答F7中财务报表分析的问题。
同学们首先要记到的一点就是一定要结合case来做答，在推测指标变化的原因时，一定要结合case所给的信息去寻找指标变化的原因。
比如说题目中有涉及到企业进行重估值，收购，处置固定资产等业务的，同学们在进行财务报表分析时都需要结合起来，因为这些都是会引起财务绩效指标变化的重要因素。
财务报表分析通常是从4个方面：profitability, liquidity, gearing和investment进行分析的。
下面小编将会从这四个方面解释F7中一些相关的指标并且解释这些指标的变动意味着什么。
Profitability (分析企业的盈利情况)ROCE=Profit before interest and tax/Equity+DebtROCE是首要的利润指标用来分析企业的盈利情况。
通常情况下，ROCE的升高被看作是一个好的迹象。
寻找引起ROCE的变动原因通常被分为两个方面：一个是profit margin,另一个是asset turnover。
因为ROCE=profit margin * asset turnover。
也就是说，ROCE的提高可能是因为企业更加盈利了（margin的提高），也可能是因为企业能够更加有效的使用资产了（asset turnover的提高）。
更深入的分析可以对Profit margin和Asset turnover指标进一步进行分析。
Profit marginsGross profit margin=Gross profit/Revenue由公式可看出，Gross profit margin变化的原因通常是由于销售价格，销量和成本变动所导致的。
ACCA考试财务会计(基础阶段)历年真题精选及详细解析1110-42
ACCA考试财务会计（基础阶段）历年真题精选及详细解析1110-42Please use the space provided on the inside cover of the Candidate Answer Booklet to indicate your chosen answer to each multiple choice question.1 Which of the following involves an offer which may only be accepted by performing an action?A、A collateral contractB、A unilateral contractC、A bilateral contract2 An agency relationship which is made retrospectively is referred to by which of the following terms?A、Agency by estoppelB、Agency by ratificationC、Agency by necessity3 In contract law, the ‘market price rule’ arises in relation to which of the following?A、OfferB 、ConsiderationC、RemotenessD、Mitigation4 In relation to a debenture, which of the following is NOT true?A 、It may be issued at a discountB、Interest on it may be paid from capitalC、It is paid after preference sharesD、It is freely transferable5 Tan writes to Yun stating that he will sell his car to him for ￡10,000. At the same time, Yun writes to Tan stating that he will buy his car for ￡10,000. Which of the following statements applies to this situation?A、There is a binding agreement due to the postal ruleB、There is a collateral contractC、There is neither an agreement nor a contract6 Which of the following statements about contracts of employment is true?A、They can be made either orally or in writingB、They must be made in writingC、They must be evidenced in writing7 Where directors make a false statement of solvency prior to a members’ voluntary liquidation, which of the following have they committed under the relevant legislation?A、A breach of criminal law with criminal penaltiesB、A breach of civil law with criminal penaltiesC、A breach of civil law with civil liabilityD、A breach of both civil and criminal law with liabilities under both8 Which of the following is the consequence when a patient signs a medical consent form before an operation?A、The patient gives up any right of action for any injury sufferedB 、Any action for any injury suffered during the operation is limited to negligenceC 、The level of any potential payment for any injury suffered is reduced9 Where a contract states the sum to be paid in the event of a breach of contract, the stated sum is known as which of the following?A、Unliquidated damagesB、Liquidated damagesC、Specific damagesD、Nominal damages10 Which of the following applies to the concept of enlightened shareholder value?A、It is the price shares can be expected to raise if they were to be soldB、It is the yardstick for assessing the performance of directors’dutiesC、It is the standard of behaviour expected of shareholders in general meetingsAnswer:1 、B2 、B3、D 4 、C 5 、C6、A7、A8 、B9、B10 、B。
ACCA考试真题分析
ACCA考试真题分析近年来，随着全球经济的不断发展和国际贸易的日益频繁，全球金融市场对于专业人才的需求也不断增加。
ACCA（Association of Chartered Certified Accountants）考试作为世界上最具影响力的财会专业考试之一，对于财会领域的从业者来说具有重要的意义。
本文将对ACCA考试的真题进行详细分析，并从题目类型、难度、备考方法等方面进行探讨。
一、题目类型分析ACCA考试一般包含两种题型，即选择题和案例题。
选择题主要测试考生对于财会专业知识的掌握程度，通常以单选题和多选题形式出现。
案例题则侧重考察考生的综合应用能力，要求考生能够结合实际情景进行分析和解决问题。
1. 单选题单选题是ACCA考试中最常见的题型之一。
这种题型通常由一个问题或情景描述以及四个选项组成。
考生需要在众多选项中选择正确的答案。
由于选项的设计巧妙，单选题往往需要考生对于知识点的深入理解和准确把握。
2. 多选题多选题是ACCA考试中稍微复杂一些的题型。
多选题与单选题的区别在于，考生需要选择多个正确答案。
这对于考生的理解和记忆能力提出了更高的要求。
同时，选项之间可能存在干扰和相似之处，考生需要仔细辨别并选择正确的答案。
3. 案例题ACCA考试中的案例题通常以大段的背景信息和相关数据为基础，要求考生在充分理解情境的基础上回答一系列问题。
这种题型不仅考察考生的专业知识，还要求考生具备分析和解决实际问题的能力。
案例题的复杂性要远高于选择题，需要考生按照问题要求进行全面综合分析。
二、难度分析ACCA考试的难度相对较高，需要考生拥有扎实的财会专业知识和综合应用能力。
根据往年的真题分析，ACCA考试的难度主要表现在以下几个方面：1. 知识覆盖面广ACCA考试的知识点涉及到财务、管理、审计和税务等多个领域，考生需要全面掌握。
而且，每个领域的知识都相对复杂深入，考生需要在准备考试的过程中深入学习和理解。
2. 题目复杂ACCA考试的题目往往不仅涉及一个领域的知识，还会涉及到多个领域的综合应用。
2023年ACCA考试真题精选
2023年ACCA考试真题精选第一题：财务会计假设您是一家制造业公司的财务经理。
您被要求准备财务报表，并解释公司2019年与2020年间发生的财务变化。
请根据以下数据和信息回答问题。
2019年数据：- 销售收入：500万美元- 销售成本：400万美元- 管理费用：50万美元- 借款利息：10万美元2020年数据：- 销售收入：600万美元- 销售成本：450万美元- 管理费用：55万美元- 借款利息：12万美元问题1：请计算2019年的净利润和净利润率，并与2020年进行比较。
解释净利润和净利润率的变化。
根据上述数据，2019年的净利润可通过以下公式计算：净利润=销售收入-销售成本-管理费用-借款利息净利润=500万美元-400万美元-50万美元-10万美元净利润=40万美元净利润率可通过以下公式计算：净利润率=(净利润/销售收入)×100%净利润率=(40万美元/500万美元)×100%净利润率=8%同样的方式，我们可以计算2020年的净利润和净利润率：净利润=600万美元-450万美元-55万美元-12万美元净利润=83万美元净利润率=(83万美元/600万美元)×100%净利润率=13.83%通过比较2019年和2020年的净利润和净利润率，我们可以得出以下结论：- 净利润从40万美元增加到83万美元。
这表明公司的盈利能力有所提高。
- 净利润率从8%增加到13.83%。
这说明公司在销售收入中的盈利比例增加了。
问题2：请根据净利润和净利润率的变化，分析公司在2019年与2020年间可能采取的经营策略。
根据净利润和净利润率的变化，我们可以推断公司可能采取了以下经营策略：1. 成本控制：销售成本从400万美元减少到450万美元，管理费用从50万美元增加到55万美元。
这表明公司在成本控制方面取得了一定的成效。
2. 销售增长：销售收入从500万美元增加到600万美元。
公司可能采取了一些措施，如市场拓展或产品创新，以增加销售额。
ACCA审计之友实训参考答案
ACCA审计之友实训参考答案1、57、无期限物权是指没有期限限制的物权，下列物权属于无期限物权的是（）[单选题] *A、抵押权B、所有权(正确答案)C、质权D、留置权2、53.《中国人民保险公司海洋货物运输保险条款》（2009版）规定海运货物保险的索赔时效为（）年, 自被保险货物全部卸离海轮起算。
[单选题] *A.2(正确答案)B. 3C. 4D. 53、10.[单选]垄断竞争企业为了实现利润最大化，遵循的决策原则是（）[单选题] *A.边际收益等于平均收益B.按照价格弹性进行的价格歧视C.边际收益等于边际成本(正确答案)D.主观需求大于实际需求4、11.[单选]资源配置实现最优的标准是（）。
[单选题] *A.经济总量和财政收入持续增长B.不存在帕累托改进的资源配置状态(正确答案)C.劳动生产率持续提高D.行业和区域经济协调增长5、9、利用会计报表提供的数据料，将两期或多期连续的相同指标或比率进行定基对比和环比对比，得出它们的増减变动方向数额和幅度，以揭示企业财务状况、经营成果和现金流量变化趋势的分析方法是A、比率分析法B、比例分析法C、趋势分析法(正确答案)D、走向分析法6、58、下列关于共同共有和按份共有的区别表述错误的是（）。
[单选题] *A、共同共有的成立以共同关系的存在为前提，按份共有则不需以共同关系的存在为前提B、共同共有的标的物通常为多数，按份共有的标的物一般是单一或少数C、共同共有人可随时请求分割共有物，而按份共有则不能(正确答案)D、共同共有人的权利及于共同共有物的全部，按份共有人以其应有部分享有所有权7、24、（）是用来分析企业资产的分布情况和周转使用情况，估量企业对资产的利用效率[单选题] *A、支付能力B、偿债能力C、营运能力(正确答案)D、盈利能力8、38.某企业拟购买一项新技术。
经调查，2年前类似技术交易转让价格为20万元。
经专家鉴定，该项新技术的技术经济性能修正系数为1.15,时间修正系数为1.1,技术寿命修正系数为1.2。
ACCA财务会计习题
一、 复习思考题1．按 2006 年新颁会计准则 ,会计核算有哪些前提？其作用是什么？2．财务会计对会计信息质量保证的要求有哪些？3．财务会计工作规范体系包括哪些内容？具体如何实施？二、 填空题1．财务会计的基本前提主要包括 。
2． 我国企业会计准则规定，企业的会计核算应当以 为记帐基础。
3． 会计提供信息要以为主要计量尺度。
4． 我国企业会计准则规定，在我国境内的企业应以 为记帐本位币5．会计要素的核算主要解决 _____ 等三方面的问题。
6． 反映财务状况的会计等式为 ；反映经营成果的会计 等式为 。
7．我国企业会计准则规定，企业应以 作为会计年度。
8．会计期间通常一年 ,称为 。
9． 会 计 等 式 揭 示 了 之 间 的 关 系， 它是 、 和 的理论依据。
10．企业会计制度根据企业生产经营活动的特点以及会计报表要素，将会计科 目分 为 、 、 、 与 五大类。
11.实际工作中，常用的帐务处理程序 、 、 、 与 __________五种。
我国会计人员惯用的是 和两种。
12.一项信息是否有相关性取决的因素包括 、。
13.收益性支出在会计处理上计入 要素项目，而资本性支出计入要素项目。
三、 单选题1．会计主体与法律主体一般是( )①两个不相关的概念 ②两个不能相互代替的概念③一致的 ④有区别的2．会计核算进行分期的主要目的是( )有①贯彻权责发生制③贯彻一致性原则②分阶段确定经营成果④贯彻谨慎性原则3．会计机构、会计人员对本单位实行会计监督所应负的责任是( )①行政责任②本职工作责任③对厂长负责④法律责任4．我国企业会计准则、具体会计准则是由( )负责制定①企业主管部门②财政部门③国务院④企业自身5．某企业的存货计价前年采用先进先出法，去年改用移动加权平均法，今年又改用加权平均法。
该企业的做法主要违背了( )原则①客观性②谨慎性③可比性④配比原则复习思考题1．企业使用现金的范围是如何规定的，企业应如何加强对现金的控制管理？2 ．目前我国银行的结算方式有哪几种，哪些适合同城交易结算，哪些适合异地交易结算？3．什么是其他货币资金，会计报表中如何列示？？〖根据下列业务编制会计分录〗1．开出现金支票一张提取现金 2389 元。
Intermediate Accounting Chapter10 课后习题答案
Chapter 10 Property, Plant, and Equipment and Intangible Assets: Acquisition and Disposition QUESTIONS FOR REVIEW OF KEY TOPICSQuestion 10-1The difference between tangible and intangible long-lived, revenue-producing assets is that intangible assets lack physical substance and they primarily refer to the ownership of rights. Question 10-2The cost of property, plant, and equipment and intangible assets includes the purchase price (less any discounts received from the seller), transportation costs paid by the buyer to transport the asset to the location in which it will be used, expenditures for installation, testing, legal fees to establish title, and any other costs of bringing the asset to its condition and location for use. Question 10-3The cost of a developed natural resource includes the acquisition costs for the use of land, the exploration and development costs incurred before production begins, and the restoration costs incurred during or at the end of extraction.Question 10-4Purchased intangibles are valued at their original cost to include the purchase price and all other necessary costs to bring the asset to condition and location for use. Research and development costs incurred to internally develop an intangible asset are expensed in the period incurred. Filing and legal costs for both purchased and developed intangibles are capitalized.Question 10-5Goodwill represents the unique value of the company as a whole over and above all identifiable tangible and intangible assets. This value results from a company’s clientele and reputation, its trained employees and management team, its unique business location, and any other unique features of the company that can’t be associated with a specific asset.Because goodwill can’t b e separated from a company, it is not possible for a buyer to acquire it without also acquiring the whole company or a substantial portion of it. Goodwill will appear as an asset in a balance sheet only when it was paid for in connection with the acquisition of another company. The capitalized cost of goodwill equals the purchase price of the acquired company less the fair value of the net assets acquired. The fair value of the net assets equals the fair value of all identifiable tangible and intangible assets less the fair value of any liabilities of the selling company assumed by the buyer.Answers to Questions (continued)Question 10-6A lump-sum purchase price generally is allocated based on the relative fair values of the individual assets. The relative fair value percentages are multiplied by the lump-sum purchase price to arrive at the initial valuation of each of the separate assets.Question 10-7Assets acquired in exchange for deferred payment contracts are valued at their fair value or the present value of payments using a realistic interest rate. Theoretically, both alternatives should lead to the same valuation.Question 10-8Assets acquired through the issuance of equity securities are valued at the fair value of the securities if known; if not known, the fair value of the assets received is used.Question 10-9Donated assets are valued at their fair values.Question 10-10When an item of property, plant, and equipment is sold, a gain or loss is recognized for the difference betwee n the consideration received and the asset’s book value. Retirements and abandonments are handled in a similar fashion. The only difference is that there will be no monetary consideration received. A loss is recorded for the remaining book value of the asset.Question 10-11The basic principle used to value assets acquired in a nonmonetary exchange is to use the fair value of asset(s) given up plus (minus) monetary consideration - cash - paid (received).Question 10-12The two exceptions are (1) when fair value is not determinable and (2) when the exchange lacks commercial substance.Question 10-13GAAP require the capitalization of interest incurred during the construction of assets for a company’s own use as well as for assets constructed for sale or lease. Assets qualifying for capitalization exclude inventories that are routinely manufactured in large quantities on a repetitive basis and assets that are in use or ready for their intended purpose. Only assets that are constructed as discrete projects qualify for interest capitalization.Answers to Questions (continued)Question 10-14Average accumulated expenditures for a period is an approximation of the average amount of debt the company would have had outstanding if it borrowed all of the funds necessary for construction. If construction expenditures are incurred equally throughout the period, the average accumulated expenditures for the period can be estimated by adding the accumulated expenditures at the beginning of the period to the accumulated expenditures at the end of the period and dividing by two. If expenditures on the project are unequal throughout the period, individual expenditures, perhaps expenditures grouped by month, should be weighted by the amount of time outstanding until the end of the construction period or the end of the company’s fiscal year, whichever comes first. Question 10-15Applying the specific interest method, the interest rate on any construction related debt is used up to the amount of the construction debt and any excess average accumulated expenditures is multiplied by a weighted-average interest rate of all other debt. The weighted-average method multiplies average accumulated expenditures by the weighted-average interest rate of all debt, including any construction-related debt.Question 10-16GAAP defines research and development as follows:Research is planned search or critical investigation aimed at discovery of new knowledge with the hope that such knowledge will be useful in developing a new product or service or a new process or technique or in bringing about a significant improvement to an existing product or process.Development is the translation of research findings or other knowledge into a plan or design for a new product or process or for a significant improvement to an existing product or process whether intended for sale or use.Question 10-17GAAP specifically excludes from current R&D expense the cost of property, plant, and equipment and intangible assets that have “alternative future uses” beyond the current R&D project. However, the depreciation or amortization of these assets will be included as R&D expenses in the future periods the assets are used for R&D activities. If the asset has no alternative future use, its cost is expensed as R&D immediately.Question 10-18GAAP requires the capitalization of software development costs incurred after technological feasibility is established. Technological feasibility is established “when the enterprise has completed all planning, designing, coding, and testing activities that are necessary to establish that the product can be produced to meet its design specifications including functions, features, and technical performance requirements.” Costs incurred after technological feasibility but before the product is available for general release to customers are capitalized as an intangible asset. These costs include coding and testing costs and the production of product masters. Costs incurred after commercial production begins usually are not R&D expenditures.Answers to Questions (concluded)Question 10-19The cost of developed technology is capitalized and expensed over its expected useful life. Developed technology relates to those projects that have reached technological feasibility. Before 2009, the cost of in-process R&D was expensed in the period of the acquisition. Now, the cost of in-process R&D is capitalized and treated as an indefinite life intangible asset and not amortized. If the R&D project is completed successfully, we switch to the way we account for developed technology and amortize the capitalized amount over the estimated period the product or process developed will provide benefits. If the project instead is abandoned, we expense the entire balance immediately. Research and development costs incurred after the acquisition to complete the project are expensed as incurred, consistent with the treatment of any other R&D not acquired in an acquisition. Question 10-20Other than software development costs incurred after technological feasibility has been established, U.S. GAAP requires all research and development expenditures to be expensed in the period incurred. IAS No. 38draws a distinction between research activities and development activities. Research expenditures are expensed in the period incurred. However, development expenditures that meet specified criteria are capitalized as an intangible asset.Question 10-21The periodic amortization percentage for capitalized computer software development costs under U.S. GAAP is the greater of (1) the ratio of current revenues to current and anticipated revenues or (2) the straight-line percentage over the useful life of the software. This approach is allowed under IFRS, but not required.Question 10-22The successful efforts method allows companies to capitalize only exploration costs resulting in successful wells. The full-cost method allows companies to capitalize all exploration costs incurred within a geographical area.BRIEF EXERCISESBrief Exercise 10-1Capitalized cost of the machine:Purchase price $35,000Freight 1,500Installation 3,000Testing 2,000Total cost $41,500Note: Personal property taxes on the machine for the period after acquisition are not part of acquisition cost. They are expensed in the period incurred.Brief Exercise 10-2Capitalized cost of land:Purchase price $600,000Broker’s commission30,000Title insurance 3,000Miscellaneous closing costs 6,000Demolition of old building 18,000Total cost $657,000All of the expenditures, including the costs to demolish the old building, are included in the initial cost of the land.Brief Exercise 10-3Cost of land and building:Purchase price $600,000Broker’s commission30,000Title insurance 3,000Miscellaneous closing costs 6,000Total cost $639,000The total must be allocated to the land and building based on their relative fair values:Brief Exercise 10-4Cost of silver mine:Acquisition, exploration, and development $5,600,000Restoration costs 429,675 †$6,029,675† $500,000 x 20% = $100,000550,000 x 45% = 247,500650,000 x 35% = 227,500$575,000 x .74726* = $429,675*Present value of $1, n = 5, i = 6% (from Table 2)Brief Exercise 10-5After one year, the liability will increase to $455,456.($429,675† + ($429,675 x 6%) = $455,456)† $500,000 x 20% = $100,000550,000 x 45% = 247,500650,000 x 35% = 227,500$575,000 x .74726* = $429,675*Present value of $1, n = 5, i = 6% (from Table 2)Actual restoration costs $596,000Less: Asset retirement liability (575,000)Loss on retirement $ (21,000)Brief Exercise 10-6Calculation of goodwill:Consideration exchanged $14,000,000 Less fair value of net assets:Book value of assets $8,300,000Plus: Excess of fair value over book valueof intangible assets 2,500,000 (10,800,000) Goodwill $ 3,200,000Brief Exercise 10-7The initial value of machinery and note will be the present value of the note payment:PV = $60,000 (.85734* ) = $51,440*P resent value of $1: n = 2, i = 8% (from Table 2)Interest expense for July 1 to December 31, 2011:$51,440 x 8% x 6/12= $2,058Brief Exercise 10-8The cost of the patent equals the fair value of the stock given in exchange: 50,000 x $22 = $1,100,000Brief Exercise 10-9Average PP&E for 2011 = ($740,000 + 940,000) ÷ 2 = $840,000Net sales ÷ Average PP&E = Fixed-asset turnover ratio? ÷ $840,000 = 3.25Average PP&E x Fixed-asset turnover ratio = Net sales$840,000 x 3.25 = $2,730,000Brief Exercise 10-10Proceeds $16,000Less book value: $80,000(71,000) 9,000Gain on sale of equipment $ 7,000Journal entry (not required):Cash ................................................................................ 16,000Accumulated depreciation (account balance) .................... 71,000Gain (difference) ........................................................... 7,000 Equipment(account balance).......................................... 80,000Brief Exercise 10-11Pickup trucks = Fair value of machinery plus cash paid$17,000 + 8,000 = $25,000Loss on exchange = $20,000 (book value) – 17,000 (fair value) = $3,000 Journal entry (not required):Pickup trucks (determined above) ..................................... 25,000Accumulated depreciation (account balance) .................... 45,000Loss (difference)................................................................ 3,000Cash ........................................................................... 8,000 Machinery(account balance).......................................... 65,000 Brief Exercise 10-12Pickup trucks = Fair value of machinery plus cash paid$24,000 + 8,000 = $32,000Gain on exchange = $24,000 (fair value) – 20,000 (book value ) = $4,000 Journal entry (not required):Pickup trucks (determined above) ..................................... 32,000Accumulated depreciation (account balance) .................... 45,000Cash ........................................................................... 8,000 Gain (difference) ........................................................... 4,000 Machinery(account balance).......................................... 65,000Brief Exercise 10-13Pickup trucks = Book value of machinery plus cash paid$20,000 + 8,000 = $28,000No gain is recognized in this situation.Journal entry (not required):Pickup trucks (determined above) ..................................... 28,000Accumulated depreciation (account balance) .................... 45,000Cash ........................................................................... 8,000 Machinery(account balance).......................................... 65,000Brief Exercise 10-14Average accumulated expenditures:January 1$500,000 x 12/12 = $ 500,000March 31 600,000 x 9/12 = 450,000June 30400,000 x 6/12 = 200,000 October 30 600,000 x 2/12 = 100,000$1,250,000 Interest capitalized:$1,250,000- 700,000 x 7% = $49,000$ 550,000 x 6.75%* = 37,125$ 86,125 = interest capitalized * Weighted-average rate of all other debt:$3,000,000 x 8% = $240,0005,000,000 x 6% = 300,000$8,000,000 $540,000$540,000= 6.75% weighted average$8,000,000Brief Exercise 10-15Average accumulated expenditures:January 1, 2011 $500,000 x 12/12 = $ 500,000March 31, 2011 600,000 x 9/12 = 450,000June 30, 2011 400,000 x 6/12 = 200,000October 30, 2011 600,000 x 2/12 = 100,000$1,250,000Interest capitalized:$1,250,000 x 6.77%* = $84,625* Weighted-average rate of all other debt:$ 700,000 x 7% = $ 49,0003,000,000 x 8% = 240,0005,000,000 x 6% = 300,000$8,700,000 $589,000$589,000= 6.77% weighted average$8,700,000Brief Exercise 10-16Research and development:Salaries $220,000Depreciation on R & D facilities and equipment 125,000Utilities and other direct costs 66,000Payment to another company 120,000Total R & D expense $531,000 Note: The patent filing and related legal costs and the costs of adapting the product to a particular customer’s needs are not included as research and development expense.EXERCISESExercise 10-1Capitalized cost of land:Purchase price $60,000Demolition of old building $4,000Less: Sale of materials (2,000) 2,000Legal fees for title investigation 2,000Total cost of land $64,000Capitalized cost of building:Construction costs $500,000Architect's fees 12,000Interest on construction loan 5,000Total cost of building $517,000Note: Property taxes on the land for the period after acquisition are not part ofacquisition cost. They are expensed in the period incurred.Exercise 10-2To record the purchase of a machine.To record prepaid insurance for the machine.Exercise 10-3Requirement 1Cost of land and building:Purchase price $4,000,000Title search and insurance 16,000Legal fees 5,000State transfer fees 4,000Total cost $4,025,000Note: The pro-rated property taxes for the period after acquisition are not included in the initial valuation of the land and building. They arerecorded instead as prepaid taxes and expensed over the related period.The total is allocated to the land and building based on their relative fair values:Assets:Land $3,018,750Building 1,006,250Land improvements:Parking lot 82,000Landscaping 40,000Exercise 10-3 (concluded)Requirement 2Cost of land:Purchase price $4,000,000Title search and insurance 16,000Legal fees 5,000State transfer fees 4,000Demolition of old building $250,000Less: Sale of materials (6,000) 244,000 Clearing and grading costs 86,000 Total cost of land $4,355,000 Land improvements:Parking lot 82,000 Landscaping 40,000Exercise 10-4Requirement 1Cost of copper mine:Mining site $1,000,000Development costs 600,000Restoration costs 303,939 †$1,903,939† $300,000 x 25% = $ 75,000400,000 x 40% = 160,000600,000 x 35% = 210,000$445,000 x .68301* = $303,939*Present value of $1, n = 4, i = 10% (from Table 2) Requirement 2Exercise 10-6Calculation of goodwill:Consideration exchanged $17,000,000 Less fair value of net assets:Assets $23,000,000Less: Liabilities assumed (9,500,000) (13,500,000) Goodwill $ 3,500,000 Exercise 10-7Calculation of goodwill:Consideration exchanged $11,000,000 Less fair value of net assets:Book value of net assets $7,800,000Plus: Fair value in excess of book value:Property, plant, and equipment 1,400,000Intangible assets 1,000,000Less: Book value in excess of fair value:Receivables (200,000) 10,000,000 Goodwill $ 1,000,000Exercise 10-8Exercise 10-9Requirement 1† Present value of note payment:PV = $25,000 (.75131* ) = $18,783*P resent value of $1: n = 3, i = 10% (from Table 2) Requirement 22011: Interest expense ($18,783 x 10%) = $1,878 2012: Interest expense [($18,783 + 1,878) x 10%] = 2,066 Requirement 32011: $25,000 – ($6,217 – 1,878) = $20,6612012: $25,000 – ($6,217 – 1,878 – 2,066) = 22,727Exercise 10-10Land:Purchase price $1,200,000Demolition and removal of old building 80,000Clearing and grading 150,000Closing costs 42,000 Total cost of land $1,472,000 Building:Architect’s fees$ 50,000Construction costs 3,250,000 Total cost of building $3,300,000 Machinery:Purchase price $860,000Freight charges 32,000Special platforms and wire installation 12,000Cost of trial runs 7,000 Total cost of machinery $911,000 Land improvements:Landscaping $45,000Sprinkler system 5,000 Fork lifts:PV = $16,000 + 70,000 (.93458* ) = $81,421 *P resent value of $1: n = 1, i = 7% (from Table 2)Prepaid insurance:$24,000Exercise 10-11To record the acquisition of land in exchange for common stock.To record the acquisition of a building through purchase and donation.Exercise 10-12Requirement 1($ in millions)Average PP&E for 2009 = ($4,043 + 4,151) ÷ 2 = $4,097Net sales ÷ Average PP&E = Fixed-asset turnover ratio$36,117 ÷ $4,097 = 8.82Requirement 2The fixed-asset turnover ratio indicates the level of sales generated by the company’s investment in fixed assets.Cisco is able to generate $8.82 in sales for every $1 invested in property, plant, and equipment.Exercise 10-13 Requirement 1Requirement 2Exercise 10-14Exercise 10-15Exercise 10-16Requirement 1Fair value of land + Cash given = F air value of equipment$150,000 + 10,000 = $160,000Requirement 2Exercise 10-17Requirement 1Fair value of land - Cash received = F air value of equipment $150,000 - 10,000 = $140,000Requirement 2Exercise 10-18Requirement 1Fair value of old land + Cash given = F air value of new land $72,000 + 14,000 = $86,000Requirement 2Requirement 3Exercise 10-191.To record the purchase of equipment on account.2.To record the acquisition of equipment in exchange for a note.PV = $27,000 (.90909* ) = $24,545*P resent value of $1: n=1, i=10% (from Table 2)3. To record the exchange of old equipment for new equipment.4. To record the acquisition of equipment by the issuance of stock.Exercise 10-20Requirement 1The Codification topic number for nonmonetary transactions is FASB ASC 845: “Nonmonetary Transactions.”Requirement 2The specific citations that describe the required disclosures for nonmonetary transactions are FASB ASC 845–10–50–1 to 2: “Nonmonetary Transactions–Overall–Disclosure.”Requirement 3An entity that engages in one or more nonmonetary transactions during a period shall disclose in financial statements for the period all of the following:a.The nature of the transactionsb.The basis of accounting for the assets transferredc.Gains or losses recognized on transfers.In accordance with paragraph 845-10-50-1, entities shall disclose, in each period's financial statements, the amount of gross operating revenue recognized as a result of nonmonetary transactions.Exercise 10-21The FASB Accounting Standards Codification represents the single source of authoritative U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. The specific citation for each of the following items is:1.The disclosure requirements in the notes to the financial statements fordepreciation on property, plant, and equipment:FASB ASC 360–10–50–1: “Property, Plant, and Equipment–Overall–Disclosure.”Because of the significant effects on financial position and results of operations of the depreciation method or methods used, all of the following disclosures shall be made in the financial statements or in notes thereto:a. Depreciation expense for the periodb. Balances of major classes of depreciable assets, by nature or function, at the balance sheet datec. Accumulated depreciation, either by major classes of depreciable assets or in total, at the balance sheet dated. A general description of the method or methods used in computing depreciation with respect to major classes of depreciable assets.Exercise 10-21 (continued)2.The criteria for determining commercial substance in a nonmonetaryexchange:FASB ASC 845–10–30–4: “Nonmonetary Transactions–Overall–Initial Measurement.”A nonmonetary exchange has commercial substance if the entity's future cashflows are expected to significantly change as a result of the exchange. The entity's future cash flows are expected to significantly change if either of the following criteria is met:a. The configuration (risk, timing, and amount) of the future cash flows of theasset(s) received differs significantly from the configuration of the future cash flows of the asset(s) transferred. The configuration of future cash flows iscomposed of the risk, timing, and amount of the cash flows. A change in any one of those elements would be a change in configuration.b. The entity-specific value of the asset(s) received differs from the entity-specific value of the asset(s) transferred, and the difference is significant inrelation to the fair values of the assets exchanged. An entity-specific value(referred to as an entity-specific measurement in FASB Concepts Statement No. 7, Using Cash Flow Information and Present Value in Accounting Measurements) is different from a fair value measurement. As described in paragraph 24(b) ofConcepts Statement No. 7, an entity-specific value attempts to capture the value of an asset or liability in the context of a particular entity. For example, an entity computing an entity-specific value of an asset would use its expectations about its use of that asset rather than the use assumed by marketplace participants. If it is determined that the transaction has commercial substance, the exchange would be measured at fair value, rather than at the entity-specific value.A qualitative assessment will, in some cases, be conclusive in determining that theestimated cash flows of the entity are expected to significantly change as a result of the exchange.Exercise 10-21 (continued)3.The disclosure requirements for interest capitalization:FASB ASC 835–20–50–1: “Interest Capitalization–Overall–Disclosure.”An entity shall disclose the following information with respect to interest cost in the financial statements or related notes:a. For an accounting period in which no interest cost is capitalized, the amount ofinterest cost incurred and charged to expense during the periodb. For an accounting period in which some interest cost is capitalized, the totalamount of interest cost incurred during the period and the amount thereof that has been capitalized.Exercise 10-21 (concluded)4.The elements of costs to be included as R&D activities:FASB ASC 730–10–25–2: “Research & Development–Overall–Recognition.”Elements of costs shall be identified with research and development activities as follows:a. Materials, equipment, and facilities. The costs of materials (whether from the entity'snormal inventory or acquired specially for research and development activities) andequipment or facilities that are acquired or constructed for research and development activities and that have alternative future uses (in research and development projects or otherwise) shall be capitalized as tangible assets when acquired or constructed. The cost of such materials consumed in research and development activities and the depreciation of such equipment or facilities used in those activities are research and development costs.However, the costs of materials, equipment, or facilities that are acquired or constructed for a particular research and development project and that have no alternative future uses (in other research and development projects or otherwise) and therefore no separateeconomic values are research and development costs at the time the costs are incurred.b. Personnel. Salaries, wages, and other related costs of personnel engaged in researchand development activities shall be included in research and development costs.c. Intangible assets purchased from others. The costs of intangible assets that arepurchased from others for use in research and development activities and that havealternative future uses (in research and development projects or otherwise) shall beaccounted for in accordance with Topic 350. The amortization of those intangible assets used in research and development activities is a research and development cost. However, the costs of intangibles that are purchased from others for a particular research anddevelopment project and that have no alternative future uses (in other research anddevelopment projects or otherwise) and therefore no separate economic values areresearch and development costs at the time the costs are incurred.d. Contract services. The costs of services performed by others in connection with theresearch and development activities of an entity, including research and development conducted by others in behalf of the entity, shall be included in research and development costs.e. Indirect costs. Research and development costs shall include a reasonable allocation ofindirect costs. However, general and administrative costs that are not clearly related to research and development activities shall not be included as research and development costs.。
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ACCA考试会计必做习题解析（10）
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When it was announced that R&M had won the contract to build the Giant Dam Project，some of its institutional shareholders contacted Richard Markovnikoff，the chairman. They wanted reassurance that the company had fully taken the environmental issues and other risks into account. One fund manager asked if Mr Markovnikoff could explain the sustainability implications of the project to assess whether R&M shares were still suitable for his environmentally sensitive clients. Mr Markovnikoff said，through the company‘s investor relations department，that he intended to give a statement at the next annual general meeting (AGM) that he hoped would address these environmental concerns. He would also，he said，make a statement on the importance of confidentiality in the financing of the early stage working capital needs.
(a) Any large project such as the Giant Dam Project has a number of stakeholders.
Required：
(i) Define the terms ‘stakeholder’ and ‘stakeholder claim’，and identify from the case FOUR of R&M’s external stakeholders as it carries out the Giant Dam Project; (6 marks)
(ii) Describe the claim of each of the four identified stakeholders. (4 marks)
(b) Describe a framework to assess the risks to the progress of the Giant Dam Project. Your answer should include a diagram to represent the framework. (6 marks)
(c) Using information from the case，assess THREE risks to the Giant Dam Project. (9 marks)
(d) Prepare the statement for Mr Markovnikoff to read out at the AGM. The statement you construct should contain the following.
(i) A definition and brief explanation of ‘sustainable development’; (3 marks)
(ii) An evaluation of the environmental and sustainability implications of the Giant Dam Project; (8 marks)
(iii) A statement on the importance of confidentiality in the financing of the early stage working capital needs and an explanation of how this conflicts with the duty of transparency in matters of corporate governance. (6 marks)
Professional marks for layout，logical flow and persuasiveness of the statement. (4 marks)
(e) Internal controls are very important in a complex civil engineering project such as the Giant Dam Project.
Required：
Describe the difficulties of maintaining sound internal controls in the Giant Dam Project created by working through sub-contractors. (4 marks)
(50 marks)
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