专业英语作业
第一学期英文专业作业
第一学期英语作业U 11）Youmg as she is. Mary is very good at handling diffcult customers.2）After explaining his plan in great detail,Bob Suimmarized its main points in a few sentences 3)The newly-elected govermment has begun the painful process of working out its policies and strategies4）At first,Tom found it difficult to absorb what his teachers said in class.5) You will be are boyund to fail the exam if you don't do any rowiston(复习）6) Please feel free to call on us whenever you like,7)There are jobs more dangerous than truck driving,forinstance,training lions. (8)the marketing department is working on new strategies to improve the company's share of the market9)Many of the students Complained that the exam was too hard.,10)After reading the text three times,the clever boy has committed it to memory11)The doctor insisted that everything would be alright.Nevertheless I canmot help feeling anxious about the safety of the child12)Nowadays we rely more and more on computers to help us in doing everything13)Apart form being fun and good exercise,swimming is a very useful skill.14)Afer spending a year in Australia, the little girl has gained quite a good Command of spoken English3. Complete the following sentences,using the words in brackets(括号）：1)I have warmed you over and over again to keep away from drugs.(over)2)If you try to leam toomany things at atime,you may getsonfused.(time)3）We won't know ifthe plan will work untilwe put it intoprctice(practice)4)You can't learmEnglish well withoutwatching out for diomaticways of saying things.5）Peter has tried manythings with no particularsuccess,but he is bu nomeans an incapableperson (means)6)Can you turn themusic down,please?Ican't concentrate on mywork.(concentrate)7)In adlition toteaching at theuniversity,ProfessorWilson also works as alegal adviser（法律顾问）to a high-techcompany.(addition)8)If you come to myoffice,I'l tell you the storyin latai l (detail)我坚信，阅读简写的英文小说是扩大我们词汇量的一种轻松愉快的方法。
专业英语作业
1、A VPN is physically public but virtually private2、Set is a secure protocol jointly designed by Mastercard and Visa with the backing of Microsoft, Netscape, IBM, GTE, SAIC, and other companies.3、 The physical components of a computer are collectively called hardware4、The term payment card refers to Credit card 、Charge card5、The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence,are being developed and perfected now.6、In the future, we may eliminate the needs for physical money.Indeed ,we would exchange digital cash For goods and services.7、The basic input device on a small computer is a keyboard8、You must have seen her in her office last Friday; she's been out of town for two weeks.9、The ability to store knowledge makes computers different from every other machine ever invented.10、The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence,are being developed and perfected now.11、DigiCash or E-cash is an electronic payment system developed by Dr.David Chaum, who is widely regarded as an inventor of digital cash.12、Transaction changed to your telephone bill are called E-charge payments13、Smart cards are cards that look like credit cards, but store information on a microprocessor chip instead of magnetic strips.14、 is a free service that earns a profit on the transaction cost, which is money that is deposited in PayPal accounts15、This ticket entitles you to a free meal in our new restaurant16、Program that can destroy another computer’s programs are called viruses17、Data and program instructions are stored in storage18、Electronic wallets that store digital certificates are particularyly handy when you shop at a site that requests user authentication information.19、The percentage of times an ad is clicked on based on the number of times it’s viewed is called CTR20、The purpose of input device is to enter commands .、to input data2. Please translate the following into English.计算机不止桌面电脑和笔记本电脑。
专业英语作业
3.2Mandibulates:Crustaceans
The crustaceans（subphylum Crustacea,with a single class)are a large, diverse group of primarily aquatic organisms, including some 35000 species of crabs, shrimps, lobsters, crayfish, barancles, water fleas, pillbugs,and related groups. Often incredibly abundant in marine and freshwater habitats and playing a role of critical importance in virtually all aquatic ecosystems,crustaceans have been called “the insects of the water”.
scorpions are probably the most ancient group of terrestrial arthropods. They are known from as early as the silurian period,some 425 million years ago. There are about 35,000 named species of spiders ( order Araneae ). The order Acarai, the mites,is the largest in terms of number of species and the most diverse of the arachnids.
英语作业-专业介绍
——Liu Qinsheng
Outline
part one part two part three
My major What is it? prospects
part one
My major
My major is geotechnical engineering The direction of the research of my mentor is: deep topsoil freezing method sinking technology .So my direction of the research will be one branche of the reserch in the next three years
②The Secend One: Slope and foundation pit engineering:
key research foundation pit excavation on nearby existing buildings and environment, and the foundation pit supporting structure design and the method of calculation theory, the slope stability analysis theory. When constructors excavate deep foundation ,it’s very easy to lead to collapse without supporting structure .
Thanke you
This contains that the underground space development and utilization in the process of various environmental geotechnical engineering problem, and the underground space resource rtegy .
英语专业作业
UNIT NINE 911 SHOCK T HE WORLD（911震惊世界）Lesson 1 Another Pearl Harbor (又一珍珠港事件)I. Learn the following ten expressions and fill them in the sentences while listening.A. biography [♌♋♓♈❒☜♐♓] n.. 传记B. rubble [ ❒✈♌●] n. 碎石, 乱石C. fatality [♐☜♦✌●♓♦♓] n.不幸, 灾祸D. aftermath [ ♐♦☜❍✌] n.结果, 后果E. casualt ies[ ✌✞◆☜●♦♓] n.人员伤亡F. debris [ ♎♏♌❒♓ ♎♏♓♌] n碎片, 残骸H. caution s [ ☞☜⏹] vt.警告J. preliminary [☐❒♓●♓❍♓⏹☜❒♓] a.预备的, 初步的1. He came to Washington's George Washington University hospital to __________ blood.2. And hospital officials thanked the __________historian and told him the donation would not be needed at this time.3. Mr. McCullough also __________ against reacting with blame against the law enforcement and intelligence community.4. His latest book is a __________ of founding father John Adams.5. Pentagon officials say their __________ count of the number of people killed in Tuesday's terrorist attack on the defense department is 190.6. That estimate comes as recovery teams continue to remove bodies from the __________.7. Both the army and navy suffered dozens of __________ while the air force and marine corps report no deaths among their personnel.8. The highest-ranking __________ is understood to be a three-star army general.9. Recovery crews are still in the process of removing bodies from the __________.10. Meanwhile, authorities have reopened a portion of the Pentagon closed in the __________ of the terrorist attack.II. Listen to PASSAGE ONE and choose the best answer to each question.1-1. Historian Compares Terror Attacks to Pearl Harbor1. To whom the historian’s viewp oint on the attacks provides?A. John Adams.B. Two victims.C. David McCullough.D. Greg Flakus2. Where were two victims being treated?A. In Pentagon.B. Outside the hospitalC. In George Washington University Hospital.D. In Washington University.3. What tragedy did Mr. McCullough compare to Pearl Harbor Attack?A. Hawaii tragedy in 1941.B. The bombing of the federal building in 1995.C. The atom bombing in Japan in 1945.D. The Tuesday’s attacks.4. What did the 69-year-old man emphasize?A. Taking a reaction to these acts of terrorism.B. Avoiding a reaction to these acts of terrorism.C. Changing the very nature of the democratic system.D. Writing a biography of John Adams.5. What is not true to David McCullough?A. He is a historian.B. He is a Pulitzer Prize winning author.C. He donated blood needed at this time.D. He has written a book about John Adams.III. Listen to PASSAGE TWO and tick T or F for each statement.1-2. Preliminary Number of People Killed at Pentagon Stands at 1901. 126 people died. They were military and civilian Pentagon staff.2. 64 people died aboard the hijacked plane.3. The process of removing bodies was suspended because of receiving a bomb threat.4. The bomb was located at the gate of the building.5. After two hours the work crews were allowed back home.IV. Listen to PASSAGE THREE and fill in the blanks.1-3. Eyewitnesses Describe Pentagon AttackThe crash of a passenger jet into the Pentagon was witnessed by many people in a nearby U.S. military building.Workers in the Naval Annex building, which (1) __________from the Pentagon, (2) __________ by the roar of the jet's engines as it (3) __________ on its approach to the Pentagon. One man says the aircraft was flying so low that it (4) __________ on a nearby highway.After roaring past the Naval Annex, the aircraft(5) __________ the south side of the Pentagon, erupting into a massive fireball and (6) __________ into the sky. One eyewitness says the plane's impact (7) __________ in the Pentagon very close to the building's heliport control tower.Several eyewitnesses say the plane (8) __________ of the Pentagon that was recently renovated. None of the eyewitnesses could tell VOA how many people (9) __________ in that section of the building Tuesday.In the aftermath of the attack, the scene (10) __________ as controlled chaos, with police, fire trucks and ambulances streaming towards the Pentagon, while thousands of civilians and non-essential military personnel (11) __________ the other way.Authorities have (12) __________ a tight security cordon on the roads approaching the south side of the Pentagon and at least one F-16 fighter jet (13) __________ around the area for nearly an hour.V. Homework:1-4. Terrorists Attack US Military Symbol1. Learn the ten expressions chosen from PASSAGE FOUR.(1) complex [ ❍☐●♏♦] n. 联合体(2) headquarter [ ♒♏♎♦♦☜] n.司令部, 指挥部, 总部(3) tarnish [ ♦⏹♓☞] v. 失去光泽(4) civilian [♦♓♓●☜⏹] adj. 民间的, 民用的(5) evacuate [♓✌◆♏♓♦] v.疏散, 撤出; 排泄(6) alert [☜●☜♦] n.警惕, 警报(7) eyewitness [ ♋✋♦✋♦⏹✋♦] n.目击者, 见证人(8) billow [ ♌♓●☜◆] v. 翻腾，翻滚(9) airborne [ ☪☜♌⏹] adj.空降的，空运的(10) virtually [ ♦☺☜●✋] adv.事实上, 实质上2. Listen to PASSAGE FOUR and answer the following questions.(1) What could the Pentagon symbolize?(2) How many military and civilian workers at Pentagon were safe?(3) What plane was it that struck the Pentagon?.(4) When would the building reopen?.(5) What place does the Pentagon locate close to?。
专业英语翻译作业
专业英语翻译作业Water is usually considered as being a compound of two elements.（我们）通常认为水是由两种元素组成的化合物Produced by electrons are the x-ray, which allow the doctor to took aside a patient’s body.x射线是由电子产生的,它能让医生看到病人的身体It is said that all matters is made up of atoms.（主语从句）据说，所有的物质都是由原子组成的。
Ancient people believed it to be true that the sun turned around the earth.（宾语从句）古代的人们相信太阳围绕地球旋转是千真万确的。
Why don’t we fall off the earth? The answer is t hat gravity keep s us from falling off.（表语）我们为什么不会从地球上掉下来？答案是因为有地球引力。
We are all familiar with the fact that nothing in nature will either start or stop moving of itself.（同位语）我们都熟悉这样一个事实：自然界中没有一个物体会自发开始运动或自发停止运动。
Fluids comprise both liquids and gases, the most common examples of which are water and air.（定语）流体包括液体和气体，最常见的例子是水和空气The body must dissipate heat as fast as it produces it.（状语）人体散发热量必须和产生热量一样快Up to the present time, throughout the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, this new tendency placed the home in the immediate suburbs, but concentrated manufacturing activity, business relations, government, and pleasure in the centers of the cities.经历了18和19两个世纪直至今日，这种新的趋势是（人们）把住宅安排在城市的近郊，但把生产活动、商业往来、政府部门以及娱乐场所都集中在城市的中心地区。
专业英语作业习题
由张学炳整理，仅供参考，如有问题还请见谅电路作业(英译汉)：1、passive/ active network 无源/有源网络2、the rate of change with time of the current 电流随时间的变化率3、passive circuit elements无源电路元件4、proportionality constant 比例常数5、voltage /current source电压/电流源6、voltage drop/rise电压降/升7、loop analysis/current回路分析法/回路电流8、Note that conventional current flow is used;hence the currentin each element is shown in the direction of decreasing voltage.注意：电流的参考方向为惯用的参考方向，因此流过每一个元件的电流与电压降的方向一致9、In their ideal form,voltage sources generate a constant voltage independent of the current drawn from the source. The aforemetioned battery and generator are regarded as voltage sources since their voltage is essentially constant with load .这理想状态为电压源两端的电压恒定，与从电压中流出的电流无关。
因此负载发生变化时电压基本恒定，因此上述电池和发电机被认为电压源三相电路作业(英译汉)：1、armature coil 电枢线圈2、three-wire or four-wire three-phase system三线或四线三相系统3、wye-connection /delta-connectionY形联结/△形联结4、phase/line voltage 相/线电压5、phase sequence 相序6、phasor diagram相量图7、positive half-cycle 正半周期8、Three-phase machinery and control equipment are smaller ,lighter in weight,and more efficient than single-phase equipment of the same rated capacity.in addition to the above-mentioned advantages offered by a three-phase system, the distribution of three-phase power requires only three-fourths as much line copper as dose the single-phase distribution of the same amount of power .三相供电的机械和控制设备与相同额定容量的单相供电设备相比：体积小、重量轻、效率高，除了三项系统提供的上述优点，三相电的传输需要的铜线仅仅是同样功率大小单相电传输所需铜线的3/49、A three-phase electric circuit is energized by three alternating emfs of the same frequency and differing in time phase by 120 electrical degrees.三相电路可由三个频率相同在时间在相位相差120°电度角的电动势供电计算机的结构与功能翻译作业：1、internal architecture of a computer计算机内部体系结构2、instruction execution cycle指令执行周期3、binary-coded instruction二进制编码指令4、memory存储器5、central processing unit(CPU)中央处理(单元)器6、external processor bus外部处理器总线7、input/output system输入/输出系统8、word length字长9、program branches程序分支10、machine-language instruction机器语言指令11、operation code操作码12、operand address操作地址13、immediate operands立即操作数14、Branch address转移地址15、addressing range of the microprocessor微处理器的寻址范围16、variable instruction fields可变的指令域(变指令段)17、multiword instructions多字指令18、memory space存储空间19、data types数据类型20、binary-coded decimal digit二进制编码十进制数21、single-precision floating-point data types(32bits)单精度浮点数据类型22、double-precision floating-point data types(64bits)双精度浮点数据类型23、computer terminal key计算机终端键24、American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII)美国信息交换标准码25、digital control system数字控制系统26、primary memory主内存27、random-access memory(RAM)随机访问存储器28、read-only memory(ROM)只读存储器29、programmable read-only memory(PROM)可编程只读存储器30、erasable programmable read-only memory(EPROM)可擦可编程只读存储器31、electronically erasable PROM is abbreviated EEPROM电子可擦除PROM（可擦可编程只读存储器）缩写为EEPROM32、arithmetic and logical unit(ALU)逻辑运算单元33、registers寄存器34、internal processor bus内部处理器总线35、Instruction register指令寄存器36、programmer’s model of the CPU CPU程序员模型37、instruction set指令集38、Flag register标志寄存器39、status register状态寄存器40、condition register条件寄存器41、program counter(instruction pointer)程序计数器42、register addressing寄存器寻址43、register indirect addressing寄存器间接寻址44、control lines控制线45、”read” command读指令46、data bus 数据总线47、address bus地址总线48、instruction processing sequence指令处理顺序49、reset request复位请求50、unrecoverable error不可恢复错误51、interrupt request中断请求52、service subroutine服务子程序53、bus request总线请求54、terminal interface终端接口55、carriage return回车56、data source device数据源设备57、data destination数据目的地58、bus buffers总线缓冲59、microprocessor integrated circuit位处理器集成电路60、I/O-mapped input/outputI/O映射的输入/输出61、I/O port I/O端口62、memory-mapped I/O存储器映射的输入/输出63、The CPU reads and interprets the instructions, reads the data required by each instruction, executes the action required by the instruction, and stores the results back in memory.CPU读取并解释指令，读取每一条指令所需的数据，执行指令所需的动作并将结果存储回内存64、The “number” of a location is called its address.单元的编号为地址65、To carry out a fetch, the processor places(enables)the binary-coded address of the desired location onto the address lines of the external processor bus.为了完成这次读取，处理器把所需单元的二进制码地址放到外部处理器地址总线的地址线上66、The ALU provides a wide arithmetic operations, including add, subtract, multiply, and divide. ALU提供很广泛的算数操作，包括加、减、乘和除67、Decoding means that the operation code is examined.译码意味着检查操作代码68、A bus is a set of closely grouped electric conductors that transfers data, address, and control information between functional blocks the CPU.总线是一套分组的电导线，它能在CPU的功能模块间传递数据、地址和控制信息69、A total program cycle comprises many instruction cycles, each instruction cycle can be divided up into its component machine cycles, and each machine cycle comprises a number of clock cycles.一个总程序周期是由许多指令周期组成，每个指令周期分为它部件的机器周期，每个机器周期由许多时钟周期组成A Industrial Robot翻译作业：1、single-purpose machines 单一用途（专用）的机器2、the RotbotIstitute of America 美国机器人研究所3、the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission 美国原子能委员会4、Numerical control（NC）technology 数字控制技术5、Remote manipulation techonolgy远程控制技术6、The term “reprogrammable”implies two things:the robot operates according to a written program,and this program can be rewritten to accommodate a variety of manufacturing tasks.“可编程”一词意味着两件事：机器人操作根据写好的程序作业，这个程序可以被重写以适应各种生产任务7、The “multifuctional”means that the robot can,through reprogramming and the use of different end-effectors perform a number of different manufacturing tasks.“多功能”意味着机器人可以通过重新编程和使用不同的末端执行器执行许多不同的生产任务8、Numerical control technology provide a form of machine control ideally suited to robots.It allowed for the control of motion by stored programs.数字控制技术提供一种控制机器人的理想选择，它允许通过存储程序控制运动9、Remote manipulation technology allowed a machine to be more than just another NC machine.It allowed such machines to become robots that can perform a variety of manufacturing tasks in both inaccessible and unsafe environment.远程控制技术允许机器不仅仅是一个数控机器，它允许这样的机器成为机器人可以执行各种任务无法接近和不安全的环境。
专业英语大作业优选10篇(英文原文)
杜孟远PILOTING THE SMART GRIDAhmad Faruqui, Ryan Hledik and Sanem Sergici1The transformative power of the smart grid is enormous. It is receiving much consideration frutilities and commissions across North America. Several members of the European UniChina, Japan and other nations are also engaged in the same endeavor.The smart grid has the potential for revolutionizing the way we produce and consume electric but because it contains so many new elements; its core value proposition remains untested.The unanswered questions include:What new services will the smart grid provide customers?Do customers want these new services?Will they respond by changing their energy use patterns?The answers to these questions will help policymakers in federal and state government determine whether the benefits of the smart grid will cover its costs.It is widely understood that the new services enabled by the smart grid will include different rate designs that encourage curtailment of peak loads and make more efficient use of energy. Examples include dynamic pricing and inclining block rates.2These innovative rate designs will be enhanced by various automating technologies such as Energy Orbs, programmable communicating thermostats (PCTs), whole building energy management systems (Auto DR), and in-home displays (IHDs).The smart grid will of course go beyond smart meters and rate design and enable renewable energy resources to be connected to the grid. This will allow optimal use of intermittent resources, such as wind, which often reach their peak generating capacity during off-peak hours. New off-peak loads, such as plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, which reduce overall energy consumption and improve the carbon footprint, will be energized by the smart grid.To address the likely impact of the smart grid on customers, utilities, and society as a whole, it may be necessary to conduct a pilot. When should a pilot be conducted and how should it be conducted? To be useful, a pilot must yield credible results. This requires that the pilot satisfy various validity criteria. These issues form the focus of this paper. We provide examples from several recent pilots that involved dynamic pricing, a key element of the smart gird. The concluding section discusses how a hypothetical company, SMART POWER, should go about designing its own pilot. Should a Pilot be Conducted?3Policymakers should consider implementing a pilot if there is much uncertainty in the cost-benefit analysis of proceeding with full-scale deployment. A powerful method for resolving uncertainty is to assess the value of information that would be generated from a pilot. This point is best illustrated with a case study.California suffered the worst energy crisis in its history in 2001. Most analysts attributed the crisis in part to the lack of demand response in the market design. When prices rose in wholesale markets, there was no incentive for retail customers to lower demand. In the summer of 2002, the California Public Utilities Commission initiated proceedings on demand response, advanced metering, and dynamic pricing. Early in the proceedings, it became clear that the decision to deploy advanced metering was fraught with risk. The deployment would be costly and the benefits uncertain, as they depended on the customers’ price elasticity of demand.龚畅Electricity from the Oceans: Will It Really HappenAnytime Soon?By Doug PeeplesSGN News EditorGovernments and private industry have been casting a wide net to find alternative sources of sustainable power to meet accelerating demand and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. And electric power from ocean waves, tides and currents has been getting a lot more attention —and money — than ever before.But what are the chances that marine and hydrokinetic technologies (let's just call it ocean power to keep it short and sweet) are really going to take their place alongside more mature and relatively well-funded renewable energy sources such as wind and solar to feed the need for more greener power?We can't answer that question to a certainty, but we can round up a lot of the big issues: What's good about it, what's bad and what needs to happen to make ocean power a reality?The Good∙Oceans cover about 70% of the planet, and waves and tides offer a more predictable, reliable source of energy than wind and solar. And energy storage isn't an issue. The oceans are always on.∙ A British company built a large-scale tidal turbine in 2008 that's since been getting good reviews, and several countries have jumped onto the ocean power bandwagon.Globally, according to Pike Research, there are more than 300 ocean power projects"in the works." A New Jersey company has big plans for a pilot buoy project off theOregon coast and much bigger plans for a commercial-scale wave project there.∙ A January report from Pike said ocean power could generate 200 GW of electricity by 2025. A new analysis from Frost & Sullivan pegs global resources at more like2,000 to 4,000 TWh annually. The Frost & Sullivan analysis also anticipates thecommercialization of ocean power within the next 5-10 years as technology improves and production costs drop.∙In the U.S., attitudes of the federal government and private industry are taking a positive tack, too. The DOE and the Interior Department in June signed amemorandum of understanding to collaborate on commercial-scale development of offshore renewable energy projects, including wave power. The DOE has pouredmillions of dollars into hydrokinetic R&D and has put the technological and strategic muscle of its national laboratories behind it.The Bad∙Ocean power is still in the proof-of-concept phase, and initial deployments require unimaginably massive investments. Will investors bet on technologies with nosignificant track record and sky high upfront costs?∙While wave power is more reliable than wind and solar, the actual power in waves fluctuates a lot, as does the state of the oceans in general. Durability is a big issue.Pelamis Wave Power, which operated a highly regarded commercial-scale wave farm in Portugal, shut down its operations last year because of persistent technicalproblems and dwindling financing.∙How will regulations to protect aquatic ecosystems and fisheries evolve? The permitting and siting process for land-based renewable energy projects is complicated enough. The marine environment is more complex, so it seems reasonable thatpermitting and siting for ocean projects will be even more complicated.∙Standardizing technologies, connecting wave power to the electric grid and transmission also present obstacles.That Said, What's It All Mean?Who wouldn’t want to see a new, reliable, secure and green energy source? But even the most optimistic reports and analyses come with heavy disclaimers, most of them pointing at exceptionally high upfront costs and technological nightmares similar to those facing the new deepwater wind farm sector. While the future of ocean power looks a little brighter, it still looks like a long slog to the light at the end of the tunnel.What do YOU think? Will be generating significant amounts of electricity from ocean waves anytime soon ... if ever?甘凯元Radioactive Water Leaking From Crippled Japan Plantby The Associated PressWorkers spray resin on the ground near the reactor buildings to prevent the spread of radioactive substances at the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant.April 2, 2011Highly radioactive water was leaking into the sea Saturday from a crack discovered at a nuclear power plant destabilized by last month's earthquake and tsunami, a new setback as frustrated survivors of the disasters complained that Japan's government was paying too much attention to the nuclear crisis.The contaminated water will quickly dissipate into the sea and is not expected to cause any health hazard. Nevertheless, the disturbing discovery points at the unexpected problems that can crop up and continue to hamper technicians trying to control the crisis.Word of the leak came as Prime Minister Naoto Kan toured the town of Rikuzentakata, his first trip to survey damage in one of the dozens of villages, towns and cities slammed by the March 11 tsunami that followed a magnitude 9.0 earthquake."The government has been too focused on the Fukushima power plant rather than the tsunami victims. Both deserve attention," said 35-year-old Megumi Shimanuki, who was visiting her family at a community center converted into a shelter in hard-hit Natori, about 100 miles from Rikuzentakata.The double disaster is believed to have left nearly 25,000 dead — 11,800 confirmed. More than 165,000 are still living in shelters, and tens of thousands more still do not have electricity or running water.Although the government had rushed to provide relief, its attention has been divided by the efforts to stabilize the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear plant, which suffered heavy damage and has dragged the country to its worst nuclear crisis since the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki during World War II.The plant's reactors overheated to dangerous levels after electrical pumps — deprived of electricity — failed to circulate water to keep the reactors cool. A series of almost daily problems have led to substantial amount of radiation leaking in the atmosphere, ground and sea.On Saturday, workers discovered an 8-inch long crack in a maintenance pit that was leaking highly radioactive water into the Pacific Ocean, said Japan Nuclear and Industrial Safety Agency spokesman Hidehiko Nishiyama.He said the water contaminated with levels of radioactive iodine far above the legal limit found inside the pit could be one of the sources of recent spikes in radioactivity in sea water."There could be other similar cracks in the area, and we must find them as quickly as possible," he told reporters.Soon after the discovery, the plant's operator, Tokyo Electric Power Co., started filling the pit with cement to seal the crack and prevent more contaminated water from seeping into the ocean.Nuclear safety officials said the crack was likely caused by the quake and may be the source of radioactive iodine that started showing up in the ocean more than a week ago.People living within 12 miles of the plant have been evacuated and the radioactive water will quickly dissipate in the sea, but it was unclear if the leak posed any new danger to workers. People have been uneasy about seafood from the area despite official reassurances that the risk of contamination is low.The cracked pit houses cables for one of the six nuclear reactors, and the concentration of radioactive iodine was the same as in a puddle of contaminated water found outside the reactor earlier in the week. Because of that, officials believe the contaminated water is coming from the same place, though they are not sure where.A nuclear plant worker who fell into the ocean Friday while trying to board a barge carrying water to help cool the plant did not show any immediate signs of being exposed to unsafe levels of radiation, nuclear safety officials said Saturday, but they were waiting for test results to be sure.Radiation worries have compounded the misery for people trying to recover from the tsunami. Kan's visit Saturday to Rikuzentakata did little to alleviate their worries."The government fully supports you until the end," Kan told 250 people at an elementary school serving as an evacuation center. He earlier met with the mayor, whose 38-year-old wife was swept away.He bowed his head for a moment of silence in front of the town hall, one of the few buildings still standing, though its windows are blown out and metal and debris sit tangled out front.Kan also stopped at the sports complex being used as a base camp for nuclear plant workers, who have been hailed as heroes for laboring in dangerous conditions. He had visited the nuclear crisis zone once before, soon after the quake.Workers have been reluctant to talk to the media about what they are experiencing, but one who spent several days at the plant described difficult conditions in an anonymous interview published Saturday in the national Mainichi newspaper.When he was called in mid-March to help restore power at the plant, he said he did not tell his family because he did not want them to worry. But he did tell a friend to notify his parents if he did not return in two weeks."I feel very strongly that there is nobody but us to do this job, and we cannot go home until we finish the work," he said.Early on, the company ran out of full radiation suits, forcing workers to create improvised versions of items such as nylon booties they were supposed to pull over their shoes."But we only put something like plastic garbage bags you can buy at a convenience store and sealed them with masking tape," he said.He said the tsunami littered the area around the plant with dead fish and sharks, and the quake opened holes in the ground that tripped up some workers who could not see through large gas masks. They had to yell at one another to be heard through the masks."It's hard to move while wearing a gas mask," he said. "While working, the gas mask came off several times. Maybe I must have inhaled much radiation."Radiation is also a concern for people living around the plant. In the city of Koriyama, Tadashi and Ritsuko Yanai and their 1-month-old baby have spent the past three weeks in a sports arena converted into a shelter. Baby Kaon, born a week before the quake, has grown accustomed to life there, including frequent radiation screenings, but his parents have not. Their home is fine, but they had to leave because it is six miles from the nuclear plant.Asked if he had anything he would like to say to the prime minister, Tadashi, a32-year-old father, paused to think and then replied: "We want to go home. That's all, we just want to go home."In Natori, where about 1,700 people are living in shelters, others had stronger words for Kan. Toru Sato, 57, lost both his wife and his house in the tsunami and said he was bothered that Kan's visit to the quake zone was so brief about a half day."He's just showing up for an appearance," Sato said. "He should spend time to talk to various people, and listen to what they need."黄松强AEP, ITC Transmission to perform technical study on expanding 765-kV transmission into MichiganCOLUMBUS, Ohio, Nov. 6, 2006 – American Electric Power (NYSE: AEP) has signed a memorandum of understanding (MOU) with ITC Transmission, a subsidiary of ITC Holdings Corp. (ITC), to perform a technical study to evaluate the feasibilityof extending AEP’s 765-kilovolt (kV) transmission infrastructure through Michigan to enhance reliability and support a competitive market of generation supply.The study will explore the merit and benefits of building a 765-kV transmission network in Michigan’s Lower Peninsula that would link to AEP’s 765-kV transmission system in the Midwest. The study will be shared with the Midwest ISO (MISO) and the Michigan Public Servic e Commission’s (MPSC) 21st Century Energy Planning team.The study is projected to be complete in late 2006, in time for it to be shared with the MPSC 21st Century Planning team before they complete their deliberations. The MOU signed with ITC Transmission does not include provisions to build or operate transmission. Any future activities regarding Michigan transmission will be determined after the completion of the study.―Through this agreement, we will work with ITC Transmission to determine the benefits of enhancing the Michigan transmission grid by introducing 765-kV lines, the most robust transmission in the U.S., and linking it to AEP’s 2,100-mile 765-kV transmission network in the Midwest. After the completion of the study, we will provide our analysis to the Michigan Public Service Commission, Midwest ISO and other parties to help them determine the best way to serve Michigan’s future electric reliability needs and support a successful competitive marketplace,‖ said Michael G. Morris, AEP’s chairm an, president and chief executive officer.―ITC Transmission continues in its mission to invest in the transmission infrastructure as a means to improve electric reliability for its customers and lower the overall cost of delivered energy,‖ said Joseph L. Welch, president and chief executive officer of ITC Transmission. ―The transmission grid in Michigan has suffered after a 30-year trend of underinvestment, and we must begin actively looking to implement a long-term solution that will address Michigan’s current electric reliability needs now and for years to come.‖―ITC Transmission, a subsidiary of ITC Holdings Corp. (NYSE: ITC), is the first independently-owned and operated electricity transmission company in the United States. ITC Holdings Corp. is in the business of investing in electricity transmission infrastructure improvements as a means to improve electric reliability, reduce congestion and lower the overall cost of delivered energy. Through its operating subsidiaries, ITC Transmission and METC, it is the only publicly traded company engaged exclusively in the transmission of electricity in the United States. ITC is also the largest independent electric transmission company and the tenth largest electric transmission company in the country based on transmission load served. ITC Transmission and METC operate contiguous, fully regulated, high-voltage systems in Michigan´s Lower Peninsula, an area with a population of approximately 9.8 million people, that transmit electricity to local electricity distribution facilities fromgenerating stations throughout Michigan and surrounding areas. For more information on ITC Holdings Corp., please visit . For more information on ITC Transmission or METC, please visit or , respectively.American Electric Power is one of the largest electric utilities in the United States, delivering electricity to more than 5 million customers in 11 states. AEP ranks among the nation’s largest generators of electricity, owning nearly 36,000 megawatts of generating capacity in the U.S. AEP also owns the nation’s largest electricity transmission system, a nearly 39,000-mile network that includes more 765 kilovolt extra-high voltage transmission lines than all other U.S. transmission systems combined. AEP’s utility units operate as AEP Ohio, AEP Texas, Appalachian Power (in Virginia and West Virginia), AEP Appalachian Power (in Tennessee), Indiana Michigan Power, Kentucky Power, Public Service Company of Oklahoma, and Southwestern Electric Power Company (in Arkansas, Louisiana and east Texas). American Electric Power, based in Columbus, Ohio, is celebrating its 100th anniversary in 2006.杨萌Siemens Residential Surge Protection —Implementing the Right Line of Defense on the Home FrontUnexpected voltage spikes, surges and other electrical disturbances can ruin or severely damage computers, VCRs, televisions, fax machines, scanners and copiers, disrupt satellite signals, degrade the performance of audio/video components, and wreak havoc with telecommunications systems.Because no single device can protect an entire home or office against all electrical surges, the best way to prevent damage is by implementing a systematic, tiered surge protection plan that monitors every possible incoming signal path and protects against internally generated power fluctuations, providing protection at the service entrance and at the point of use.Protection at the point of entryThe first line of defense is protection at the point of entry where electricity,surges and voltage spikes from lightning hits can enter the electrical system. This requires an electrician-installed secondary surge arrestor or transient voltage surge suppressor installed at the service entrance to limit surge voltage by diverting and conducting large surge currents safely to ground. If an AC surge arrestor does its job right, it shields motor-driven appliances like refrigerators, dishwashers, electric washers, and dryers from damage. Additional specialized service entrance protectors can be added to protect cable TV and telephone lines, and minimize damage to TVs and modems. Homeowners also can arrange for installation of branch circuit feeder devices or trips in circuit breaker panels to prevent surges from damaging equipment on specific circuit branches.Protection at the point of useThe second line of defense is the point of use. Here, homeowners can reinforce point-of-entry protection by installing plug-in surge protectors (strips) into grounded wall receptacles where sensitive electronic equipment is located. These plug-in protectors, which generally have much lower limiting voltages than entry protectors, defend against externally and internally generated surges that travel through power, phone, data, and coaxial lines. Plug-in power strips should minimally include AC power protection and appropriate signal line protection and should protect against both catastrophic and small surges. These devices should be installed wherever expensive or sensitive electronic equipment like computers, VCRs, fax machines, PCs with modems, satellite systems, stereo systems, copiers and scanners are located. All types of equipment with signal lines, such as phones, cable TV, and satellites should be equipped with multi-port protectors, which protect signal and AC lines.If you have any questions or are interested in purchasing our surge protection products, please contact us via e-mail or call 1-800-964-4114.胡嘉滨Energy Storage: Can It Replace Transmission?Grid-scale storage offers potential benefits to transmission and distribution systems of utilities in regulated and market environments. These benefits derive from cost reductions due to the time and location shifting of energy for congestion relief, reliability via enhanced stability and outage response, and incremental voltage support—once the storage device and its power electronics are in place. .Between the transmission and distribution systems, at the subtransmission or distribution substation, storage can defer capital expenditures for power transformer upgrades to meet peak load conditions. In remote areas served by radial subtransmission, storage can also be a vehicle for reliability improvement as a way to ride through un-cleared faults on the transmission line(s) that serve the substation.The potential T&D CapEx deferral angle is an interesting area to explore. One example for a substation application is to support power transformer contingency operations during peak load periods that have grown in excess of the N-1 contingency capacity of the station.This potential application, however, suffers from the same barriers today as the transmission congestion relief application:•The planning and operational methodologies are not established•The regulatory process for approval is nonexistent•It, again, crosses the boundary between transmission and distribution regulated functionality and merchant functionality, because it potentially shifts off-peak energy to on-peak delivery.In addition, as this typical substation application is likely to be in the range of 1-10 MW, it may not require centralized storage systems, but rather distributed or utility-scale devices. As previously noted, these could be portable or semi-portable in nature.One More Hurdle … For Now, At LeastAn additional hurdle that needs to be mentioned is costs. One reason multiple roles are applied to a storage device is for a means to create additional revenue that can defer initial cost for the technologies. However, this hurdle needs to be evaluated in the context of an emerging technology and not ―set‖ at current levels.Advanced energy storage technologies are still in a rapid state of evolution and development. Hence, when comparing options, solutions for areas such as CapEx deferral need to be weighed not only against today’s current options, but also with expected prices of future technologies. The intent isn’t to mask cost as a hurdle; rather, there are a number of diffe rent technologies nearing demonstration stages that have potential to alter the current cost of devices. This perceived ―cost‖ hurdle may become a moot point in the near future.Storage is not yet in widespread use to the point that it could serve as a consistent application to defer new transmission. As challenges of siting new transmission continue though, additional modeling of energy storage going forward can help to understand its benefits for a given capacity challenge better.梁诗密A secure energy future requires that we use energy more efficiently and responsibly and improve the performance of the energy delivery system. We launched gridSMART® in 2007 to give customers greater control over their energy usage, increase the efficiency of the electric grid, improve service to our customers and lead us to a new era of energy delivery.From a technology standpoint, gridSMART® incorporates a two-way communications system between AEP and our customers that facilitates the more efficient use of electricity. For example, gridSMART® may allow us to send price signals to customers so they can decide when to run home appliances. It can also allow us to adjust customer thermostats automatically, with their pre-approval, when demand is high and we need to lessen the stress on the electric grid.AEP Ohio is pursuing a comprehensive gridSMART® project involving 110,000 smart meters and distributed grid management technologies on 70 circuits. The $150 million project was funded with a $75 million grant from the DOE, in-kind contributions from vendors and regulatory recovery support from Ohio regulators. The project features smart meters,time-of-use tariffs, home energy use display devices, smart grid-enabled appliances, plug-in electric vehicles, distributed automation equipment, community energy storage devices and a cyber security center.Our most extensive smart meter deployment project is in Texas, where we are installing close to 1 million smart meters. In addition, Indiana Michigan Power Co. (I&M) and Public Service Company of Oklahoma (PSO) are deploying smart grid technology pilots in their states.Our initial goal was to install 5 million smart meters by 2015 throughout the AEP system. Through our early deployments we hope to determine if the expense of the meters is offset by the benefits. We will continue to pursue the deployment of these smart grid technologies where regulators are supportive and there is a proven business case. We believe modernizing the grid is critical to reducing demand and energy consumption, contributing to energy reliability and security, and preparing for the future needs of customers.Get a state-by-state breakdown of gridSMART initiativesWe believe gridSMART® will transform our relationship with our customers and through our current projects we are learning more about how that will occur. For example, we have learned that:The technology that allows us to manage the grid from our back office systems, such as remote operation of the meter and distribution automation equipment, works asexpected. The technology that goes beyond the meter, into the customers’ home, is still evolving.A significant number of customers who participated in the time-of-day rate plan didshift their demand to different times. In a larger scale deployment, this program could provide relief to the distribution systems during peak times.Better system management, fewer crew trips, reduced fuel consumption, better energy theft detection and streamlined billing can create cost savings.When customers agree to the program, we can directly control electric use through wireless technology (e.g. a two-way communicating thermostat) which allows us to raise the temperature in homes to ease stress on the grid and help customers save energy during the cooling season.More education of consumers will be needed in future projects.For more data, please see indicators EU1 through EU12 of AEP's Global Reporting Initiative Electric Utility Sector Supplement.吕思颖Are geothermal power plants safe?For all our hand-wringing over the oil supply, it might shock you to realize that the solution to our dependence on fossil fuels lies right under our feet. In Western states like California, Nevada, Idaho, Alaska and Hawaii, underground pockets of geothermal energy — hot rock, superheated water and steam — can be tapped to generate electricity. According to backers of geothermal technology like Google, this carbon-neutral, inexhaustible energy source could meet 15 percent of America's electricity needs by 2030.Harnessing SteamIn the simplest geothermal power plant, called a dry steam plant, a well is drilled into the rock to tap a steam reservoir. The steam escapes the well under great pressure, which is used to turn a turbine and generate electricity.Since steam deposits aren't as common as hot water and hot rock reserves, the most promising geothermal technology is called a binary-cycle power plant. In this system, hot water from a deep well circulates through a heat exchanger. There, the。
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专业英语作业姓名：羊亚波学号：1302120311 班级：自动化133班一：Abstract—Detecting vehicles in aerial images has a wide range of applications, from urban planning to visual surveillance. Wedescribe a vehicle detector that improves upon previous approaches by incorporating a very large and rich set of image descriptors. Anew feature set called Color Probability Maps is used to capture the color statistics of vehicles and their surroundings, along with theHistograms of Oriented Gradients feature and a simple yet powerful image descriptor that captures the structural characteristics ofobjects named Pairs of Pixels. The combination of these features leads to an extremely high-dimensional feature set (approximately70,000 elements). Partial Least Squares is first used to project the data onto a much lower dimensional subspace. Then, a powerfulfeature selection analysis is employed to improve the performance while vastly reducing the number of features that must becalculated. We compare our system to previous approaches on two challenging data sets and show superior performance.摘要：，从城市规划到视觉监控和航空影像中，检测车辆具有广泛的应用。
我们描述一个通过将一个非常大的和丰富的图像描述符集来提高了以前的方法车辆检测器。
一新的功能集称为颜色的概率图是用来捕捉的车辆及其周围的颜色统计，随着梯度特征的直方图和一个简单而强大的图像描述符捕捉的结构特性对象命名为对像素。
这些功能的组合导致一个非常高的高维特征集（约70000要素）。
偏最小二乘法是首次将数据投影到低维子空间上。
然后，一个强大的特征选择分析，以提高性能，同时大大减少了数量的特点，必须计算。
对于具有挑战性的数据集，我们比较我们的系统与以前的方法，并通过数据表现得出优异的性能。
二，图片分析1图二：Color probability maps. Pixels extracted from negative trainingimage patches are clustered to obtain models of typical colors observedin the background. Given a new image patch, kernel density estimationis then used to obtain a probability map corresponding to each colorcluster. _ 2009 Google翻译：色彩概率图。
以获得模型典型颜色观察做背景，从消极的训练中提取的像素补丁被聚集。
给出一个新的图像修补程序，核密度估计说然后可以使用对应获得的每个颜色的概率地图群-2009谷歌2，图片3The structure of a typical car and its surrounding regions can be described using pairwise relationships between the highlighted regions.Regions that are marked with the same color typically have the same color and texture properties. This information is captured by the PoP feature.翻译：典型的汽车的结构及其周边地区描述使用成对高亮区域之间的关系。
区域使用相同的颜色通常有相同的标记颜色和纹理属性。
这些信息是被流行特性3，图片4POP schemes. Scheme 1 captures differences between pairs of pixels that lie symmetrically across the central vertical axis of the imagepatch. Scheme 2 captures differences between pairs of pixels that lie inthe same row and column.翻译：流行的方案。
方案1捕获对之间的差异在图像的中心垂直轴的对称的像素补丁。
方案2捕捉到的像素之间的差异，在相同的行和列。
4，图片6Visualization of multiple PLS factors. The effect of the n th PLS factor can be visualized by plotting it against the composite factor obtained by combining the first n -1 PLS factors.翻译：视化多PLS因子。
第n个请因子的效果可以通过绘制可视化这对复合因素通过结合第n-1请因子。
5图片7Example images from the Google Earth San Francisco data set.(a) A test image from the data set, looking down on an urban scene, withoverlaid detections using our vehicle detector. (b) A few training imagespatches from both classes. 2009 Google.翻译：旧金山例子从谷歌地球图片数据集。
(一)一个测试图像的数据集,俯视着城市场景, 覆盖使用我们的车辆检测器检测。
(b)几个训练图像补丁两类。
2009年谷歌。
6，图片8Mean classification error obtained after three iterations of five-fold cross validation on the Google Earth San Francisco training data set.The error plot is shown for each class of features individually, as well astheir combination.翻译：交叉验证的谷歌地球旧金山训练数据集，均分类误差获得三迭代后的5倍，显示的错误情节分别为每一个类的功能,以及他们的组合。
7。
图片10Basic feature selection using VIP. The error plot is shown for the original set of features and for a subset of features using the VIP criterion. VIP >1 is the thumb rule usually applied in PLS analysis. 翻译：使用贵宾的基本特征选择。
错误图所示为原始组的功能和使用的功能标准。
贵宾〉1是指拇指规则通常实用于偏最小二乘法。
8，图片11Basic feature selection using all four informative vectors. The regression vector B, when used as an informative vector, outperformsthe typically used VIP informative vector. The CVP vector performs verypoorly on our data set.翻译：使用所有四个信息向量的基本特性选择,这个回归的量，当作信息载体，优于通常使用的贵宾信息向量。
CVP向量对我们数据体现很不好。
9，图片14Mean classification error obtained using downsampling. No feature selection is used. The performance decreases very slightly asimages are reduced to a smaller size.翻译：平均分类错误使用下的采样。
不使用特征选择。
性能略有下降图像缩小到更小的尺寸。
10，图片15Mean misclassification error at downsampling factor of 2. The error rates drop after the feature selection process. The informative vector combination VIP-then-B outperforms VIP >1.翻译：平均误分在采样因子2。
这个特征选择过程中的错误率下降。
信息向量组合VIP-THEN-B优于vip〉1二公式分析：1，Correlation (CORR)—The correlation informativevector contains the Pearson correlation coefficientsbetween every predictor variable Xi and theresponse variable Y . A high correlation indicatesthat the predictor variable is very informative aboutthe PLS classification model:翻译：相关的向量包含的皮尔森系数在每个预测变量之间的响应变量。