专题01 阅读理解(科普阅读)-2018年高考英语母题题源系列(原卷版)
2018高考英语全国Ⅰ卷阅读理解及翻译
华盛顿特区的自行车之旅华盛顿特区的樱花自行车之旅持续时间：3小时这个小团体自行车旅行是观看华盛顿特区世界上有名的樱花树的一种奇妙的方式，这些树能开出美丽的花朵。
你的导游会上一堂有关这些树以及有樱花树开花的名胜古迹的历史课。
在能看之前预订你的位置——樱花树一开花——很快就凋谢了！华盛顿首都纪念馆自行车之旅持续时间：3小时（4英里）参加一次有导游的自行车旅行，并且参观华盛顿特区的一些最受欢迎的纪念馆。
当你的导游在每一站分享独特的事实和历史时，你可以在国家广场上探寻纪念馆和纪念碑。
这场有导游的旅行包括自行车、头盔、饼干和瓶装水。
华盛顿特区的首都自行车之旅持续时间：3小时不管是上午还是下午，对刚来华盛顿特区的人和当地人来说，想要以健康的、最不费力的方式来体验华盛顿风土人情的话，这场自行车之旅是完美的旅行。
知识渊博的导游会讲有关总统们、国会、纪念碑和公园的最有趣的故事。
舒适的自行车和流畅的旅游路线使得在景点之间的骑行变得有趣和轻松。
华盛顿首都景点夜间自行车之旅持续时间：3小时（7英里）加入一个小团体自行车旅行之中，在华盛顿市中心进行一次夜间探险。
当你骑自行车游览国会山和国家广场时，靠近这些纪念馆和纪念碑。
当你的导游讲解独特的事实和历史的时候，你可以经常停下来拍照。
这场旅行包括自行车、头盔和瓶装水。
所有骑自行车的人都配有反光背心和安全灯。
B“早安英国”节目中的Susanna Reid习惯每天早上坐在沙发上追问嘉宾，但是她准备在最新的角色中烹饪一手好菜——为家庭展示如何在预算紧张的情况下准备美味且营养的食物。
在“省钱：美食”节目中，她每周都会拜访一个不同的家庭，并在主厨Matt Tebbutt的帮助下提供如何减少食物浪费的最佳建议，同时一天为每个家庭准备花销在5英镑以下的食谱。
而且这位“早安英国”的主持人说，她能够在自己家里将她所学到的许多东西运用到实践中，为儿子们，14岁的Sam，13岁的Finn和11岁的Jack，准备饭菜。
2018年高考英语全国一卷阅读理解精讲
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Washington, D.C. Bicycle Tours Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour
Duration: 3 hours (7 miles) Join a small group bike tour for an evening of exploration in the heart of Washington, D.C. Get up close to the monuments and memorials as you bike the sites of Capitol Hill and the National Mall. Frequent stops are made for photo taking as your guide offers unique facts and history. Tour includes bike, helmet, and bottled water. All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights.
Washington, D.C. Bicycle Tours Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour
Duration: 3 hours (7 miles) Join a small group bike tour for an evening of exploration in the heart of Washington, D.C. Get up close to the monuments and memorials as you bike the sites of Capitol Hill and the National Mall. Frequent stops are made for photo taking as your guide offers unique facts and history. Tour includes bike, helmet, and bottled water. All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights.
2018全国高考汇编阅读之科普知识类
2018全国高考汇编阅读之科普知识类一（2018安徽卷）BRecordings of angry bees are enough to send big, tough African elephants running away, a new study says. Beehives (蜂窝)-either recorded or real-may even prevent elephants from damaging farmer's crops.In 2002, scientist Lucy King and her team found that elephants avoid certain trees with bees living in them. Today, Lucy wants to see if African honeybees might discourage elephants from eating crops. But before she asked farmer to go to the trouble of setting up beehives on their farms, she needed to find out if the bees would scare elephants away.Lucy found a wild beehive inside a tree in northern Kenya and set up a recorder. Then she threw a stone into the beehive, which burst into life. Lucy and her assistant hid in their car until the angry bees had calmed down. Next，Lucy searched out elephant families in Samburu National Reserve in northern Kenya and put a speaker in a close to each family.From a distance, Lucy switched on the pre-recorded sound of angry bees while at the same time recording the elephants with a video camera. Half the elephant groups left the area within ten seconds. Out of a total of 17 groups, only one group ignored the sound of the angry bees. Lucy reported that all the young elephants immediately ran to their mothers to hide under them. When Lucy Played the sound of a waterfall (瀑布) instead of the angry bees to many of the same elephant families, the animals were undisturbed. Even after four minutes, most of the groups stayed in one place.Lucy is now studying whether the elephants will continue to avoid the sound of angry bees after hearing it several times. She hasn't tested enough groups yet to know, but her initial (最先的) results were promising enough to begin trials with farmers. She has now begun placing speakers in the fields to see ifelephants are frightened away.60. We know from the passage that elephants may he frightened of .A. loud noisesB. some cropsC. video camerasD. angry bees61. As mentioned in the passage, LucyA. works by herself in AfricaB. needs to test more elephant groupsC. has stopped elephants eating cropsD. has got farmers to set up beehives on their farms62. Why did Lucy throw a stone into a wild beehive?A. To record the sound of bees.B. To make a video of elephants.C. To see if elephants would run away.D. To find out more about the behavior of bees.63. Which of the following is true according to the passage?A. Young elephants ignore African honeybees.B. Waterfalls can make elephants stay in one place.C. Elephants do not go near trees with bees living in them.D. Farmers do not allow Lucy to conduct tests in their fields.60. 【答案】D 61. 【答案】B 62. 【答案】A 63. 【答案】C二（2018北京卷）DMultitaskingWhat is the first thing you notice when you walk into a shop? The products displayed (展现) at the entrance? Or the soft background music?But have you ever notice the smell? Unless it is bad, the answer is likely to be no. But while a shop’s scent may not be outstanding compared with sightsand sounds, it is certainly there. And it is providing to be an increasing powerful tool in encouraging people to purchase.A brand store has become famous for its distinctive scent which floats throughthe fairly dark hall and out to the entrance, via scent machines. A smell may be attractive but it may not just be used for freshening air. One sports goods company once reported that when it first introduced scent into its stores, customers’ intension to purchase increased by 80 percent.When it comes to the best shopping streets in Pairs, scent is just as important to a brand’s success as the quality of its window displays and goods on slaes. That is mainly because shopping is a very different experience to what it used to be.Some years ago,the focus for brand name shopping was on a few people with sales assistants’ disproving attitude and don’t-touch-what-you-can’t-afford displays. Now the rise of electronic commerce (e-commerce) has opened up famous brands to a wider audience. But while e-shops can use sights and sounds, only bricks-and-mortar stores (实体店) can offer a full experience from the minute customers step through the door to the moment they leave. Another brand store seeks to be much more than a shop, but rather a destination. And scent is just one way to achieve this.Now a famous store uses complex man-made smell to make sure that the soft scent of baby powder floats through the kid department, and coconut (椰子) scent in the swimsuit section. A department store has even opened a new lab, inviting custo mers on a journey into the store’s windows to smell books, pots and drawers, in search of their perfect scent.67. According to the passage, what is an increasingly powerful tool in the success of some brand store?A. Friendly assistant.B. Unique scents.C. Soft background musicD. attractive window display.68. E-shops are mentioned in the passage to _______ .A. show the advantages of brick-and-mortar storesB. urge shop assistants to change their attitudeC. push stores to use sights and soundsD. introduce the rise of e-commerce69. The underlined word “destination” in Paragraph 5 means _______ .A. a platform that exhibts goodsB. a spot where travelers like to stayC.a place where customers love to goD. a target that a store expects to meet70. The main purpose of the passage is to ______ .A. compare and evaluateB. examine and assessC. argue and discussrm and explain67. 【答案】B 68. 【答案】A 69. 【答案】C 70. 【答案】D三（2018广东卷）DScientists today are making greater effort to study ocean currents (洋流) . Most do it using satellites and other high-tech equipment. However, ocean expert Curtis Ebbesmeyer does it in a special way --- by studying movements of random floating garbage. A scientist with many years’ experience, he started this type of research in the early 1990s when he heard about hundreds of athletic shoes washing up on the shores of the northwest coast of the United States. There were so many shoes that people were setting up swap meets to try and match left and right shoes to sell or wear.Ebbesmeyer found out in his researches that the shoes — about 60,000 in total — fell into the ocean in a shipping accident. He phoned the shoe company and asked if they wanted the shoes back. As expected, the company told him that they didn't. Ebbesmeyer realized this could be a great experiment. If he learned when and where the shoes went into the water and tracked where they landed, he could learn a lot about the patterns of ocean currents.The Pacific Northwest is one of the world's best areas for beachcombing(海滩找寻) because winds and currents join here, and as a result, there is a group of serious beachcombers in the area. Ebbesmeyer got to know a lot of them and asked for their help in collecting information about where the shoes landed. In a year he collected reliable information on 1, 600 shoes. With this data, heand a colleague were able to test and improve a computer program designed to model ocean currents, and publish the findings of their study.As the result of his work, Ebbesmeyer has become known as the scientist to call with questions about any unusual objects found floating in the ocean. He has even started an association of beachcombers and ocean experts, with 500 subscribers from West Africa to New Zealand. They have recorded all lost objects ranging from potatoes to golf gloves.41. The underlined phrase swap meets in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ______________.A. fitting roomsB. trading fairsC. business talksD. group meetings42. Ebbesmeyer phoned the shoe company to find out _____________.A. what caused the shipping accidentB. when and where the shoes went missingC. whether it was all right to use their shoesD. how much they lost in the shipping accident43. How did Ebbesmeyer prove his assumption?A. By collecting information from beachcombers.B. By studying the shoes found by beachcomber.C. By searching the web for ocean currents models.D. By researching ocean currents data in the library.44. Ebbesmeyer is most famous for ___________________.A. traveling widely the coastal cities of the worldB. making records for any lost objects on the seaC. running a global currents research associationD. phoning about any doubtful objects on the sea45. What is the purpose of the author in writing this passage?A. To call people's attention to ocean pollution.B. To warn people of shipping safety in the ocean.C. To explain a unique way of studying ocean currents.D. To give tips on how to search for lost objects on the beach.41.【答案】B 42. 【答案】C 43. 【答案】A 44. 【答案】D 45. 【答案】C四（2018湖北卷）CWorking with a group of baboons (狒狒) in the Namibian desert, Dr. Alecia Carter of the Department of Zoology, Cambridge University set baboons learning tasks involving a novel food and a familiar food hidden in a box. Some baboons were given the chance to watch another baboon who already knew how to solve the task, while others had to learn for themselves. To work out how brave or anxious the baboons were, Dr. Carter presented them either with a novel food or a threat in the form of a model of a poisonous snake.She found that personality had a major impact on learning. The braver baboons learnt, but the shy ones did not learn the task although they watched the baboon perform the task of finding the novel food just as long as the brave ones did. In effect, despite being made aware of what to do, they were still too shy to do what the experienced baboon did.The same held true for anxious baboons compared with calm ones. The anxious individuals learnt the task by observing others while those who were relaxed did not, even though they spent more time watching.This mismatch between collecting social information and using it shows that personality plays a key role in social learning in animals, something that has previously been ignored in studies on how animals learn to do things. The findings are significant because they suggest that animals may perform poorly in cognitive (认知的) tasks not because they aren’t clever enough to solve them, but because they are too shy or nervous to use the social information.The findings may impact how we understand the formation of culture in societies through social learning. If some individuals are unable to getinformation from others because they don’t associate with the knowledgeable individuals, or they are too shy to use the information once they have it, information may not travel between all group members, preventing the formation of a culture based on social learning.59. What is the first paragraph mainly about?A. The design of Dr. Ca rter’s research.B. The results of Dr. Carter’s research.C. The purpose of Dr. Carter’s research.D. The significance of Dr. Carter’s research.60. According to the research, which baboons are more likely to complete anew learning task?A. Those that have more experience.B. Those that can avoid potential risks.C. Those that like to work independently.D. Those that feel anxious about learning.61. Which best illustrates the “mismatch” mentioned in Paragraph 4?A. Some baboons are intelligent but slow in learning.B. Some baboons are shy but active in social activities.C. Some baboons observe others but don’t follow them.D. Some baboons perform new tasks but don’t concentrate.62. Dr. Carter’s findings indicate that our culture might be formed through______.A. storing informationB. learning from each otherC. understanding different peopleD. travelling between social groups59. 【答案】A 60. 【答案】D 61. 【答案】C 62. 【答案】B五（2018湖南卷）CThe behaviour of a building’s users may be at least as important as itsdesign when it comes to energy use, according to new research from the UK Energy Research Centre (UKERC). The UK promises to reduce its carbon emissions (排放）by 80 percent by 2050, part of which will be achieved by all new homes being zero-carbon by 2016. But this report shows that sustainable building design on its own — though extremely important- is not enough to achieve such reductions: the behaviour of the people using the building has to change too.The study suggests that the ways that people use and live in their homes have been largely ignored by existing efforts to improve energy efficiency (效率)，which instead focus on architectural and technological developments.‘Technology is going to assist but it is not going to do everything,’explains Katy Janda, a UKERC senior researcher，‘consumption patterns of building users can defeat the most careful design. ’In other words，old habits die hard, even in the best-designed eco-home.Another part of the problem is information. Households and bill-payer s don’t have the knowledge they need to change their energy-use habits. Without specific information，it’s hard to estimate the costs and benefits of making different choices. Feedback (反应）facilities, like smart meters and energy monitors，could help bridge this information gap by helping people see how changing their behaviour directly affects their energy use; some studies have shown that households can achieve up to 15 percent energy savings using smart meters.Social science research has added a further dimension (方面），suggesting that individuals’behaviour in the home can be personal and cannot be predicted 一whether people throw open their windows rather than turn down the thermostat (恒温器) , for example. Janda argues that education is the key. She calls for a focused programme to teach people about buildings and their own behaviour in them.66. As to energy use, the new research from UKERC stresses the importance of________.A. zero-carbon homesB. the behaviour of building usersC. sustainable building designD. the reduction of carbon emissions67. The underlined word “which” in Paragr aph 2 refers to”________.”A. the waysB. their homesC. developmentsD. existing efforts68. What are Katy Janda’s words mainly about?A. The importance of changing building users, habits.B. The necessity of making a careful building design.C. The variety of consumption patterns of building users.D. The role of technology in improving energy efficiency.69. The information gap in energy use _______.A. can be bridged by feedback facilitiesB. affects the study on energy monitorsC. brings about problems for smart metersD. will be caused by building users’ old habits70. What does the dimension added by social science research suggest?A. The social science research is to be furthered.B. The education programme is under discussion.C. The behaviour of building users is unpredictable.D. The behaviour preference of building users is similar.66. 【答案】B 67. 【答案】D 68. 【答案】A 69. 【答案】A 70. 【答案】C 六（2018江苏卷）CMost damagingly, anger weakens a person's ability to think clearly and keep control over his behaviour. The angry person loses objectivity in evaluating the emotional significance of the person or situation that arouses his anger.Not everyone experiences anger in the same way; what angers one person may amuse another.The specific expression of anger also differs from person to person based on biological and cultaral forces. In contemporary culture, physical expressions of anger are generally considered too socially harmful tobe tolerated. We no longer regard duels(决战) as an appropriate expression of anger resulting from one person's awareness of insulting behaviour on the part of another.Anger can be identified in the brain, where the electrical activity changes. Under most conditions EEG (脑电图) measures of electrical activity show balanced activity between the right and left prefrontal (额叶前部) areas. Behaviourally this corresponds to the general even-handed disposition （意愿）that most of us possess most of the time. But when we are angry the EEG of the right and left prefrontal areas aren't balanced and. as a result of this, we're likely to react. And our behavioural response to anger is different from our response to other emotions, whether positive or negative.Most positive emotions are associated with approach behaviour: we move closer to people we like. Most negative emotions, in contrast, are associated with avoidance behaviour: we move away from people and things that we dislike or that make us anxious. But anger is an exception to this pattern. The angrier we are. the more likely we are to move towards the object of our anger. This corresponds to what psychologists refer to as offensive anger: the angry person moves closer in order to influence and control the person or situation causing his anger. This approach-and-confront behaviour is accompanied by a leftward prefrontal asymmetry (不对称) of EEG activity. Interestingly, this asymmetry lessens if the angry person can experience empathy (同感) towards the individual who is bringing forth the angry response. In defensive anger, in contrast, the EEG asymmetry is directed to the right and the angry person feels helpless in the face of the anger-inspiring sitaation.61. The "duels" example in Paragraph 2 proves that the expression of anger.A. usually has a biological basisB. varies among peopleC. is socially and culturally shapedD. influences one's thinking and evaluation62. What changes can be found in an angry brain?A. B alanced electrical activity can be spotted.B. Unbalanced patterns are found in prefrontal areas.C. Electrical activity corresponds to one's behaviour.D. Electrical activity agrees with one's disposition.63. Which of the following is typical of offensive anger?A. Approaching the source of anger.B. Trying to control what is disliked.C. Moving away from what is disliked.D. Feeling helpless in the face of anger.64. What is the key message of the last paragraph?A. How anger differs from other emotions.B. How anger relates to other emotions.C. Behavioural responses to anger.D. Behavioural patterns of anger.61. 【答案】C 62. 【答案】B 63. 【答案】A 64. 【答案】D七（2018辽宁卷）AA new study shows students who write notes by hand during lectures perform better on exams than those who use laptops（笔录本电脑）.Students are increasingly using laptops for note-taking because of speed and legibility（清楚度）. But the research has found laptop users are less able to remember and apply the concepts they have been taught.Researchers performed experiments that aimed to find out whether using a laptop increased the tendency to make notes “mindlessly” by taking down word for word what the professors said.In the first experiment, students were given either a laptop or pen and paper. They listened to the same lectures and were told to use their usual note-taking skills. Thirty minutes after the talk, they were examined on their ability to remember facts and on how well they understood concepts.The researchers found that laptop users took twice as many notes as those who wrote by hand. However, the typists performed worse at remembering and applying the concepts. Both groups scored similarly when it came tomemorizing facts.The researchers’ report said, “While more notes arc beneficial, if the notes are taken mindlessly, as is more likely the case on a laptop, the benefit disappears.”In another experiment aimed at testing long-term memory, students took notes as before but were tested a week after the lecture. This time, the students who wrote notes by hand performed significantly better on the exam.These two experiments suggest that handwritten notes arc not only better for immediate learning and understanding, but that they also lead to superior revision in the future.21. More and more students favor laptops for note-taking because they can .A. write more notesB. digest concepts betterC. get higher scoresD. understand lectures better22. While taking notes, laptop users tend to be .A. skillfulB. mindlessC. thoughtfulD. tireless23. T he author of the passage aims to .A. examine the importance of long-term memoryB. stress the benefit of taking notes by handC. explain the process of taking notesD. promote the use of laptops24. The passage is likely to appear in .A. a newspaper advertisementB. a computer textbookC. a science magazineD. a finance report21.【答案】A 22. 【答案】B 23. 【答案】B 24. 【答案】C八（2018辽宁卷）CWould it surprise you to learn that, like animals, trees communicate with each other and pass on their wealth to the next generation?UBC Professor Simard explains how trees are much more complex than most of us ever imagined. Although Charles Darwin thought that trees arc competing for survival of the fittest, Simard shows just how wrong he was. In fact, the opposite is true: trees survive through their co-operation and support, passing around necessary nutrition “depending on who needs it”.Nitrogen（氮）and carbon are shared through miles of underground fungi （真菌）networks, making sure that all trees in the forest ecological system give and receive just the right amount to keep them all healthy. This hidden system works in a very similar way to the networks of neurons（神经元）in our brains, and when one tree is destroyed, it affects all.Simard talks about “mother trees”, usually the l argest and oldest plants on which all other trees depend. She explains how dying trees pass on the wealth to the next generation, transporting important minerals to young trees so they may continue to grow. When humans cut down “mother trees” with no aware ness of these highly complex “tree societies” or the networks on which they feed, we are reducing the chances of survival for the entire forest.“We didn’t take any notice of it.” Simard says sadly. “Dying trees move nutrition into the young trees before d ying, but we never give them chance.” If we could put across the message to the forestry industry, we could make a huge difference towards our environmental protection efforts for the future. 29. T he underlined sentence “the opposite is true” in Paragraph 2 probablymeans that trees .A. compete for survivalB. protect their own wealthC. depend on each otherD. provide support for dying trees30. “Mother trees” are extremely important because they.A. look the largest in size in the forestB. pass on nutrition to young treesC. seem more likely to be cut down by humansD. know more about the complex “tree societies”31. T he underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refers to .A. how “tree societies” workB. how trees grow oldC. how forestry industry developsD. how young trees survive32. W hat would be the best title for the passage?A. Old Trees Communicate Like HumansB. Young Trees Are In Need Of ProtectionC. Trees Are More Awesome Thart You ThinkD. Trees Contribute To Our Society29. 【答案】C 30. 【答案】B 31. 【答案】A32. 【答案】C九（2018山东卷）DHow fit are your teeth? Are you lazy about brushing them? Never fear: An inventor is on the case. An electric toothbrush senses how long and how well you brush, and it lets you track your performance on your phone.The Kolibree toothbrush was exhibited at the International Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas this week. It senses how it is moved and can send the information to an Android phone or iPhone via a Bluetooth wireless connection.The toothbrush wi ll be able to teach you to brush right (don’t forget the insides of the teeth!) and make sure you’re brushing long enough. “It’s kind of like having a dentist actually watch your brushing on a day-to-day basis,” says Thomas Serval, the French inventor.The toothbrush will also be able to talk to other applications on your phone, so developers could, for instance, create a game controlled by your toothbrush. You could score points for beating monsters among your teeth. “We try to make it smart but also fun,” Several says.Serval says he was inspired by his experience as a father. He would comehome from work and ask his kids if they had brushed their teeth. They said “yes,” but Serval would find their toothbrush heads dry. He decided he needed a brush that really told him how well his children brushed.The company says the Kolibree will go on sale this summer, for $99 to $199, developing on features. The U.S. is the first target market.Serval says that one day, it’ll be possible to replace the brush on th e handle with a brushing unit that also has a camera. The camera can even examine holes in your teeth while you brush.56. Which is one of the feature of the Kolibree toothbrush?A. It can sense how users brush their teeth.B. It can track users’ school performance.C. It can detect users’ fear of seeing a dentist.D. It can help users find their phones.57. What can we learn from Serval’s words in Paragraph 3?A. You will find it enjoyable to see a dentist.B. You should see your dentist on a day-to –day basis.C. You can brush with the Kolibree as if guided by a dentist.D. You’d like a dentist to watch you brush your teeth every day.58. Which of the following might make the Kolibree toothbrush fun?A. It can be used to update mobile phones.B. It can be used to play mobile phone gamesC. It can send messages to other usersD. It can talk to its developers.59. What is Paragraph 5 mainly about?A. How Serval found out his kids lied to him.B. Why Serval thought brushing teeth was necessary.C. How Serval taught his kids to brush their teeth.D. What inspired Serval to invent the toothbrush60. What can we infer about Serval’s children?A. They were unwilling to brush their teethB. They often failed to clean their toothbrushes.C. They preferred to use a toothbrush with a dry head.D. They liked brushing their teeth after Serval came home.61. What can we learn about the future development of the Kolibree?A. The brush handle will be removed.B. A mobile phone will be built into it.C. It will be used to fill holes in teethD. It will be able to check users’ teeth56. 【答案】A 57. 【答案】C 58【答案】.B 59. 【答案】D 60. 【答案】A 61. 【答案】D十（2018四川卷）DWith around 100 students scheduled to be in that 9 am Monday morning lecture, it is no surprise that almost 20 people actually make it to the class and only 10 of them arc still awake after the first IS minutes; it is not even a surprise that most of them are still in their pyjamas (寝衣). Obviously, students are terrible at adjusting their sleep cycles to their daily schedule.All human beings possess a body clock. Along with other alerting (警报) systems, this governs the sleep/wake cycle and is therefore one of the main processes which govern sleep behaviour. Typically, the preferred sleep/wake cycle is delayed in adolescents, which leads to many students not feeling sleepy until much later in the evenings. This typical sleep pattern is usually referred to as the "night owl" schedule ofThis is opposed to the "early bird" schedule, and is a kind of disorder where the individual tends to stay up much past midnight. Such a person has great difficulty in waking up in the mornings. Research suggests that night owls feel most alert and function best in the evenings and at night. Research findings have shown that about 20 percent of people can be classified as "night owls" and only 10 percent can be classified as "early birds" - the other 70 percent are in the middle. Although this is clearly not true for all students, for the ones who are true night owls this gives them an excellent excuse for missing their lectures。
专题05 阅读理解(科普文章)-2018年高考英语母题题源系列(解析版)
母题五阅读理解【母题来源一】【2018·全国I】【母题原题】D【2018·全国I】We may think we're a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new, but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices(装置) well after they go out of s tyle. That’s bad news for the environment — and our wallets — as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things.To figure out how much power these devices are using, Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life — from when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the device. This method provided a readout for how home energy use has evolved since the early 1990s. Devices were grouped by generation — Desktop computers, basic mobile phones, and box-set TVs defined 1992. Digital cameras arrived on the scene in 1997. And MP3 players, smart phones, and LCD TVs entered homes in 2002, before tablets and e-readers showed up in 2007.As we accumulated more devices, however, we didn't throw out our old ones. "The living-room television is replaced and gets planted in the kids' room, and suddenly one day, you have a TV in every room of the house," said one researcher. The average number of electronic devices rose from four per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007. We're not just keeping these old devices — we continue to use them. According to the analysis of Babbitt's team, old desktop monitors and box TVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy consumption and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions（排放）more than doubling during the 1992 to 2007 window.So what's the solution（解决方案）? The team's data only went up to 2007, but the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one function, such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing. They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%.32. What does the author think of new devices?A. They are environment-friendly.B. They are no better than the old.C. They cost more to use at home.D. They go out of style quickly.33. Why did Babbitt's team conduct the research?A. To reduce the cost of minerals.B. To test the life cycle of a product.C. To update consumers on new technology.D. To find out electricity consumption of the devices.34. Which of the following uses the least energy?A. The box-set TV.B. The tablet.C. The LCD TV.D. The desktop computer.35. What does the text suggest people do about old electronic devices?A. Stop using them.B. Take them apart.C. Upgrade them.D. Recycle them.【答案】32. A 33. D 34. B 35. A33. 细节理解题。
专题03 阅读理解(故事类)-2018年高考英语母题题源系列(原卷版)
母题三阅读理解【母题来源一】【2018·天津】【母题原题】B【2018·天津卷】When I was 17, I read a magazine article about a museum called the McNay, once the home of a watercolorist named Marian McNay. She had requested the community to turn it into a museum upon her death. On a sunny Saturday, Sally and I drove over to the museum. She asked, "Do you have the address? ""No, but I'll recognize it, there was a picture in the magazine. ""Oh, stop. There it is!”The museum was free. We entered, excited. A group of people sitting in the hall stopped talking and stared at us."May I help you?" a man asked. "No, "I said. "We're fine.” Tour guides got on my nerves. What if they talked a long time about a painting you weren't that interested in? Sally had gone upstairs. The people in the hall seemed very nosy(爱窥探的), keeping their eyes on me with curiosity. What was their problem? I saw some nice sculptures in on e room. Suddenly I sensed a man standing behind me. "Where do you think you are? " he asked. I turned sharply. "The McNay Art M useum!" He smiled, shaking his head. "Sorry, the McNay is on New Braunfels Street." "What’s this place?” I asked, still confused. "Well, it's our home." My heart jolted(震颤). I raced to the staircase and called out, "Sally! Come down immediately! ""There's some really good stuff(艺术作品) up there." She stepped down, looking confused. I pushed her toward the front door, waving at the family, saying, "Sorry, please forgive us, you have a really nice place." Outside, when I told Sally what happened, she covered her mouth, laughing. She couldn't believe how long they let us look around without saying anything.The real McNay was splendid, but we felt nervous the whole time we were there. Van Gogh, Picasso. This time, we stayed together, in case anythin g else unusual happened.Thirty years later, a woman approached me in a public place. "Excuse me, did you ever enter a residence, long ago, thinking it was the McNay Museum?""Yes. But how do you know? We never told anyone.""That was my home. I was a teenager sitting in the hall. Before you came over, I never realized what a beautifulplace I lived in. I never felt lucky before. You thought it was a museum. My feelings about my home changed after that. I've always wanted to thank you."41. What do we know about Marian McNay?A. She was a painter.B. She was a community leader.C. She was a museum director.D. She was a journalist.42. Why did the author refuse the help from the man in the house?A. She disliked people who were nosy.B. She felt nervous when talking to strangers.C. She knew more about art than the man.D. She mistook him for a tour guide.43. How did the author feel about being stared at by the people in the hall?A. Puzzled.B. Concerned.C. Frightened.D. Delighted.44. Why did the author describe the real McNay museum in just a few words?A. The real museum lacked enough artwork to interest her.B. She was too upset to spend much time at the real museum.C. The McNay was disappointing compared with the house.D. The event happening in the house was more significant.45. What could we learn from the last paragraph?A. People should have good taste to enjoy life.B. People should spend more time with their family.C. People tend to be blind to the beauty around them.D. People tend to educate teenagers at a museum.【母题来源二】【2018·北京】【母题原题】A【2018·北京卷】My First Marathon（马拉松）A month before my first marathon, one of my ankles was injured and this meant not running for two weeks, leaving me only two weeks to train. Yet, I was determined to go ahead.I remember back to my 7th year in school. In my first P.E. class, the teacher required us to run laps and then hit a softball. I didn’t do either well. He later informed me that I was＂not athletic＂.The idea that I was ＂not athletic＂stuck with me for years. When I started running in my 30s, I realized running was a battle against myself, not about competition or whether or not I was athletic. It was all about the battle against my own body and mind. A test of wills!The night before my marathon, I dreamt that I couldn’t ev en find the finish line. I woke up sweating and nervous, but ready to prove something to myself.Shortly after crossing the start line, my shoe laces(鞋带) became untied. So I stopped to readjust. Not the start I wanted!At mile 3, I passed a sign: ＂GO FOR IT, RUNNERS!＂By mile 17, I became out of breath and the once injured ankle hurt badly. Despite the pain, I stayed the course walking a bit and then running again.By mile 21, I was starving!As I approached mile 23, I could see my wife waving a sign. She is my biggest fan. She never minded the alarm clock sounding at 4 a.m. or questioned my expenses on running.I was one of the final runners to finish. But I finished! And I got a medal. In fact, I got the same medal as the one that the guy who came in first place had.zxxkDetermined to be myself, move forward, free of shame and worldly labels(世俗标签), I can now call myselfa ＂marathon winner＂.36. A month before the marathon, the author ____________.A. was well trainedB. felt scaredC. made up his mind to runD. lost hope37. Why did the author mention the P.E. class in his 7th year?A. To acknowledge the support of his teacher.B. To amuse the readers with a funny story.C. To show he was not talented in sports.D. To share a precious memory.38. How was the author’s first marathon?A. He made it.B. He quit halfway.C. He got the first prize.D. He walked to the end.39. What does the story mainly tell us?A. A man owes his success to his family support.B. A winner is one with a great effort of will.C. Failure is the mother of success.D. One is never too old to learn.【命题意图】阅读理解从能力的角度来讲，考查学生运用英语的能力，具体地说，就是通过阅读有关文章提取有用信息的能力。
2018 高考英语全国卷 I 阅读理解 完形填空 翻译(共31张PPT)
首都城市自行车之旅华盛顿 特区. 时间：3小时 早上或下午，这次自行车之 旅是为新来者和当地人提供 的完美之旅，他们希望以最 小的努力以健康的方式体验 华盛顿特区。知识渊博的导 游将以总统，国会，纪念馆 和公园的最有趣的故事招待 你。舒适的自行车和平滑的 旅游线路（路线）使得骑车 之间的乐趣和放松。
华盛顿首府纪念碑自行车之旅 时长：3小时（4英里） 参加有导游陪同的自行车之旅， 并查看华盛顿特区一些最受欢 迎的古迹。探索国家广场上的 纪念碑和纪念馆，因为您的导 游在每个站点分享独特的事实 和历史。导游包括自行车，头 盔，饼干和瓶装水。
Capital City Bike Tour in Washington, D. C Duration: 3 hours Morning or Afternoon, this bike tour is the perfect tour for D. C. newcomers and locals looking to experience Washington, D.C. in a healthy way with minimum effort. Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most interesting stories about Presidents，Congress, memorials, and parks. Comfortable bikes and a smooth tour route(路线)make cycling between the sites fun and relaxing.
21. Which tour do you need to book in advance? A. Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C. B. Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour. C. Capital City Bike Tour in Washington, D. C D. Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour.
2018高考英语阅读理解真题大全
2018高考英语阅读理解真题大全(附详解)(总47页)--本页仅作为文档封面，使用时请直接删除即可----内页可以根据需求调整合适字体及大小--2018高考英语阅读理解真题大全（附详解）1.Summer ActivitiesStudents should read the list with their parents/careers, and select two activities they would like to do. Forms will be available in school and online for them to indicate their choices and return to school. Before choices are finalised, parents/careers will be asked to sign to confirm their（1）Which activity will you choose if you want to go camping?....（2）What will the students do on Tuesday with Mrs. Wilson?to London.a parade and fireworks.central Paris.the WWI battlefields.（3）How long does Potty about Potter last?days.days.days.week.of us love July because it’s the month when nature’s berries and stone fruits are in abundance. These colourful and sweet jewels form British Columbia’s fields are little powerhouses of nutritional protection.Of the common berries, strawberries are highest in vitamin C, although, because of their seeds, raspberries contain a little more protein (蛋白质), iron and zinc (not that fruits have much protein). Blueberries are particularly high in antioxidants (抗氧化物质). The yellow and orange stone fruits such as peaches are high in the carotenoids we turn into vitamin A and which are antioxidants. As for cherries (樱桃), they are so delicious who caresHowever, they are rich in vitamin C.When combined with berries of slices of other fruits, frozen bananas make an excellent base for thick, cooling fruit shakes and low fat “ice cream”. For this purpose, select ripe bananas for freezing as they are much sweeter. Remove the skin and place them in plastic bags or containers and freeze. If you like, a squeeze of fresh lemon juice on the bananas will prevent them turning brown. Frozen bananas will last several weeks, depending on their ripeness and the temperature of the freezer.If you have a juicer, you can simply feed in frozen bananas and some berries or sliced fruit. Out comes a “soft-serve” creamy dessert, to be eaten right away. This makes a fun activity for a children’s party; they love feeding the fruit and frozen bananas into the top of the machine and watching the ice cream come out below.（1）What does the author seem to like about cherries?contain protein.are high in vitamin A.have a pleasant taste.are rich in antioxidants.（2）Why is fresh lemon juice used in freezing bananas?make them smell better.keep their colour.speed up their ripening.improve their nutrition.（3）What is “a juicer” in the last paragraph?dessert.drink.container.machine.（4）From which is the text probably taken?biology textbook.health magazine.research paper.travel brochure.and younger children are reading a lot less for fun, according to a Common Sense Media report published Monday.While the decline over the past decade is steep for teen readers, some data in the report shows that reading remains a big part of many children’s lives, and indicates how parents might help encourage more reading.According to the report’s key findings, “the proportion (比例) who say they ‘hardly ever’ read for fun has gone from 8 percent of 13-year-olds and 9 percent of 17-year-olds in 1984 to 22 percent and 27 percent respectively today.”The report data shows that pleasure reading levels for younger children, ages 2—8, remain largely the same. But the amount of time spent in reading each session has declined, from closer to an hour or more to closer to a half hour per session.When it comes to technology and reading, the report does little to counsel(建议) parents looking for data about the effect of e-readers and tablets on reading. It does point out that many parents still limit electronic reading, mainly due to concerns about increased screen time.The most hopeful data shared in the report shows clear evidence of parents serving as examples and important guides for their kids when it comes to reading. Data shows that kids and teens who do read frequently, compared to infrequent readers, have more books in the home, more books purchased for them, parents who read more often, and parents who set aside time for them to read.As the end of school approaches, and school vacation reading lists loom(逼近) ahead, parents might take this chance to step in and make their own summer reading list and plan a family trip to the library or bookstore.（1）What is the Common Sense Media report probably about?’s reading habits.of children’s books.’s after-class activities.relationships.（2）Where can you find the data that best supports "children are reading a lot less for fun"paragraph 2.paragraph 3.paragraph 4.paragraph 5.（3）Why do many parents limit electronic reading?are of poor quality.could be a waste of time.may ha rm children’s health.are expensive.（4）How should parents encourage their children to read more?as role models for them.then to write book reports.up reading groups for them.with their reading class teachers.’ve all been there: in a lift, in lin e at the bank or on an airplane, surrounded by people who are, like us, deeply focused on their smartphones or, worse, struggling with the uncomfortable silence.What’s the problemIt’s possible that we all have compromised conversational intelligence. It’s more likely that none of us start a conversation because it’s awkward and challenging, or we think it’s annoying and unnecessary. But the next time you find yourself among strangers, consider that small talk is worth the trouble. Experts say it’s an inv aluable social practice that results in big benefits.Dismissing small talk as unimportant is easy, but we can’t forget that deep relationships wouldn’teven exist if it weren’t for casual conversation. Small talk is the grease(润滑剂) for social communication, says Bernardo Carducci, director of the Shyness Research Institute at Indiana University Southeast. ＂Almost every great love story and each big business deal begins with small talk,＂ he explains. ＂The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect with others, not just communicate with them.＂In a 2014 study, Elizabeth Dunn, associate professor of psychology at UBC, invited people on their way into a coffee shop. One group was asked to seek out an interaction(互动) with its waiter; the other, to speak only when necessary. The results showed that those who chatted with their server reported significantly higher positive feelings and a better coffee shop experience. ＂It’s not that talking to the waiter is better than talking to your husband,＂ says Dunn. ＂But interactions with peripheral(边缘的) members of our social network matter for our well-being also.＂Dunn believes that people who reach out to strangers feel a significantly greater sense of belonging, a bond with others. Carducci believes developing such a sense of belonging starts with small talk. ＂Small talk is the basis of good manners,＂ he says.（1）What phenomenon is described in the first paragraph?to smartphones.behaviours in public places.of communication between strangers.with slow service.（2）What is important for successful small talk according to Carducci?good manners.to other people.on a topic.business deals.（3）What does the coffee-shop study suggest about small talk?improves family relationships.raises people’s confid ence.matters as much as a formal talk.makes people feel good.（4）What is the best title for the text?Countsof Making Small Talkof Small TalkSilence5.根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
(完整版)2018年高考英语全国卷1word版含参考答案及解析
2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（全国卷1)英语第一部分听力 (共两节，满分30分做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。
录音内容结束后,你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共5小题;每小题1。
5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项.听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题.每段对话仅读一遍。
例: How much is the shirt?A. £19。
15. B。
£ 9。
18. C. £ 9.15.答案是C。
1。
What will James do tomorrow？A。
Watch a TV program。
B. Give a talk。
C. Write a report. 2。
What can we say about the woman？A。
She’s generous。
B。
She’s curious.C。
She's helpful. 3。
When does the train leave?A. At 6:30。
B。
At 8：30. C。
At 10：304。
How does the woman go to work?A. By car B。
On foot C。
By bike.5. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?A. Classmates. B。
Teacher and student. C. Doctor and patient。
第二节（共15小题; 每小题1.5分。
满分22。
5分)听下面5段对话或独白。
每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟,听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。
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母题一阅读理解（科普阅读）【母题来源一】【2018·天津】【母题原题】【2018·天津】CThere’s a new frontier in 3D printing that’s beginning to come into focus: food. Recent development has made possible machines that print, cook, and serve foods on a mass scale. And the industr y isn’t stopping there.Food productionWith a 3D printer, a cook can print complicated chocolate sculptures and beautiful pieces for decoration on a wedding cake. Not everybody can do that — it takes years of experience, but a printer makes it easy. A restaurant in Spain uses a Foodini to “re-create forms and pieces” of food that are “exactly the same,” freeing cooks to complete other tasks. In another restaurant, all of the dishes and desserts it serves are 3D-printed,rather than farm to table. Sustainability(可持续性）The global population is expected to grow to 9.6 billion by 2050, and some analysts estimate that food production will need to be raised by 50 percent to maintain current levels. Sustainability is becoming a necessity. 3D food printing could probably contribute to the solution. Some experts believe printers could use hydrocolloids (水解胶体) from plentiful renewables like algae(藻类) and grass to replace the familiar ingredients(烹饪原料). 3D printing can reduce fuel use and emissions. Grocery stores of the future might stock "food" that lasts years on end, freeing up shelf space and reducing transportation and storage requirements.NutritionFuture 3D food printers could make processed food healthier. Hod Lipson, a professor at Columbia University, said, “Food printing could allow consumers to print food with customized nutritional content, like vitamins. So instead of eating a piece of yesterday’s bread from the supermarket, you’d eat something baked just for you on demand.”ChallengesDespite recent advancements in 3D food printing, the industry has many challenges to overcome. Currently, most ingredients must be changed to a paste(糊状物) before a printer can use them, and the printing process is quite time-consuming, because ingredients interact with each other in very complex ways. On top of that, most of the 3D food printers now are restricted to dry ingredients, because meat and milk products may easily go bad. Some expertsare skeptical about 3D food printers, believing they are better suited for fast food restaurants than homes and high-end restaurants.5．What benefit does 3D printing bring to food production?A. It helps cooks to create new dishes.B. It saves time and effort in cooking.C. It improves the cooking conditions.D. It contributes to restaurant decorations.6．What can we learn about 3D food printing from Paragraphs 3?A. It solves food shortages easily.B. It quickens the transportation of food.C. It needs no space for the storage of food.D. It uses renewable materials as sources of food.7．According to Paragraph 4, 3D-printed food ________.A. is more available to consumersB. can meet individual nutritional needsC. is more tasty than food in supermarketsD. can keep all the nutrition in raw materials8．What is the main factor that prevents 3D food printing from spreading widely?A. The printing process is complicated.B. 3D food printers are too expensive.C. Food materials have to be dry.D. Some experts doubt 3D food printing.9．What could be the best title of the passage?A. 3D Food Printing: Delicious New TechnologyB. A New Way to Improve 3D Food PrintingC. The Challenges for 3D Food ProductionD. 3D Food Printing: From Farm to Table【命题意图】阅读理解从能力的角度来讲，考查学生运用英语的能力，具体地说，就是通过阅读有关文章提取有用信息的能力。
【考试方向】阅读理解所选的语段包括叙述文、说明文、应用文和议论文，继续保持了体裁的多样化特点。
选材多源于英文报刊和网络媒体，包括广告应用文、日常生活、新闻报道、社会背景、政治经济、科普文章等各个方面的知识，并且具有鲜明的英语语言文化特点和浓厚的时代气息。
综合地反映了政治、经济、文化和生活的各个方面，体现了“语言是文化的载体”这一重要理念；从题型的角度看，阅读题型主要有、细节理解型、主旨大意型、词义猜测型、推理判断型、篇章结构型、细节理解型。
【得分要点】从解题方法的角度讲，根据不同的题材和体裁，结合阅读的题型特点，采用不同的阅读方法，但不论怎样，理解文章的内容的前提。
从题型的角度看，阅读题型主要有、细节理解型、主旨大意型、词义猜测型、推理判断型、篇章结构型、细节理解型。
【精准对接】天津卷的科普文章是关于3D打印技术的文章。
网站3D打印技术的文章和高考题相似度很高。
【母题1】【山东省枣庄市2018届高三上学期第一次模拟】3D printing is becoming more and more popular. We are now able to create things we need very quickly and easily using 3D printers. But can you imagine printing food?Some scientists are trying to revolutionize the dining experience by doing this. They hope that having a 3D printer in the kitchen will be as common as the microwave oven or blender.Scientists say that it’ll be quite easy: you simply have to select a recipe and put the raw food ‘inks’ into the printer. You can also modify the instructions to make the food exactly how you want it. This means that it would be very quick and easy to create tasty and nutritious meals.Using 3D printers to create your meals would also be saving the environment. There would be less need for traditional growing, transporting and packaging processes as food production would be a lot more efficient. For example, alternative ingredients(原料) such as proteins from algae, beetroot leaves and insects could be converted into tasty products.Printing food could also help people who suffer from dysphasia (a swallowing disorder). They could program the printer to print softer versions of their favorite foods so that they would not have trouble in swallowing them. However, some people think that a future of 3D food printing would be a disaster. It could take away many jobs, including those fro growing, transporting and packaging food. Imagine a world where there was no need for farming or growing crops and the same tastes could be printed from a raw “food ink”. Likewise, traditional cafes andrestaurants might lose business. Also, there are concerns about the nutritional value of printed food: is it really possible to be get the nutrients we need from food –based inks and gels(凝胶)?What’s more , cooking and eating together with family and friends has long been a traditional and enjoyable activity. It is hard to imagine a world where the pleasure of cooking is dead and meals can be created at the touch of a button.1．Which of the following best describes 3D food printing?A. Quick and popular.B. Easy and efficient.C. Nutritious and tasty.D. Soft and convenient.2．Why do some think that 3D food printing would be a disaster?A. Traditional food would disappear.B. Many people could lose their jobs.C. It would affect the people’s health.D. We could all eat the same food.3．What can we infer from the last paragraph?A. 3D food printing will replace traditional cooking.B. The future of 3D food printing is uncertain.C. It would hurt our tradition of food culture.D. 3D food printing would be a failure.4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A. 3D food “printing”: coming to the kitchenB. Can 3D printing create everything?C. 3D—printing food will be in fashion!D. The disadvantage of 3D food printing【母题2】二轮复习测试专项 2018届高三二轮复习英语精品资料专题7 阅读理解Ⅳ：篇章结构题The Indian government may use 3D paintings as virtual speed-breakers on major highways arid roads, in an attempt to check speeding and careless driving, and eventually make its deadly roads a little safer. “We are trying out 3D paintings used as virtual speed breakers to avoid unnecessary requirements of speed breakers,” India's transportminister Nitin Gadkari tweeted.The visual illusions (幻象）are supposed to encourage drivers to slow down automatically. Earlier this month, India had ordered the removal of all speed breakers from highways, which are considered to be a danger to safety for high-speed vehicles.India has the highest number of road accident deaths in the world. According to the World Health Organisation, over 200,00 people are killed by road accidents due to poor application of road safety laws. This is considerably higher than its official figures of 141,526 for 2014.The use of visual illusions as speed breakers was first pioneered in the American city of Philadelphia in 2008, as part of a campaign against speeding motorists. The technique has also been tried out in China to create floating 3D crossings.In India, cities such as Ahmedabad and Chennai have already experimented with 3D zebra crossings in the last one year. In Ahmedabad for instance, two artists, mother and daughter have painted 3D crosswalks in the first few months of this year. The artists say their motto is “to increase the attention of drivers”, and that the concept has been successfully tested in zones where accidents easily occur on a highway.”However, critics argue that once drivers know that these speed breakers arc visual illusions, they may ignore them. Others also point out that India's decision does not consider the safety of a large number of walkers. In the end, the new policy may be just one step towards improving road safety.The author explains the experiment of 3D zebra crossings in India by ________.A. giving examplesB. analysing causesC. providing figuresD. making comparisons【母题3】【四川省广安、眉山、内江、遂宁2018届高三第二次诊断性】Can you imagine printing food? Some scientists are trying to revolutionize the dining experience by doing this. They hope that having a 3D printer in the kitchen will become as commonplace as the microwave. Scientists say that they are easy to use: you simply have to select a recipe and put the raw food "inks" into the printer. You can also change the instructions to make the food exactly how you want it. This means that it would be very quick and easy to create tasty and nutritious meals.They say that if people used 3D printers to create meals there would be less need for traditional growing, transporting and packaging processes as food production would be a lot easier. For example, alternative ingredients (原料) such as proteins from insects could be changed into tasty products. And as is known, those traditionalactivities are not beneficial to our surroundings.This technology could also help people who suffer from dysphagia (a swallowing disorder). The patients could program the printer and softer versions would be made so that they would not have trouble swallowing them. However, some people think that using 3D-printed foods would be a disaster. It could take away many jobs, including those for growing, transporting and packaging food. Imagine a world where there was no need for farming or growing crops and the same tastes could be printed from a raw "food ink". Likewise, traditional cafes and restaurants might lose business. Also, there are concerns about the nutritional value of printed food: is it really possible to get the nutrients we need from food-based inks?What's more, cooking and eating together with family and friends has long been a traditional and enjoyable activity. It is hard to imagine a world where the pastime of cooking is dead and meals can be created at the touch of a button. 11．What do scientists think of 3D food printing?A. It is cheap to use it.B. It is environment-friendly.C. It is advancing quickly.D. It needs improving.12．What does the underlined part in Paragraph 3 refer to?A. The printed foods.B. Their favorite foods.C. The more nutritious foods.D. The more tasty foods.13．What can we infer about the printed foods from Paragraph 4?A. Their raw "food inks" are more nutritional.B. People would get more jobs produced by them.C. People need more evidence about their nutrition.D. They would be bought in traditional restaurants.14．What is the best title for the text?A. The growth of 3D food printingB. The future of 3D food printingC. The 3D food printing businessD. The two sides of 3D food printing【母题4】【河南省洛阳市2018届高三第三次统一考】Amazing concept images have shown what homes of the future could look like, as preparations are made for the world’s first freefrom 3D-printed property (房产).Experts will build a house called Curve Appeal, which will be 3D-printed off-site before being put together on-site to create two outside walls, a roof and an inside part. These four main sections will then be joined together.Although 3D-printed buildings have been made before, this home - to be constructed in Chattanooga, Tennessee, later this year — will be the first of its kind, as it will contain no regular shapes or angles. The house is the creation of the design company WATG, based in London and California. The design for Curve Appeal draws inspiration from the Case Study House program.The architects leading the program were famed for constantly pushing the limits in terms of minimalist (极简主义) materials, and trying to create open-plan spaces that focused on enhancing (增强) natural light. In a written statement, a spokesman for W ATG said, “Employing many of the same modem design principles, Curve Appeal is the next evolutionary step. It’s important that the architecture and the environment work together harmoniously. The chosen site is steps away from the Tennessee River in a beautiful wooded, sunlit area.”WATG was awarded the first prize in the Freeform Home Design Challenge in 2016 and given prize money of $ 8,000 to make its plans a reality. The competition was aimed at architects, designers, engineers and artists. Participants were challenged to design a 600 to 800sq ft single-family home that rethinks traditional aesthetics (美学), ergonomics, construction, building systems and structure.Over the last year, WATG’s Chicago office has been developing their design with Branch Technology. This project is currently underway, working towards breaking ground later this year. Once completed, the Curve Appeal home will have open and light-filled inside living spaces.15．From the passage we can know that Curve Apple .A. will be different from an ordinary houseB. is the first 3D-printed buildingC. has apparent walls and a roofD. was ever built in the world16．Where is the architect located according to Paragraph 4?A. Far away from the Tennessee River.B. In the woods near the Tennessee River.C. Between the Tennessee River and the woods.D. Next to some modem architectures.17．What does the Freeform Home Design Challenge do?A. It motivates participants to design at random.B. It emphasizes traditions rather than modernization.C. It sponsors competitors when necessary.D. It helps put creative ideas into practice.18．What’s the passage mainly about?A. What our homes will look like in the future.B. The Freeform Home Design Challenge.C. The world’s first freeform 3D-printed house.D. The development of 3D in architecture.【母题5】【安徽省皖南八校2018届高三第三次联考（4月）】Astronauts on the International Space Station (ISS) may soon be able to turn their used forks and knives into tools and satellite parts.Tethers Unlimited Inc., an aerospace technology company, has developed a system that combines a waste recycling machine with a 3D printer.Astronauts will put waste items made of plastic into the recycling machine, called the Poistrusion Recycler. When they press a button, the Recycler will melt down the plastic and turn it into 3D filament (长丝).The filament will e used in a 3D printer on the ISS-called the Refabricator-to make tools, spare parts and satellite components.The waste will come from packaging materials, food containers, trays and eating utensils (器具) used on the ISS. Astronaut currently use disposable wet wipes to clean their food containers and utensils. The used wipes are stored as trash (垃圾), and replacement wipes must be sent up to the ISS on cargo missions.By recycling old food containers and utensils, astronauts will reduce the amount of trash they produce. To get rid of trash from the ISS, astronaut load it into empty cargo capsules (航天舱) and release it into space. The capsules burn up when they enter Earth’s atmosphere.Turning trash into useful new items will also help NASA save money because astronauts will need fewer supplies. It costs about $ 6,000 for every kilogram launched into orbit. These benefits will be even more important for longer missions in the future-such as the two-year journey to Mars. Astronauts will be able to recycle old waste materials into new tools and parts as they need them.Tethers have successfully tested the systems in its laboratory. They will test it on the ISS in late 2018. The company is also developing a version of the system for use here on Earth.19．What material are the forks and knives for astronauts made of?A. Gold.B. IronC. Plastic.D. Wood.20．At present, the astronauts mainly get supplies by .A. 3D printersB. reusing the old onesC. collecting from the spaceD. the capsules launched from the earth21．What can the new technology help the astronauts do?A. Reuse the trash.B. Send the trash to Mars.C. Take the trash to the earth.D. Load the trash into empty capsules and throw it away.22．What is the biggest benefit of the new technology mentioned in the text?A. It can save some space for the ISS.B. It can gave more time for the astronauts.C. It can provide more conditions to explore space.D. It can help to reduce the journey from Earth to Mars.【母题6】【2018年4月2018届高三第二次全国大联考】Urban biking requires entirely different bikes than suburban biking does and therefore a Bike Design Project started where five design studios across five cities had to come up with a perfect urban bike. The winning bike will be produced for a limited run of 100 bikes and will be in stores next year. Industry, a Portland-based studio came up with a very interesting bike: one that uses bluetooth and handlebars that tell you when to stop or turn.Industry worked together with Ti Cycles to create a bike with a 3D printed frame. The bike is called Solid and can connect to a smartphone app: My Bike. This app alarms a user when a light needs replacement and if something gets wrong with one’s brakes. There is also s oftware called Discover My City, which has a series of routes through Portland’s most trendy neighborhoods, with suggestions about where to eat and shop.However, the idea with cycling is that you need to focus on the road and not on your smartphone. This bike therefore uses feedback(反馈) on handlebars. Those handlebars tell a user when to turn, as they will buzz when a turn appears. As you’re getting closer, they will buzz more frequently. And then there’s the possibility to control your light via built-in sensors and change the chain by pressing an electronic button. Yes, a bike for superman.Although the bicycle looks highly interesting and can be seen as a piece of art for the designing world, we don’tknow if we would like our bike to have an automatic b uzz when we’re approaching a turn. On the other side: it could add some extra safety to traffic in general. Whether you like the bike or not, you have to admit the Portland-based studio brings the concept of urban biking to a whole new level.23．What can we know about the Bike Design Project?A. It only produced one hundred bikes.B. It was to inspire people to cycle.C. Its aim was to invent a kind of city bike.D. It was a worldwide project.24．How can the user change the chain?A. By using the handlebar.B. By looking at the feedback.C. By controlling the light.D. By pressing an electronic button.25．What is the advantage of the new bike?A. It is much safer.B. It is lighter.C. It moves faster.D. It is low-cost.26．What might be the best title for the text?A. Urban Biking Is Taking over the RoadB. This 3D Printed Bike Tells You DirectionsC. The Smart Bike Will Change the TrafficD. This 3D Printed Bike Is Changing Our Life【母题7】【广东省茂名市2018届高三上学期第一次综合测试（一模）】Best Smartphone Games To Put Your Brain To TestI am a fan of blood shedding MMORPGs. But sometimes I play brain games. Here are four games for you that will surely put your brain to test.Real ChessChess has been bursting brains for over 14 centuries, and this virtual vari ant of chess really brings a new taste. It’s a 3D virtual chess that lets you play with users from all around the world.You can chat with opponents, play with AI, get newbie tips and much more. The animations and 3D structures are really cool as well.Juice CubesJuice Cubes is a light and colorful game full of fruity juice cubes that you need to connect to pop and clear levels. There are multiple types of challenges, powerups, and over 550+ levels to keep you addicted.It might seem easy at the start, but it will burst your brain when you reach higher levels.WordBrain 2A really fun word game where you need to guess words based on the number of letters provided. Each word puzzle has a theme category, such as food, human body, color, or even space.And you can also use hints to solve the level when you get stuck. Your vocabulary is sure to be challenged in it. PuzzleramaPuzzlerama basically joins some of the top puzzles in one single app, making it a perfect app for puzzle lovers. It lets you play popular puzzle games such as flow, jigsaw, unblock, pipes, tangram, and more. There are hundreds of levels available for each puzzle type and things get really tough as you advance.The game interface is also very colorful, and smooth animations make the game fun to play.27．What is special about Real chess?A. It is a light and colorful game.B. It is a funny word game.C. It is a 3D virtual chess game.D. It has hundreds of levels.28．If you’re good at guessing words, which game is the best choice?A. Real Chess.B. Juice Cubes.C. WordBrain 2.D. Puzzlerama.29．Which games are likey to have bright and different colors in the interface design?A. Real Chess&WordBrain 2B. Juice Cubes & WordBrain 2C. WordBrain 2 & PuzzleramaD. Puzzlerama & Juice Cubes【母题8】【安徽省安庆市第一中学2018届高三第三次模拟】The United Arab Emirates (UAE) is mostly a desert. However, this has not stopped the country from creating great building projects. On September 26, UAE officials announced another ambitious project —Mars Science City. Expansive deserts and miles of coastline provide plenty of options for safe rocket launches (发射). And its position on the Earth makes it especially appealing as the spin of the Earth provides an extra push, meaning less fuel is needed to get payloads into orbit. All these seem to make it possible.The Mars City Project, designed by Bjarke Ingels Group, or BIG, will provide a realistic model to simulate (模仿) living on the surface of Mars, the red planet. It is part of the UAE’s Mars 2117 Project to lead the global race to land humans on Mars and be the first to build a settlement there. Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid, Prime Minister and ruler of Dubai, says, “The UAE seeks international support to develop technologies that benefit humans, and lay thefoundati on of a better future for more generations to come.”Built outside Dubai, the 1.9 million square feet city is expected to cost $135 million. It will consist of several dome-shaped laboratories, similar to the ones imagined for the first Mars settlers. Scientists from around the word will be invited to conduct research to come up with methods to create food, water and energy, using techniques which can be copied onto the red planet. The living spaces, where the researchers can live for up to a year, will simulate the planet’s conditions as much as possible.The research city will also include a museum featuring famous space achievements to help educate and inspire children to undertake space exploration and discovery. To discover whether the construction method works on Mars, the museum’s walls will be 3D printed using the sand from the nearby desert. Now, if they would only add some living quarters for the general public to experience life on Mars without leaving Earth, life would be perfect. 30．What can we conclude about the United Arab Emirates?A. It is short of fine weather.B. It is a nice place for launching.C. It can provide adequate fuel supply.D. It has the greatest architects in the world.31．What will scientists do in the laboratories?A. Educate visitors on trips to Mars.B. Develop the Mars settlers’ imagination.C. Find ways to produce food, water and energy on Mars.D. Create a climate-controlled environment for future use.32．Why will the museum’s walls be 3D printed?A. To show famous space techniques.B. To make full use of the nearby desert.C. To inspire children to love exploration.D. To test building skills used by Mars settlers.33．What’s the best title for the text?A. UAE to Build Mars Science CityB. UAE’s Great Exploration of MarsC. UAE to Build First Mars SettlementD. UAE’s Scientistific Contribution to Humans。