Inventory Management
Inventory management
专利名称：Inventory management发明人：Matthias Heinrichs,Pascale VanLaethem,Markus Seng,Achim Heger申请号：US10159599申请日：20020531公开号：US20030204480A1公开日：20031030专利内容由知识产权出版社提供专利附图：摘要：Methods and apparatus, including computer program products, implementing and using techniques for inventory management. managing data items in an inventory management system. A request to add a data item to the inventory management systemis received. The data item has an associated set of attributes to be represented in the inventory management system. It is determined whether the inventory management system includes a structure in which the data item and the set of attributes associated with the data item can be represented. If no structure exists in which the data item and the set of attributes associated with the data item can be represented, a new structure is automatically defined in which the data item and the set of attributes associated with the data item can be represented. The data item and the set of attributes associated with the data item is added to the defined new structure.申请人：HEINRICHS MATTHIAS,LAETHEM PASCALE VAN,SENG MARKUS,HEGER ACHIM 更多信息请下载全文后查看。
库存管理系统设计与实现-英语论文
库存管理系统设计与实现-英语论文1. IntroductionInventory management plays a crucial role in the success of any organization. It involves the control and monitoring of goods and materials that a company holds in stock. Effective inventory management ensures that the right products are available at the right time, in the right quantity, and atthe right cost. In this paper, we present a comprehensivestudy on the design and implementation of a state-of-the-art inventory management system.2. Overview of Inventory Management2.1 Importance of Inventory ManagementInventory management is essential to meet customer demand, optimize cash flow, minimize stockouts, reduce carrying costs, and improve overall operational efficiency.2.2 Challenges in Inventory ManagementManaging inventory is not without its challenges. Some common challenges include demand forecasting errors, inaccurate data entry leading to discrepancies between physical stock and system records, lack of real-time visibility into inventory levels across multiple locations or warehouses, inefficient order fulfillment processes resulting in delayed shipments or stockouts.3. Designing an Effective Inventory Management System3.1 System Requirements AnalysisBefore designing an inventory management system, it iscrucial to conduct a thorough analysis of businessrequirements such as demand forecasting methods, order fulfillment processes, lead time variability analysis, safety stock levels determination methods.3.2 Database DesignA well-designed database is essential for storing and retrieving accurate inventory data efficiently. The database should include tables for products/items master data such as SKU (Stock Keeping Unit), description, cost price; transactional data such as purchase orders (PO), sales orders (SO), stock transfers; safety stock levels; supplier information; customer information; etc.3.3 User Interface DesignA user-friendly interface plays a vital role in ensuring easy adoption and efficient usage of an inventory management system by employees across different departments within an organization.4.Implementation of Inventory Management System4 1 Technology SelectionThe choice of technology stack for implementing an inventory management system depends on various factors such as scalability, security, ease of integration with existing systems, and budget considerations. Some commonly used technologies include Java, .NET, Python, and cloud-based solutions such as Amazon Web Services (AWS) or Microsoft Azure.4.2 System IntegrationIntegration with other enterprise systems such as Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems, Customer RelationshipManagement (CRM) systems, and Point of Sale (POS) systems is crucial for seamless data flow and real-time visibility into inventory levels.4.3 Testing and Quality AssuranceThorough testing of the inventory management system is essential to identify and rectify any bugs or issues before deployment. This includes unit testing, integration testing, system testing, performance testing to ensure the system can handle peak loads efficiently.5. Benefits of Implementing an Inventory Management System5.1 Improved Inventory AccuracyBy implementing an inventory management system that provides real-time visibility into stock levels across multiple locations or warehouses, organizations can ensure accurate inventory records.5.2 Cost ReductionEffective inventory management helps organizations reduce carrying costs associated with excess stock while minimizing stockouts that can lead to lost sales.5.3 Enhanced Customer SatisfactionBy ensuring the availability of products when customers need them through efficient order fulfillment processes enabled by an inventory management system leads to improved customer satisfaction levels.6.ConclusionIn conclusion, a well-designed and implemented inventory management system is essential for organizations to optimizetheir supply chain processes while ensuring customer satisfaction through improved product availability. By considering the various aspects discussed in this paper such as requirements analysis, database design,user interface design,and implementation considerations,it is possible to develop a high-quality inventory management system that meets the specific needs of any organization.。
InventoryManagement仓储管理课件
Begin End order order receipt receipt
Time
•InventoryManagement仓储管理
•12-20
•InventoryManagement仓储管理
•12-3
Inventory and Supply Chain Management
Bullwhip effect
demand information is distorted as it moves away from the end-use customer
▪ Ordering cost
▪ cost of replenishing inventory
▪ Shortage cost
▪ temporary or permanent loss of sales when demand cannot be met
•InventoryManagement仓储管理
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▪ Demand is known with certainty and is constant over time
▪ No shortages are allowed ▪ Lead time for the receipt of orders is
物流专业英语 第四章
Transit inventory
… from the need to transport items or material from one location to another. goods on their way
Speculative inventory投机库存
… is in excess of their current need for a possible future event. 购入超过他 们目前实际所需数量的库存来应付未来可能 发生的事件。 Such events may include a price increase, a seasonal increase in demand. 例如价格上涨，季节性需求的增 加
ALSO INCLUDE:
goods in transit (when volume is
considerable and transport times long) 在途库存 (when it is an integrated part of the main business, such as return paper, plastics or bottles, where volume is considerable) 包装物、废弃物、可循环利用 产品
Safety (buffer) inventory
… is held in addition to cycle stock to guard against uncertainty in demand and/or lead time. 为了应对需求和提前期 的不确定性而持有的库存。 This occurs because the firm suffers fewer “stock-outs”. 缺货可能性减少。
CH08-Inventory Management
Cycle time
95%
Input Wait for inspection Wait to be moved Move time Wait in queue for operator Setup time
5%
Run time Output
• Anticipation or seasonal inventory • Fluctuation Inventory or Safety stock: buffer demand fluctuations • Lot-size or cycle stock: take advantage of quantity discounts or purchasing efficiencies
• Provide for cost-efficient operations: Buffer stock for smooth production flow Maintain a level work force Allowing longer production runs & quantity discounts • Minimum inventory investments: Inventory turnover Weeks, days, or hours of supply
• Plot the cumulative annual dollar value in inventory versus the cumulative items in inventory • Divides inventory into three classes based on annual dollar volume Class A - high annual dollar volume Class B - medium annual dollar volume Class C - low annual dollar volume
InventoryManagement运营管理英文版
¨Holding, Ordering, and Setup Costs
¨Inventory Models for Independent Demand
¨Basic Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) Model
¨Minimizing Costs
¨Reorder Points Model
¨ABC Analysis ¨Record Accuracy ¨Cycle Counting ¨Control of Services Inventory
Transparency Masters to accompany Operations Management, 5E (Heizer & Render)
Transparency Masters to accompany Operations Management, 5E (Heizer & Render)
12-10
?1998 by Prentice Hall, Inc.
A Simon & Schuster Company Upper Saddle River, N.J. 07458
ABC Analysis
¨Divides on-hand inventory into 3 classes
¨ A class, B class, C class
¨Basis is usually annual $ volume
¨ $ volume = Annual demand x Unit cost
A Simon & Schuster Company Upper Saddle River, N.J. 07458
Outline
¨Global Company Profile: Harley-Davidson ¨Functions of Inventory
《库存管理整理》PPT课件
7
二、库存的作用
弊：
占用资金 带 来 库 存 成 本 (利息、储藏保 管费用、 保险 费用、价值损失 费用) 掩 盖 生 产 经 营 中的问题 腐 烂 变 质 的 损 失及跌价损失
19
最大最小系统
是一种固定间隔期系统，只不过它需要确定一个订货 点s。当经过时间间隔t时，如果库存量降到s及以下， 则发出订货；否则，再经过时间t后，再考虑是否发出 订货。
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五、对库存管理的要求
库存记录系统
• 周期性系统，一般小杂货店多采用周期系统 • 及时的(连续的)系统,银行的存款和取款，是及时记录库存变化系
11
库存问题的分类（续）
独立需求库存与相关需求库存
• 来自用户的对企业产品和服务的需求称为独立需求。 独立需求最明显的特征是需求的对象和数量不确定， 只能通过预测方法粗略地估计。
• 企业内部物料转化各环节之间所发生的需求称为相关 需求。相关需求也称为非独立需求,它可以按对最终产 品的独立需求精确地计算出来
垂直相关 水平相关
12
库存问题的分类（续）
独立需求
来自用户对企业产品
和服务的需求
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相关需求
企业内部物
料转化各环
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节之间所发
生的需求
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储备管理岗英语
储备管理岗英语Inventory management is a critical function in any organization that deals with the production, distribution, or sale of physical goods. The role of an inventory management professional is to ensure that the right amount of inventory is available at the right time to meet customer demand while minimizing the costs associated with holding excess inventory. This essay will explore the key responsibilities and skills required for an effective inventory management role.One of the primary responsibilities of an inventory management professional is to develop and implement inventory control systems. This involves forecasting demand, determining optimal inventory levels, and establishing procedures for ordering, receiving, and storing inventory. Effective forecasting requires analyzing historical sales data, understanding seasonal trends, and incorporating information about upcoming promotions or new product launches. Based on this analysis, the inventory manager can determine the appropriate safety stock levels to ensure that stockouts are minimized while avoiding the costs of holding excessive inventory.In addition to forecasting and ordering, inventory managers are responsible for monitoring and controlling the flow of goods through the supply chain. This includes tracking inventory levels, identifying and addressing any discrepancies between physical and recorded inventory, and optimizing the storage and handling of goods to minimize damage, spoilage, or obsolescence. Inventory managers must also coordinate with other departments, such as production, purchasing, and sales, to ensure that inventory is aligned with customer demand and production schedules.Another critical aspect of the inventory management role is the implementation and maintenance of inventory management systems. This may involve selecting and configuring software or databases to track inventory levels, monitor stock movements, and generate reports. Inventory managers must also ensure that these systems are integrated with other enterprise systems, such as enterprise resource planning (ERP) or customer relationship management (CRM) platforms, to provide a comprehensive view of the organization's supply chain.Effective inventory management also requires strong analytical and problem-solving skills. Inventory managers must be able to interpret data, identify trends and patterns, and make informed decisions to optimize inventory levels and minimize costs. This may involveconducting ABC analysis to prioritize the management of high-value or high-turnover items, implementing just-in-time (JIT) or lean manufacturing principles to reduce waste, or developing strategies to manage the risks associated with supplier reliability or market volatility.In addition to technical skills, inventory managers must also possess strong communication and interpersonal skills. They must be able to collaborate with cross-functional teams, negotiate with suppliers, and provide clear and concise reports to management. Effective inventory management often requires balancing the needs and priorities of different stakeholders, such as production, sales, and finance, and the inventory manager must be able to navigate these competing interests effectively.Finally, inventory managers must stay up-to-date with industry trends, best practices, and regulatory requirements. This may involve participating in professional development activities, such as attending industry conferences or completing relevant certifications, as well as staying informed about changes in supply chain management, logistics, or inventory control technologies.In conclusion, the role of an inventory management professional is a complex and multifaceted one, requiring a diverse set of technical, analytical, and interpersonal skills. Effective inventory management isessential for ensuring the smooth and efficient flow of goods through the supply chain, and inventory managers play a critical role in optimizing inventory levels, reducing costs, and meeting customer demand. As organizations continue to face increasing pressure to improve supply chain efficiency and responsiveness, the importance of skilled inventory management professionals will only continue to grow.。
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Fixed-time-period system (Periodic)
order placed for variable amount after fixed passage of time
9
ABC Classification Example
10
The Inventory Order Cycle
Order qty, Q
Inventory Level Demand rate
Reorder point, R 0 Lead time Order Order Placed Received Lead Time time Order Order Placed Received
Service level
probability that the inventory available during lead time will meet demand
16
Reorder Point With a Safety Stock
Inventory level
Q
Reorder point, R
Operations Management
Inventory Management
1
Learning Points.
2
Inventory
Stock of items held to meet future demand
Inventory management answers two questions
5
Two Forms Of Demand
Dependent
items used to produce final products
Independent
items demanded by external customers
6
Inventory Costs
Carrying Cost
cost of holding an item in inventory
Safety stock
0
LT
Time
LT
17
How much to order When to order
3
Types of Inventory
Raw materials Purchased parts and supplies
Labour
In-process (partially completed) products Component parts Working capital Tools, machinery, and equipment Finished goods
14
EOQ Example
CC = £0.75 per yard CO = £150 D = 10,000 yards
15
Safety Stocks
Safety stock
buffer added to on hand inventory during lead time
Stockout
an inventory shortage
Ordering Cost
cost of replenishing inventory
Shortage Cost
temporary or permanent loss of sales when demand cannot be met
7
Inventory Control Systems
Fixed-order-quantity system (Continuouurves
Slope = 0 Annual cost (£) Total Cost
Minimum total cost
Carrying Cost = CcQ/2 Ordering Cost = CoD/Q Optimal order Qopt Order Quantity, Q
12
Assumptions Of Basic EOQ Model
Demand is known with certainty
Demand is relatively constant over time
No shortages are allowed Lead time for the receipt of orders is constant The order quantity is received all at once
11
EOQ Cost Model
CO - cost of placing order CC - annual per-unit carrying cost Annual ordering cost = COD/Q CCQ/2 D - annual demand Q - order quantity Annual carrying cost = Total cost = COD/Q + CCQ/2
8
ABC Classification System
Demand volume & value of items vary
Classify inventory into 3 categories
Class
A B C
% of Units
5 - 15 30 50 - 60
% of Pounds
70 - 80 15 5 - 10
4
Reasons To Hold Inventory
Meet unexpected demand
Smooth seasonal or cyclical demand
Meet variations in customer demand Take advantage of price discounts Hedge against price increases Quantity discounts