研究生英语阅读教程下词汇复习资料
(完整版)研究生英语综合教程下unit1-5单词
unit2 choreographcommentator commercializeconcession dedication dismantle engrossed ethic extrinsic flawless hype personaquadruple stakes be grounded in sth get/be taken in take a back seat to unit3 abstruse asylum auditorium bookish cerebral chambermaidcontrivance dagger disintegrate double-decker eavesdropfetching flummox fretful gargle glottal stophallucinogenic itinerary laden law-abidinglemming lunatic asylum materialistic unmaterialistic passionateunit1Adversity aftermath alleyway altruism anodyne aspire bliss bona fide bromide dazed encompass excruciating gratifying hallucinateharrowing ineffable legacy mind-blowing neurological nostalgia ordeal paramount province preoccupied refrain rheumatoid arthritis shrivel steroid tranquil traumatraumatic tribulation ultramarathoner vomit wimp be on the rocks cancel out come to terms with for the better in line with in the wake of sth keep...in checkthread tinker thread tinker voraciouswayward as likely as not be/get caught up in sth bring on chip away at elaborate on immerse oneself in liken on not to mention scuba diver sea change take to zip through/past/alongpickax pictogram porcupine pore quell relentless relentlessly rodent rudimentary sleek thicket usherette windmill get the hang of sth let sb. in on sth out of this worldpore over work a treatword gets aroundunit4 anecdoteauditory boon circuitry conduit consortium curtail decoderdisengaged duly etch fidgety footnote forage godsend hyperlink ideogram longish neural pithy remap staccato telltale terse thicketpremonition proprietor quaver quaveringly sane sever shred shrubbery shudder skirt slit stunted toilsome tremor uncompromisingverandah vice versa at all hazards cling to dwell on give a start stoop to under one ' s breathunit 5 abyssalpenstock alpine bondageconcoct crafty craftiness crumbling cunning desolate egotistical extremity glacier gruff gruffly haze incompatible incompatibility jagged ledge precipice precipitous。
英语考研用什么复习资料
英语考研用什么复习资料英语考研的复习资料英语考研是门综合性比较强的考试，因此其复习资料的选择也比较关键。
很多同学在选择英语考研复习资料时常会陷入迷茫，不知道如何选择。
本文将从几个方面为大家介绍英语考研的复习资料。
语法与词汇语法和词汇是英语考研的重点，因此一定要认真复习。
在选择语法和词汇复习资料时，建议参考一些经典的教材，比如《大学英语》、《新视野大学英语》等。
这些教材内容全面，无论是语法还是词汇，都有详细的讲解和练习。
阅读理解阅读理解也是英语考研的一大难点，因此要重点复习。
在选择阅读理解资料时，建议选用一些经典的英文杂志或报纸，如《新闻周刊》、《经济学人》等。
这些杂志或报纸的文章涵盖面广，能够帮助同学们提高阅读速度和理解能力。
此外，也可以选择一些专门的阅读理解辅导书，如《考研英语阅读理解精讲》等。
听力听力是英语考研的另一大难点。
在选择听力资料时，建议先选择一些听力短文或听力对话，例如《考研英语听力精听》等。
这些听力资料能够帮助同学们提高听力技能，从而更好地应对英语考研听力部分的考试。
写作写作也是英语考研的一大难点。
在选择写作资料时，建议先练习一些写作模板，如《新东方大学英语写作教程》等。
这些教材能够帮助同学们掌握写作技巧，提高写作水平。
此外，还可以参考一些英文论文或作文，如《文明冷静》、《看不见的城市》等，从中学习写作思路和方法。
口语口语也是英语考研的一大难点。
在选择口语复习资料时，建议参加一些口语培训班或者自学口语教材，如《新东方英语口语》等。
这些教材能够帮助同学们提高口语流利度和准确度，从而更好地应对英语考研口语部分的考试。
在选择英语考研复习资料时，还需要注意以下几点：1、内容真实可靠，符合考试要求。
虽然不同复习资料可能会重点不同，但是都应该符合英语考研的考试要求。
2、练习题量适度。
练习题量既不能过少，也不能过多。
适当的练习题量能够帮助同学们深化对知识点的理解和记忆。
3、自我评估机制完善。
复习资料中应该包含一些自我评估机制，可以帮助同学们及时了解自己的复习情况，并及时调整复习计划和策略。
贵州大学研究生英语阅读教程提高级第三版课后词汇及翻译答案
贵州大学研究生英语阅读教程提高级第三版课后词汇及翻译答案贵州大学研究生英语阅读教程提高级第三版词汇及翻译答案Lesson 21、the story about the brothers grimm may evoke warm memoriesof story time in the comforting arms of a parent.A recallB createC releaseD collect2、one of the secrets of successful travel lies in always turningadversity to your advantage.A unfamiliarityB explorationC pleasureD difficulties3、The claws of bears may be used to climb trees, rip opennests and beehives ,or catch prey.A clearB tearC throwD dig4、The analysts are dissecting intrusions and other attacks that havebreached their computer systems.A interceptingB fightingC analyzingD discussing5、He spent whole days in his room, headphones on lest he disturbanyone.A unlessB whenC so thatD in case6、As the unemployment lines lengthened and factories closed,therewas talk of apocalypse.A emergencyB uncertaintyC disasterD reduction7、The odor of the hospital was so unforgiving that every so often shewould bring the cloud of white flowers to her nose.A unexpectedB uniqueC impressiveD terrible8、Critics argue that the lavish park itself is incongruous in a countrywhere around half the population lives below the poverty line.A inappropriateB creativeC unnecessaryD enjoyable9、Many believed optimistically the new would soothe markets ,but itseems to have had the opposite effect.A pushB misleadC calmD discourage10、 A stoical person tends to show admirable patience and endurancein the face of adversity without getting upset.A confidentB uncomplainingC unconventionalD reliable Lesson 41、During the lecture all the audience listened to china’s firstastronaut with rapt admiration.A obscureB obviousC obligedD obsessed2、Most of her c olleagues didn’t like her because she was adept atthe fine art of irritating people.A ambitiousB annoyingC skillfulD scornful3、In the schools today we need, more than ever, the trainingof defthands,quick eyes and ears ,and above all thebroader,deeper,higher culture of gifted mind and pure hearts.A skillfulB cleverC delicateD elegant4、At last the judge decided to give the custody of the child to hisfather.A supervisionB cateringC raisingD fostering5、Denver residents continued to dig out from what was called theworst blizzard in nearly a century.A catastropheB disasterC snowstormD landslide6、After all ,the candidate was endorsed by the governor’s board andmany of the local party members.A ignoredB rejectedC sponsoredD supported7、His expression gave temporary meaning to a set of features but itwas nondescript.A unclearB distinctiveC impliedD ambiguous8、She came home spouting off about the subjects she was taught atschool and basked in her teacher’s praise.A pridedB enjoyed C. criticized D narrated9、It was evident that the administrative officials did not believe theexcuse that he held forth for the delayed delivery.A liedB toldC emphasizedD compiled10、When frank heard that the war had started ,it didn’t sink in for along time until his father was drafted into the army.A be understoodB be acceptedC be takenD beillustratedLessson 61、another common use of the tag question is in small talk when thespeaker is trying to _____ conversation:”sure is hot here,isn’t it?”A IllicitB elicitC solicitD explicit2、napster says it is delaying the launch of its subscription serviceyet again,after running into serious problems in its talks with other firms .so here is napster’s _____ ：still not ready.A refrainB renownC restraintD retention3、The path from initial lab work on a drug to final approval of thedrug by the food &drug administration is a long and _____ process.A hilariousB notoriousC industriousD laborious4、When I was a child,I always refused to write thank-you notes forbirthday presents from a faraway relative.my mother would _____ me and say,”paul ,you must learn to be polite.”A glideB slideC abideD chide5、A(a) ____ memory may be a good thing,but the ability to forget isthe true token of greatness.A attentiveB inattentiveC retentiveD irretentive6、There’s still a great deal of _____ on the weapons of massdestruction ,which despite what president bush and prime minister blair say,have not yet been found.A evidenceB skepticismC knowledgeD consensus7、Even though exercise has many positive benefits,too much can beharmful.teens who exercise_____ are at risk for both physical and psychological problems.A comparativelyB competitivelyC compulsively Dcomprehensively8、Some of the maids were quiet and affectionate.but others were____,driving the young women crazy by complaining to them allthe time.A querulousB fabulousC pretentiousD conscientious9、There is nothing more fascinating than observing citizensof manydifferent nationalities _____ and exchanging greetings in an international airport.A singlingB dinglingC jinglingD mingling10、When dallas police notifed the hospital that president kennedyhad been shot,at first,the young neurosurgeon thought it was a____.A blankB flankC prankD frankLesson 71、Upon hearing these critical remarks ,he was in a complete stateof bewilderment and did not know what to do next.A astonishmentB frustrationC depressionD perplexity2、For many women ,the harrowing prospect of giving evidence in arape case can be too much to bear.A promisingB embarrassingC hauntingD upsetting3、The company’s disappointing sales figures are an ominous sign ofworse thing to come.A disgracefulB disgustingC scandalousD threatening4、He said that people are too obsessed with utopian visions thatnever come,instead of thinking of the quality of life now.A promisingB unrealisticC unbelievableD unprecedented5、We eliminated the possibility that it could have been an accidentbecause it was so well timed.A elicitedB despisedC removedD elevated6、Things would never change if people weren’t prepared toexperiment with new teaching methods.A endeavorB campaignC swerveD try7、The national interest is most important than the sectionalandpersonal interests of individual politicians.A segregatedB factionalC inviolableD dismantled8、Despite differences in background and outlook,their partnershipwas based on mutual respect,trust and understanding.A unilateralB reciprocalC obligatoryD optional9、Desirous of knowing something about the operations ,I stood andwatched the spectacle.A desperate forB desirable ofC detached fromD deprived of10、He spoke eloquently with the self-effacing humor that endearedhim to the American press.A elegantlyB persuasivelyC arrogantlyD expressively Lesson 91、When she arose to speak in their assemblies ,her commandingfigure and dignified manners _____ every trifler into silence.A rushedB hushedC cashedD pushed2、In many of his paintings of towns,harbors,and rivers ,marquetshowed a particular gift for simplification thatseized_____upon the essentials in the scene before him.A unexpectedlyB unavoidablyC unerringlyD unbelievably3、The old gentleman was so much immersed in business ,that hewas unable to ____ much attention upon me.A bestowB bewilderC bewareD betray4、The most famous _____ whiteface clown is felix adler,whoperformed in the early and mid-20th century.A picturesqueB uniqueC techniqueD grotesque5、By the 1st century B.C,roman power was growing and greekinfluence had begun to _____.A waneB waverC weaveD warp6、To starboard ,at hurghada,behind _____ ranks of coral reefs,laythe important marine biological station of the university of Egypt.A severeB serriedC seducedD sentimental7、At first,the downturn was confined to industries most sensitive tohigh interest rates.but ______,the loss of income in these areas had a ripple effect throughout the economy.A inexorablyB intensivelyC inevitablyD infinitely8、The puppet theater combines three elements:the puppets;thechanters who sing and ____ for the puppets;and the players ofthe three-stringed instrument.A declineB reclaimC declaimD proclaim9、This is your daily life; to me it is like a scene from a play,overwhich one sighs to see the curtain fall-all _____,all light ,allhappiness.A enchantmentB engagementC enlargementD endurance10、“it was really rural when we moved here,”says Stanley.”but thesenewcomers are _____ the rural atmosphere.”A justifyingB citifyingC ratifyingD simplifying Lesson 111、The supporters of GM foods say that it should be possible tomake foods that are less likely to trigger allergies.A preventB reduceC causeD transfer2、The relationship between men and their cars would terminate inthe event of irreparable mechanical breakdown(equivalent to thedeath of a spouse).A endB declineC failD proceed3、The combination of miscommunication ,ignored warnings andgeneral hubris virtually guaranteed disaster.A misunderstandingB misconductC angerD arrogance4、Despite an occasional glimmer of hope ,this campaign has notproduced any results.A proofB indicationC releaseD consequence5、These kids had been further insulated by their wealthy familiesfrom reality with the privilege that money could buy.A protectedB awokenC coveredD isolated6、I found myself constantly pondering the question:”how couldanyone do these things?”A arguingB answeringC coveredD isolated7、Interactive technology augments traditional methods with newand yet-to-be invented collaboration tools ranging from e-mail toweb logs to digital video to peer-to-peer systems.A communicationB entertainmentC cooperation Dimprovement8、For people who feel too intimidated or shy to ask questionsduring class,the internet creates a “safe environment”to speaktheir mind.online ,nobody knows who you are.A frightenedB frustratedC depressedD disappointed9、On this day after September 11 ,most planes were stillgrounded ;the skies were eerily quiet.A particularlyB unusuallyC mysteriouslyD pleasantly10、Considered by many archaeologists to be the first humancivilization ,sumer has yielded many huge stonecarvings .deciphered, they described”gods”who came anotherplanet in flying machines.A inspiredB interpretedC improvedD implanted Lesson 21 It is a cliché, as it is to talk of apocalypse and nightmare, but when something is beyond our experience, we reach for the points of reference we have.说到世界末日和噩梦又是老生常谈，但是当事情超出我们的经验时，我们总会寻找现有的东西作为参照。
研究生英语阅读教程第三版翻译复习资料Lesson16
1.For English is a killer. It is English that has killed off Cumbric, Cornish, Norn and Manx. There are still parts of these islands where sizeable communities speak languages that were there before English. Yet English is everywhere in everyday use and understood by all or virtually all, constituting such a threat to the three remaining Celtic languages, Irish, Scottish Gaelic, and Welsh... that their long-term future must be considered... very greatly at risk.因为英语是个杀手。
正是英语造成了康瑞克、康尼施、诺恩、曼科斯等语言的消亡。
在其中一部分岛上还有相当多的人使用在英语到来之前就已存在的语言。
然而，英语在日常生活中无处不在。
所有的人或几乎所有的人都懂英语。
英语对现存的凯尔特语——爱尔兰语、苏格兰盖尔语及威尔士语的威胁是如此之大，它们的未来岌岌可危。
2.He also associated such policies with a prejudice which he calls linguisticism (a condition parallel to racism and sexism). As Phillipson sees it, leading institutions and individuals within the predominantly "white" English-speaking world, have (by design or default) encouraged or at least tolerated—and certainly have not opposed—the hegemonic spread of English, a spread which began some three centuries ago as economic and colonial expansion.同时，他认为这些政策和他称之为语言歧视（和种族歧视、性别歧视的情况类似）的偏见密切相关。
考研英语第二单元复习资料
考研英语第二单元复习资料# 考研英语第二单元复习资料## 第一部分：词汇积累### 1. 核心词汇- Eloquent - 雄辩的- Innovative - 创新的- Emerge - 出现，浮现- Catalyst - 催化剂### 2. 短语搭配- Break through - 突破- Keep pace with - 跟上- Engage in - 参与## 第二部分：阅读理解### 1. 阅读技巧- Skimming - 略读，快速浏览文章大意- Scanning - 扫读，寻找特定信息- Inference - 推理，根据上下文推断### 2. 常见题型- Main Idea - 主旨大意- Detail Comprehension - 细节理解- Vocabulary in Context - 语境中的词汇## 第三部分：完形填空### 1. 完形填空技巧- Context Clues - 利用上下文线索- Grammar Rules - 语法规则- Collocation - 固定搭配### 2. 常见考点- Noun - 名词- Verb - 动词- Adjective - 形容词- Preposition - 介词## 第四部分：翻译### 1. 中译英技巧- Literal Translation - 直译- Free Translation - 意译- Idiomatic Expressions - 成语或习语的翻译### 2. 英译中技巧- Cultural Differences - 注意文化差异- Semantic Shift - 语义转换## 第五部分：写作### 1. 写作结构- Introduction - 引言- Body Paragraphs - 正文段落- Conclusion - 结论### 2. 写作技巧- Topic Sentence - 主题句- Supporting Details - 支持细节- Cohesion and Coherence - 连贯性## 第六部分：模拟练习- Practice Makes Perfect - 熟能生巧- Time Management - 时间管理- Error Analysis - 错误分析## 结语通过以上复习资料，希望能帮助考生们在考研英语第二单元的复习中取得更好的效果。
考研词汇记忆文档学习资料
考研词汇记忆文档考研词汇记忆文档1、challenge（1）n:挑战；艰巨任务例句：Researchers in the late 1960s discovered that humans are born with the capacity to approach challenges in four primary ways :analytically procedurally relationally(or cllaboratively) and innovatively.In the late :在晚期，在后期born （1）bear的去过分词，同时还有(2)adj 天生的 be born to do sthCapacity :能力；容量；资格；地位 capacity to /forAnalysis 分析；分解；实验analyst:分析者，精神分析师approach n：方法，途径；VI/VT：靠近，接近，着手处理primary n:原色，最主要的；adj :主要的、初级的、基本的（2）vt:向。
挑战Tom challenged me to play another tennis game2、furnish(1)供应，提供 furnish sth to sbThe hotel furnished towels and sheets to us .Towel:毛巾 sheet ：被单（2）装备；布置You know,we want to totally furnish our new office building.This is a list of what we need.Could you give me a ballpark(大概的) figure（价格） for everything on this list?您知道.我们想要彻底装备我们的新办公大楼.这是一张单子.上面列出了我们需要的家具.您能就这张表上的所有商品给我一个大概的价格吗?3、establish(1)建立、设立The government conceded the right to establish independent（独立自主的） trade unions（工会）.政府承认建立独立工会的权利。
考研英语复习资料 6级讲义
六级暑假阅读词汇基础讲义【第一课：词汇部分】concoct vt.捏造；混合而制dual-core processor双核处理器octet processorinterface n.界面octopus八爪鱼decade n.十年decent adj.得体的；相当好的indecent adj.下流的；不礼貌的pocket n.口袋；钱vt.隐藏；忍受specification n.规格；说明书；详述laptop n.膝上型轻便电脑，笔记本电脑application n.应用,申请,志愿书,应用程序n.[计]应用,应用程序device n.装置,设计,设备plug n.塞子,栓,插头vt.插入,塞住,接插头vi.被塞住wireless n.无线电 a.无线的,无线电的expand vt./vi.使膨胀,详述,扩张incident n.事件，事变incidence n.发生率；影响；incidentally adv.伴随地,偶然,顺便Millennials n.千禧世代；千禧一代proverbial a.谚语的,谚语式的,众所周知的norm n.基准,模范,标准,准则normal adj.正常的；正规的deliver vt.递送,释放sens/sent:感觉sensor n.传感器consent v./n.同意consensus n.一致dissent vi./n.不同意resent vt.憎恨nonsense n.胡话automation n.自动化,自动操作intelligent adj.聪明的,智能的,了解的quotient n.商quota n.定额；限额facility n.设备unprecedented a.空前的rapidly adv.飞快地,迅速地,赶紧地extract n.摘录,选段vt.取出,榨取,摘录leverage n.杠杆作用,杠杆装置,杠杆效率access n.通路,入口,接近,进入,使用权,发作vt.访问,存取,接近,使用drama n.戏剧，戏剧性事件dramatically adv.戏剧地,引人注目地serve vt.招待，供应；为...服务vi.服役，服务，发球n.发球capacity n.容量,能力,才能,资格widespre ad adj.广布的,普及的operation n.操作,动作,手术embrace n.拥抱vt./vi.拥抱,互相拥抱profitable adj.有利润的,有利益的,赚钱的ordinary a.平常的,普通的,平凡的n.平常的人subordinate n.部属，下属adj.从属的coordinate vt.协调adj.协调的n.坐标tango n.探戈tangible a.可触摸的,有实体的,有形的intangible adj.adj.无形的，难以理解的【第一课：文章部分】Our world now moves so fast that we seldom stop to see just how far we have come in just a few years.The latest iPhone6s,for example,has a dual-core processor and fits nicely into your pocket.By comparison,you would expect to find a technological specification like this on your standard laptop in an office anywhere in the world.It’s no wonder shat new applications for the Internet of Things are moving ahead fast when almost every new device we buy has a plug on the end of it or a wireless connection to the internet.Soon,our current smartphone lifestyle will expand to create our own smart home lifestyle too.All researches agree that close to25billion devices,things and sensors will be connected by2020which incidentally is also the moment that Millennials(千禧一代)are expected to make up75percent of our overall workforce,and the fully connected home become a reality for large numbers of people worldwide.However,this is just the tip of the proverbial iceberg as smart buildings and even cities increasingly become the norm as leaders and business owners begin to wake up to the massive savings that technology can deliver through connected sensors and new forms of automation coupled with intelligent energy and facilities management.Online security cameras,intelligent lighting and a wealth of sensors that control both temperature and air quality are offering an unprecedented level of control,efficiency,and improvements to what were once classed necessary costs when running a business or managing a large building.We can expect that the ever-growing list of devices,systems and environments remain connected,always online and talking to each other.The big benefit will not only be in the housing of this enormous and rapidly growing amount of data, but will also be in the ability to run real time data analytics to extract actionable and ongoing knowledge.The biggest and most exciting challenge of this technology is how to creatively leverage this ever-growing amount of data to deliver cost savings,improvements and tangible benefits to both businesses and citizens of these smart cities.The good news is that most of this technology is already invented.Let's face it,it wasn't too long ago that the idea of working from anywhere and at anytime was some form of a distant utopian(乌托邦式的)dream,and yet now we can perform almost any office-based task from any location in the world as long as we have access to the internet.It's time to wake up to the fact that making smart buildings,cities and homes will dramatically improve our quality of life in the years ahead.51.What does the example of iPhone6s serve to show?A)The huge capacity of the smartphones people now use.B)The widespread use of smartphones all over the world.C)The huge impact of new technology on people's everyday life.D)The rapid technological progress in a very short period of time.52.What can we expect to see by the year2020?A)Apps for the internet of Things.C)The emergence of Millennials.B)The popularization of smart homes.D)Total globalization of the world.53.What will business owners do when they become aware of the benefits of the internet of Things?A)Employ fewer workers in their operations.B)Gain automatic control of their businesses.C)Invest in more smart buildings and cities.D)Embrace whatever new technology there is.54.What is the most exciting challenge when we possess more and more data?A)How to turn it to profitable use.C)How to link the actionable systems.B)How to do real time data analysis.D)How to devise new ways to store it.55.What does the author think about working from anywhere and at anytime?A)It is feasible with a connection to the internet.B)It will thrive in smart buildings,cities and homes.C)It is still a distant utopian dream for ordinary workers.D)It will deliver tangible benefits to both boss and worker.【第二课：词汇部分】photography n.摄影；摄影术photic adj.光的；发光的photophobia n.畏光photosynthesis n.光合作用geography地理telegraph电报biography传记calligraphy书法Callisto大熊星座laborious adj.艰苦的；费劲的；勤劳的ordeal n.折磨；严酷的考验infinite adj.无限的definite adj.确定的companion n.同伴；朋友；指南；手册document n.文件vt.记录file n.文件vt.提出profile n.简况high-profile adj.高调的；备受瞩目的interrupt vt./vi.中断；打断associate vt.联想，联系fellow adj.同类的，同伴的n.同事，朋友embark vi.上船/飞机;开始从事presence n.存在；出席；参加absence n.没有；缺乏；缺席absent-minded adj.心不在焉的；健忘的slight adj.轻微的，少量的blight vi.枯萎n.枯萎double-decker bus n.双层巴士forbade vt.禁止（forbid的过去式）digital adj.数字的heighten vt./vi.提高；增高eye-tracking glasses眼球追踪眼镜relief n.减轻relieve vt.减轻belief n.相信believe vt.相信receive vt.收到；接待reception n.接待；接收recipient n.接受者blue-ribbon adj.第一流的；头等的hang onto紧紧抓住，依附immerse vt.沉浸emerge vi.出现submerge v.淹没；潜水adj.在水下的emergency n.出现，急诊immersed adj.浸入的；专注的satisfy vt./vi.令人满意；令人满足erode vt.腐蚀erotic adj.色情的n.好色之徒Mars n.火星march vt./n.行军snap vt./vi.突然折断，拉断；猛咬engaged adj.忙碌的；使用中的；已订婚的vt.吸引，占用vi.从事；参与painstaking adj.艰苦的；勤勉的；小心的n.辛苦；勤勉luxury n.奢侈，奢华；奢侈品；享受adj.奢侈的master n.主人；大师vt.精通；控制enrich vt.使充实；使肥沃；使富足distract vt.转移；分心absorb vt.吸收；吸引；理解derive vt./vi.源于amentia n.智力缺陷demented adj.失去理智的mentation n.心智活动【第二课：文章部分】Photography was once an expensive,laborious ordeal reserved for life's greatest milestones.Now,the only apparent cost to taking infinite photos of something as common as a meal is the space on your hard drive and your dining companion's patience.But is there another cost,a deeper cost,to documenting a life experience instead of simply enjoying it?"You hear that you shouldn't take all these photos and interrupt the experience,and it's bad for you,and we're not living in the present moment,"says Kristin Diehl,associate professor of marketing at the University of Southern California Marshall School of Business.Diehl and her fellow researchers wanted to find out if that was true,so they embarked on a series of nine experiments in the lab and in the field testing people's enjoyment in the presence or absence of a camera.The results,published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,surprised them.Taking photos actually makes people enjoy what they're doing more,not less."What we find is you actually look at the world slightly differently,because you're looking for things you want to capture,that you may want to hang onto,"Diehl explains."That gets people more engaged in the experience,and they tend to enjoy it more."Take sightseeing.In one experiment,nearly200participants boarded a double-decker bus for a tour of Philadelphia. Both bus tours forbade the use of cell phones but one tour provided digital cameras and encouraged people to take photos. The people who took photos enjoyed the experience significantly more,and said they were more engaged,than those who didn't.Snapping a photo directs attention,which heightens the pleasure you get from whatever you're looking at,Diehl says. It works for things as boring as archaeological(考古的)museums,where people were given eye-tracking glasses and instructed either to take photos or not."People look longer at things they want to photograph,"Diehl says.They report liking the exhibits more,too.To the relief of Instagrammers(Instagram用户)everywhere,it can even make meals more enjoyable.When people were encouraged to take at least three photos while they ate lunch,they were more immersed in their meals than those who weren't told to take photos.Was it the satisfying click of the camera?The physical act of the snap?No,they found;just the act of planning to take a photo—and not actually taking it—had the same joy-boosting effect."If you want to take mental photos,that works the same way,"Diehl says."Thinking about what you would want to photograph also gets you more engaged."51.What does the author say about photo-taking in the past?A)It was a painstaking effort for recording life's major events.B)It was a luxury that only a few wealthy people could enjoy.C)It was a good way to preserve one's precious images.D)It was a skill that required lots of practice to master52.Kristin Diehl conducted a series of experiments on photo-taking to find out_______.A)what kind of pleasure it would actually bring to photo-takersB)whether people enjoyed it when they did sightseeingC)how it could help to enrich people's life experiencesD)whether it prevented people enjoying what they were doing53.What do the results of Diehl's experiments show about people taking pictures?A)They are distracted from what they are doing.B)They can better remember what they see or do.C)They are more absorbed in what catches their eye.D)They can have a better understanding of the world.54.What is found about museum visitors with the aid of eye-tracking glasses?A)They come out with better photographs of the exhibits.B)They focus more on the exhibits when taking pictures.C)They have a better view of what are on display.D)They follow the historical events more easily.55.What do we learn from the last paragraph?A)It is better to make plans before taking photos.B)Mental photos can be as beautiful as snapshots.C)Photographers can derive great joy from the click of the camera.D)Even the very thought of taking a photo can have a positive effect.【第三课：词汇部分】notoriously adv.众所周知地;声名狼藉地inedible adj.不能吃的foodie n.吃货treaty n.条约contract n.契约，合同unreliable a.不可靠的liable a.有责任的，有义务的quantify vi.量化qualify vi.取得资格hover vi./n.盘旋，徘徊acquaintance n.熟人；相识；了解accquire vt.获得；取得overestimate vt.对……评价过高underestimate vt.低估overvalue vt.对…估价过高undervalue vt.低估……的价值massive a.大量的overweight adj.超重的outweigh vt.比……重remarkable a.卓越的，非凡的vigil n.监视，警戒vigilance n.警戒，警觉invigilate v.监视，监考invigilator n.监考人surveillance n.监督，监视contemporary art当代艺术constrain vt.束缚constraint n.约束scale up扩大规模large-scale大规模的accuracy n.精确度precision n.精度dip v.浸，下沉dig vt.挖digital adj.数字的digital literacy数字素养format n.格式formula n.公式，准则transform vt.改变，变化contain v.包含；控制；容纳retain vt.保持detain vt.拘留；耽搁unreliable adj.不可靠的；靠不住的tough adj.牢固的；强壮的，困难的rough adj.粗糙的；粗略的；粗野的recall vt.召回；回想起，记起；取消n.召回；回忆；撤消acquire vt.获得；取得；学到acquaintance n.熟人；相识address n.演讲，致辞vt.设法解决；演说contemporary adj.当代的scary adj.可怕的；恐怖的；吓人的【第三课：文章部分】Human memory is notoriously unreliable.Even people with the sharpest facial-recognition skills can only remember so much.It's tough to quantify how good a person is at remembering.No one really knows how many different faces someone can recall,for example,but various estimates tend to hover in the thousands-based on the number of acquaintances aperson might have.Machines aren't limited this way.Give the right computer a massive database of faces,and it can process what it sees-then recognize a face it's told to find-with remarkable speed and precision.This skill is what supports the enormous promise of facial-recognition software in the2lst century.It's also what makes contemporary surveillance systems so scary.The thing is,machines still have limitations when it comes to facial recognition.And scientists are only just beginning to understand what those constraints are.To begin to figure out how computers are struggling,researchers at the University of Washington created a massive database of faces---they call it MegaFace and tested a variety of facial-recognition algorithms(算法)as they scaled up in complexity.The idea was to test the machines on a database that included up to1million different images of nearly700,000different people---and not just a large database featuring a relatively small number of different faces,more consistent with what's been used in other research.As the databases grew,machine accuracy dipped across the board.Algorithms that were right95%of the time when they were dealing with a13,000-image database,for example,were accurate about70%of the time when confronted with 1million images.That's still pretty good,says one of the researchers,Ira Kemelmacher-Shlizerman."Much better than we expected,"she said.Machines also had difficulty adjusting for people who look a lot alike-either doppelgangers(长相极相似的人),whom the machine would have trouble identifying as two separate people,or the same person who appeared in different photos at different ages or in different lighting,whom the machine would incorrectly view as separate people."Once we scale up,algorithms must be sensitive to tiny changes in identities and at the same time invariant to lighting,pose,age,"Kemelmacher-Shlizerman said.The trouble is,for many of the researchers who'd like to design systems to address these challenges,massive datasets for experimentation just don't exist--at least,not in formats that are accessible to academic researchers.Training sets like the ones Google and Facebook have are private.There are no public databases that contain millions of faces.MegaFace's creators say it's the largest publicly available facial-recognition dataset out there.“An ultimate face recognition algorithm should perform with billions of people in a dataset,”the researchers wrotepared with human memory,machines can.A)identify human faces more efficientlyB)tell a friend from a mere acquaintanceC)store an unlimited number of human facesD)perceive images invisible to the human eye47.Why did researchers create MegaFace?A)To enlarge the volume of the facial-recognition databaseB)To increase the variety of facial-recognition softwareC)To understand computers'problems with facial recognitionD)To reduce the complexity of facial-recognition algorithms48.What does the passage say about machine accuracy?A)It falls short of researchers'expectations.B)It improves with added computing power.C)It varies greatly with different algorithms.D)It decreases as the database size increases.49.What is said to be a shortcoming of facial-recognition machines?A)They cannot easily tell apart people with near-identical appearances.B)They have difficulty identifying changes in facial expressionsC)They are not sensitive to minute changes in people's moodD)They have problems distinguishing people of the same age50.What is the difficulty confronting researchers of facial-recognition machines?A)No computer is yet able to handle huge datasets of human facesB)There do not exist public databases with sufficient face samplerC)There are no appropriate algorithms to process the face samplesD)They have trouble converting face datasets into the right format.【第四课：词汇部分】plunge vi./vt.使陷入n.突然跌落rescue vt.营救generalist n.多面手specialist n.专家vivid adj.生动的survive v.幸存revival n.复活vigor n.活力vigorous adj.精力充沛的vitamin n.维他命approach n./vt./vi.接近vt.处理scream vt./vi.尖叫cream n.奶油，精华，面霜calculate v.计算；打算count v.重要，数数cultivate vt.培养culture n.文化，文明vt.培养evade vt/vi.逃脱；逃避invade vt./vi.侵略wade vi.跋涉counterpart n.极相似的人或物encounter v.遭遇counterbalance v.抵消morality n.道德，品行virtue n.美德conflict vi./n.冲突inflict vt.造成affliction n.痛苦morality n.道德；品行，美德loophole n.漏洞peril n.危险；冒险imperil vt.危及；使陷于危险choke vt.呛；使窒息vi.窒息；阻塞divorce n.离婚；分离soldier n.军人solid adj.固体的；可靠的consolidate vt./vi.巩固abstract a.抽象的n.抽象；摘要code n.代码，密码scenario n.情节scene n.场景duty n.责任；[税收]关税customs n.海关；风俗assess vt.评定；估价highlight vt.突出；强调emphasize vt.强调underline vt.强调underpin vt.巩固；支持odds n.机率probability n.机率adventure novel历险小说detective novel侦探小说erotic novel艳情小说fan fiction同人小说ghost novel灵异小说mystery novel悬疑小说science fiction科幻小说complication n.复杂sophisticated adj.复杂的【第四课：文章部分】In the beginning of the movie l,Robot,a robot has to decide whom to save after two cars plunge into the water-Del Spooner or a child.Even though Spooner screams“Save her Save her!”the robot rescues him because it calculates that he has a45percent chance of survival compared to Sarah's11percent.The robot's decision and its calculated approach raise an important question:would humans make the same choice?And which choice would we want our robotic counterparts to make?Isaac Asimov evaded the whole notion of morality in devising his three laws of robotics,which hold that1.Robots cannot harm humans or allow humans to come to harm;2.Robots must obey humans,except where the order would conflict with law1;and3.Robots must act in self-preservation,unless doing so conflicts with laws1or2.These laws are programmed into Asimov's robots-they don't have to think,judge,or value.They don't have to like humans or believe that hurting them is wrong or bad.They simply don't do it.The robot who rescues Spooner’s life in I,Robot follows Asimov's zero th law:robots cannot harm humanity(as opposed to individual humans)or allow humanity to come to harm--an expansion of the first law that allows robots to determine what's in the greater good.Under the first law,a robot could not harm a dangerous gunman,but under the zero th law,a robot could kill the gunman to save others.Whether it's possible to program a robot with safeguards such as Asimov's laws is debatable A word such as"harm"is vague(what about emotional harm?Is replacing a human employ harm?),and abstract concepts present coding problems. The robots in Asimov's fiction expose complications and loopholes in the three laws,and even when the laws work,robots still have to assess situations.Assessing situations can be complicated.A robot has to identify the players,conditions,and possible outcomes for various scenarios,It’s doubtful that a computer program can do that-at least,not without some undesirable results.A roboticist at the Bristol Robotics Laboratory programmed a robot to save human proxies(替身)called"H-bots"from danger. When one H-bot headed for danger,the robot successfully pushed it out of the way.But when two H-bots became imperiled, the robot choked42percent of the time,unable to decide which to save and letting them both"die."The experiment highlights the importance of morality:without it,how can a robot decide whom to save or what's best for humanity, especially if it can't calculate survival odds?46.What question does the example in the movie raise?A)Whether robots can reach better decisions.B)Whether robots follow Asimov's zero"law.C)How robots may make bad judgments.D)How robots should be programmed.47.What does the author think of Asimov’s three laws of robotics?A)They are apparently divorced from reality.B)They did not follow the coding system of robotics.C)They laid a solid foundation for robotics.D)They did not take moral issues into consideration.48.What does the author say about Asimov's robots?A)They know what is good or bad for human beings.B)They are programmed not to hurt human beings.C)They perform duties in their owners'best interest.D)They stop working when a moral issue is involved.1149.What does the author want to say by mentioning the word"harm"in Asimov's laws?A)Abstract concepts are hard to program.B)It is hard for robots to make decisions.C)Robots may do harm in certain situations.D)Asimov's laws use too many vague terms.50.What has the roboticist at the Bristol Robotics Laboratory found in his experiment?A)Robots can be made as intelligent as human beings some day.B)Robots can have moral issues encoded into their program.C)Robots can have trouble making decisions in complex scenarios.D)Robots can be programmed to perceive potential perils.12。
研究生英语考试资料汇总
研究生英语考试资料汇总对于准备攻读研究生的学子们来说，研究生英语考试是一道重要的关卡。
为了帮助大家更好地备考，本文将对研究生英语考试的相关资料进行全面汇总。
首先，我们来了解一下研究生英语考试的基本情况。
研究生英语考试通常分为两种，一种是全国硕士研究生入学统一考试中的英语科目，另一种是各高校自主命题的英语考试。
无论是哪种考试，其目的都是考查考生的英语综合能力，包括英语语言知识、阅读理解、写作、翻译等方面。
一、词汇资料词汇是英语学习的基础，对于研究生英语考试来说更是至关重要。
以下是一些推荐的词汇资料：1、考研英语词汇书市面上有很多专门针对考研英语的词汇书，如《红宝书》《恋练有词》等。
这些词汇书通常会按照考试大纲的要求，对词汇进行分类和讲解，并配有例句、练习等，有助于考生系统地学习和记忆词汇。
2、手机 APP利用手机 APP 背单词也是一种方便有效的方式。
例如百词斩、墨墨背单词等，它们可以根据考生的学习进度和遗忘曲线制定个性化的学习计划，还能随时随地进行学习。
3、真题词汇通过研究历年真题，总结其中出现的高频词汇和重点词汇，也是积累词汇的重要途径。
可以将真题中不认识的单词整理出来，反复背诵。
二、语法资料良好的语法基础对于理解和翻译句子、写作都非常有帮助。
1、语法教材可以选择一些经典的语法教材，如《薄冰英语语法》《张道真英语语法》等，系统地学习英语语法知识。
2、在线课程现在有很多优质的在线语法课程，考生可以根据自己的需求选择适合自己的课程进行学习。
三、阅读资料阅读理解在研究生英语考试中占据很大的比重，因此要注重阅读能力的提升。
1、历年真题真题是最重要的阅读资料。
通过做真题，可以熟悉考试的题型和难度，掌握解题技巧。
在做真题时，要认真分析每一篇文章，理解文章的主旨大意、细节信息、逻辑结构等。
2、英文报刊杂志阅读英文报刊杂志，如《经济学人》《纽约时报》等，可以拓宽阅读视野，提高阅读速度和理解能力。
3、阅读专项训练书籍这类书籍通常会针对不同的题型进行分类训练，并提供解题方法和技巧。