定语从句课堂笔记

定语从句课堂笔记（单燕梅）
同学们，定语从句在英语运用中是最重要最普遍的语法模块之一，希望大家用心学习，全面掌握！
句和非限制性定语从句（被修饰的词：先行词；引导定语从句的词：关系词,在句中的作用是连接先行词和定语从句）
常见的关系代词有that ,which , who, whom, whose as，在从句中作主语或宾语
He is the man (who/that/whom) you want to see. (关系代词做
的宾语)
The man who/that will give a talk is a famous professor. (who/that做从句的主语) The girl, who is very beautiful, impressed us with her strong sense of humor.
注意：當先行詞是those（指人）, she ,he ,they等代詞時,關係代詞用who.
We have visited the factory which/that makes TV sets
The fish (which/that )they sell are not fresh.(关系代词which/that 做sell的宾语)
A child whose parents are dead is called an orphan.
I live in the room whose window faces south.
Flora, whose hair was wet, began to cry.
whose从句可转换为“ of +关系代词”型，如：
e.g. They live in a house, whose door opens to the south.
=They lived in a house, of which the door opens to the south.
e.g. Such books as you tell me are interesting.
比较：This is the same wallet as I lost.这个钱包和我丢的那个一样。

①as可放在句首和句中，which不能放在句首
②Which既可代指先行词，又可代指整个主句的内容。

相当于“and this” or “ and that”. 译为“这一点”。

Bamboo is hollow, which makes it very light.(which指代先行词bamboo)
He was late again, which made the teacher angry.(which指代整个主句“He was late again”)
而as 则只能代指整个主句的内容。

译为“正如…..那样”，且已形成固定结构。

如：as is known/said/reported/often the case/expected, as we know/expect etc. e.g. Einstein, as is known, is a famous scientist.
As is reported, China has become an important country in the world.
Do you know the woman to whom she is talking. (she is talking to the woman)
= Do you know the woman whom(who/that) she is talking to.（介词后置时，whom 可换成who/that）
The tool with which he is working is called a saw.(he is working with the tool)
=The tool which(that) he is working with is called a saw. (介词后时，which可换成that）
但，如果定语从句的谓语动词和介词搭配非常紧密，介词不宜放在which/whom前
The girl whom I used to look after has grown up.
The girl after whom I used to look has grown up.(误)
另外：介词也可以有some, any, none, all, both, several, enough, many, most, few以及数词构成的名词词组
There are forty students in our class, twenty of whom are from the South.
1. 先行词为不定代词，nothing, little，much, few, none, no, some, any,all，etc.或先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much等修饰时。

e.g. Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen.
I’ve read all the boo ks that are not mine.
2. 先行词前有形容词最高级、序数词修饰时，用that
e.g. This is the best book (that) I’ve ever read.
3. 先行词被the only，the very，the last, the same修饰时，用that。

e.g. He is the only person that I want to see now.
4. 先行词同时指人和指物时，用that
e.g. We talked about the things and persons that we saw then.
5. 在定语从句中避免重复,一般也只用that
e.g. Who is the man that is crying?（不用who is crying）
Which is the answer that he chose?(不用which he chose)
6. 当先行词在定语从句中作be表语時，关系代词用that(that可省略).
She isn’t the girl that she was 10 years ago.
7.主句以There be 引导时
There are 200 people that didn’t know the thing.
附：.一般说来,定语从句总是紧跟在先行词的后面,但有时候定语从句与先行词之间被其他成
分分隔开来,这样的句子叫分隔定语从句. The days are gone when we suffered so much
常见的关系副词有三个：when, where 和why,关系副词引导定语从句时，既引导定语从句，又在定语从句中充当状语。

关系副词可转化为介词+关系代词结构。

He told me the date when(on which) he joined the Party.
This is the place where(in which) we lived ten years ago.
He used to work in the town, where many news buildings are being built now. 注意：case, point, situatio n
做先行词时，表示地点
I know the reason why(for which) she was so angry.
相关链接：reason 做主语时，表语从句只能用that 引导且不能省略
The reason why he was to blame was that he had broken the valuable vase. 比较：。