虚拟条件句与高考
高考英语情态动词和虚拟语气考情分析
高考英语情态动词和虚拟语气考情分析情态动词的用法复杂多变，在高考试题中占的比重一直比较稳定，每年总有一至两个题，可以单独考查，也可以结合虚拟语气考查。
命题者常常利用语境和句子之间意义上的细微差别来考查考生对情态动词的理解和掌握，难度也保持较为稳定的趋势。
其考点主要包括：1.考查情态动词的基本用法。
如：can 和could 的用法及区别；will 和would 的用法及区别；must 的用法；shall 用于不同人称时的用法和should 的各种用法；need 的用法等。
2.考查情态动词的“推测”功能。
如：can，could，may，might，must 皆可表示推测，使用时要注意以下几点：(1)注意语气。
语气较强用must, cannot，couldn't; 语气较弱用may，might 或can，could; (2)注意句式。
在肯定句中，一般用may，might，must; 在否定句、疑问句中常用can，could; (3)注意时态。
表示对现在或将来的情况的推测，此时通常用“情态动词＋动词原形”结构；表示对现在或将来正在进行的情况进行推测，通常用“情态动词＋进行体”结构；表示对过去情况的推测，通常用“情态动词＋完成体”结构。
3.考查情态动词的特殊用法。
如：(1)cannot/can't 与too/over/enough/perfectly/sufficiently 等词连用，意为“ 越…… 越……”“ 无论怎样……，……也不为过”“决不会……，……够(过)”。
(2)cannot wait to do sth 意为“急于做某事”。
(3)would 和used to 的区别；can 和be able to 的区别。
(4)“may/might well＋动词原形”意为“理应，有足够的理由”；“may/might as well＋动词原形”意为“还不如，不妨，还是……的好”。
(5)must 意为“偏要，硬要”；can 用在肯定句中，可以表示客观上的可能性；shall 用在法律、条约、协定等文件中可以表示义务、规定等；should 表示估计或推测上的“应该”，意为“可能，该，估计，按理应当”；will 可以表示习惯性和倾向性，意为“惯于，老是，终归是”等。
高考英语虚拟语气历年考点分析
高考英语虚拟语气历年考点分析情态动词和虚拟语气历年典型题训练虚拟语气在高考中考的频率不高，主要考查以下5个方面:考点一、含有if引导的状语从句的虚拟语气考点二、虚拟语气省略if的倒装情况考点三、名词性从句中的虚拟语气考点四、混合虚拟条件句（错综虚拟条件句）考点五、含蓄条件句考点精讲考点一、含有if引导的状语从句的虚拟语气（1）若与现在事实相反从句形式为：If+主语+动词过去式（be动词一般为were）主句形式为：主语+would/should/could/might +v.If he came here, he would/should/could/might help me.（2）若与过去事实相反从句形式为：If+主语+had+ done主句形式为：主语+would/should/could/might+ have+doneIf you had come here yesterday, you would/should/could/might have seen the expert.3）若与将来事实相反从句形式为：If+ 主语+ 动词过去式should + v.were to + v.主句形式为：主语+would/should/could/might + v.If he met me, he would/should/could/might be very happy.If you should come here, you would/should/could/might meet many classmates.If we were to do that, we would/should/could/might make good preparation.高考真题1：It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I _____ in love at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown.(2002上海)A．wouldn’t have fallen B. had not fallen C. should fall D. were to fall考点二、虚拟语气省略if的倒装情况注意：在if引导的虚拟条件句中，若有动词were, should或had，有时可以省略连词if，而把这三个词放在主语之前，变成倒装句。
英语高考冲刺系列语法复习之考点七虚拟语气有讲解,有填空
英语高考冲刺核心语法复习考点七虚拟语气1．虚拟语气在条件句中的用法规则1：与现在事实相反，从句谓语用一般过去时(be动词用were)，主句谓语用“would/should/could/might＋动词原形”。
规则2：与过去事实相反，从句谓语用过去完成时had done，主句谓语用“would/should/could/might＋have done”。
如：If I had done it in time,I should have had a good time.如果我及时做的话，我本该玩得很好。
(当时没能及时做)规则3：与将来事实相反，从句谓语用should do/were to do或一般过去时，主句谓语用“would/should/could/might ＋动词原形”。
如：If it were to rain tomorrow,I should not drive my car.如果明天下雨的话，我就不开车了。
(明天的情况还不知道)规则4：主句中的should通常用于第一人称，would可用于任何人称。
规则5：错综条件句：当条件从句的行为与主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，主从句中动词的形式要根据其所表示的时间做出相应的调整，这就是所谓的错综条件下的虚拟语气。
如：If they had studied hard,they could do it easily now.如果他们以前努力学习的话，现在他们就能容易地解决这个问题了。
If he had not taken my advice,he wouldn't do it much better like this.如果他过去不听我的建议，他就不会像这样做得好多了。
规则6：虚拟语气的倒装：在条件句中，如果有were,had,should等，可省略if，把were,had,should等提到从句主语之前。
如：If he were to come,I would join him in the discussion.＝Were he to come,I would join him in the discussion.如果他来，我将和他一道参加讨论。
高考英语复习语法知识专题讲解10---虚拟语气(解析版)
引导的让步和方式状语从 as if/though
He looks as if he were an artist.
句
He talked about the accident as if he had seen it.
in order that, so that, in case, for fear that
提前，即 故填 were/should/had
Were/Should/Had I..., Were
4. have fallen 解析：句意：要是没有政府和科学家的合作，与艾滋病相关的死亡人数就不会从 2005 年的 最高值降下来。从句“Had...not worked together”是对过去情况的假设，所以主句谓语要用 wouldn't have done.
necessary, natural, strange, important,
等 用 于 句 型 surprising, vital
“It
中， 引导的主语从 is+adj.+that...” that
句中谓语动词常用“（should)do”形式
It is necessary that he(should)sort out the information for my reference.
高考英语复习语法知识专题讲解 专题十 虚拟语气
一．虚拟语气在 if 非真实条件句中的应用
虚拟条件从句(if)
主句
与现在事实相反的 主语+did/were
假设
与过去事实相反的 主语+had done
假设
与将来事实相反的 主语+ 1.did/were
假设
2.should do
高考英语必考虚拟语气考点来，你都会吗？
高考英语必考虚拟语气考点来，你都会吗？虚拟语气又称假设语气，是谓语动词的一种形式，表示说话人叙述的内容与事实相反，在现实中并不存在，或实现的可能性很小（动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等）。
If I were a bird, I could fly in the air. 如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。
I wish it were spring all the year round. 但愿四季如春。
May good luck be yours! 祝你好运！考点聚焦1、虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中（常出题点）（1）表示与现在事实相反的假设：条件状语从句中的谓语动词用“过去式（be动词的过去式用were）”，而主句中的谓语动词用“would / should/ could / might + 动词原形”。
如：If I were a boy, I would join the army.If she had time, she should go with you.（2）表示与过去的事实相反:条件状语从句中的谓语动词用过去完成时，主句中的谓语动词则用“would / should / might / could + have +过去分词”。
如：If he had taken my advice, he would have succeeded in the competition.（3）表示与将来事实相反: 条件状语从句中的谓语动词一般过去时或should/were to/did + 动词原形，而主句中的谓语动词则用would / should/could might + 动词原形。
如:If it were to rain tomorrow, the football match would be put off.If it should rain, the crops could be saved.If I were to do the work, I should do it in a different way.Note: 三种变化形式1.错综条件句：虚拟条件句中的主句和从句涉及的动作发生的时间不一致，这时主句和从句的谓语形式应按照各自动作发生的实际时间来表达。
高中英语高考语法知识整理复习(虚拟语气+倒装句)
高考英语虚拟语气一、虚拟条件句中的虚拟语气1、表示与现在事实相反的情况从句：If+主语+did (be动词用were)主句：主语+ should/would/might/ could + doIf I were you, I would take an umbrella.如果我是你，我会带把伞。
（事实：我不可能是你）If I knew his telephone number, I would tell you.如果我知道他的电话号码，我就会告诉你。
（事实：不知道）If there were no air or water, there would be no living things on the earth.如果没有水和空气，地球上就不会有生物。
(事实：地球上既有空气也有水)2、表示与过去事实相反的情况从句：If+主语+ had + done主句：主语+should/would/might/could+have doneIf I had got there earlier, I should/would have met her.如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她（事实：去晚了）。
If he had taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake.如果他听我的劝告的话，就不会犯这样的错误了。
（事实：没有听我的话）3、表示与将来事实相反的情况从句：①if+主语+were to do②if+主语+should+do③if+主语+过去式（be动词用were）主句：主语+should/would/might/could+doIf he should come here tomorrow, I would talk to him.如果他明天来这儿的话，我就跟他谈谈。
（事实：不可能来）If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would go skating.如果下周日下大雪，我们就去滑冰。
高考虚拟语气用法归纳
高考虚拟语气用法归纳咱先来说说这虚拟语气啊，对于要高考的同学们来说，那可真是个有点头疼但又特别重要的知识点。
虚拟语气这玩意儿，简单来说，就是假设一些不太真实或者没发生的情况。
比如说，“要是我当时好好学习，现在就不会这么发愁了”，这就是一种虚拟语气的表达。
咱们先瞅瞅条件状语从句中的虚拟语气。
要是与现在事实相反，从句就得用“if ＋主语＋动词过去式（be 动词用 were）”，主句呢，就得用“主语＋ would/could/should/might ＋动词原形”。
就像有个同学跟我抱怨，说：“老师，要是我现在有超能力，一下子就能记住所有单词，那英语考试就不愁啦！”这就是假设了一个现在不可能有的情况。
再说说与过去事实相反的情况。
从句得是“if ＋主语＋ had ＋过去分词”，主句就得变成“主语＋ would/could/should/might ＋ have ＋过去分词”。
我记得有一次，一个同学考完试后懊悔地说：“哎呀，要是我考试前多做几道数学题，这次就不会错那么多了！”这就是在后悔过去没做的事儿。
还有和将来事实相反的，从句可以是“if ＋主语＋ were to ＋动词原形；if ＋主语＋ should ＋动词原形”，主句依然是“主语＋would/could/should/might ＋动词原形”。
想象一下，有同学说：“要是明天世界末日，今天我就啥也不学，尽情玩！”虽然这事儿不太可能，但就是这种假设的虚拟语气。
虚拟语气在宾语从句里也有讲究。
比如说，wish 后的宾语从句，与现在事实相反用一般过去时；与过去事实相反用过去完成时；与将来事实相反用 would/could ＋动词原形。
我曾经听到一个同学许愿说：“真希望我现在是个学霸，啥题都会做！”这就是典型的与现在事实相反的虚拟语气表达。
还有在主语从句中，“It is ＋形容词（或过去分词）＋that”结构中，如果形容词或过去分词表示“建议、要求、命令”等，从句的谓语动词要用“should ＋动词原形”，should 可以省略。
高考语法虚拟语气
高考语法虚拟语气虚拟语气在高考语法考试中占据很重要的位置。
虚拟语气是用来表示非真实的、不确定的、假设的情况，或表达愿望、建议、命令等的语气。
下面我将详细介绍虚拟语气的各种形式及其用法。
一、虚拟语气的情态动词虚拟语气通常由情态动词来表示，包括：1. should + 动词原形，可以表示建议或命令。
2. would + 动词原形，可以表示请求或愿望。
3. could + 动词原形，可以表示能力、请求或愿望。
4. might + 动词原形，可以表示可能性。
5. had + 过去分词，可以表示对过去情况的假设。
6. were + 动词原形，多用于第二和第三人称单数的句子中，表示假设或愿望。
二、虚拟语气的用法1. 虚拟条件句虚拟条件句常用在表示条件的从句中，表示与现在或将来事实相反的假设情况。
主句中常使用情态动词或“would”来表示假设的结果。
例句1：If I were a bird, I would fly in the sky.（假设的情况是我是一只鸟，结果是我会在天空中飞翔。
）例句2：If you had studied harder, you would have passed the exam.（假设的情况是你学习更努力了，结果是你已经通过考试了。
）2. 虚拟语气用于表达命令、建议、要求、要求等虚拟语气还常用于表达命令、建议、要求等。
在这种情况下，常用“should + 动词原形”或“would + 动词原形”。
例句3：You should help your parents with the housework.（你应该帮助你的父母做家务。
）例句4：I wish you would listen to me.（我希望你能听我说。
）3. 虚拟语气用于表达愿望虚拟语气还常用于表达愿望，其中“would”是常见的情态动词。
例句5：I wish I could play the piano.（我希望我能弹钢琴。
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虚拟条件句与高考虚拟条件句是中学英语课本中的一个重点句法,也是历年高考的热点。
现笔者在此将这一句法的基本用法及其在句中的活用分析如下:一、虚拟条件句的基本结构及其用法1. 与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句在条件状语从句中,如果假设的条件不符合现在的实际情况,主从句要用虚拟语气。
其结构为:If sb. did (were) ..., sb. would (should, could, might) + 动词原形。
(注意:从句中的动词were可用于各种人称,主句中的should只可用于第一人称单复数。
) 如:If I were you, I would not do it.If he had time, he would go to the concert with you.2. 与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句在条件状语从句中,如果假设的条件不符合过去的实际情况,主从句要用虚拟语气。
其结构为:If sb. Had done sth., sb. would (should, could, might) + 动词完成式( have done sth. )。
(注意:在这一结构中,如果从句中有过去时间状语,其谓语动词也不用一般过去时)。
如:If my lawyer had been here last Saturday, he would have prevented me from going the re.与高考链接:You didn't let me drive. If we in turn, you so tired.A. drove; didn't getB. drove; wouldn't getC. were driving; wouldn't getD. had driven; wouldn't have got析:选D。
从前一分句You didn't let me drive可知,讲话人所陈述事实发生在过去。
是一个与过去事实相反的假设,说明"我们没有轮流开车,所以,你很疲劳"。
根据所提供的四个选项,只有答案D符合句子结构。
3. 与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句在条件状语从句中,如果所表示的动作内容实现的可能性没有或很小,主从句要用虚拟语气。
其结构为:If sb. did (were to /should do) sth., sb. would (should, could, might) + 动词原形。
(注意:从句中的should或were可用于各种人称,从句中无论哪种人称都不可用would。
) 如:If I should see him this afternoon, I would give the note to him.If there were to be a meeting this evening, I would come.与高考连接:If it tomorrow, we put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge.A. rains; would have had toB. were to rain; will have toC. should rain; would have toD. rained; should have had to析:选C。
根据语境中所给时间状语tomorrow可知,这是表示将来的条件状语从句,本句可使用陈述语气(条件句用一般现在时,主句用一般将来时),也可使用与将来事实相反的虚拟语气(条件句用did/were to do/should do...,主句用would do...),根据所给选项,只有答案C为正确答案。
二、虚拟条件句的活用1. 时间错综虚拟结构在虚拟条件句中,有时主句与从句所指的时间不一致,这时,我们不能照搬虚拟条件句式结构的某种形式,而应根据主从句动词实际的时间概念来确定动词的虚拟结构。
如:If she had followed the doctor's advice, she would be quite all right now.如果她当初听了医生的忠告,她现在就完全康复了。
(这是一个与事实相反的非真实条件句。
if引导的条件句中的动作是过去发生的事情,说明与过去事实相反,应选用过去完成时,而主句中的动作受现在时间状语now限制,说明与现在事实相反,故主句应选用would (could, should, might) +动词原形结构。
)与高考链接:It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown.A. wouldn't have fallenB. had not fallenC. should fallD. were to fall析:选B。
根据题干中what Iwould be doing today可知,这是表示与现在事实相反的主句结构,而if引导的条件状语从句中所给的时间状语为at the age of seven过去时间状语,故从句应选用与过去事实相反的虚拟结构(过去完成时)。
2. 省略if的虚拟结构在虚拟条件句中,如果if 引导的虚拟条件句中有should, had,或were等助动词,表示与将来、过去或现在事实相反,if常可以省略。
这时,从句要采用倒装结构,即将从句中助动词should, had, were调至主语之前。
例1: Were I in school again, I would study harder.= If I were in school again, I would stu dy harder. 如果我(现在)再上学的话,我会更加努力学习的。
(与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句)例2: Should it (Were it to) snow tomorrow, we would be very happy. =If it should (If it were to) snow tomorrow, we would be very happy. 如果明天下雪,我们将很高兴。
(与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句)例3: Had it not been for your help, I couldn't have finished it ahead of time.= If it hadn't been for your help, I couldn't have finished it ahead of time. 要不是你的帮助,我就不能提前完成这项任务。
(与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句)与高考链接:for the free tickets, I would not have gone to the films so often.A. If it is notB. Were it notC. Had it not beenD. If they were not析:选C。
根据主句中谓语动词结构would not have gone,说明前一分句是与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句,应选用过去完成时结构,分析四个选项,只有选项 C (倒装结构)为正确答案。
3. 并列连词或副词暗示的虚拟结构在一个并列句型结构中,有时假设的条件是由句中的并列连词或副词暗示出来。
常见的并列连词或副词有but, or, otherwise等。
例:I would have gone to America with my friend, but I was stopped by my mother. 要不是我母亲阻止我,我就跟朋友去美国了。
该句是由并列连词but连接的并列句。
后一分句强调过去发生的客观事实,故要用一般过去时的陈述结构;前一分句中,根据but转折连词的暗示,实际上省略了一个与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句If I hadn't been stopped,故前一分句应视为省略了条件句的主句结构,与过去事实相反,应用would have gone。
与高考链接:Yesterday Jane walked away from the discussion. Otherwise, she something she w ould regret later.A. had saidB. saidC. might sayD. might have said析:选D。
分析题干,前一分句暗示了过去的事实,而句中副词otherwise暗示了条件,并说明了后一分句中的一个非真实情况,表示与过去事实相反。
后一分句实际上省略了一个与过去事实相反的条件句If she had not walked away from the discussion, 故后一分句应视为省略了条件句的主句结构,与过去事实相反, 应选用might have said。
4. 介词或介词短语暗示的虚拟结构在一个简单句式结构中,有时假设的条件隐含在某些介词短语中。
常见的介词或介词短语有without, but for等。
例:Without electricity, human life would be quite different today. 如果没有电,今天人类的生活就完全不同了。
该句为一简单句,句中介词短语Without electricity暗示条件,实际上相当于一个明确的条件状语从句If there were no electricity。
根据句意及句中时间状语today说明句子是对现在的假设,所以,该句应用与现在事实相反的动词虚拟形式。
与高考链接:Without the air to hold some of the sun's heat, the earth at night , too cold for us to live.A. would be freezing coldB. will be freezing coldlyC. would be frozen coldD. can freeze coldly析:选A。
句中介词短语Without the air to hold some of the sun's heat暗示条件,根据句意及句中时间状语,该句应用与现在事实相反的动词虚拟结构形式。
5. 分词短语暗示的虚拟结构在一个简单句式结构中,有时句中假设的条件隐含在现在分词短语或过去分词短语之中。