浙江省高考英语二轮复习 科普知识阅读理解(1)
高考英语二轮科普知识阅读理解解析答案_1
2016浙江高考英语二轮科普知识阅读理解（2）解析答案科普知识（阅读理解）由(2009安徽,C)改编Sometimes,the simplest ideas are the best.For example,to absorb heat from the sun to heat water,you need large,flat,black surfaces.One way to do that is to build those surfaces specially,on the roofs of buildings.But why go to all that trouble when cities are full of black surfaces already,in the form of asphalt(柏油) roads?Ten years ago,this thought came into the mind of Arian de Bondt,a Dutch engineer.He finally persuaded his boss to follow it up.The result is that their building is now heated in winter and cooled in summer by a system that relies on the surface of the road outside.The heat-collector is a system of connected water pipes.Most of them run from one side of the street to the other,just under the asphalt road.Some,however,dive deep into the ground.When the street surface gets hot in summer,water pumped through the pipes picks up this heat and takes it underground through one of the diving pipes.At a depth of 100 metres lies a natural aquifer(蓄水层) into which several heat exchangers(交换器) have been built.The hot water from the street runs through these exchangers,warming the groundwater,before returning to the surface through another pipe.The aquifer is thus used as a heat store.In winter,the working system is changed slightly.Water is pumped through the heat exchangers to pick up the heat stored during summer.This water goes into the building and is used to warm the place up.After performing that task,it is pumped under the asphalt and its remaining heat keeps the road free of snow and ice.1.Which of the following is true according to the first two paragraphs?()A.Arian de Bondt got his idea from his boss.rge,flat,black surfaces need to be built in cities.C.The Dutch engineer’s system ha s been widely used.D.Heat can also be collected from asphalt roads.2.For what purpose are the diving pipes used?()A.To absorb heat from the sun.B.To store heat for future use.C.To turn solar energy into heat energy.D.To carry heat down below the surface.3.From the last paragraph we can learn that .A.some pipes have to be re-arranged in winterB.the system can do more than warming up the buildingC.the exchangers will pick up heat from the street surfaceD.less heat may be collected in winter than in summer4.What is most likely to be discussed in the paragraph that follows?()A.What we shall do if the system goes wrong.B.What we shall do if there are no asphalt roads.C.How the system cools the building in summer.D.How the system collects heat in spring and autumn.语篇解读:城市的黑色柏油路有了用武之地,可以用来收集热量,起到冬暖夏凉的功效。
2013浙江省高考英语二轮专题阅读理解(科普知识类)(1)(解析).DOC
2013浙江省高考英语二轮专题：阅读理解（科普知识类）（1）（解析）C8 科普知识类（一）[2012·长沙市雅礼中学第四次月考]A funny thing happened on the way to the communications revolution: we stopped talking to one another.I was walking in the park with a friend recently, and his cell phone rang, interrupting our conversation.There we were, walking and talking on a beautiful sunny day and…I became invisible, absent from the conversation.The telephone used to connect you to the absent.Now it makes people sitting next to you feel absent.Why is it that the more connected we get, the more disconnected I feel? Every advance in communications technology is a tragedy to the closeness of human interaction.With e-mail and instant messaging over the Internet, we can now communicate without seeing or talking to one another.With voice mail, you can conduct entire conversations without ever reaching anyone.If my mom has a question, I just leave the answer on her machine.As almost every contact we can imagine between human beings gets automated, the alienation(疏远) index goes up. You can't even call a person to get the phone number of another person anymore.Directory assistance is almost always fully automated.I am not against modern technology.I own a cell phone, an A TM card, a voice-mail system, and an e-mail account.Giving them up isn't wise, they're a great help to us.It's some of their possible consequences that make me feel uneasy.More and more, I find myself hiding behind e-mail to do a job meant for conversation, or being relieved that voice mail picked up because I didn' t really have time to talk.The industry devoted to helping me keep in touch is making me lonelier, or at least facilitating my antisocial instincts.So I've put myself on technology restriction: no instant messaging with people who live near me, no cell-phoning in the presence of friends, no letting the voice mail pick up when I'm at home.16．Which of the following would be the best title of the passage?A.The Advance of Communications TechnologyB.The Consequences of Modern TechnologyC.The Story of the Communications RevolutionD.The Automation of Modern Communications17．The sentence “Now it makes people sitting next to you feel absent”means that _________.A．the people sitting beside you have to go away to receive phone callB．you can hardly get in touch with the people sitting beside youC．modern technology makes it hard for people to have a face-to-face talkD．people can now go to work without going to the office18．The writer feels that the use of modern communications is _________.A．satisfying B．encouragingC．disappointing D．embarrassing19．The passage implies that ________.A．modern technology is bridging peopleB．modern technology is separating peopleC．modern technology is developing too fastD．modern technology is interrupting our communication20．What does the underlined word “facilitating” mean?A．加深B．限制C．帮助D．装备【要点综述】本文主要论述现代技术的消极影响——现代技术的使用在疏远人与人之间的距离。
2023届高考英语二轮阅读理解专题之科普知识类说明文(含参考答案、核心词汇背诵默写版、参考译文)
2023届高考英语二轮阅读理解专题之科普知识类说明文（含参考答案、核心词汇背诵默写版、参考译文）A篇Every person yawns. So do many other vertebrate (有脊椎的) animals, including snakes, dogs, cats, sharks, and chimpanzees. While yawning is contagious (会传染的), not everyone catches a yawn. Around 60-70% of people yawn if they see another person yawn in real life or in a photo or even read about yawning. Contagious yawning also occurs in animals, but it doesn’t necessarily work the same way as in people.Scientists have proposed many theories for why we catch yawns. Probably the most popular theory is that yawning serves as a form of nonverbal communication. Catching a yawn shows you’re accustomed to a person’s emotions. Scientific evidence comes from a 2010 study at the University of Connecticut, which concluded yawning does not become contagious until a child is about four years old when empathy (共情) skills develop. In the study, children with autism, who may have impaired empathy development, caught yawns less often than their peers.Studying contagious yawning in other animals may provide clues to how people catch yawns. Contagious yawning in animals may serve as a means of communication. Siamese fighting fish yawn when they see their mirror image or another fighting fish, generally just prior to an attack.Contagious yawning is linked to temperature, in both animals and people. Most scientists speculate it is a thermoregulatory behavior, while some researchers believe it is used to communicate a potential threat or stressful situation. A 2010 study of budgerigars (虎皮鹦鹉) found that yawning increased as temperature was raised near body temperature.People commonly yawn when tired or bored. Similar behavior is seen in animals. One study found the brain temperature in sleep deprived rats was higher than their core temperature. Yawning reduced brain temperature, possibly improving brainfunction. Researchers will do further study on this.1.What can we learn about yawning from Paragraph 1?A．All animals yawn.B．Reading about yawning may make a person yawn.C．Only vertebrate animals yawn.D．Yawning works the same for human and animals.2. Why does the author mention children with autism in Paragraph 2?A．To prove a theory.B．To define a conceptC．To develop the theme.D．To provide the background.3. Siamese fighting fish yawn to ________.A．show kindness.B．find a partner.C．give a threat.D．escape from danger.4. What can be inferred from the passage?A．More research in yawning will be carried out in the future. B．Temperature is not a factor concerning yawning.C．The secret to yawing has been worked out.D．Yawning can improve brain function greatly.B篇Using the power of artificial intelligence (AI) , scientists have revealed new insights into the creation and destruction of mass extinction. Contrary to conventional knowledge, their study suggests that larger extinctions are not always a form of "creative destruction" that allows new organisms (生物体) to radiate and evolve. Instead, it suggests that mass extinction is rarely associated with new species of radiation.Dr. Hoyal Cuthill, the lead study author from the University of Essex in the UK and the Tokyo Institute of Technology, said in a statement, “Some of the mostchallenging things to understand the history of life are the vast timelines involved and the number of species. New machine learning applications can help us understand this information in human-readable form. This means that we can, so to speak, hold the evolution of half a billion years in the palm of our hand and gain new insights from what we see.”They concluded that mass extinction and later radiation were not connected as previously thought. Within 5 percent of the most significant periods of disruption (中断), AI detected “big five” mass extinctions, seven more mass extinctions, two mass extinction-radiation events, and 15 mass radiations. Most importantly, it discovers that massive radiation and extinction rarely occurred with each other, changing the view that greater extinction leads to a kind of deep cycle-like species radiation of nature. It appears that larger extinctions are certainly not the engine of evolutionary radiation. Take the Cambrian eruption for example and it was about 41 million years ago when a large group of animals first appeared on the record of the first fossil record and the dawn of a high mobile animal equipped with modern physical features.This new study found that a handful of other notable explosions of biodiversity, including the Cambrian eruption, usually occurred at a time when they were largely isolated (隔离) from extinction. Dr. Nicholas Guttenberg, a study co-author from the Tokyo Institute of Technology explained, “Ecosystems are dynamic and you don't need anything to exist to allow something new to appear.”1. What does the first paragraph serve as?A. An explanation of artificial intelligence.B. A background of researchers' study.C. The reasons for creative destruction.D. The result of researchers' new study.2. What can we infer from Dr. Hoyal Cuthill's words?A. AI contributes a lot to the study of evolution.B. Understanding the history of life is very difficult.C. New AI machines learn applications better.D. Biological evolution can be controlled easily.3. What is the researchers' discovery?A. Mass extinction is unlikely to cause evolutionary radiation.B. The first animal with modern features occurred during eruption.C. The volcanic eruption led to a mass extinction and radiation.D. The idea of deep cycle-like species radiation has turned out true.4. What is the text mainly about?A. New processes of biological evolution.B. New view of radiation from natural species.C. New understanding of mass extinction.D. New outbreaks of biological populations.C篇Midway through The Matrix, Cypher feasts on an enormous steak, well aware that his reality is not real, part of a digital program telling his brain that the steak is a construction and that it is “juicy and delicious.” Two decades after the movie made its first appearance, something unexpected arises: The future of reality will not only be virtual but also synthetic (合成的). Cypher’s future meal will be a physical one, synthesized from animal cells.And the synthesis goes beyond dinner. Starting with components from the natural world, scientists are learning to engineer microorganisms and build biocomputing systems. However, biology has a tendency to evolve in unexpected ways.Synthesized meat is one case in point. The driving forces behind the meat movement are practical. It has been estimated that cultured (培育的) meat would require 7 to 45 percent less energy and produce 78 to 96 percent less greenhouse gas than conventional animals farmed for consumption. But once we’re able to synthesize meat, theoretically, we’ll have the capability to culture meat from any animal, even those we’d never consider eating today, like dolphins or chimpanzees, which will pose a new regulatory challenge for us.Using synthetic biology, we can even edit and rewrite life, the technology of which are already in use. In 2021, scientists in some countries announced they had grown monkey embryos injected with human stem cells. Here comes the situationworth considering: such a monkey-human hybrid will demonstrate qualities that are somewhere between humans, on which experimentation isn’t allowed, and animals, which are often raised specifically for research. How will we decide when an animal becomes too human?Depending on where you stand, the synthetic realities land somewhere between “really exciting” and “critically concerning.” As individuals, we undertake a shared responsibility to make good choices about this coming synthetic technology.1.What do we know about Cypher’s steak in the movie?A．It is anything but appetizing.B．It is enjoyed in a virtual world.C．It is synthesized from animal cell.D．It is a construction made by himself.2. What’s the advantage of synthesized meat?A．It is more nutritious.B．It is more energy-consuming.C．It is more environment-friendly.D．It is more controllable in regulation.3. What is the author’s attitude to the experiment in Paragraph 4?A．Cautious.B．Favorable.C．Pessimistic.D．Indifferent.4. What is the purpose of the text?A．To popularize synthetic technology.B．To indicate challenges of synthetic technology.C．To stress the importance of synthetic technology.D．To introduce the development of synthetic technology.参考答案A1.B2.A3.C4.A参考答案B1.D2.A3.A4.C参考答案C1.B2.C3.A4.B1.yawn/jɔːn/v.打哈欠2.shark n.鲨鱼3.contagious/kənˈteɪdʒəs/adj.传染的4.propose v.提议- proposal n.提议5.theory n.理论6.verbal&oral adj.口头的7.be accustomed to doing sth8.impair/ɪmˈpeə(r)/v.损害，削弱9.peer n.同龄人10.clue n.线索11.serve as a means of communication充当交流的手段12.mirror image 镜像13.prior to...先于......14.speculate/ˈspekjuleɪt/v.猜测15.a potential threat/buyer/customer潜在的危险/买家/顾客16.a stressful situation17.deprive/dɪˈpraɪv/ v.剥夺，使丧失18.core n.核心，果核19.brain function大脑功能20.concerning prep.关心1.yawn/jɔːn/v._____2.shark n._____3.contagious/kənˈteɪdʒəs/adj.______4.propose v.提议- ________ n.提议5.theory n._____6._______&oral adj.口头的7.be accustomed ____(do) sth8.______/ɪmˈpeə(r)/v.损害，削弱9._____ n.同龄人10._____ n.线索11.serve as ___ means of communication充当交流的手段12.mirror image _____13.prior ___...先于......14.________/ˈspekjuleɪt/v.猜测15.a potential threat/buyer/customer潜在的_____/____/_____16.a ________(stress) situation17.________/dɪˈpraɪv/ v.剥夺，使丧失18._______ n.核心，果核19.brain function_______20.________(concern) prep.关于1.reveal v.揭露2.insight into...对......的洞悉3.destruction n.破坏4.mass extinction 大规模灭绝5.contrary to conventional knowledge和传统知识相反anism/ˈɔːɡənɪzəm/ n.生物，有机体organic/ɔːˈɡænɪk/adj.有机的7.radiate/ˈreɪdieɪt/v.流露，辐射8.evolve v.进化- evolution n.进化- evolutionary adj.进化的9.be associated with...和......有关10.timeline n.时间轴11.so to speak也就是说12.palm/pɑːm/n.手掌13.conclude- conclusion n.结论14.massive adj.大规模的15.it appears that…看来16.engine n.动力，引擎17.fossil/ˈfɒs(ə)l/n.化石18.the dawn of civilization文明的开端19.a handful of...少量的20.notable adj.显著的21.explode- explosion n.爆炸22.co- author联名作者23.ecosystem/ˈiːkəʊsɪstəm/ n.生态系统24.dynamic/daɪˈnæmɪk/adj.动态的，充满活力的1._______ v.揭露2.insight _____...对......的洞悉3.destruction n.破坏4.mass extinction ________5.contrary ____ conventional knowledge和传统知识相反anism/ˈɔːɡənɪzəm/ n.________ organic/ɔːˈɡænɪk/adj.______7.radiate/ˈreɪdieɪt/v.__________8.evolve v.进化- ________ n.进化- _________ adj.进化的9.be associated ____...和......有关10.timeline n.______11.so to speak________12._______/pɑːm/n.手掌13.conclude- ________n.结论14._______ adj.大规模的15.it appears that…看来...16_______ n.动力，引擎17.fossil/ˈfɒs(ə)l/n._____18.the _____ of civilization文明的开端19.a handful of...少量的20._______(note) adj.显著的21.explode- _______ n.爆炸22.co- author联名作者23.ecosystem/ˈiːkəʊsɪstəm/ n.________24._________/daɪˈnæmɪk/adj.动态的，充满活力的核心词汇C1.feast on ...尽情享受2.enormous/ɪˈnɔːməs/adj.巨大的3.construction/kənˈstrʌkʃn/n.建设4.juice- juicy taste- tastyponent/kəmˈpəʊnənt/n.成分6.have a tendency to do sth 趋势，倾向7.evolve- evolution - evolutionary8.in an unexpected way9.a driving force 动力10.it is estimated that…11.conventional adj.传统的12.consume- consumption n.消费13.theory- theoretical adj.理论上的14.capable- capability n.能力15.have the capability to do sth16.consider doing sth17.pose a new threat/challenge 18.edit v.编辑- editor n.编辑19.inject/ɪnˈdʒekt/ v.注射20.embryo/ˈembriəʊ/ n.胚胎21.popular- popularize v.普及22.stem cells 干细胞23.demonstrate v.展示24.hybrid/ˈhaɪbrɪd/n.混合物，杂种25.undertake a shared responsibility承担共同责任1.feast ____ ...尽情享受2.__________/ɪˈnɔːməs/adj.巨大的3._________/kənˈstrʌkʃn/n.建设4.juice-_____ taste- ______5.________/kəmˈpəʊnənt/n.成分6.have a _______ to do sth 趋势，倾向7.evolve- evolution - _________8.___ an unexpected way9.a driving force 动力10.___ is estimated that…11._________ adj.传统的12.consume- _________ n.消费13.theory- theoretical adj._____14.capable- _________ n.能力15.have the capability___(do) sth16.consider ______(do) sth17.____ a new threat/challenge 18.edit v.编辑- ______ n.编辑19._____/ɪnˈdʒekt/ v.注射20.embryo/ˈembriəʊ/ n.______21.popular- __________ v.普及22.stem cells ______23.__________ v.展示24.hybrid/ˈhaɪbrɪd/n.混合物，杂种25.undertake a ______(share) responsibility承担共同责任参考译文A每个人都会打哈欠。
2022高考英语二轮阅读理解归类复习—科普知识(详解)
2022高考英语二轮阅读理解归类复习—科普知识（详解）AScientists at Royal Holloway，University of London and Queen Mary，University of London have discovered that bees learn to fly the shortest possible route between flowers even if they discover the flowers in a different order.Bees are effectively solving the“traveling salesman problem”，and they are the first creatures found to do this.The traveling salesman must find the shortest route that allows him to visitall locations on his route puters solve it by comparing the length of allpossible routes and choosing the shortest，and it can keep computers busy fordays.However，bees solve it without computer assistance using a brain the size ofgrass seed.Dr.Nigel Raine，from the School of Biological Sciences at Royal Holloway explains，“Bees solve traveling salesman problems every day.They visit flowers at multiple locations and because bees use lots of energy to fly，they find a route which keeps flying to a minimum.”The team used the computer to control artificial flowers to test whether bees would follow a route defined by the order in which they discovered the flowers or if they would find the shortest route.After exploring the location of the flowers，bees quickly learned to fly the shortest route.As well as improving our understanding of how bees move around the landscape pollinating crops and wild flowers，this research，which is due to be published in The American Naturalist，has other applications.Our lifestyle relies on networks such as traffic on the roads，information flow on the Web and business supply chains.By understanding how bees can solve their problems with such a tiny brain，we can improve our management of these everyday networks without needing lots of computer time.Dr.Raine adds，“Despite their tiny brains bees are capable of extraordinary feats of behavior.We need to understand how they can solve the traveling salesman problem without a computer.”Note：pollinate v t.授粉【语篇解读】英国的科学家发觉，蜜峰在花丛中飞行时，总是能够找到最近的路线，那个“销售员旅行难题”即使电脑也需要好几天才能解决。
2019高考英语二轮阅读理解讲与练(解析)-科普知识与现代技术(1)
2019高考英语二轮阅读理解讲与练（解析）-科普知识与现代技术（1）AyearagoAugust,DaveFusslosthisjobdrivingatruckforasmallcompanyinwestMichigan.Hi swife,Gerrie,wasstillworkinginthelocalschoolcafeteria,butworkforDavewasscarce,a ndthepriceofeverythingwasrising.TheFusseswereatriskofjoiningthemillionsofAmeric answhohavelosttheirhomesinrecentyears.ThenDaveandGerriereceivedatimelygift—$7,000,alegacy(遗产)fromtheirneighborsIshandArleneHatch,whodiedinanaccident.“Itreallymadeadifferencewhenweweregoingunderfinancially，”saysDave. ButtheFussesweren’ttheonlyfolksinAltoandtheneighboringtownofLowelltoreceiveunexpectedlegacyfromth eHatches.DozensofotherfamiliesweretouchedbytheHatches’generosity.Insomecases,itwasafewthousanddollars;inothers,itwasmorethan$100,000. ItsurprisednearlyeveryonethattheHatcheshadsomuchmoney,morethan$3million—theywereanelderlycouplewholivedinanoldhouseonwhatwasleftofthefamilyfarm. ChildrenoftheGreatDepression,IshandArlenewereknownfortheirhabitofsaving.Theythr ivedon(喜欢)comparisonshoppingandwouldroutinelygofromstoretostore，checkingpricesbeforemakinganewpurchase.Throughtheyears,theHatchespaidforlocalchildrentoattendsummercampwhentheirparent scouldn’taffordit.“IshandArleneneveraskedifyouneededanything，”saystheirfriendSandyVanWeelden,“Theycouldseethingstheycoulddotomakeyouhappier,andtheywoulddothem.”EvenmoreextraordinarywasthattheHatcheshadtheirfarmlanddistributed.ItwastheHatch es’wishthattheirlegacy—alegacyofkindnessasmuchasoneofdollarsandcents—shouldenrichthewholecommunity(社区)andlastforgenerationstocome. Neighborshelpingneighbors—thatwasIshandArleneHatch’sstory.【出处：济南中学2018寒假练习】体裁：夹叙夹议话题：本文主要介绍了一对关心邻里、无私奉献的夫妻。
高考英语二轮复习浙江专检测：阅读理解题型突破(一) Word含解析
每一题型独立页面设计，可裁下上交作业，方便教师检查批阅。
每课时突破一个题型，学生先做，教师后评。
阅读理解题型突破(一)细节理解题(A卷)(加彩的题目为细节理解题，本卷限时20分钟)A(2018·金丽衢十二校联考)Fitness bands like the Apple Watch and the Fitbit aim to track something like heart rate.But early models weren’t all that accurate.We thought of them a little bit like random number generators (生成器)．They really didn’t seem to be providing anything that bore any relationship to heart rate.Euan Ashley, a cardiologist (心脏病专家), studies wearables at Stanford University.He and his colleagues have now tested seven newer fitness bands, from brands like Apple, Fitbit to others and he says those heart rate statistics have gotten much better.“Yeah we were pleasantly surprised actually by how good the accur acy of the heart rate monitoring was.”For most of the devices, the error rate was less than 5%, which is good enough for your doctor.But where all the devices failed to measure up was estimating calories burned.Even the most accurate devices were off by 30%, compared to lab measurements of energy consumption.One device was off by more than 90%.If you think about going to the gym and working out for an hour and maybe that’s around 400 calories, then in reality that could be anything from 200 to 800.And that’s a big difference if you’re thinking about somebody who’s incorporating those estimates into their lifestyle and particular thinking about what to eat that evening based on the workout they did that afternoon.The results are in the Journal of Personalized Medicine.The reason for the discrepancy, Ashley says, could be that we all burn energy at different rates and that’s hard to calculate from simple input statistics like weight and height.Some people are incredibly efficient and look incredibly elegant when they run.And others really clearly look like they’re burning a lot more calories to cover the same amount of ground.So if you own a wearable, it’s probably safe to trust the heart data.But what it can’t tell you is whether your time on the treadmill (跑步机) really justifies that chocolate bar.语篇解读：像苹果手表等大多数的智能穿戴产品对心脏的数据监测是有效的，但是，这些产品对卡路里的燃烧数据记录却不精确，误差很大，因此，我们不能完全依赖这些设备来决定我们的生活方式。
高考英语学科复习--科普类阅读理解解析版
2020届《高考英语学科复习关键问题指导与训练》选送（二）（1---40篇科普类阅读理解）一、存在问题及错误原因分析近年高考科普类阅读理解文本多为自然科学类或者人文社科类的说明文和论说文，2018和2019年全国卷I阅读理解试题中人文社科类和自然科学类的文本各有一篇，出现在C篇和D篇，占据阅读理解四选一试题的半壁江山。
高考中考生在科普类阅读理解语篇中的得分率较低，从近年我省高考实测数据来看，科普类文本的难度值低于阅读理解四选一平均难度的试题占到难题中的66.67%。
具体试题归类如下：（一）细节理解题2题28. What can we infer about languages in hunter-gatherer times?（2018年C篇）A. They developed very fast.B. They were large in number.C. They had similar patterns.D. They were closely connected.【分析】本题为推理判断题，正确答案为B。
该题的难度为0.43。
误选D的考生达到52.25%。
体现出我省部分考生语篇意识不强，不关注上下文语境关联性，存在一知半解、似是而非的情况，无法基于文本信息进行正确的理解和推断。
30. What do the researchers expect of the smart keyboard?（2019年C篇）A. It’ll be environment-friendly.B. It’ll reach consumers soon.C. It’ll be made of plastics.D. It’ll help speed up typing.【分析】本题为细节理解题，正确答案为B。
该题的难度为0.51，属于难题。
误选C的考生达到23.27%。
考生在于审题能力不足，信息定位失误，错将事实当成期待。
2024届高考二轮复习英语课件：阅读理解-说明文之科普知识类
The birds they followed were part of a well-monitored population of blue tits in a wood near the institute.Most birds in this wood carried tracking devices fitted to them after their capture in mist nets.That allowed the institute’s researchers to keep track of a vast number of individuals by recording their arrival at food containers throughout the wood.Instead of food, these containers were loaded with wool of different colours.Interestingly, researchers soon found that most nests of blue tits included only the colour of the wool first chosen by a nestbuilder.
Social expectations probably also play a role.Studies have shown that women feel pressure to keep their homes clean,for instance,and feel judged if they don’t.Men,on the other hand,are often praised for doing daily tasks like taking a child to an appointment.
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科普知识阅读理解（1）科普知识（阅读理解）由 (2013新课标全国Ⅰ,B)改编The baby is just one day old and has not yet left hospital.She is quiet but alert (警觉).Twenty centimeters from her face researchers have placed a white card with two black spots on it.She stares at it carefully.A researcher removes the card and replaces it by another,this time with the spots differently spaced.As the cards change from one to the other,her gaze(凝视) starts to lose its focus—until a third,with three black spots,is presented.Her gaze returns:she looks at it for twice as long as she did at the previous card.Can she tell that the number two is different from three,just 24 hours after coming into the world?Or do newborns simply prefer more to fewer? The same experiment,but with three spots shown before two,shows the same return of interest when the number of spots changes.Perhaps it is just the newness? When slightly older babies were shown cards with pictures of objects(a comb,a key,an orange and so on),changing the number of objects had an effect separate from changing the objects themselves.Could it be the pattern that two things make,as opposed to three? No again.Babies paid more attention to squares moving randomly on a screen when their number changed from two to three,or three to two.The effect even crosses between senses.Babies who were repeatedly shown two spots became more excited when they then heard three drumbeats than when they heard just two;likewise(同样地) when the researchers started with drumbeats and moved to spots.1.The experiment described in Paragraph 1 is related to the baby’s .A.sense of hearingB.sense of sightC.sense of touchD.sense of smell2.Babies are sensitive to the change in .A.the size of cardsB.the colour of picturesC.the shape of patternsD.the number of objects3.Why did the researchers test the babies with drumbeats?( )A.To reduce the difficulty of the experiment.B.To see how babies recognize sounds.C.To carry their experiment further.D.To keep the babies’ interest.4.Where does this text probably come from?( )A.Science fiction.B.Children’s literature.C.An advertisement.D.A science report.语篇解读:本文为说明文。
研究人员通过一系列试验,检验婴儿对数量变化的敏感程度,发现当数量发生变化时,婴儿会变得更加兴奋。
答案及剖析:1.B 推理判断题。
根据第一段中的“She stares at it carefully.”和“Her gaze returns”可知,该试验主要针对的是婴儿的视觉(sense of sight)。
2.D细节理解题。
根据第一段中的“until a third,with three black spots,is presented.Her gaze returns:she looks at it for twice as long as she did at the previous card.”可知,当图片上物体的数量发生变化时,婴儿注视图片的时间增加了一倍。
由此可知,婴儿对物体数量的变化非常敏感。
3.C 推理判断题。
根据第二段的内容可知,研究者变换了对婴儿的刺激方式,是为了更深入地进行研究。
故选C项。
4.D 推理判断题。
本文介绍了对婴儿进行的试验、试验的经过、结果等,因此本文可能来自于一份科学报告。
故选D项。
【长难句子分析】当正方形上的数字由两个变成三个或由三个变成两个时,婴儿就更多地注意屏幕上任意移动的正方形。
阅读理解。
阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
【2013·江西临川一中压轴考试】Since we are social beings，the quality of our lives depends in large measure on our interpersonal relationships.One strength of the human conditions is our possibility to give and receive support from one another under stressful (有压力的) conditions.Social support consists of the exchange of resources among people based on their interpersonal ties.Those of us with strong support systems appear better able to deal with major life changes and daily problems.People with strong social ties live longer and have better health than those without such ties.Studies over types of illnesses，from depression to heart disease，show that the presence of social support helps people defend themselves against illness，and the absence of such support makes poor health more likely.Social support cushions stress in a number of ways.First，friends，relatives and coworkers may let us know that they value us.Our selfrespect is strengthened when we feel accepted by others in spite of our faults and difficulties.Second，other people often provide us with informational support.They help us to define and understand our problems and find solutions to them.Third，we typically find social companionship supportive.Taking part in freetime activities with others helps us to meet our social needs while at the same time distracting (转移注意力) us from our worries and troubles.Finally，other people may give us instrumental support—money aid，material resources，and needed services—that reduces stress by helping us resolve and deal with our problems.1．Interpersonal relationships are important because they can________.A．deal with life changesB．smooth away daily problemsC．make people live more easilyD．cure types of illnesses2．The researches show that people’s physical and menta l health________.A．has much to do with the amount of support they get from othersB．lies in the social medical care systems which support themC．depends on their ability to deal with daily worries and troublesD．is related to their courage for dealing with major life changes.3．Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word “cushions”？A．takes place of B．makes up ofC．lessens the effect of D．gets rid of4．Helping a sick neighbor with some repair work in spare time is an example of________. A．instrumental supportB．informational supportC．social companionshipD．the strengthening of selfrespect5．What is the subject discussed in the text?A．Effects of stressful conditions.B．Kinds of social support.C．Ways to deal with stress.D．Interpersonal relationships.语篇解读本文是一篇议论文。