自考本科英汉互译-汉译英常用结构和句型
汉译英常见句型和短语
汉译英常用句型和短语1.It is said / reported / predicated (断定)/ believed / asserted（宣称）/ supposed / well-known / generally considered…that… 据…It must be admitted / pointed out… that…预计中国打算在近期购买私车的人数将达到三百万。
It is predicted that the car purchasers in China will amount to 3 million in the near future.到2008年第四季度，国民经济年均增长率预计将达到10%。
The annual average growth rate of national economy is estimated to reach 10% by the last quarter of 2008.必须指出，这样的错误不能再犯。
It must be pointed out that mistakes of this kind should not be repeated.看来这两个科学分支是相互依存，相互作用的It seems that these two branches of science are mutually dependent and interacting.已经证明，感应电压使电流的方向与产生电流的磁场力方向相反。
It has been proved that induced voltage causes a currentto flow in opposition to the force producing it.直到十九世纪人们才认识到热是能量的一种形式。
It was not until the 19th century that heat was considered as a form of energy.2.It is important (necessary, urgent, difficult, easy,expensive, desirable, advisable, convenient, comfortable) for sb. to do sth.人们希望建立更多的医院、购物中心、娱乐中心、电影院和其他公用设施来满足人民日益增长的需求。
汉译英十大经典句型
一 A + a 结构这种结构通常是指一个大句子后面带有一个小结构，翻译方法通常可以将前者翻译成中心句，后面翻译成同位语，介词短语或是分词和定语从句。
例1：现在我们有16个系，下设39个专业。
There are 16 departm ents with 39 special ties in our school.（后面翻译成wi th的介词结构，这种形式是最常见的方法。
）例2：北京有10个区9个县，总面积1万6千800平方公里。
There are 10 distric ts and 9countie s in Beijing with an area of16 thousan d 8 hundred squarekilomet ers. （方法和上句一样。
）例3：中国在2000年悉尼奥运会上，获得28枚金牌，在奖牌榜上名列第三。
China won 28 gold medalsat the 2000 SydneyOlympic Game, ranking the 3rd on the medal tally. （这句是将后面的句子翻译成分词结构。
）例4：在过去的一年里，中国贯彻扩大内需的方针，经济得到稳步发展。
Last year, China impleme nted the policyof enlargi ng domesti c demands, which led to steadyeconomi c develop ment. （这种方法就是把后面一部分翻译成非限定性定语从句，当然我们也可以用并列结构，但是在口译考试中我们对主张用主次结构。
）二 A + a1 + a2 结构这种结构通常是指在主句后面同时出现了两个小句子，翻译的方法通常是将后两者同时变化成定语从句或是同位语的结构，还可以把其中两个变成介词或是同位语结构，这种结构十分常见。
专升本汉译英翻译技巧
In spite of/despite her parents’ strong opposition/objection
实例分析:常考结构与用法
14.______________________ _______________________ ___________(为了确保他参 加会议), I called him up in advance.
have been translated into multiple/many different languages
实例分析: （二）短语及习惯表达法
1.The finding of this study failed to _______________________ (将人们的睡眠质量考虑在 内).
实例分析:短语及习惯表达法
5. The study shows that the poor functioning of the human body is____________ (与缺乏锻 炼密切相关).
• 考试目的
•
翻译题做题基本步骤
• 步骤1
• 根据汉语题干意思确定句型、句子基本结构， 特别是是否需要倒装等。此外，还需要注意修饰 成分（定、状、补）的位置以及核心语法（虚拟 语气、比较状语从句、倒装句、非谓语动词、时 态、语态等）。
翻译题做题基本步骤
• 步骤2
• 确定译文的选词、词序等的组织与表达。此 处要注意词语以及重点短语结构的选取。考生需 要熟悉掌握考试大纲所要求的全部单词词组。
实例分析:常考结构与用法
17. Fred bought a car last week. It is______________________ (比我的车便宜一千英镑).
自考英教本翻译英汉互译重点句子
英汉互译教程总复习1．Joint military exercises have increased in the region, to the detriment of trust between countries.联合军事演习在本地区有增无减，不利于国家间建立信任。
2．This old man gets up and goes to bed with the sun everyday.这位老翁每天黎明即起，日落而息。
3．A nearby object falling into a black hole is never heard of again.附近的天体一旦落入黑洞，就会销声匿迹。
4．我们应该抢时间赶任务。
We should work against the clock.5.These hospital expenses made inroads on my savings.这些住院费耗掉了我大部分积蓄。
6．They killed a bottle of Kaoliang between them.他们二人对酌，把一瓶高粱酒喝得一干二净。
7．When it came to reading, they were as good as blind.一拿起书本，他们可都成了睁眼瞎了。
8．Blood is thicker than water.血浓于水。
9．人们笑贫不笑娼。
People ridicule poverty but not prostitutes.10. Last night I heard him driving his pigs to market.昨夜我听见他鼾声如雷。
11．They ran away as fast as their legs could carry them.他们拼着命地逃跑。
12．People were born survivors.人的生存能力是与生俱来的。
专升本汉译英英译汉词汇语法
英译汉1.Sometimes the consequences of a poor decision are slight; at other times they are serious.2.The essential problem of man in a computerized age remains the same as it has always been.3.It is not how much time you allocate for study that counts but how much you learn when you do study.4.The nearer a society approximates to zero population growth, the older its population is likely to be.5.Young people nowadays are growing up old, with the conviction that achievement is measured by how manypossessions they own.6.The intellectually curious and hard-working students should be praised and help up as examples to otherstudents.7.Generally speaking, a child who lives in a boring environment will develop his intelligence less than one wholives in rich and varied surroundings.8.For a number of years, our population has been growing at approximately two percent perineum higher thanany other metropolis in the world.9.It is well-known that many of our problems are caused at least in part by failure to communicate.10.Had you gone and explained that your parents were ill at the time, your Math instructor would have been happyto give you a make-up examination.11.I had no sooner locked the door than the telephone rang.12.For the first 5 to 10 minutes of your activity routine, go slowly and easily, gradually increasing your pace, soyour muscles have a chance to warm up .13.Gradually slow your pace for about 5 minutes; then do a few stretches to improve flexibility.14.You can use your target heart rate to decide how much harder you workout needs to be.15.Try shorter periods of activity spread throughout the day, such as walk 3 times a day for 10 minutes.16.I am afraid I can’t teach you swimming. I think my little brother is a better teacher than I17.The two sides have exchanged letters for a long time for deeper understanding.18.This is not John’s fault. He was against the plan from the very beginning.19.When I first met my husband, I was still a stranger to China.20.It is our great pleasure to note that our economy is developing vigorously.汉译英1.一看到你们经理，我便会想起自己人生中的第一次面试。
自考英语翻译技巧讲
自考英语翻译技巧四英汉互译时的词性转换I.英语的名词转译成汉语的动词：英汉两种语言具有不同的辞语结构。
在汉语里，一个句子可以有多个动词并排使用，不管有多少动词，都可以按照先后的顺序一个一个地排下去；而英语则是一门静止的语言，在同等条件下，选择用名词的情况居多数，例如：1.在名词转译成动词的句子中：a. My shock and embarrassment at finding Mother in tears on Wednesday was a perfect index of how little I understood the pressures on her（我星期三发现妈妈在流眼泪而感到震惊、尴尬，这就表明我对妈妈所承受的压力知道的多么少。
）在这个句子当中，shock ， embarrassment， index等等都是英语趋向于用名词而不用动词的最好例子b. Because they tremble at the thought of being seen in public in clothes that are out of fashion and they are always taken advantage of by the designers and the big stores.（他们一想到在公共场穿不时髦的衣服，就感到浑身不自在，而一些商店和设计师们正是利用了他们的这种弱点。
）c. As a boy and then as an adult， I never lost my wonder at the personality that was Einstein. （不论是在儿时还是长大以后，我一直都对爱因斯坦的人格感到很好奇。
）d. Most of my friends live in the city， yet they always to into raptures at the mere mention of the country. （我的大多数朋友都住在城里，然而，他们只要一提起乡村就欣喜若狂。
自考英语(二)——汉译英重要句型
自考英语（二）——汉译英重要句型1. 状语从句1) 如果你坚持不听我的话，我就是要惩罚你。
If you persist in ignoring what I (have) said, I will punish you.2) 如果你不努力学习，你就没有可能在竞赛中取胜。
If you do not study hard ／work hard at your studied ，you will stand no chance of winning / it will not be possible ／it will be impossible for you to win in the contest ．3) 如果他被迫去做他不乐意做的事，他不可能高兴。
If he is compelled to do what he does not enjoy doing, he cannot be happy.4) 不论他怎么说，我也不相信他。
Whatever he says, I won't believe him.5) 有些星辰的密度(density)达到某一点就会爆炸。
Some stars explode when their density increases to a certain point.6) 直到最近我才意识到语言与文化密切相关。
I didn ’t realize that language was closely related to culture until (quite) recentlythat language and culture were so closely related to each other.Not until (quite) recently did I realize that language was closely related to culture.7) 我工作了一整天，所以你来看我时，我很疲倦。
自考英语(二)重点句型总结-赢在路上
2012年自考英语（二）重点句型总结一1、强调句It was lightening that caused the forest fire last year.正是闪电引起了去年的那场火灾。
2、虚拟语气We hurried back to school lest/ for fear that it （should）rain. 我们匆匆忙忙地赶回学校，生怕天会下雨。
3、比较级the more…the more The more time a person spends on his wo rk，the less time he has to play. 一个人花在工作上的时间越多，花在玩耍上的时间就越少。
4、This subject is far more difficult than everybody has previously expected.这门课程比每个人以前预料的还要难得多。
5、more t han…/rather than… A political figure's success depends more on external factors than his own characteristics. 一个政治人物的成功与其取决于他个人的特点，不如说取决于外部因素。
6、让步状语Whether you believe him or not，you have to make the decision.无论你是否相信他，你都必须做出决定。
7、no matter what/ who/when/how…，No matter how hard he tried，he couldn't persuade his friends to give up the adventure. 无论他怎么努力，都不能说服他的朋友们放弃冒险。
8、despite/in spite of …，He decided to carry out the plan in spite of theprotest from his parents. 他决定不顾父母的反对执行他的计划。
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汉译英常用结构和句型一、主语（一）主语的确定：汉语中长主语，短谓语的句子翻译，即戏称“头大身子小”的句型。
【“尾重”原则（end weight）】1. 我国政府愿意在平等互利、相互开放、长期合作、共同发展的基础上，进一步加强同亚洲各国的经济合作和贸易交流。
The Chinese government stands ready to further strengthen economic cooperation and trade ties with other Asianations on the basis of equality and mutual benefit, mutual openness, long-term cooperation and common development.2. 未来老百姓的生活会更好。
× The life of the people in the future will be better.√ The people will lead/ live a better life in the future.3. 中国加入世贸组织后，外商参与中国西部开发的机会将越来越多。
× The opportunities for foreign businesses to participate in China’s development of the western region will increase.√ Foreign businesses will have more and more opportunities to participate in China’s development of the western region.4. 浙江大学建校100年来，办学取得了巨大成功。
× Zhejiang University has been established for more than 100 years, and made great achievements / made a huge success in its school running.√ Zhejiang University has made great achievements / made a huge success in its school running since its establishment 100 years ago.5. 该产品的主要特点是工艺精湛，经久耐用。
This product is chiefly characterized by its fine workmanship and durability.6. 语言这个东西不是随便就可以学好的，非下苦工夫不可。
The mastery of language is not easy and requires painstaking effort.7. 如今，年过半百的他还是时常想起自己童年时代的玩伴。
Even now, memories of his childhood playmates haunt the man in his fifties.8. 我们相信，在新的一年里，通过双方的努力，我们的业务和友好合作关系会得到发展。
We believe we will be able to develop business relations and friendly cooperation through our common efforts in the coming year.9. 尽管己退居二线，他的工作热情丝毫不减。
He works enthusiastically as ever even though he has retired from the leading post.10. 我来到杭州教书，完全是一个巧合。
It has been an unexpected piece of luck for me to become a teacher in Hangzhou.11. 进行社会主义现代化建设，必须尊重知识，尊重人才。
In our drive for socialist modernization, we must respect knowledge and talented people.（二）名词化12. 捕获萨达姆·侯赛因并不意味着在伊拉克的冲突会就此结束。
The capture of Saddam Hussein does not mean the end of conflict in Iraq.13. 医疗服务不能改变预期寿命，许多当代的临床护理在治病中所起的作用也并不重要，这些事实都是有据可查的。
The impotence of medical services to change life expectancy and insignificance of much contemporary clinical care in the curing of disease are all well-documented.14. 中国加入世界贸易组织，将为中国和亚洲以及世界各国各地区经济的发展注入新的活力。
China’s entry into the WTO will instill new vitality into the economic growth of China as well as other countries and regions in Asia and beyond.15. 坚持一个中国的原则，是实现和平统一的基础和前提。
Adherence to the principle of one China is the basis and premise for peaceful reunification.16. 如果英国同意进行克隆，这将是世界上的首例。
这也会促进其他国家放松对于胚胎研究的限制。
UK’s approval of cloning, a world first, would encourage other countries to ease restrictions on embryo research.17. 两代人缺乏交流，代沟不断加深，这使得一些家庭深感烦恼。
The widening generation gap resulting from the lack of communications between generations is upsetting some families.18. 新的景点不断出现，观光人数不断增加，地区经济也有了很大发展。
The emergence of one new scenic spot after another and the influx of more and more tourists have also boosted the economy of the region.19. 黄色书刊及音像制品现己难觅踪迹，这证明了中国的扫黄运动正在取得进展。
The disappearance of such materials as pornographic and obscene books, periodicals and tapes is proof thatChina’s campai gn against porns is making progress.20. 农民缺乏培训，许多农场生产效率低下，这就使得大多数农民处于贫困的困境。
Inadequate training for farmers and the low productivity of many farms place the majority of country dwellers in a disadvantageous position in their own countries.21. 汽车数量与日俱增，大气污染日益加重，让城市的居民们倍感恼火。
The urban dwellers are/feel exasperated by the constantly growing number of cars / automobiles and the increasingly severe air pollution.二、定语22. 产生的热量等于消耗了的电能。
The heat produced is equal to the electrical energy wasted.23. 当向上的力与向下的力相等时，气球就保持在这一高度。
The balloon stays at the level when the force upward equals the force downward.24. 据报道，今年全国应届大学毕业生面临前所未有的就业压力。
It is reported that the graduates fresh from college all over the country this year are faced with unprecedented pressure of employment.25. 一切物质，不论是气态、液态，还是固态，都由原子组成。
All substances, whether gaseous, liquid or solid, are made of atoms.26. 上海的许多大公司都专门设有售后服务中心，接受维修业务和处理客户投诉，目的在于与国际接轨。
Many large companies in Shanghai have geared themselves to the international conventions by setting up after-sales services to accept repairs and deal with customers’ complaints.27. 从新闻媒介所暴露的情况来看，不正之风在一些地区已非常严重，必须采取严格措施刹住这股歪风。
Some austere measures should be taken to check the unhealthy tendencies which, according to the press exposures, were rampant in some localities.28. 经济全球化是当今世界经济发展的客观趋势，其基本特征是资本、技术、商品、信息和服务在全球范围内自由流动和优化配置，使世界各国经济相互依存、相互影响日益加深，给世界各国经济发展带来了新的动力和机遇。