【US20190318168A1】SCENECLASSIFICATION【专利】
河北省邯郸市魏县2024-2025学年高三上学期开学考试英语试题
河北省邯郸市魏县2024-2025学年高三上学期开学考试英语试题一、阅读理解Do you want to boost your ATAR, a rank which indicates the overall achievements of all Year 12 students in Australia, and get a preview of university life? When you join the Deakin Accelerate Program, you’ll get a head start by completing two first-year university units while you’re still a high school student.How Deakin Accelerate Program worksYou’ll study two first-year university units through the program. If you choose to study and experience university life on campus, you’ll attend classes and conferences during the day. Or if studying online is more accessible for you, complete the program online in your free time at school or after hours when it suits you.No matter how you choose to study, you’ll benefit from our online learning platform, which allows you to access classes, workshops, resources and more. Whether you’ re using your desktop, tablet or mobile, you’ll have access to course content all year round and get answers in real time.After successfully completing your Accelerate units, you’ll gain credits which you’ can put towards a related Deakin university course. Plus, there is no charge for that.Apply to the Deakin Accelerate Program if you’re:·a high achiever with above-average Year 11 results;·looking for an extra challenge in high school;·a self-starter who can work independently;·keen to make a head start on your university degree.To be qualified for the program, you must:·be completing Year 12 in 2024;·meet the high school subject requirement;·attain a minimum average grade of 65% across your subjects.For more information about the Deakin Accelerate Program, you can read our FAQs or get in touch using our online inquiry form.Submit an inquiry1．What benefit do participants gain from the Deakin Accelerate Program?A．Receiving a preview of their ATAR.B．Experiencing different learning styles.C．Completing two years’ university units.D．Earning credits towards university courses. 2．What is available for participants on the online learning platform?A．Real-time response.B．Guidance on using devices.C．High school course content.D．An online learning schedule.3．Which is a requirement for the applicants?A．Submitting an inquiry form.B．Graduating from university in 2024.C．Having started to study for a university degree.D．Achieving an average score of at least 65% in all subjects.Now my dad is one of those people who never seem to have much trouble figuring out how to make money. Sure, Mom and Dad had some trouble keeping it for a little while during the bankruptcy (破产) years, but bringing home a good income was never really a problem. That’s because my parents have never been confused about where money comes from.It’s something my dad has told me pretty much every day: Money comes from work. Our culture has made many wonderful advances to ensure the safety and well-being of children. But we may have taken this too far. Many parents today are so centered on what their children want that they have lost perspective on what their children really need. Perspective — looking at life over time — demands that you teach children to work. Teaching a child to work is not child abuse. We teach them to work not for our benefit, but because it gives them both dignity in a job well done today and the tools and character to win in the future as adults.You should view teaching your children to work in the same way you view teaching them to bathe and brush their teeth — as a necessary skill for life. If your child graduates from high school and his only skill set consists of playing video games, complaining and eating junk food, then you have set him up to fail.Another huge benefit of teaching a child the wonder of work is that she will tend to stay away from people who refuse to work. Why is this good? Because you want your daughter tomarry Mr. Right, not Mr. Lazy.So train up a child in the way he should go, and when he is old, he will not go away from it. 4．Which of the following can best describe the author’s dad?A．Generous.B．Hardworking.C．Considerate.D．Confident.5．According to paragraph 2, what are parents today supposed to do?A．To instruct children to work.B．To focus on children’s needs.C．To ensure children’s well-being.D．To maintain the dignity of children. 6．What’s the benefit children can get from work?A．Getting rid of bad habits.B．Helping support the family.C．Learning to use money wisely.D．Keeping away from lazy people. 7．Which column does the text possibly come from?A．Career planning.B．Parental education.C．Financial management.D．Parent-child relationship.Total solar eclipses (日食) have scared people since time out of mind. The first record of one, preserved on a clay tablet found at Ugarit, once a trade city but destroyed later in Syria, is believed from its age and location to describe either an eclipse that happened in 1375 BC or one in 1223 BC．Legendary explanations for eclipses include the Sun being eaten by dogs, frogs or dragons. The reality is not romantic. Why are total ones, like the one coming on April 8, so rare?Solar eclipses are a special case of phenomena called transits and occultations, in which an intervening (介于中间的) heavenly body stops light from a star reaching an observer. If the blocking body appears smaller in the sky than the star, the result is called a transit and looks like a dark spot crossing the star’s surface. If the blocking object appears larger than the star, the star disappears completely—an occultation. A total eclipse is an occultation.Solar eclipses may be either of these things, since the apparent sizes in the sky of the Sun and the Moon, viewed from Earth, are almost identical. If the Moon orbited Earth in the same plane as Earth orbits the Sun, eclipses would happen every month, but would be total only in the tropics (热带地区). In reality, the average interval between total eclipses is 18 months, and they may be seen from time to time all over the world. The path of totality across Earth’s surface isnarrow and the period short (a maximum of just over seven and a half minutes). Outside these boundaries, the Sun will appear partially eclipsed, looking like a pie that something has taken a bite from.The Great North American Eclipse, as it has been called, will be a sight to be hold on April 8. But it should also be cherished, because total eclipses of the Sun will not happen for ever. Tidal friction (潮汐摩擦) causes the Moon to move away from Earth at 3.8 cm a year, making it appear smaller and smaller in the sky. In 600 million years or so the last, short totality will occur. 8．What does the clay tablet of Ugarit represent?A．Some figures of ancient animals.B．The Sun being eaten by some animals.C．Ancient people who were hunting for animals.D．The earliest total solar eclipse recorded.9．How does the author develop paragraph 2?A．By listing statistics.B．By giving definitions.C．By giving examples.D．By analyzing cause and effect.10．What can we learn about total solar eclipses from paragraph 3?A．Their duration is relatively longer.B．They take place every month actually.C．They are visible only from a narrow path.D．They look like a bite taken out of the Sun.11．What makes total solar eclipses so rare?A．The moving-away Moon.B．The stronger tide on Earth.C．The smaller attraction of the Moon for Earth.D．The changing distance between the Sun and Earth.Handwriting notes in class might seem outdated as smartphones and other digital technology cover every aspect of learning across schools and universities. But a steady stream of research continues to suggest that taking notes the traditional way is still the best way to learn, especially for young children. And now scientists are finally zeroing in on why.The new research, by Audrey van der Meer and Ruud van der Weel at the NorwegianUniversity of Science and Technology (NTNU), builds on a foundational 2014 study suggesting that people taking notes by computer were typing without thinking. “It kind of goes in through your ears and comes out through your fingertips, but you don’t process the incoming information,” she says. But when taking notes by hand, it’s often impossible to write everything down; students have to actively pay attention to the incoming information and process it — prioritize it, consolidate it and try to relate it to things they’ve learned before. This conscious action of building onto existing knowledge can make it easier to stay engaged and grasp new concepts.To understand specific brain activity differences during the two note-taking approaches, the researchers sewed electrodes (电极) into a hairnet with 256 sensors that recorded the brain activity of 36 students as they wrote or typed 15 words from the game Pictionary that were displayed on a screen.When students wrote the words by hand, the sensors detected widespread connectivity across many brain regions. Typing, however, led to minimal activity, if any, in the same areas. Handwriting set off connection patterns covering visual regions, which receive and process sensory information, and the motor cortex (运动皮层). The latter handles body movement and sensorimotor integration, which helps the brain use environmental inputs to inform a person’s next action.Sophia Vinci-Booher, an assistant professor of educational brain science at Vanderbilt University, says, “People may not realize when they materialize something by writing or drawing it, this strengthens the concept and helps it stick in their memory.”12．What do we know about the new research?A．It is an initial study on note-taking.B．It offers a new note-taking method.C．It finds the evidence for previous finding.D．It introduces how to take noteseffectively.13．What does the underlined word “consolidate” probably mean in paragraph 2?A．Integrate.B．Demonstrate.C．Obtain.D．Share.14．What happens in the brain when taking notes by hand?A．Visual systems are lacking in activities.B．Some brain areas are highly involved.C．Sensory information is processed rapidly.D．The motor cortex accepts visualinformation.15．What is Sophia Vinci-Booher’s attitude towards the new research?A．Approving.B．Dismissive.C．Doubtful.D．Unclear.Several years ago, I experienced daily severe headaches that made me want to bang my head against a brick wall. I was desperate to find a cure. 16In my hopelessness, my father suggested acupuncture (针灸), a treatment he had experienced in Hong Kong. It had successfully relieved his lower back pain when other treatments and medicines had failed. With limited exposure to traditional Chinese medicine, I decided to give acupuncture a try.With no particular expectations, I found myself in the office of a middle-aged woman, surrounded by Chinese herbal medicines. After explaining my issue, she placed 3 fingers on my wrist to feel my heartbeat. 17 Soon, she took out the needles, which made me somewhat uneasy as such objects typically make me uncomfortable.18 To deal with my headaches, the treatment began on the back of my hand, far from my head. As the doctor gently handled the needles, I got the feeling that something was flowing throughout my entire body.The doctor then continued to tap and move more needles across my body. The electricity was turned on, and the doctor left the room. 19 Around the 5-minute mark, the doctor returned and adjusted the electricity level. A moment later, before I knew it, she turned off the electricity and removed the needles, marking an end to the 20-minute process. She then gave me some herbal medicine to take for 5 days.I returned to the doctor for a total of 10 sessions, and each time the same routine was repeated and the same herbal medicine was given. The true benefits of the acupuncture treatment became clear: I remained free of headaches for 2 years. 20 If you’ve experienced similar conditions, I highly recommend trying it.A．At last, my efforts paid off.B．I now strongly advocate acupuncture.C．I was then guided to a room and told to lie down.D．Despite trying different solutions, nothing worked.E．My initial experience with acupuncture was quite surprising.F．Though it may seem scary, the acupuncture cured my back pain.G．Lying still, I could sense the electricity flowing throughout my body.二、完形填空Frank Herbert’s 1965 novel Dune is widely considered one of the best sci-fi books ever written. It is also one of the first to take environmental concerns 21 .“It’s really calling attention to the 22 to think ecologically,” says Gerry Canavan, co-editor of the history of science fiction. “Prior to that moment, people just weren’t thinking in that way.”Herbert 23 to find a publisher for Dune, facing 23 rejections before it was finally 24 by Chilton Book Company. As the book gained 25 -winning two most prestigious(有声望的)prizes in science fiction and eventually selling around 20 million copies 26 -it began to affect pop culture.Dune 27 the environmental movement, which Herbert largely embraced. “I’m 28 to be put in the position of telling my grandchildren ‘Sorry, no more world for you. We have 29 all the resources,’” Herbert said at the first Earth Day in 1970.Herbert was one of the earliest to 30 renewable energy ,installing(安装) his own solar collector and windmill. He believed that understanding the 31 of human actions could reduce environmental damage.The 32 for Dune came from Herbert’s visit to Oregon’s sand dunes in 1957, where he 33 efforts to stabilize the landscape from local people. His novel serves as a cautionary tale about humanity’s relationship with the environment and the disastrous effects of 34 resource exploitation(开发).Dune challenges readers to consider the impact of their actions on the planet and serves as a 35 of the importance of sustainable living. 21．A．personally B．literally C．seriously D．equally 22．A．necessity B．attempt C．agreement D．freedom 23．A．happened B．struggled C．chosen D．hesitated 24．A．dismissed B．accepted C．recommended D．purchased 25．A．permission B．control C．trust D．popularity26．A．in time B．in turn C．in advance D．in total 27．A．challenged B．pushed C．skipped D．simplified 28．A．unwilling B．unfortunate C．unsuitable D．unlikely 29．A．picked up B．given up C．used up D．piled up 30．A．advocate B．assign C．investigate D．deliver 31．A．similarity B．consequences C．flexibility D．strengths 32．A．support B．proposal C．inspiration D．desire 33．A．witnessed B．spared C．confirmed D．graded 34．A．limited B．balanced C．unchecked D．unchanged 35．A．review B．symbol C．victim D．reminder三、语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
2024北京高三二模英语汇编：阅读理解A篇
2024北京高三二模英语汇编阅读理解A篇一、阅读理解（2024北京顺义高三二模）Have you considered contributing your skills and expertise virtually towards achieving sustainable human development efforts? Through the Online V olunteering service of the United Nations V olunteers (UNV) programme, you can connect with UN agencies, governments, public institutions and civil society organizations — from any device, anywhere in the world. While extending your network, you can also get first-hand practical experience.Requirements:·To sign up on the Unified V olunteering Platform and apply for Online V olunteer assignments, you must be at least 18 years of age.·There is no particular background required to become an Online V olunteer. Each Online V olunteer assignment is different and has its own requirements, set by the host organization.· As an Online V olunteer, you can only support organizations remotely in assignments up to 20 hours per week for a maximum of 12 weeks for each assignment.Criteria and service rules:· Online V olunteers are not under contract with the UNV programme or the engaging organization.· Online V olunteers do not receive any kind of financial benefits.·For each Online V olunteering assignment, a maximum of 25 Online V olunteers can be engaged.Procedures:· Volunteers find assignments of their interest and apply.· Organizations select the volunteers they want to engage.· Volunteers and organizations work together online.· Volunteers and organizations provide feedback on their cooperation.· Organizations issue an electronic certificate of appreciation to their volunteers.1．Through the UNV programme, one can ______.A．travel around the world B．improve their network skillsC．set up civil society organizations D．work on sustainable development2．Which is a requirement for the applicants?A．Being no less than 18 years.B．Finishing 25 online assignments.C．Working at least 20 hours a week.D．Having some practical experience.3．When working in the UNV programme, volunteers will ______.A．sign a contract with an organizationB．find tasks of their interest and applyC．get a paper certificate of appreciationD．receive some kind of financial benefits（2024北京丰台高三二模）Around the world, coral reefs (珊瑚礁) are in danger. Now, let’s check out a fewways conservationists are protecting these habitats.Seaweed SmackdownHot ocean temperatures can supercharge seaweed growth — and that’s not good for a reef. So, in Hawaii, scientists have used an underwater vacuum (真空吸器) to suck up lots of seaweed into the device’s long tube. In Australia, scientists are studying a low-tech solution: pulling seaweed by hand.21Some polyps (珊瑚虫) are harmed by heat waves and pollution. Scientists cut parts of coral from a healthy reef. Then these polyps are taken to a nursery, which could be in shallow protected areas underwater. After about a year, the healthy coral parts are attached to damaged reefs. The nursery-grown corals can bring new life to a struggling habitat.Sound SaverHealthy reefs are noisy. Fish make different sounds, and thousands of shrimp create and pop bubbles with their claws to create a sound. The biologists play sounds of healthy reefs through underwater speakers. They found that six weeks of broadcasting healthy reef sounds doubled the amount of fish in the area.Bleaching KillerOne of the biggest threats to coral reefs is bleaching. Here’s how it works.themake food for the coral bythenowhere else, so they can survive heat waves. Biologists hope their work will inspire governments and environmental groups to protect these corals.4．Which of the following might be the subtitle of Paragraph 3?A．Underwater Nurseries.B．Fishing Guides.C．Seaweed Cleaners.D．Colour Designers.5．What can mainly help stop corals bleaching?A．Breathing in more oxygen.B．Changing the appearance.C．Absorbing more sound.D．Partnering with algae.6．What is the author’s purpose of writing this passage?A．To present the serious damages to corals.B．To explain the reasons for coral habitat loss.C．To introduce the methods of coral protection.D．To compare the effects of different solutions.（2024北京昌平高三二模）Interested in writing, photography or current events? Looking for an experience to inspire your college essays? Or hoping to explore a world-class city with new friends this summer? If so, check out the Boston University Summer Journalism Academy. It’s a program created and run by Boston University,where high school students:● Learn from award-winning, working journalists — including two who have shared in Pulitzer Prizes for their reporting.● Report on actual events around Boston or your hometown.● Place stories with Boston’s Daily Free Press, one of the top college newspapers.● Improve their writing, interviewing, and research skills — applicable for any major and career.The academy offers two options: an on-campus, residential program over three weeks for students with journalism experience, and a learn-from-home program over two weeks for all experience levels. For students interested in photography, we offer a special photojournalism track for both. Every option is organized in three sections:● Classroom starts each day with a review of journalism fundamentals in a collegiate format. A university-level journalism textbook provides daily readings and writing assignments.● Newsroom provides time for students to apply what they learn in the Classroom to hands-on journalism assignments. Over the rest of their day, students conduct interview s and gather information.● Guest Talks offer students advice and insight from journalism experts in topics such as radio reporting and studying journalism in college. Sessions feature a Guest Talk during each three-week session from journalism experts. Students also visit city newsrooms to hear from famous reporters.Applications for the on-campus session June 24 to July 12 are due: April 19. Applications for learn-at-home sessions starting June 17, July 1 and July 15 are due: May 10.● On Campus, residential: Three weeks, including tuition（学费）, activity fees, room and board: $ 6,200. （$ 400 discounts for Early Bird applicants by Mar 8!）Learn-from-Home: Two weeks, tuition: $ 1,500. （$200 discounts for Early Bird applicants by Mar 8!）7. In the program, participants can ______.A. develop their interviewing skillsB. finish their college essays with helpC. get inspiration from retired journalistsD. publish stories in Boston official website8. If one chooses to learn in on-campus program, one needs to ______.A. pay at most $ 1,500B. apply before May 10C. have journalism experienceD. have knowledge in photography9. What will the three sections provide for participants?A. Advice and insight from top photographers.B. Reviews of reading and writing fundamentals.C. A weekly talk with leading journalism experts.D. Chances to put journalism knowledge into practice.（2024北京朝阳高三二模）Do you want to boost your ATAR, a rank which indicates the overall achievements of all Year 12 students in Australia, and get a preview of university life? When you join the Deakin Accelerate Program, you’ll get a head start by completing two first-year university units while you’re still a high school student.How Deakin Accelerate Program worksYou’ll study two first-year university units through the program. If you choose to study and experience university life on campus, you’ll attend classes and conferences during the day. Or if studying online is more accessible for you, complete the program online in your free time at school or after hours when it suits you.No matter how you choose to study, you’ll benefit from our online learning platform, which allows you to access classes, workshops, resources and more. Whether you’re using your desktop,tablet or mobile, you’ll have access to course content all year round and get answers in real time.After successfully completing your Accelerate units, you’ll gain credits which you can put towards a related Deakin university course. Plus, there is no charge for that.Apply to the Deakin Accelerate Program if you’re:Ÿ a high achiever with above-average Year 11 results;Ÿ looking for an extra challenge in high school;Ÿ a self-starter who can work independently;Ÿ keen to make a head start on your university degree.To be qualified for the program, you must:Ÿ be completing Year 12 in 2024;Ÿ meet the high school subject requirement;Ÿ attain a minimum average grade of 65% across your subjects.For more information about the Deakin Accelerate Program, you can read our FAQs or get in touch using our online inquiry form.❖Submit an inquiry10. What benefit do participants gain from the Deakin Accelerate Program?A. Receiving a preview of their ATAR.B. Experiencing different learning styles.C. Completing two years’ university units.D. Earning credits towards university courses.11. What is available for participants on the online learning platform?A. Real-time response.B. Guidance on using devices.C. High school course content.D. An online learning schedule.12. Which is a requirement for the applicants?A. Submitting an inquiry form.B. Graduating from university in 2024.C. Having started to study for a university degree.D. Achieving an average score of at least 65% in all subjects.（2024北京东城高三二模）Over 1.000 of these yellow robots, Spot, are already checking factories and power plants.And now the New York City Fire Department is starting to use the dog-like devices for search-and-rescue missions.In April 2024, a Spot surveyed the remains of a collapsed car park that was considered too unstable for fire crews to enter. Spot can also send back video footage, carry up to 14 kg and. when fitted with an add-on “arm”, open doors and press switches.Lightning SwarmInspired by fireflies, these robots are tiny and can give out light in various colours.The scientists intend the robots to use their lights to signal to and track each other: a low-power communication strategy for a lightweight robot.“We envision sending hundreds or more of these tiny flying robots into a disaster site, and having them collectively search for survivors,” says MIT robotics engineer Prof Kevin Chen. “Once a survivo r is found, they’ll pass the information out to the operators.”Trail BlazersAt the Bajiao Firc Rescue Station, in Yantai, northeast China. a firefighter tests out a fire-fighting robot.For a few years, China has been promoting the technology, which allows humanfirefighters to stay safely outside the danger zone while controlling robot firefighters to put out fires at chemical plants and in subways. One major advantage of this approach is fire resistance — Trail Blazers can work at temperatures of 1,000℃ for over 30 mins.RoosterThanks to its clever design, Rooster can roll across surfaces or fly around to examine almost any type of disaster site, moving through narrow passages and windows, or overobstacles and up or down staircases.Designed to assist in search operations, the robot uses cameras and sensors to scan a space, so that rescuers don’t need to enter dangerous areas. Rooster can also communicate with search teams and other robots via a radio link.13. Which robots can work in the air?A. Spot and Trail Blazers.B. Spot and Lightning Swarm.C. Rooster and Trail Blazers.D. Rooster and Lightning Swarm.14. What do these robots have in common?A. They can send radio signals.B. They are fitted with cameras.C. They can help conduct rescues.D. They are modelled after animals.15. This passage is probably from ______.A. a science magazineB. a test reportC. an operating handbookD. a modern fiction（2024北京海淀高三二模）UN FAO World Food Day Poster Contest applications are now being accepted. Try to picture a future where everyone has access to food and water. What comes to mind? You may help create a sustainable future by taking appropriate action. Create a poster showing your water action for food as part of the World Food Day Poster Contest to showcase your artistic talent.Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations is a specialized agency that leads international efforts to end hunger, promote nutrition, and ensure food security.Procedure and BenefitsFill out the form on our website, take a picture of or scan your submission, and submit it on line. The screening committee will choose 15 posters from each category for the first round (a total of 60 posters from 4 age categories), and those chosen will be notified in December 2024. A certificate for this accomplishment will be given to the shortlisted individuals. Winners will be highlighted on the FAO social media channels and by regional FAO offices.Our judges will choose three winners in each age group, and they will be revealed in December. The winners will also get a diploma and a surprise gift package, as well as promotion from FAO offices throughout the world.Entry Requirements●The entry period will open on June 1, 2024, and end on November 3, 2024.●Per individual, only one entry may be submitted.●Poster entries may be painted, sketched, or drawn using oil or watercolor paint as well asmixed media, pens, pencils, crayons, or charcoal. Artwork produced digitally is also acceptable. No photos are permitted.●Text may or may not be included in poster entries. Use of text is limited to no more than 25 words.●Never mention private information such as names, schools, ages, etc.●Please do not send in physical posters; only digital files saved as JPEGs will be allowed.16. By taking part in the contest, participants can ．A．show their cooking talent B．contribute to food sustainabilityC．raise their nutritional awareness D．have more access to food and water17. The final winners of the contest will be ．A．promoted globally B．informed before DecemberC．invited to regional FAO offices D．decided by FAO after three rounds18. Which of the following posters meets the entry requirements?A．B．C．D．（2024北京西城高三二模）Museum ToursThere are many ways to visit SAAM and the Renwick Gallery and they’re all free!Gallery Tours for All Ages●Group ToursGroup tours are available by request for adult groups of eight or more. Choose from a variety of themes, including current special exhibitions. Request 3 to 4 weeks in advance.●Walk-in ToursWalk-in tours are sometimes available. Check with the Information Desk when you arrive. If a walk-in tour is scheduled for that day:SAAM walk-in tours start at 12:30 to 1:30 p.m. and 2:00 to 3:00 p.m. every day of the week and 4:00 to 5:00 p.m. Thursday through Sunday.Renwick walk-in tours start at 12:00 to 1:00 p.m. every day except Sunday. There are no tours on Sundays.●Self-guided ToursSelf-guided tours using your smartphone are available throughout SAAM. Scan the QR codes to bring lots of information to your fingertips!Access ProgramsFree tours are available online and in our galleries at SAAM or the Renwick Gallery:–in American Sign Language (ASL);–for people with low vision;–for people with mental disorders and their care partners.There is no minimum group size for Access tours.School ToursWe welcome learners of all abilities and from all settings. School tours at SAAM and the Renwick Gallery are:–for kindergarten through college;–in line with national curriculum standards;–interactive and interdisciplinary.School tours last 60 minutes. Want more time in the galleries? Ask about additional activities. Request 4 to 6 weeks in advance.Virtual Programs●Online School Tours:–for 3rd grade through 12th grade;–in line with national curriculum standards;–40 to 60 minutes long.Request 4 to 6 weeks in advance.Online Adult Tours:–available by request;–45 to 60 minutes long;–focus on a variety of themes, including highlights and special exhibitions;–interactive and conversational.Request 4 to 6 weeks in advance.19. If you want to take a walk-in tour, you can visit the SAAM Gallery at ______.A. 12:00 pm on MondayB. 4:30 pm on WednesdayC. 1:00 pm on SundayD. 3:30 pm on Tuesday20. What do we know about the Access Programs?A. Tours are available in English only.B. There is a minimum group size of 8 for Access tours.C. People with mental illness can visit the galleries with their care partners.D. People with poor sight cannot have access to the free tours in the galleries.21. From the passage, we can know ______.A. SAAM and the Renwick Gallery offer paid tours for adult groupsB. school tours are consistent with educational curriculum standardsC. requests for online tours should be made at least 3 weeks in advanceD. visitors can use smartphones to enjoy self-guided tours in Renwick Gallery参考答案1．D 2．A 3．B【导语】本文为一篇应用文。
GlobalFeatures：全局特征
Scene Parsing Using Scene Attributes AsGlobal FeaturesHang SuDepartment of Computer ScienceBrown University*******************May13,2013AbstractData-driven methods have been proven very effective for the task of scene parsing.A crucial step in these methods is to retrieve a setof visually similar scenes from existing image collections for the queryimage according to certain global scene representations.In this work,we incorporate scene attributes into data-driven scene parsing systemsas global scene features.We show that when used as global features,our compact attribute-based scene representation can compete with orimprove on traditional low-level scene representations for the task ofscene parsing and scene retrieval in general.1IntroductionScene parsing is the task of segmenting all the objects in a natural image and identifying their categories.Categorical labels can be given to either each pixel or each region(e.g.superpixel)of the input image,giving a thorough interpretation of the scene content.Most methods proposed for this problem require a generative or discriminative model to be trained for each category,and thus only work with a handful of pre-defined categories [2,3,4,5,8,11,13,14,15].The training process can be very time-consuming and must be done in advance.Even worse,the entire training has to be repeated whenever new training images or class labels are added to the dataset.Recently,several nonparametric,data-driven approaches have been proposed for the scene parsing problem[7,16,1].These approaches require no training in advance.They can easily scale to hundreds of categories1Figure1:Sample outputs of scene attribute detection.(from[10])and have the potential to work with internet-scale,continuously growing datasets like LabelMe[12].There are low-level representations and high-level representations(e.g. attributes or categories)of natural scenes.While much research has been done on various low-level representations,such as the gist descriptor[9]or spatial pyramid[6],less attention has been given to high-level scene rep-resentations and their applications for data-driven vision pared with other high-level representations,scene attributes keep the benefit of be-ing compact and carrying sementic meanings,while giving moreflexible and comprehensive interpretations to natural scenes.We adopt scene attributes designed in[10],which have102discriminative attributes discovered and learned from crowdsourcing.Figure1shows some sample outputs of the attribute detector provided in[10].In this paper we show how well we can improve nonparametric,data-driven scene parsing by adopting scene attributes.Tighe and Lazebnik investigate nonparametric,data-driven scene parsing and achieve state-of-the-art performance[16].We follow their system pipeline(section2)and show that by simply adding scene attributes as one of the features used for global scene representation we can achieve significant performance improve-ment(section3).2System PipelineThe following is a summary of the steps taken by the parsing system for every query image(Figure2).Retrieval Set.Thefirst step in parsing a query image is tofind a re-trieval set of images similar to the query image.The purpose offinding such a subset of training images(there is actually no training process,though we2Figure2:System pipeline of scene parsing.(from[16])still call the images from which we try to learn the”training images”)is to expedite the parsing process and at the same time throw away irrele-vant information which otherwise can be confusing.In[16],three types of global image features are used in this step:gist,spatial pyramid,and color histogram.For each feature type,Tighe and Lazebnik sort all the training images in increasing order of Euclidean distance from the query image.They take the minimum rank accross all feature types for each training image and then sort the minimum ranks in increasing order to get a ranking among the training images for the query image.The top ranking K images are used as the retrieval set.Local Superpixel Labeling.After building the retrieval set,the query image and the images in retrieval set are segmented into superpixels.Each superpixel is then described using20different features.A detailed list of these features can be found in Table1in[16].For each superpixel in the query image,nearest-neighbor superpixels in the retrieval set are found ac-cording to the20features for that superpixel.A likelihood score is then computed for each class based on the nearest-neighbor matches.Classification.In the last step,we can simply assign the class with3the highest likelihood score to each superpixel in the query image,or use Markov Random Field(MRF)framework to further incorporate pairwise co-occurrence information learned from training dataset.As in[1],we report the performance without using the MRF layer in this paper so differences in local classification performance can be observed more clearly.3Scene Attributes As Global FeaturesOur main goal in investigating scene parsing is to see how well our scene attributes work as a scene representation.Thus,we keep most parts of the system in[16]unchanged but use the scene attributes as the global feature or one of the global features in addition to other low-level features forfinding retrieval sets.The dataset we use for this experiment is the SIFT-Flow dataset[7].It is composed of2,688annotated images from LabelMe and has33semantic labels.Since the class frequencies are highly unbalanced,we report both per-pixel classification rate and per-class rate,which is the average of the per-pixel rates over all classes.We also report the performance of an“op-timal retrieval set”,which uses ground-truth class labels instead of global features tofind similar scenes for the query image.This retrieval set is called Maximum Histogram Intersection.It is found by ranking training images according to the class histogram intersections they have with the query image:∩(T arget,Query)= 33j=1min(H T[j],H Q[j])33j=1H Q[j]where H T and H Q are the histograms of target image and query image respectively.This optimal retrieval set is meant to be a performance upper bound and should provide an insight into how much room for improvement there still is in the image retrieval step.In[16],Tighe and Lazebnik proposed a different type of“optimal”retrieval set by ranking training images in terms of the number of pixels their ground truth label maps share with the label map of the query.Our experiment shows ours is uaually better in terms of both per-pixel rates and per-class rates.Figure3and Figure4show the performance comparison among dif-ferent global features.As we can see from the result,using only scene attributes as global features we get higher per-pixel rates than[16],which uses three global features(G+SP+CH),while getting similar per-class rates.4Figure3:Evaluation of using our scene attributes as a global feature for scene parsing on the SIFT-Flow dataset.x-axis represents mean per-class classification rate,y-axis represents per-pixel classification rate.The best performance sits on the top-right corner of the space.The plots also show the impact of changing retrieval set size K.The blue plot shows the result of using gist (G),spatial pyramid(SP),and color histogram(CH)together as scene descriptors forfinding retrieval sets[16].Using scene attributes itself improves the per-pixel rates while the per-class rates are ing scene attributes together with the previous three features increases both the per-pixel rates and the per-class rates.”Maximum Histogram Intersection”is the upper bound we get byfinding retrieval set using ground-truth labels of the query image.5Figure4:Comparision of using various global features for scene parsing. The leftfigure shows per-pixel rates and the right one shows per-class rates.Both the twelve features described in[17]and the three features used in[16](G,SP,CH) are tried seperatly,as well as our scene attributes.We also report the performance of using all features together(G+SP+CH+SUN12+Attr)and using the three features in[16](G+SP+CH).When combining our scene attributes with those three global features(At-tributes+G+SP+CH),both the per-pixel rates and the per-class rates in-crease significantly(73.4%,29.8%(K=200)vs.76.2%,33.0%(K=100)). Considering the compact size of our scene attributes,102dimensions com-pared with the5184-dimension G+SP+CH,this result demonstrates the scene attributes’strong ability for high-level scene representation.It is also worth noting that adding more features beyond this point does not neces-sarily improve the performance.For instance,by using all the12features described in[17]together with the scene attributes,the per-pixel rate and the per-class rate drop to74.6%and30.4%respectively(K=100).4ConclusionScene parsing provides much deeper understanding of scenes than traditional category-based recognition.We investigated the use of attribute-based rep-resentation as global features for scene parsing.These experiments show its capability as a compact yet rich representation,and suggest the possible uses of scene attributes for future data-driven computer vision tasks.6References[1]D.Eigen and R.Fergus.Nonparametric image parsing using adaptiveneighbor sets.In Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition(CVPR), 2012IEEE Conference on,pages2799–2806,june2012.[2]S.Gould,R.Fulton,and D.Koller.Decomposing a scene into geometricand semantically consistent regions.In Computer Vision,2009IEEE 12th International Conference on,pages1–8,292009-oct.22009. [3]Xuming He,R.S.Zemel,and M.A.Carreira-Perpinan.Multiscale con-ditional randomfields for image labeling.In Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition,2004.CVPR2004.Proceedings of the2004IEEE Computer Society Conference on,volume2,pages II–695–II–702Vol.2, june-2july2004.[4]Derek Hoiem,Alexei A.Efros,and Martial Hebert.Recovering surfacelayout from an put.Vision,75(1):151–172,October 2007.[5]L’ubor Ladick´y,Paul Sturgess,Karteek Alahari,Chris Russell,andPhilip H.S.Torr.What,where and how many?combining object detectors and crfs.In Proceedings of the11th European conference on Computer vision:Part IV,ECCV’10,pages424–437,Berlin,Heidel-berg,2010.Springer-Verlag.[6]Svetlana Lazebnik,Cordelia Schmid,and Jean Ponce.Beyond bagsof features:Spatial pyramid matching for recognizing natural scene categories.In Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition,2006IEEE Computer Society Conference on,volume2,pages2169–2178.IEEE, 2006.[7]Ce Liu,Jenny Yuen,and Antonio Torralba.Nonparametric scene pars-ing via label transfer.Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence,IEEE Transactions on,33(12):2368–2382,dec.2011.[8]T.Malisiewicz and A.A.Efros.Recognition by association via learningper-exemplar distances.In Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 2008.CVPR2008.IEEE Conference on,pages1–8,june2008. [9]Aude Oliva and Antonio Torralba.Modeling the shape of the scene:Aholistic representation of the spatial envelope.International journal of computer vision,42(3):145–175,2001.7[10]Genevieve Patterson and James Hays.Sun attribute database:Dis-covering,annotating,and recognizing scene attributes.In Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition(CVPR),2012IEEE Conference on, pages2751–2758.IEEE,2012.[11]A.Rabinovich,A.Vedaldi,C.Galleguillos,E.Wiewiora,and S.Be-longie.Objects in context.In Computer Vision,2007.ICCV2007.IEEE11th International Conference on,pages1–8,oct.2007. [12]Bryan C Russell,Antonio Torralba,Kevin P Murphy,and William Tbelme:a database and web-based tool for image annota-tion.International journal of computer vision,77(1):157–173,2008. [13]J.Shotton,M.Johnson,and R.Cipolla.Semantic texton forests forimage categorization and segmentation.In Computer Vision and Pat-tern Recognition,2008.CVPR2008.IEEE Conference on,pages1–8, june2008.[14]Jamie Shotton,John Winn,Carsten Rother,and Antonio Criminisi.Textonboost:joint appearance,shape and context modeling for multi-class object recognition and segmentation.In Proceedings of the9th European conference on Computer Vision-Volume Part I,ECCV’06, pages1–15,Berlin,Heidelberg,2006.Springer-Verlag.[15]Richard Socher,CliffC Lin,Andrew Y Ng,and Christopher D Man-ning.Parsing natural scenes and natural language with recursive neural networks.In Proceedings of the26th International Conference on Ma-chine Learning(ICML),volume2,page7,2011.[16]Joseph Tighe and Svetlana Lazebnik.Superparsing.International Jour-nal of Computer Vision,101:329–349,2013.[17]Jianxiong Xiao,James Hays,Krista A Ehinger,Aude Oliva,and Anto-nio Torralba.Sun database:Large-scale scene recognition from abbey to zoo.In Computer vision and pattern recognition(CVPR),2010IEEE conference on,pages3485–3492.IEEE,2010.8。
Informatica数据隐私管理说明书
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基于多深度模型集成的音频场景分类方法研究
摘要音频场景分类（Acoustic Scene Classification, ASC）是计算机听觉场景分析(Computational Auditory Scene Analysis , CASA)领域的一种特定任务，它根据音频流的声学内容，识别其所对应的特定场景语义标签，进而达到感知不同，音频场景识别主要依赖信号处理技术和机器学习方法实现自动识别音频场景。
传统的ASC任务，主要针对单个场景进行特征提取和分类器选择。
随着音频采集设备的迅猛发展，各种各样的音频数据被大量收集，传统的信号处理技术和识别方法面临着重大的挑战，急需研究新的技术改善现状。
为了充分的利用繁多的音频场景数据，本文尝试了各种深度学习方法，如多层感知机（Multi-Layer Perceptron, MLP）、卷积神经网络（Convolutional Neural Network, CNN）、长短时循环神经网络（Long Short-Term Memory，LSTM）等。
首先，提取音频的帧级特征，包括：梅尔频率倒谱系数MFCC （Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients，MFCC）特征和对数梅尔谱（Log-Mel Spectrogram）特征，然后将音频帧拼接成段特征，输入到深度学习模型进行识别分类。
为了改善基于LSTM模型的ASC系统，本文提出了一种基于乱序自助采样法的段处理技术。
这种段处理技术不仅可以模拟复杂的时序组合关系，而且可以扩大训练数据规模，从而使模型的泛化能力更强。
为了改善基于MLP模型的ASC方法，本文在模型结构中引入了Attention机制。
通过引入Attention机制，可以突破数据全局表征的局限，更关注数据的关键部分。
同时，Attention机制能很好的处理去耦合问题，即用不同的特征空间来描述不同的场景。
不同种类的深度学习方法对不同场景的识别能力不同，如MLP能很好的识别的场景是沙滩、居民区，而CNN更易区分图书馆、公交车。
nusence数据集解释
nusence数据集解释
nusence数据集是一个用于计算机视觉任务的公开数据集，旨在帮助研究人员
和开发者开展关于目标检测和图像分割的研究。
该数据集由一组图像和与之相关的标签组成，标注了图像中的目标物体的位置和类别。
这个数据集的主要目标是提供一个具有挑战性的视觉任务，以推动计算机视觉
领域算法的发展。
为了达到这个目标，nusence数据集有以下特点：
1. 多样性：nusence数据集包含了各种各样的图像，涵盖了不同的场景、光照
条件和目标类别。
这使得该数据集在真实世界的视觉场景下具有较强的代表性。
2. 复杂性：数据集中的图像具有一定的复杂性，包括目标的遮挡、姿态变化、
尺度变化等。
这些复杂情况使得目标检测和图像分割任务更加具有挑战性。
3. 准确的标注：nusence数据集中的每个图像都被标注了目标物体的边界框和
类别。
这些标注是由专业人士进行的，具有较高的准确性和可靠性。
4. 数据量大：nusence数据集包含了大量的图像样本和对应的标注信息，这为
我们进行大规模的实验和算法评估提供了充足的数据支持。
使用nusence数据集进行目标检测和图像分割的研究可以帮助我们改进现有的
算法，提出新的方法来解决计算机视觉领域的挑战性问题。
通过不断探索和实验，我们可以更好地理解和应用计算机视觉在各个领域的潜力，如自动驾驶、安防监控等。
总的来说，nusence数据集是一个有助于推动计算机视觉领域发展的重要资源，它的存在为研究人员和开发者们提供了一个丰富、多样的实验平台，以提高目标检测和图像分割算法的性能和鲁棒性。
雷击人员伤亡事件的统计分析
农业灾害研究 2023,13(9)雷击人员伤亡事件的统计分析梁忠武，陈 武湖南省湘西土家族苗族自治州气象局，湖南吉首 416000摘要 通过对雷击人员身亡事件网络评论所反映出的观念和认知进行分类和统计，研究了社会公众的雷电认知和雷电安全意识，初步统计了具有防雷安全意识和雷电非科学性认知的人群比例，结果表明：发生雷击人员伤亡时，网民评论反映出的不了解雷电、持迷信观念和对雷电持有非科学性认知的人群比例达到了13%，而具有雷电安全意识或基本防护措施的人群比例不到10%，针对统计结果，从个人防护角度和防雷减灾管理角度提出了措施，以提高整个社会的雷电安全性，降低雷击人员伤亡的发生概率。
关键词 雷击人员伤亡；雷电安全意识；雷电预警信号；网络评论中图分类号：P429 文献标识码：B 文章编号：2095–3305(2023)09–0313-03近年来，随着气象防灾减灾工作和气象灾害风险普查工作不断深入推进与普及，气象监测预报预警技术不断获得新的突破，我国气象灾害的防御能力得到显著提高，但在全球气候变暖、极端天气事件频发的大背景下，气象灾害的形势依然严峻[1-2]。
雷电作为全球公认最严重的十大自然灾害之一，近年来也频繁给人类带来了危害，仍需加强对雷电灾害的防御，雷电的危害包括雷击人员伤亡、雷击建筑物理损坏、雷击电器设备和电子信息系统故障等，其中人员身亡最应被关注和重视[3-4]。
雷雨季节，总会发生很多雷击事故，2022年我国报告的雷击人员伤亡事件就有多起，如2022年5月7日，云南曲靖富源县大河镇脑上居委会境内发生一起雷击事件，致村民1死3伤，事发时上述村民在地里割菜籽；2022年5月28日，四川甘孜州石渠县德荣马乡7名村民挖虫草时遭雷击身亡，年龄最大的才30岁，还有1个小孩；2022年8月24日，一对新人在云南丽江玉龙雪山拍婚纱照时雷击，新郎不幸去世；2022年8月26日晚，安徽南陵县籍山镇南陵广场突发雷击伤人意外事件，4名正在健身的人被雷击中，造成2死2伤。
classification名词解释
classification名词解释Classification（分类）是一种在计算机科学中常用的数据挖掘主题，是学习者根据训练数据集中的某些特征，将潜在的数据分类、组织和区分到多个类别群体中的一种算法。
是在统计学、机器学习和模式识别领域，发展起来的学科，专门用来解决分类、聚类问题。
二、Classification（分类）的方法Classification（分类）的方法有很多，但最常用的方法之一就是朴素贝叶斯（Naive Bayes）分类，它是一种贝叶斯统计方法，可以把一组特征关联到多个类别的分类算法。
它基于概率论，依据给定的特征和类别，基于概率原理确定最有可能的类别。
朴素贝叶斯（Naive Bayes）分类属于监督学习，在给定训练集上可以有效地进行分类，能够良好地处理多维特征和较多的类别。
另外，还有 K邻算法（K-nearest neighbour，KNN），它是一种基于实例的学习方法，可以根据现有数据集中的模式去预测新的数据，不需要先构建模型。
KNN类器会搜索训练集中的数据点，并以它们为基础来确定新数据点的分类，它的好处是很容易实现，但是属于比较慢的算法，而且会产生大量的计算量。
决策树（Decision tree）也是一种常用的分类算法，它可以根据一定特征属性对目标变量进行划分，属于监督式学习，是典型的树形模型，实现的较为简单。
它的优点是在某些数据集上表现出较高的准确率，而且它可以很好地理解和可视化，在实际工作中使用较多。
最后还有神经网络（Neural Networks），它是一种模拟人类脑细胞的网络，由于它的“深度”，可以用来解决比较复杂的分类问题，而且可以自动从训练数据中学习分类规则，省去了人工定义特征的工作量。
三、Classification（分类）在实际应用中的作用Classification（分类）技术已经被用于许多实际应用，包括机器学习、数据挖掘、信息检索、网页排名、文本处理、自然语言处理、图像处理等场景中。