the political system of the USA美国的政治现况简介(英语)

the political system of the USA美国的政治现况介绍（英语）====================================================================== ===================The United States of America is the first country with nuclear weapons, a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council, and a founding member of NATO. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union left the United States as the sole superpower. The country accounts for approximately(近似的) 50% of global military spending and is a leading economic, political, and cultural force in the world.This essay aims at discussing the spirit of constitutional government by studying American political system====================================================================== ===================The United States of America is the first country with nuclear weapons, a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council, and a founding member of NATO. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union left the United States as the sole superpower. The country accounts for approximately(近似的) 50% of global military spending and is a leading economic, political, and cultural force in the world.The political system of the United States Began in 1776.At first it was just a experiment? based on the idea of Equality, Freedom and Justice ,which has already become our world’s universal value(普世价值) now.USA is frequently called a democratic government(民主政体).But properly speaking ,it is a constitutional federal republic (宪政联邦共和制). Constitutional means American government is based on its constitution,which is the supreme law,not only establish the federation?and the state government’s power structure ,but also confirm the authority of the government. Federal ?is embodied in that the system of the United States is composed of a national government and fifty state governmentsRepublic refer to a political entity that is reigned by a elective government ?Government and electionsThe United States is the world's oldest surviving federation. It is a constitutional republic, "inwhich majority rule is tempered by minority rights protected by law."It is fundamentally structured as a representative democracy.The federal government is composed of three branches:Legislative: The bicameral Congress, made up of the Senate and the House of Representatives, makes federal law, declares war, approves treaties, has the power of the purse, and has the power of impeachment, by which it can remove sitting members of the government.Executive: The president is the commander-in-chief of the military, can veto legislative bills before they become law, and appoints the Cabinet and other officers, who administer and enforce federal laws and policies.Judicial: The Supreme Court and lower federal courts, whose judges are appointed by the president with Senate approval, interpret laws and can overturn laws they find unconstitutional.Parties, ideology, and politicsThe United States has operated under a two-party system for most of its history. For elective offices at all levels, state-administered primary elections choose the major party nominees for subsequent general elections. Since the general election of 1856, the major parties have been the Democratic Party, founded in 1824, and the Republican Party, founded in 1854. Since the Civil War, only one third-party presidential candidate—former president Theodore Roosevelt, running as a Progressive in 1912—has won as much as 20% of the popular vote.Within American political culture, the Republican Party is considered center-right or "conservative" and the Democratic Party is considered center-left or "liberal". The states of the Northeast and West Coast and some of the Great Lakes states, known as "blue states", are relatively liberal. The "red states" of the South and much of the Great Plains and Rocky Mountains are relatively conservative.Present situationThe winner of the 2008 presidential election, Democrat Barack Obama, is the 44th U.S. president and the first African American to hold the office. All previous presidents were men of solely European descent. The 2008 elections also saw the Democratic Party strengthen its control of both the House and the Senate. In the 111th United States Congress, the Senate comprises 57 Democrats, two independents who caucus with the Democrats, and 40 Republicans (one seat remains in dispute); the House comprises 256 Democrats and 178 Republicans (one seat is vacant).Political divisionsThe United States is a federal union of fifty states. The original thirteen states were the successors of the thirteen colonies that rebelled against British rule. Most of the rest have been carved from territory obtained through war or purchase by the U.S. government. One set of exceptions comprises Vermont, Texas, and Hawaii: each was an independent republic before joining the union. Another set of exceptions comprises those states created out of the territory of the original thirteen. Early in the country's history, three states were created in this manner: Kentucky from Virginia; Tennessee from North Carolina; and Maine from Massachusetts. During the American Civil War, West Virginia broke away from Virginia. The most recent state—Hawaii—achieved statehood on August 21, 1959. The states do not have the right to secede from the union.American political ideologyGive me your tired, your poor.The wretched refuse of your teeming shore.Send these, the homeless, tempest tost to me.I lift my lamp beside the golden door.---Statue of Liberty把你们疲惫的人,你们贫穷的人/你们渴望呼吸自由空气的挤在一堆的人都给我/把那些无家可归,饱经风浪的人都送来/在这金色的大门旁,我要为他们把灯举起.——自由女神像铭文节选Among the core tenets of this ideology are the following:1 Democracy: The government is answerable to citizens, who may change it through elections.2 Equality: The laws should attach no special privilege to any citizen (that is, citizens should be equal before the law).3 Freedom of Religion, separation of Church and State: The government's power in matters of religion are limited to prevent abuse of power.4 Freedom of Speech: Individuals and political parties debate how this ideology applies to particular circumstances, and may disagree openly with any of it.In the USA,Individual freedoms are important and respected by the government. Even though Congress has no right to interfere with a citizen 's personal liberty.In many countries of the Earth,it is believed that the interests of the country come before everything else. However, The US-led Western w orld deem that “Human Rights Rank Above the Rights of States”many people think it’s just a pretext for intervening in the affairs of other countries.But as a political view,it is just a respect ofprivate freedom and individual rights and interests.THE END====================================================================== =====================referenceWIKIpediaBaidupedia三张大饼's blog斩红郎无双剑's blog人文主义回归's blog普世价值万岁's statement。