软件工程、软件过程术语缩写表
软件的测试英语术语 缩写
软件测试常用英语词汇静态测试：Non-Execution-Based Testing或Static testing 代码走查：Walkthrough代码审查：Code Inspection技术评审：Review动态测试：Execution-Based Testing白盒测试：White-Box Testing黑盒测试：Black-Box Testing灰盒测试：Gray-Box Testing软件质量保证SQA：Software Quality Assurance软件开发生命周期：Software Development Life Cycle冒烟测试：Smoke Test回归测试：Regression Test功能测试：Function Testing性能测试：Performance Testing压力测试：Stress Testing负载测试：Volume Testing易用性测试：Usability Testing安装测试：Installation Testing界面测试：UI Testing配置测试：Configuration Testing文档测试：Documentation Testing兼容性测试：Compatibility Testing安全性测试：Security Testing恢复测试：Recovery Testing单元测试：Unit Test集成测试：Integration Test系统测试：System Test验收测试：Acceptance Test测试计划应包括：测试对象：The Test Objectives测试范围： The Test Scope测试策略： The Test Strategy测试方法： The Test Approach,测试过程： The test procedures,测试环境： The Test Environment,测试完成标准：The test Completion criteria测试用例：The Test Cases测试进度表：The Test Schedules风险：Risks接口：Interface最终用户：The End User正式的测试环境：Formal Test Environment确认需求：Verifying The Requirements有分歧的需求：Ambiguous Requirements运行和维护：Operation and Maintenance.可复用性：Reusability可靠性： Reliability/Availability电机电子工程师协会IEEE：The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) 正确性：Correctness实用性：Utility健壮性：Robustness可靠性：Reliability软件需求规格说明书：SRS （software requirement specification ）概要设计：HLD （high level design ）详细设计：LLD （low level design ）统一开发流程：RUP （rational unified process ）集成产品开发：IPD （integrated product development ）能力成熟模型：CMM （capability maturity model ）能力成熟模型集成：CMMI （capability maturity model integration ）戴明环：PDCA （plan do check act ）软件工程过程组：SEPG （software engineering process group ）集成测试：IT （integration testing ）系统测试：ST （system testing ）关键过程域：KPA （key process area ）同行评审：PR （peer review ）用户验收测试：UAT （user acceptance testing ）验证和确认：V&V （verification & validation ）控制变更委员会：CCB （change control board ）图形用户界面：GUI （graphic user interface ）配置管理员：CMO （configuration management officer ）平均失效间隔时间：（MTBF mean time between failures ）平均修复时间：MTTR （mean time to restoration ）平均失效时间：MTTF （mean time to failure ）工作任务书：SOW （statement of work ）α测试：alpha testingβ测试：beta testing适应性：Adaptability可用性：Availability功能规格说明书：Functional Specification软件开发中常见英文缩写和各类软件开发文档的英文缩写：英文简写文档名称MRD market requirement document （市场需求文档）PRD product requirement document （产品需求文档）SOW 工作任务说明书PHB Process Handbook (项目过程手册)EST Estimation Sheet (估计记录)PPL Project Plan (项目计划)CMP Software Management Plan( 配置管理计划)QAP Software Quality Assurance Plan （软件质量保证计划）RMP Software Risk Management Plan （软件风险管理计划）TST Test Strategy（测试策略）WBS Work Breakdown Structure （工作分解结构）BRS Business Requirement Specification(业务需求说明书)SRS Software Requirement Specification(软件需求说明书)STP System Testing plan (系统测试计划)STC System Testing Cases （系统测试用例）HLD High Level Design (概要设计说明书)ITP Integration Testing plan (集成测试计划)ITC Integration Testing Cases （集成测试用例）LLD Low Level Design (详细设计说明书)UTP Unit Testing Plan ( 单元测试计划)UTC Unit Testing Cases （单元测试用例）UTR Unit Testing Report （单元测试报告）ITR Integration Testing Report （集成测试报告）STR System Testing Report （系统测试报告）RTM Requirements Traceability Matrix (需求跟踪矩阵)CSA Configuration Status Accounting （配置状态发布）CRF Change Request Form （变更申请表）WSR Weekly Status Report （项目周报）QSR Quality Weekly Status Report （质量工作周报）QAR Quality Audit Report(质量检查报告)QCL Quality Check List(质量检查表)PAR Phase Assessment Report （阶段评估报告）CLR Closure Report （项目总结报告）RFF Review Finding Form (评审发现表)MOM Minutes of Meeting （会议纪要）MTX Metrics Sheet （度量表）CCF ConsistanceCheckForm（一致性检查表）BAF Baseline Audit Form（基线审计表）PTF Program Trace Form（问题跟踪表）领测国际科技（北京）有限公司领测软件测试网 /软件测试中英文对照术语表A• Abstract test case (High level test case) ：概要测试用例• Acceptance：验收• Acceptance criteria：验收标准• Acceptance testing：验收测试• Accessibility testing：易用性测试• Accuracy：精确性• Actual outcome (actual result) ：实际输出/实际结果• Ad hoc review (informal review) ：非正式评审• Ad hoc testing：随机测试• Adaptability：自适应性• Agile testing：敏捷测试• Algorithm test (branch testing) ：分支测试• Alpha testing：alpha 测试• Analyzability：易分析性• Analyzer：分析员• Anomaly：异常• Arc testing：分支测试• Attractiveness：吸引力• Audit：审计• Audit trail：审计跟踪• Automated testware：自动测试组件• Availability：可用性B• Back-to-back testing：对比测试• Baseline：基线• Basic block：基本块• Basis test set：基本测试集• Bebugging：错误撒播• Behavior：行为• Benchmark test：基准测试• Bespoke software：定制的软件• Best practice：最佳实践• Beta testing：Beta 测试领测国际科技（北京）有限公司领测软件测试网 /• Big-bang testing：集成测试• Black-box technique：黑盒技术• Black-box testing：黑盒测试• Black-box test design technique：黑盒测试设计技术• Blocked test case：被阻塞的测试用例• Bottom-up testing：自底向上测试• Boundary value：边界值• Boundary value analysis：边界值分析• Boundary value coverage：边界值覆盖率• Boundary value testing：边界值测试• Branch：分支• Branch condition：分支条件• Branch condition combination coverage：分支条件组合覆盖率• Branch condition combination testing：分支条件组合测试• Branch condition coverage：分支条件覆盖率• Branch coverage：分支覆盖率• Branch testing：分支测试• Bug：缺陷• Business process-based testing：基于商业流程的测试C• Capability Maturity Model (CMM) ：能力成熟度模型• Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI) ：集成能力成熟度模型• Capture/playback tool：捕获/回放工具• Capture/replay tool：捕获/重放工具• CASE (Computer Aided Software Engineering) ：电脑辅助软件工程• CAST (Computer Aided Software Testing) ：电脑辅助软件测试• Cause-effect graph：因果图• Cause-effect graphing：因果图技术• Cause-effect analysis：因果分析• Cause-effect decision table：因果判定表• Certification：认证• Changeability：可变性• Change control：变更控制• Change control board：变更控制委员会• Checker：检查人员• Chow's coverage metrics (N-switch coverage) ：N 切换覆盖率• Classification tree method：分类树方法• Code analyzer：代码分析器• Code coverage：代码覆盖率领测国际科技（北京）有限公司领测软件测试网 /• Code-based testing：基于代码的测试• Co-existence：共存性• Commercial off-the-shelf software：商用离岸软件• Comparator：比较器• Compatibility testing：兼容性测试• Compiler：编译器• Complete testing：完全测试/穷尽测试• Completion criteria：完成标准• Complexity：复杂性• Compliance：一致性• Compliance testing：一致性测试• Component：组件• Component integration testing：组件集成测试• Component specification：组件规格说明• Component testing：组件测试• Compound condition：组合条件• Concrete test case (low level test case) ：详细测试用例• Concurrency testing：并发测试• Condition：条件表达式• Condition combination coverage：条件组合覆盖率• Condition coverage：条件覆盖率• Condition determination coverage：条件判定覆盖率• Condition determination testing：条件判定测试• Condition testing：条件测试• Condition outcome：条件结果• Confidence test (smoke test) ：信心测试（冒烟测试）• Configuration：配置• Configuration auditing：配置审核• Configuration control：配置控制• Configuration control board (CCB) ：配置控制委员会• Configuration identification：配置标识• Configuration item：配置项• Configuration management：配置管理• Configuration testing：配置测试• Confirmation testing：确认测试• Conformance testing：一致性测试• Consistency：一致性• Control flow：控制流• Control flow graph：控制流图• Control flow path：控制流路径• Conversion testing：转换测试• COTS (Commercial Off-The-Shelf software) ：商业离岸软件• Coverage：覆盖率• Coverage analysis：覆盖率分析领测国际科技（北京）有限公司领测软件测试网 /• Coverage item：覆盖项• Coverage tool：覆盖率工具• Custom software：定制软件• Cyclomatic complexity：圈复杂度• Cyclomatic number：圈数D• Daily build：每日构建• Data definition：数据定义• Data driven testing：数据驱动测试• Data flow：数据流• Data flow analysis：数据流分析• Data flow coverage：数据流覆盖率• Data flow test：数据流测试• Data integrity testing：数据完整性测试• Database integrity testing：数据库完整性测试• Dead code：无效代码• Debugger：调试器• Debugging：调试• Debugging tool：调试工具• Decision：判定• Decision condition coverage：判定条件覆盖率• Decision condition testing：判定条件测试• Decision coverage：判定覆盖率• Decision table：判定表• Decision table testing：判定表测试• Decision testing：判定测试技术• Decision outcome：判定结果• Defect：缺陷• Defect density：缺陷密度• Defect Detection Percentage (DDP) ：缺陷发现率• Defect management：缺陷管理• Defect management tool：缺陷管理工具• Defect masking：缺陷屏蔽• Defect report：缺陷报告• Defect tracking tool：缺陷跟踪工具• Definition-use pair：定义-使用对• Deliverable：交付物• Design-based testing：基于设计的测试• Desk checking：桌面检查领测国际科技（北京）有限公司领测软件测试网 /• Development testing：开发测试• Deviation：偏差• Deviation report：偏差报告• Dirty testing：负面测试• Documentation testing：文档测试• Domain：域• Driver：驱动程序• Dynamic analysis：动态分析• Dynamic analysis tool：动态分析工具• Dynamic comparison：动态比较• Dynamic testing：动态测试E• Efficiency：效率• Efficiency testing：效率测试• Elementary comparison testing：基本组合测试• Emulator：仿真器、仿真程序• Entry criteria：入口标准• Entry point：入口点• Equivalence class：等价类• Equivalence partition：等价区间• Equivalence partition coverage：等价区间覆盖率• Equivalence partitioning：等价划分技术• Error：错误• Error guessing：错误猜测技术• Error seeding：错误撒播• Error tolerance：错误容限• Evaluation：评估• Exception handling：异常处理• Executable statement：可执行的语句• Exercised：可执行的• Exhaustive testing：穷尽测试• Exit criteria：出口标准• Exit point：出口点• Expected outcome：预期结果• Expected result：预期结果• Exploratory testing：探测测试领测国际科技（北京）有限公司领测软件测试网 /F• Fail：失败• Failure：失败• Failure mode：失败模式• Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) ：失败模式和影响分析• Failure rate：失败频率• Fault：缺陷• Fault density：缺陷密度• Fault Detection Percentage (FDP) ：缺陷发现率• Fault masking：缺陷屏蔽• Fault tolerance：缺陷容限• Fault tree analysis：缺陷树分析• Feature：特征• Field testing：现场测试• Finite state machine：有限状态机• Finite state testing：有限状态测试• Formal review：正式评审• Frozen test basis：测试基线• Function Point Analysis (FPA) ：功能点分析• Functional integration：功能集成• Functional requirement：功能需求• Functional test design technique：功能测试设计技术• Functional testing：功能测试• Functionality：功能性• Functionality testing：功能性测试G• glass box testing：白盒测试H• Heuristic evaluation：启发式评估• High level test case：概要测试用例• Horizontal traceability：水平跟踪领测国际科技（北京）有限公司领测软件测试网 /I• Impact analysis：影响分析• Incremental development model：增量开发模型• Incremental testing：增量测试• Incident：事件• Incident management：事件管理• Incident management tool：事件管理工具• Incident report：事件报告• Independence：独立• Infeasible path：不可行路径• Informal review：非正式评审• Input：输入• Input domain：输入范围• Input value：输入值• Inspection：审查• Inspection leader：审查组织者• Inspector：审查人员• Installability：可安装性• Installability testing：可安装性测试• Installation guide：安装指南• Installation wizard：安装向导• Instrumentation：插装• Instrumenter：插装工具• Intake test：入口测试• Integration：集成• Integration testing：集成测试• Integration testing in the large：大范围集成测试• Integration testing in the small：小范围集成测试• Interface testing：接口测试• Interoperability：互通性• Interoperability testing：互通性测试• Invalid testing：无效性测试• Isolation testing：隔离测试• Item transmittal report：版本发布报告• Iterative development model：迭代开发模型K• Key performance indicator：关键绩效指标领测国际科技（北京）有限公司领测软件测试网 /• Keyword driven testing：关键字驱动测试L• Learnability：易学性• Level test plan：等级测试计划• Link testing：组件集成测试• Load testing：负载测试• Logic-coverage testing：逻辑覆盖测试• Logic-driven testing：逻辑驱动测试• Logical test case：逻辑测试用例• Low level test case：详细测试用例M• Maintenance：维护• Maintenance testing：维护测试• Maintainability：可维护性• Maintainability testing：可维护性测试• Management review：管理评审• Master test plan：综合测试计划• Maturity：成熟度• Measure：度量• Measurement：度量• Measurement scale：度量粒度• Memory leak：内存泄漏• Metric：度量• Migration testing：移植测试• Milestone：里程碑• Mistake：错误• Moderator：仲裁员• Modified condition decision coverage：改进的条件判定覆盖率• Modified condition decision testing：改进的条件判定测试• Modified multiple condition coverage：改进的多重条件判定覆盖率• Modified multiple condition testing：改进的多重条件判定测试• Module：模块• Module testing：模块测试• Monitor：监视器• Multiple condition：多重条件• Multiple condition coverage：多重条件覆盖率领测国际科技（北京）有限公司领测软件测试网 /• Multiple condition testing：多重条件测试• Mutation analysis：变化分析• Mutation testing：变化测试N• N-switch coverage：N 切换覆盖率• N-switch testing：N 切换测试• Negative testing：负面测试• Non-conformity：不一致• Non-functional requirement：非功能需求• Non-functional testing：非功能测试• Non-functional test design techniques：非功能测试设计技术O• Off-the-shelf software：离岸软件• Operability：可操作性• Operational environment：操作环境• Operational profile testing：运行剖面测试• Operational testing：操作测试• Oracle：标准• Outcome：输出/结果• Output：输出• Output domain：输出范围• Output value：输出值P• Pair programming：结队编程• Pair testing：结队测试• Partition testing：分割测试• Pass：通过• Pass/fail criteria：通过/失败标准• Path：路径• Path coverage：路径覆盖• Path sensitizing：路径敏感性• Path testing：路径测试领测国际科技（北京）有限公司领测软件测试网 / • Peer review：同行评审• Performance：性能• Performance indicator：绩效指标• Performance testing：性能测试• Performance testing tool：性能测试工具• Phase test plan：阶段测试计划• Portability：可移植性• Portability testing：移植性测试• Postcondition：结果条件• Post-execution comparison：运行后比较• Precondition：初始条件• Predicted outcome：预期结果• Pretest：预测试• Priority：优先级• Probe effect：检测成本• Problem：问题• Problem management：问题管理• Problem report：问题报告• Process：流程• Process cycle test：处理周期测试• Product risk：产品风险• Project：项目• Project risk：项目风险• Program instrumenter：编程工具• Program testing：程序测试• Project test plan：项目测试计划• Pseudo-random：伪随机Q• Quality：质量• Quality assurance：质量保证• Quality attribute：质量属性• Quality characteristic：质量特征• Quality management：质量管理领测国际科技（北京）有限公司领测软件测试网 /R• Random testing：随机测试• Recorder：记录员• Record/playback tool：记录/回放工具• Recoverability：可复原性• Recoverability testing：可复原性测试• Recovery testing：可复原性测试• Regression testing：回归测试• Regulation testing：一致性测试• Release note：版本说明• Reliability：可靠性• Reliability testing：可靠性测试• Replaceability：可替换性• Requirement：需求• Requirements-based testing：基于需求的测试• Requirements management tool：需求管理工具• Requirements phase：需求阶段• Resource utilization：资源利用• Resource utilization testing：资源利用测试• Result：结果• Resumption criteria：继续测试标准• Re-testing：再测试• Review：评审• Reviewer：评审人员• Review tool：评审工具• Risk：风险• Risk analysis：风险分析• Risk-based testing：基于风险的测试• Risk control：风险控制• Risk identification：风险识别• Risk management：风险管理• Risk mitigation：风险消减• Robustness：健壮性• Robustness testing：健壮性测试• Root cause：根本原因S• Safety：安全领测国际科技（北京）有限公司领测软件测试网 /• Safety testing：安全性测试• Sanity test：健全测试• Scalability：可测量性• Scalability testing：可测量性测试• Scenario testing：情景测试• Scribe：记录员• Scripting language：脚本语言• Security：安全性• Security testing：安全性测试• Serviceability testing：可维护性测试• Severity：严重性• Simulation：仿真• Simulator：仿真程序、仿真器• Site acceptance testing：定点验收测试• Smoke test：冒烟测试• Software：软件• Software feature：软件功能• Software quality：软件质量• Software quality characteristic：软件质量特征• Software test incident：软件测试事件• Software test incident report：软件测试事件报告• Software Usability Measurement Inventory (SUMI) ：软件可用性调查问卷• Source statement：源语句• Specification：规格说明• Specification-based testing：基于规格说明的测试• Specification-based test design technique：基于规格说明的测试设计技术• Specified input：特定输入• Stability：稳定性• Standard software：标准软件• Standards testing：标准测试• State diagram：状态图• State table：状态表• State transition：状态迁移• State transition testing：状态迁移测试• Statement：语句• Statement coverage：语句覆盖• Statement testing：语句测试• Static analysis：静态分析• Static analysis tool：静态分析工具• Static analyzer：静态分析工具• Static code analysis：静态代码分析• Static code analyzer：静态代码分析工具• Static testing：静态测试• Statistical testing：统计测试领测国际科技（北京）有限公司领测软件测试网 /• Status accounting：状态统计• Storage：资源利用• Storage testing：资源利用测试• Stress testing：压力测试• Structure-based techniques：基于结构的技术• Structural coverage：结构覆盖• Structural test design technique：结构测试设计技术• Structural testing：基于结构的测试• Structured walkthrough：面向结构的走查• Stub: 桩• Subpath: 子路径• Suitability: 符合性• Suspension criteria: 暂停标准• Syntax testing: 语法测试• System:系统• System integration testing：系统集成测试• System testing：系统测试T• Technical review：技术评审• Test：测试• Test approach：测试方法• Test automation：测试自动化• Test basis：测试基础• Test bed：测试环境• Test case：测试用例• Test case design technique：测试用例设计技术• Test case specification：测试用例规格说明• Test case suite：测试用例套• Test charter：测试宪章• Test closure：测试结束• Test comparator：测试比较工具• Test comparison：测试比较• Test completion criteria：测试比较标准• Test condition：测试条件• Test control：测试控制• Test coverage：测试覆盖率• Test cycle：测试周期• Test data：测试数据• Test data preparation tool：测试数据准备工具领测国际科技（北京）有限公司领测软件测试网 /• Test design：测试设计• Test design specification：测试设计规格说明• Test design technique：测试设计技术• Test design tool: 测试设计工具• Test driver: 测试驱动程序• Test driven development: 测试驱动开发• Test environment: 测试环境• Test evaluation report: 测试评估报告• Test execution: 测试执行• Test execution automation: 测试执行自动化• Test execution phase: 测试执行阶段• Test execution schedule: 测试执行进度表• Test execution technique: 测试执行技术• Test execution tool: 测试执行工具• Test fail: 测试失败• Test generator: 测试生成工具• Test leader:测试负责人• Test harness：测试组件• Test incident：测试事件• Test incident report：测试事件报告• Test infrastructure：测试基础组织• Test input：测试输入• Test item：测试项• Test item transmittal report：测试项移交报告• Test level：测试等级• Test log：测试日志• Test logging：测试记录• Test manager：测试经理• Test management：测试管理• Test management tool：测试管理工具• Test Maturity Model (TMM) ：测试成熟度模型• Test monitoring：测试跟踪• Test object：测试对象• Test objective：测试目的• Test oracle：测试标准• Test outcome：测试结果• Test pass：测试通过• Test performance indicator：测试绩效指标• Test phase：测试阶段• Test plan：测试计划• Test planning：测试计划• Test policy：测试方针• Test Point Analysis (TPA) ：测试点分析• Test procedure：测试过程领测国际科技（北京）有限公司领测软件测试网 /• Test procedure specification：测试过程规格说明• Test process：测试流程• Test Process Improvement (TPI) ：测试流程改进• Test record：测试记录• Test recording：测试记录• Test reproduceability：测试可重现性• Test report：测试报告• Test requirement：测试需求• Test run：测试运行• Test run log：测试运行日志• Test result：测试结果• Test scenario：测试场景• Test script：测试脚本• Test set：测试集• Test situation：测试条件• Test specification：测试规格说明• Test specification technique：测试规格说明技术• Test stage：测试阶段• Test strategy：测试策略• Test suite：测试套• Test summary report：测试总结报告• Test target：测试目标• Test tool：测试工具• Test type：测试类型• Testability：可测试性• Testability review：可测试性评审• Testable requirements：需求可测试性• Tester：测试人员• Testing：测试• Testware：测试组件• Thread testing：组件集成测试• Time behavior：性能• Top-down testing：自顶向下的测试• Traceability：可跟踪性U• Understandability：易懂性• Unit：单元• unit testing：单元测试• Unreachable code：执行不到的代码领测国际科技（北京）有限公司领测软件测试网 /• Usability：易用性• Usability testing：易用性测试• Use case：用户用例• Use case testing：用户用例测试• User acceptance testing：用户验收测试• User scenario testing：用户场景测试• User test：用户测试V• V -model：V 模式• Validation：确认• Variable：变量• Verification：验证• Vertical traceability：垂直可跟踪性• Version control：版本控制• Volume testing：容量测试W• Walkthrough：走查• White-box test design technique：白盒测试设计技术• White-box testing：白盒测试• Wide Band Delphi：Delphi 估计方法。
CMM术语缩写一览表
CMM/CMMI术语缩写一览表2008-09-11 16:55术语一览表（按字母排序）AB= Ability to perform (CMM KPA comon feature) AC=Activities to perform (CMM KPA comon featureAD/Software Group=Application DevelopmentAE=Adaptive Enterprise (HP) RTI AI=Assessment InstrumentAPW=Action Planning WorkshopARC=Appraisal Requirements for CMMIATQG=Aassessor Training and Qualifications Guide (ISO SPICE)ATW=Actiion Team WorkshopsBAM=Business Activity MonitoringBI=Business IntelligenceBpel=Business Process Execution LanguageBPFBPG=Baseline Practice Guide (ISO SPICE)BPM=Business Process ManagementBPM=Busiiness Process MaturityBPMM=Business Process Maturity ModeBPO=Business Process OutsourcingBPR=Business Process RedesignBSI=British Standards Institute (standard BS 15000) CAPM=Certified Associate in Project ManagementCAR=Causal Analysis and Resolution (CMMI process area)CBA=CMM-Based AssessmentCBA IPI=CMM-Based Assessment for Internal Process ImprovementCBP=Competency Based PracticesCCB=Configuration Control BoardC-CommerceCDG=Capability Determination Guide (ISO SPICE)CEP=Complex Event ProcessingCEU=Continuing Education UnitsCII=Confederation of Indian IndustriesCM=Configuration ManagementCMM=Capability Maturity Model (also referred to as SWCMM). A model for improving the capability of software organizations.CMMI=Capability Maturity Model-Integration (published by the Software engineering Institute at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh) /sei-home.html(integrates 3 source models the SW CMM, SE CMM and the IPD-CMM)CMU=Carnegie Mellon UniversityCO=Committement to perform (CMM KPA common feature)COBit=Control Objectives for Information and Related TechnologyCOCOMO II=COnstructive COst MOdel II is a model that allows one to estimate the cost, effort, and schedule when planning a new software development activity.CO=Commitment to PerformCOTS=Commercial off-the-shelfCPM=Corporate Permormance MonitoringCRADA=Cooperarive Research and Development AgreementCRD=Career Recommendations DevelopmentCRM=Customer Relationship ManagementDAR=Decision Analysis and Resolution (CMMI process area)DBA=Database AdministratorDELLTA=Danish Electronics Light & AcousticsDI=Directing ImplementationDoD=Department of DefenseDP=Defect Prevention (CMM Process area)DTIZC=Defense Technical Information CenterEAI=Enterprise Application IntegrationEDA=Event Driven ArchitectureEIA=Electronic Industries AllianceEIT=Enterprise Information IntegrationELG=Executive Leadership GroupEPG=Engineering Process GroupEPIG=Engineering Process Improvement GroupERP=Enterprise Resource PlanningESB=Enterprise Service BusesESP=External Service ProvidersETL=Extraction Transformation LoadingETVX format=Enty criteria, Tasks, Verification, and eXit criteria (CMMI)FAR=Functional Area Representative (term used in some assessments)FP=Function PointFTE=Full-time Equivalent (measure of personnel availability)GAO=General Accounting OfficeGESP=Global External Service ProvidersGG=Generic GoalGP=Generic PracticeG-Q-M Approach=Goal Queston Metric techniqueIC=Intergroup Coordination (CMM process Area)IDEAL=Initiating-Diagnosing-Establishing-Acting-Leveraging; an improvement cycle often used for process improvementIEC=International Electrotechnical CommissionIEEE=Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers.. A professional organizationIESP=Indian External Service ProvidersIG=Introductory Guide (ISO SPICE)IM=Integrated Management (CMM process area)IPD-CMM=Integrated Product Development Capability Maturity ModelIPM=Integrated Project Management (CMM process area)IPPD=Integrated Product and Process DevelopmentIPI=Internal Process ImprovementIPT=Integrated Product TeamISACA=Information Systems Audit and ControlAssociation ISM=Integrated Software Management (CMM process area)ISM=Integrated Supplier Management (CMMI process area)ISO=International Organization fro Standardization (International Standards Organization)IT=Integrated Teaming (CMM process area)ITIL=Information Technology Infrastructure LibraryJAD=Joint application designJIT=Just in TimeJTCI=Joint Technical Committee on Information TechnologyKGI=Key Goal IndicatorsKIPA=Korean IT Industry Promotion IndustryKP=Key practiceKPI's=Key Performance IndicatorKPA=Key Process AreaKSLOC=thousand source lines of codeMA (M&A)=Measurement and Analysis (CMM process area)MBNQA=Malcom Bridge National Quality AwardMDD=Method Description DocumentME=Measurement and Analysis (CMM KPA common feature)MOA=Memorandum of AgreementMOM=Message Orientated MiddlewareMQ=Maturity QuestionnaireMSG=Management Steering GroupMSMO=Microsoft Message Queue ServerMTBF-Mean Time Between FailuresOEI=Organizational Environment for Integration (CMMI process area)OID=Organizational Innovation and Deployment (CMMI process area)OO=Object OrientatedOOA&D=Object Orientated Analysis & DesignOoda=Observe-Orient-Decide-ActOPD=Organization Process Definition (CMM process area Level 3 KPA)OPF=Organizational Process Focus (CMM process area Level 3 KPA)OPF=Organizational Process Focus (CMMI process area)OPM3=Organizational Project Management Model (Published by PMI in January, 2004)OPP=Organizational Process Performance (OPF=Organizational Process Focus (CMMI process area)OSSP=Organization's Set of Standart PracticesOT=Organizational TrainingOPF=Organizational Process Focus (CMMI process area)OUSD/AT&L=Office of the Under Secretary of Defense, Acquisition , Technology and LogisticsPA=Process AreaPAIS=Process Appraisal Information Systems (Record of Entry Form for CBA IPIs)PAG=Process Assessment Guiide (ISO SPICE)PAT=Process Action TeamPC=Process Change (Management (CMM Level 5 KPA)PCA's=Pacaged Composite ApplicationsPCAR=People CMM Assessment Repository (Record of Entry Form for a PCMM Assessment)PCB's=Process Capability Baselines-a documented characterization of the range of expected resultsPCM=Process Change Management (CMM Level 5 KPA)PCMM=People Capability Maturity Model (CMM Level 3 KPA)PD=(Organization) Process DefinitionPDCA=Plan-Do-Check-Act; an improvement cycle often used for process improvementPDU=Professional Development UnitPE=(Software) Project Engineering (CMM Level 3 KPA)PF=(Organization) Process Focus (CMM Level 3 KPA)PI=Product IntegrationPII=Process Improvement IndicatorPII=Practice Implementation IndicatorsPIID=Practice Implementation Indicator Data (used for SCAMPI)PIG=Process Improvement Guide (ISO SPICE)PIP=Packaged Integration ProcessesPM=Project ManagementPMAT=appears in COCOMO II model shows the benefit of process maturity on and estimate of effort for a software project. CMM Level 2 to Level 3 noted improvements.4-11%PMBoK=Product Management Body of KnowledgePMC=Project Monitoring and Control (CMMI process area)PMC=Process Management CapabilityPMI=Project Management InstitutePMM=People Maturity ModelPMM=Process Maturity ModelPMP=Project Management ProfessionalPMO=Project Management OfficePP=(Software) Project Planning (CMM Level 2 KPA)PP=Project PlanningPI=Product Integration (CMMI process area)PPBs=Process Performance Baselines-a documented characterization of the actual results achieved by following a process.PPM=Process Performance Model (CMMI)PPQA=Process and Product Quality Assurance (CMMI process area)PSM= Practical Software and Systems ManagementPSM= Practical Software and Systems Measurement ()PSP/TSP=Personal Software Process/Team Software ProcessPT=(Software) Project Tracking (and Oversight) (CMM Level 2 KPA)PTO=Project Tracking and Oversight (CMM Level 2 KPA)QA=(Software) Quiality Assurance (CMM Level 2 KPA)QFD=Quality Function DeploymentQM=(Software) Quality Management (CMM Level 4 KPA)OO=Object OrientatedOoa&D=Object Orientation Analysis and DesignQP=Software Quality Process (Management (CMM Level 4 KPA) OPD=Organizational Process DefiinitionQPM=Quantitative Process Management (CMM process area) QPM=Quantitative Project Management (CMMI process area) RAI=Research Access Inc.RD=Requirements Development (CMMI process area)RE=Requirements EngineeringREQM=Requirements Management (CMMI process area)RM=Requirements Management (CMM Level 2 KPA)RM=Risk ManagmentROI=Return On InvestmentRPG=Report Program GeneratorRSKM=Risk Management (CMMI process area)RTE=Real Tme EnterpriseRTI=Real Time InfrastructureRTM=Requirements Traceability MatrixSA-CMM=Software Acquisition Capability Maturity Model SAM=Supplier Agreement Management (CMMI process area)Software Acquisition Management (CMM process area)SAP=Over the course of three decades, SAP has evolved from a small, regional enterprise into a world-class international company. Today, SAP is the global market leader incollaborative, inter-enterprise business solutions. The company now employs over 28,900 peopleSC7=Subcommittee 7 (ISO JTC1 subcommittee on software engineering)SCAMPI=Standard CMMI Appraisal Method for Process ImprovementSCCB=Software Configuration Control BoardSCE=Software Capability EvaluationsSCM=Software Configuration Management (CMM Level 2 KPA)SDD=Software Design DocumentSDF=Software Development FileSDLC=Software Development Life CycleSDP=Software Development Plan (also known as Project Plan)SE CAMM=Software Engineering Capability Assessment ModelSECM=Software Engineering Capability ModelSE CMM=Software Engineering Capability Maturity ModelSEI=Software Engineering Institute (at Carnegie Mellon University) 【软件工程学院】SEPG=Software Engineering Process GroupSEPI=Systems Engineering Process InitiativeSERP=Software Engineering Process GroupSG=Specific GoalSLA=Service Level AgreementSLOC=Source Line of CodeSM=Senior ManagementSM=(Software) Subcontract Management (CMM Level 2 KPA)SME=Subject Matter ExpertSOA=Service Orientated ArchitectureSOAP=Simple Object Access ProtocolSOW=Statement of WorkSP=Specific PracticeSPA=Software Process Assessment (SEI project; now CMM-based appraisals) software process assessment (method)SPC=Statistical Process ControlSPC=Software Product ConsortiumSPE=Software Product Engineering (CMM Level 3 KPA)SPI=Software Process ImprovementSPICE=Software Process Improvement and Capability DeterminationSPIN=Software Proess Improvement NetworkSPM=Software Process Mearurement (SEI project)SPP=Software Process Program; Software Project Planning (CMM Level 2 KPA)SPPT=Software Project Tracking and Oversight (CMM process area)SPTO=Software Project Tracking and OversightSQA=Software Quality Assurance (CMM Level 2 KPA)SQM=Software Quality Management (CMM Level 4 KPA)SRS=Software Requirements Specification (also known as RequirementsDocument)SS=Supplier SourcingSSM=Software Subcontract Management (CMM Level 2 KPA)STP=Straight Through ProcessingSW-CMM=Software Capability Maturity ModelTC176=Technical Committee 176 (ISO technical committee on quality managemetn systems)TCM=Technology Change ManagementTCO=Total Cost of OwnershipTM=Technology (Change) Management (CMM Level 5 KPA)TP=Training Program (CMM Level 3 KPA)TQM=Total Quality Management TQM can be defined as the application of quantitative methods and human resources to improve the materials and services provided asinputs to an organization an to improve all of the processes within the organization. The goal of TQM is to meet the needs of the customer, now and in the future.TS=Technical SolutionTTM=Time to MarketTTT=Train the TrainerTVO=Total Value of OpportunityUAN=Universal Application NetworkUAT=user Acceptance TestUDDI=Universal Desciption, Discovery and IntegrationVAL=Validation (CMMI process area)VB=Visual BasicVE=Verifying implementation (CMM KPA common feature)VER=Verification (CMMI process area)WBS=Work Breakdown StructureWG10=Working Group 10 (ISO/IEC JTC1/SC7 Working Group on software process assessment)WG7=Working Group 7 (ISO/IEC JTC1/SC7 Working Group on software life cycle processes)WiMAX=Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access. 802.11. 70MB Wireless connectivity over 30 milesWP=Workforce PlanningWS=Web ServicesWSDL=Web Services Descriptive LanguageXML=Extensible Markup LanguagexMM=Maturity Models for different business models (SW, I, P)XSL=Extensible Stylesheet LanguageZLE=Zero Latency Enterprise。
软件工程常用英文词汇缩写汇总
软件工程常用英文词汇缩写汇总A-GABM Activity Based Management 基于活动的管理ACWP Actual Cost of Work Performed 已完成工作实际成本ADM Arrow Diagram Method 箭线图方法ADP Automated Data Processing 自动化数据处理ADR Alternative Dispute Resolution 替代争议解决方案AF Actual Finish Date 实际完成日期AFE Application for Expenditure 支出申请AFE Authority for Expenditure 开支权ALAP As-Late-As-Possible 尽可能晚AMR Advanced Material Release 材料提前发布AOA Activity on Arc 弧线表示活动双代号网络AOA Activity on Arrow 箭线表示活动双代号网络AON Activity on Node 节点表示活动单代号网络AOQ Average Outgoing Quality 平均出厂质量AOQL Average Outgoing Quality Limit 平均出厂质量限度APMA Area of Project Management Application 项目管理的应用领域APR Acquisition Plan Review 采购计划评审AQL Acceptable Quality Level 可接受质量水平AS Actual Start Date 实际开始日期ASAP As-Soon-As-Possible 尽快ATP Acceptance Test Procedure 验收测试过程AUW Authorized Unpriced Work 批准的未定价工作BAC Budget at Completion 完工预算BAC Baseline at Completion 完成/完工基线BATNA Best Alternative to Negotiated Agreement 协议外最佳方案BCM Business Change Manager 商业变更经理BCWP Budgeted Cost of Work Performed 已完工作预算成本BCWS Budgeted Cost of Work Scheduled 计划工作的预算成本BEC Elapsed Cost 计划工作的预算成本BOOT Build, Own, Operate, Transfer 建造拥有经营转让BPA Blanket Purchase Agreement 一揽子采购协议BSA Balanced Scorecard Approach 平衡记分卡方法C/SCSC Cost/Schedule Control System Criteria 成本控制系统标准C/SSR Cost/Schedule Status Report 成本/进度状态报告CA Control Account 控制帐目CAD Computer Aided Drafting/Design 计算机辅助制图/设计CAM Cost Account Manager 成本帐目经理CAM Computer Aided Manufacturing 计算机辅助制造CAM Control Account Manager 控制帐目经理CAP Cost Account Plan 成本帐目计划CAP Control Account Plan 控制帐目计划CAR Capital Appropriation Request 资本划拨请求CBD Component-Based Development 基于构件的开发CBS Cost Breakdown Structure 成本分解结构CCB Change Control Board 变更管理委员会CCDR Contractor Cost Data Report 承包商成本数据报告CDR Critical Design Review 关键设计评审CI Configuration Item 配置项CM Configuration Management/Construction Management 配置管理/施工管理CPFFC Cost Plus Fixed Fee Contract 成本加固定费用合同CPI Cost Performance Index 成本绩效指数CPI Cost Performance Indicator 成本绩效指数CPIFC Cost Plus Incentive Fee Contract 成本加奖励费用合同CPM Critical Path Method 关键路径法CPN Critical Path Network 关键路径网络图CPPC Cost Plus Percentage of Cost Contract 成本加成本百分比合同CPR Cost Performance Ratio 成本绩效比率CPR Cost Performance Report 成本绩效报告CPU Central Processing Unit 中央处理单元CR Change Request 变更请求CSCI Computer Software Configuration Item 计算机软件配置CSF Critical Success Factors 关键的成功因素CTC Contract Target Cost 合同目标成本CTP Contract Target Price 合同目标价格CTR Cost-Time Resource Sheet 成本时间资源表CV Cost Variance 成本偏差CWBS Contract Work Breakdown Structure 合同工作分解结构DBA Database Administrator 数据库管理员DBM Dynamic Baseline Model 动态基线模型DBMS Database Management System 数据库管理系统DCE Distributed Computing Environment 分布式计算环境DCF Discounted Cash Flow 折现现金流DD Data Date 数据日期DID Data Item Description 工作项描述DRD documentation Requirements Description 文档要求说明DU Duration 工期持续时间EAC Estimated Actual at Completion 实际完工估算ECC Estimated Cost to Complete 尚未完成的成本估算ECP Engineering Change Proposal 工程变更建议书EF Early Finish Date 最早完成日期EFC Estimated Final Cost 估算的最终成本EMR Expenditure Management Report 支出管理报告EPS Enterprise Project Structure 企业项目结构ERP Enterprise Resource Planning 企业资源规划ERPS Enterprise Resource Planning Systems 企业资源规划系统ES Early Start Date 最早开始日期ESAR Extended Subsequent Applications Review 扩展后续应用评审ETC Estimate To Complete 尚未完成/完工的估算EV Expected value 期望值EVMS Earned value Management System 挣值管理系统FAC Forecast At Completion 完工预测FF Free Float 自由浮动时间FFP Firm Fixed Price Contract 严格固定价格合同FIFO First In, First Out 先进先出FM Functional Manager 职能经理FP Fixed Price Contract 固定价格合同FPPIF Fixed Price Plus Incentive Fee Contract 固定价格加激励酬FTC Forecast to Completion 完工尚需预测FTP File Transfer Protocol 文件传输协议G&A General and Administrative Costs 综合行政管理成本G&A General and Administrative 综合行政管理费GAAP Generally Accepted Accounting Principles 公认会计原则GERT Graphical Evaluation and Review Technique 图形评审技术GUI Graphical User Interface 图形用户界面H-NHQ Headquarters 总部HRM Human Resources Management 人力资源管理HTML Hyper Text Markup Language 超文本标记语言HTTP Hyper Text Transport Protocol 超文本传输协议IAW In Accordance With 依照IBR Integrated Baseline Review 集成基线的评审IDC Interest-During-Construction 项目建造期间利息IFB Invitation for Bid 投标邀请函IFB Intention for Bid 投标意向书ILS Integrated Logistics Support 集成物流支持IP Internet Protocol 国际互联网协议IPDT Integrated Product Development Team 集成产品开发团队IRR Internal Rate of Return 内部收益率ISP Internet Service Provider 互联网服务提供商IT Information Technology 信息技术JIT Just In Time 适时存货管理准时制造/库存管理KPI Key Performance Indicators 关键绩效指标KSI Key Success Indicators 关键成功指标LAN Local Area Network 局域网LCC Life Cycle Cost 生命期成本LF Late Finish 最晚完成时间LFD Late Finish Date 最晚完成日期LIFO Last In, First Out 后进先出法LML Lowest Management Level 最低管理级别LOA Limits of Authority 授权范围LOB Line of Balance 平衡线LOE Level of Effort 投入水平LQ Limiting Quality 质量限制LS Late Start 最晚开始时间LSB Lowest Static Baseline 最低静态基线LSD Late Start Date 最晚开始日期MBM Management by Methods 方法管理MBO Management by Objectives 目标管理MBP Management by Politics 政策管理MBR Management by Rules 规则管理MBV Management by Values 价值管理MBWA Management by Walking Around 走动管理MIME Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension 多用Inter net 邮件扩充协议MIS Management Information System 管理信息系统MOA Memorandum of Agreement 协议备忘录MOBP Managing Organizations by Projects 按项目管理组织MOF Published Model 已发布的模型MOU Memorandum of Understanding 谅解备忘录MPM Modern Project Management 现代项目管理MR Management Reserve 管理储备MRP Material Requirements Planning 材料需求计划编制MSA Mid-Stage Assessment 中期评估MTBF Mean Time Between Failures 平均故障间隔时间N/A Not Applicable 不适用NIH Not Invented Here 禁止意见发表NPV Net Present value 净现值NTE Not to Exceed 不得超过后面的两段O-ZO&M Operations and Maintenance 运营和维护OBS Organizational Breakdown Structure 组织分解结构ODC Other Direct Costs 其它直接成本OJT On-the-job Training 在职培训OTB Over Target Baseline 超目标基线计划PAR Problem Analysis Report 问题分析报告PAT Project Assurance Team 项目保证团队PBR Program Benefits Review 项目群收益评审PBS Product Breakdown Structure 产品分解结构PC Percent Complete 完成比PCA Physical Configuration Audit 物理配置审核PDLC Project Development Life Cycle 项目开发生命周期PDM Precedence Diagram Method 前导图法优先图法PDS Program Definition Statement 项目群定义说明书PERT Program Evaluation and Review Technique 计划评审技术PF Planned Finish Date 计划完成日期PGP Pretty Good Privacy 优秀密钥PLS Project Life Span 项目生命跨度PM Project Manager 项目经理PM Project Management 项目管理PMB Performance Measurement Baseline 绩效测量基线PMBOK Project Management Body of Knowledge 项目管理知识体系PMIS Project Management Information System 项目管理信息系统PMO Project Management Office 项目管理办公室PMP Project Management Professional 项目管理专业人员PMS Portfolio Management System 项目组合管理系统PMT Performance Measurement Techniques 绩效测量技术PMT Performance Measurement Techniques 绩效测量技术POC Point of Contact 联络点PPL Project Products List 项目产品列表PRD Product Requirements document 产品需求说明书PRT Product Realization Team 产品实现团队PS Planned Start Date 计划开始日期PSA Professional Services Agreement 专业服务协议PSO Program Support Office 项目群支持办公室PSP Professional Services Provider 专业服务提供者PV Price Variance 价格偏差PVWA Planned value for Work Accomplished 已完成工作的计划价值PVWS Planned value for Work Scheduled 计划工作的计划价值QA Quality Assurance 质量保证QAR Quality Assurance Representative 质量保证代表QC Quality Control 质量控制QPL Qualified Product List 合格产品清单RAM Responsibility Assignment Matrix 责任分配矩阵RAM Responsibility/Accountability Matrix 责任矩阵RAMP Risk Analysis and Management for Projects 项目的风险分析和管理RBS Resource Breakdown Structure 资源分解结构RF Remaining Float 剩余浮动时间RFA Request for Appropriation 经费申请RFC Request for Change 变更申请RFP Request for Proposal 建议书邀请函RFQ Request for Quotation 报价邀请函RMB Risk Management Budget 风险管理预算ROI Return on Investment 投资回报ROM Rough Order of Magnitude Estimate 粗数量级估计RPWM Ranked Positional Weight Method 重要位置排序法SAR Subsequent Application Review 跟踪应用评审SC Scheduled Cost 计划成本SCR System Concept Review 系统概念评审SDL Software Development Library 软件开发库SDR System Design Review 系统设计评审SDWT Self Directed Work Teams 自我指导工作团队SF Level Finish/Schedule 经平衡的结束时间/进度表SF Scheduled Finish 计划完成点SF Scheduled Finish Date 计划完成日期SF Secondary Float 次要浮动时间SLVAR Summary Level Variance Analysis Reporting 差异分析报告汇总SOW Statement of Work 工作说明书SPI Schedule Performance Index 进度绩效指数SPR Scheduled Performance Ratio 进度绩效比SRR System Requirements Review 系统需求评审SS Scheduled Start 计划开始点SSD Scheduled Start Date 计划开始日期SV Schedule Variance 进度偏差SWAG Scientific Wild Anatomical Guess 科学粗略剖析性猜测T&E Test and Evaluation 测试和评估T&M Time and Material Contract 时间和材料合同TAB Total Allocated Budget 全部分配预算TAE Total Anticipated Expenditures 全部预测支出TBA To Be Advised 有待完善TBD To Be Determined 有待确定TC Target Completion Date 目标完成日期TCCC Transfer of Care, Custody and Control 权责移交TCPI To Complete Performance Index 待完成绩效指数TF Total Float 总浮动时间TOC Theory of Constraints 约束理论ToR Terms of Reference 职责范围TQM Total Quality Management 全面质量管理TRR Test Readiness Review 测试准备情况评审UB Undistributed Budget 未分配预算UI User Interface 用户界面UML Unified Modeling Language 统一建模语言UP Unit Price Contract 单价合同URL Uniform Resource Locator 统一资源定位符VAC Variance at Completio 完成时的偏差VE Value Engineering 价值工程VM Value Management 价值管理WBS Work Breakdown Structure 工作分解结构WP Work Package 工作包WYSIWYG What You See Is What You Get 所见即所得。
软件工程中英对照术语表
abstract class 抽象类,提供一组子类共有行为的类，但它本身并不具有实例。
抽象类表示一个概念，从中派生的类代表对这一概念的实施。
Abstraction 抽象,对视图或模型的创建，其中忽略了不必要的细节，以便专注于一组特定的相关细节。
access modifier存取权限,对类、方法或属性进行访问控制的关键字。
Java 中的存取权限可以是公有、私有、保护和包装（默认）。
accessor methods存取器方法,由对象提供的、用于定义连接该对象实例变量的方法。
用来返回实例变量值的存取器方法被称为获取方法；用来为实例变量指定值的存取器方法被称为设置方法。
acceptance验收,客户接受软件产品（作为部分或完整履行合同的结果）所有权的操作。
action动作,对构成计算过程抽象的可执行语句的规范。
动作通常会导致系统状态发生变化，这是通过向一个对象发送消息或是更改链接或属性值来实现。
action sequence动作序列,解析为一系列先后发生的动作的表达式。
action state动作状态,表示不可分动作的执行状态，通常指的是调用一个操作。
activation激活,动作的执行active class主动类,表示系统中控制线程的类。
请参见主动对象。
activity活动,要求角色执行的工作单元。
active object主动对象,拥有线程并可发起控制活动的对象。
主动类的实例。
activity graph活动图,状态机的特例，用于对涉及一个或多个分类器的进程建模。
对比：状态图(statechart diagram)。
同义词：活动图(activity diagram)。
actor主角,系统之外与系统交互的某人或某事物。
actor class主角类,定义一组主角实例，其中每个主角实例相对于系统而言都担任着同样的角色。
在与用例交互时这些用例的用户所担任的一组紧密相关的角色。
主角为每个要与其通信的用例都准备了一个角色。
软件开发相关术语缩写表
软件开发相关术语缩写表SE Software Engineering 软件工程BURS Business and User Requirement Specification 业务和用户需求规格说明CCB Change Control Board 变更控制委员会CI Configuration Item 配置管理项CR Change Request 变更申请CMM Capability Maturity Model 软件能力成熟度模型COQ Cost Of Quality 质量成本CUT Coding&Unit Test /Construct 编码及单元测试DD Detail Design 详细设计DP Defect Prevention ( CMM Level 5 KPA ) 缺陷预防(CMM第五级的KPA)FURPS+ Functionality, Usability, Reliability,Performance,Supportability, + Localizability, Portability功能性，可用性，可靠性，性能，支持性＋本地化，可移植性HLD High Level Design 概要设计IC (IGC) Intergroup Coordination ( CMM Level 3 KPA ) 组间协调（CMM第三级的KPA）ISM Integrated Software Management ( CMM Level3 KPA )集成软件管理（CMM第三级的KPA）IT Integration Test 集成测试KPA Key Process Area 关键过程区域LC Lifecycle 生命周期LLD Low Level Design 详细设计OOA Object Ori ented Analysis面对对象分析OOD Object Oriented Design 面向对象设计OPD Organization Process Definition ( CMM Level 3KPA )组织过程定义（CMM第三级的KPA）OPF Organization Process Focus ( CMM Level 3KPA )组织过程焦点（CMM第三级的KPA）OSSP Organization Standard Software Process 组织标准软件过程PCB Process Capability Baselines 过程能力基准PCM Process Change Management ( CMM Level 5KPA )过程更改管理（CMM第五级的KPA）PDSP Project's Defined Software Process 项目定义的软件过程PI Process Improvement 过程改进PMR Project Management Review 项目管理评审PM Project Manager 项目经理PP Project Planning 项目策划PR Peer Reviews ( CMM Level 3 KPA) 同行评审（CMM第三级的KPA）QC Quality Champion 项目SQA人员QP Quality Plan 质量计划QPM Quantitative Process Management ( CMMLevel 4 KPA )定量过程管理（CMM第四级的KPA）RA Requirement Analysis 需求分析RCA Root Cause Analysis 根本原因分析RFP Request for Proposal 提议和请求RM Requirements Management ( CMM Level 2KPA )需求管理（CMM第二级的KPA）ROI Return On Investment 投资收益率SCCB Software Configuration Control Board 软件配置控制组SCM Software Configuration Management ( CMMLevel 2 KPA)软件配置管理（CMM第二级的KPA）SCMP Software Configuration Management Plan 软件配置管理计划SDLC Software Development Life Cycle 软件开发生命周期SEI Software Engineering Institute 软件工程研究所SEPG Software Engineering Process Group 软件工程过程组SD System Design 系统设计SMR Senior Management Review 高级管理评审SPC Statistical Process Control 统计过程控制SPE Software Product Engineering ( CMM Level 3KPA )软件产品工程（CMM第三级的KPA）SPI Software Process Improvement 软件过程改进SPP Software Project Plan ( CMM Level 2 KPA ) 软件项目策划（CMM第二级的KPA）SPTO Software Project Tracking & Oversight 软件项目跟踪和监督SQA Software Quality Assurance ( CMM Level 2KPA )软件质量保证（CMM第二级的KPA）SQM Software Quality Management 软件质量管理SRS System/Software Requirement Specification 软件需求规格说明SSD System Sequence Diagram 系统时序图SSM Software Subcontract Management ( CMMLevel 2 KPA )软件子合同管理（CMM第二级的KPA）TCM Technology Change Management 技术改革管理TP Training Plan / Training Program ( CMM Level3 KPA )培训大纲（CMM第三级的KPA）TQM Total Quality Management 总质量管理UAT User Acceptance Test 用户验收测试UC Use Case 用例UCD Use Case Diagram 用例图UT Unit Testing 单元测试WBS Work Breakdown Structure 工作分解结构。
软件工程、软件过程术语缩写表
软件工程、软件过程术语缩写表SESoftware Engineering软件工程BURSCCBCICRCMMCOQCUTDDDPFURPS+HLDIC(IGC)ISMITKPALCLLDOOAOODOPDBusiness and User Requirement SpecificationChange Control BoardConfiguration ItemChange RequestCapability MaturityModelCost Of QualityCoding&Unit Test /ConstructDetail DesignDefect Prevention ( CMM Level 5 KPA )Functionality, Usability,Reliability,Performance,Supportability, + Localizability, PortabilityHigh Level DesignIntergroup Coordination ( CMM Level 3 KPA )Integrated Software Management ( CMM Level3 KPA )Integration TestKey Process AreaLifecycleLow Level DesignObject Oriented AnalysisObject Oriented DesignOrganization Process Definition ( CMM Level 3KPA )业务和用户需求规格说明变更控制委员会配置管理项变更申请软件能力成熟度模型质量成本编码及单元测试详细设计缺陷预防(CMM第五级的KPA)功能性，可用性，可靠性，性能，支持性＋本地化，可移植性概要设计组间协调（CMM第三级的KPA）集成软件管理（CMM第三级的KPA）集成测试关键过程区域生命周期详细设计面对对象分析面向对象设计组织过程定义（CMM第三级的KPA）OPFOSSPPCBPCMPDSPOrganization Process Focus ( CMM Level 3KPA )Organization Standard Software Process CapabilityBaselinesProcess ChangeManagement ( CMM Level 5KPA )Project's DefinedSoftware Process组织过程焦点（CMM第三级的KPA）组织标准软件过程能力基准过程更改管理（CMM第五级的KPA）项目定义的软件过程PIProcess ImprovementPMRProject Management ReviewPMProject ManagerPPProject PlanningPRPeer Reviews ( CMM Level 3 KPA)QCQuality ChampionQPQuality PlanQPMQuantitative ProcessManagement( CMMLevel 4 KPA )RARequirement AnalysisRCARoot Cause AnalysisRFPRequest for ProposalRMRequirementsManagement( CMM Level 2KPA )ROIReturn On InvestmentSCCBSoftware Configuration Control BoardSCMSoftware Configuration Management ( CMMLevel 2 KPA)SCMPSoftware Configuration Management PlanSDLCSoftware Development Life CycleSEISoftware Engineering InstituteSEPGSoftware EngineeringProcess GroupSDSystem Design过程改进项目管理评审项目经理项目策划同行评审（CMM第三级的KPA）项目SQA人员质量计划定量过程管理（CMM第四级的KPA）需求分析根本原因分析提议和请求需求管理（CMM第二级的KPA）投资收益率软件配置控制组软件配置管理（CMM 第二级的KPA）软件配置管理计划软件开发生命周期软件工程研究所软件工程过程组系统设计SMRSPCSPESPISPPSenior ManagementReviewStatistical Process ControlSoftware Product Engineering ( CMM Level 3KPA )Software ProcessImprovementSoftware Project Plan ( CMM Level 2 KPA )高级管理评审统计过程控制软件产品工程（CMM第三级的KPA）软件过程改进软件项目策划（CMM第二级的KPA）SPTOSoftware Project Tracking & OversightSQASoftware QualityAssurance( CMM Level 2KPA )SQMSoftware Quality ManagementSRSSystem/Software Requirement SpecificationSSDSystem Sequence DiagramSSMSoftware Subcontract Management( CMMLevel 2 KPA )TCMTechnology Change ManagementTPTraing Plan / Traing Program( CMM Level3 KPA )TQMTotal Quality ManagementUATUser Acceptance TestUCUse CaseUCDUse Case DiagramUTUnit TestingWBSWork Breakdown Structure软件项目跟踪和监督软件质量保证（CMM第二级的KPA）软件质量管理软件需求规格说明系统时序图软件子合同管理（CMM第二级的KPA）技术改革管理培训大纲（CMM第三级的KPA）总质量管理用户验收测试用例图单元测试工作分解结构。
软件工程中英对照术语表
abstract class 抽象类,提供一组子类共有行为的类，但它本身并不具有实例。
抽象类表示一个概念，从中派生的类代表对这一概念的实施。
Abstraction 抽象,对视图或模型的创建，其中忽略了不必要的细节，以便专注于一组特定的相关细节。
access modifier存取权限,对类、方法或属性进行访问控制的关键字。
Java 中的存取权限可以是公有、私有、保护和包装（默认）。
accessor methods存取器方法,由对象提供的、用于定义连接该对象实例变量的方法。
用来返回实例变量值的存取器方法被称为获取方法；用来为实例变量指定值的存取器方法被称为设置方法。
acceptance验收,客户接受软件产品（作为部分或完整履行合同的结果）所有权的操作。
action动作,对构成计算过程抽象的可执行语句的规范。
动作通常会导致系统状态发生变化，这是通过向一个对象发送消息或是更改链接或属性值来实现。
action sequence动作序列,解析为一系列先后发生的动作的表达式。
action state动作状态,表示不可分动作的执行状态，通常指的是调用一个操作。
activation激活,动作的执行active class主动类,表示系统中控制线程的类。
请参见主动对象。
activity活动,要求角色执行的工作单元。
active object主动对象,拥有线程并可发起控制活动的对象。
主动类的实例。
activity graph活动图,状态机的特例，用于对涉及一个或多个分类器的进程建模。
对比：状态图(statechart diagram)。
同义词：活动图(activity diagram)。
actor主角,系统之外与系统交互的某人或某事物。
actor class主角类,定义一组主角实例，其中每个主角实例相对于系统而言都担任着同样的角色。
在与用例交互时这些用例的用户所担任的一组紧密相关的角色。
主角为每个要与其通信的用例都准备了一个角色。
软件工程常用英文词汇缩写汇总范文
软件工程常用英文词汇缩写汇总A-GABC Activity Based Costing 基于活动的成本核算ABM Activity Based Management 基于活动的管理ACWP Actual Cost of Work Performed 已完成工作实际成本ADM Arrow Diagram Method 箭线图方法ADP Automated Data Processing 自动化数据处理ADR Alternative Dispute Resolution 替代争议解决方案AF Actual Finish Date 实际完成日期AFE Application for Expenditure 支出申请AFE Authority for Expenditure 开支权ALAP As-Late-As-Possible 尽可能晚AMR Advanced Material Release 材料提前发布AOA Activity on Arc 弧线表示活动双代号网络AOA Activity on Arrow 箭线表示活动双代号网络AON Activity on Node 节点表示活动单代号网络AOQ Average Outgoing Quality 平均出厂质量AOQL Average Outgoing Quality Limit 平均出厂质量限度APMA Area of Project Management Application 项目管理的应用领域APR Acquisition Plan Review 采购计划评审AQL Acceptable Quality Level 可接受质量水平AS Actual Start Date 实际开始日期ASAP As-Soon-As-Possible 尽快ATP Acceptance Test Procedure 验收测试过程AUW Authorized Unpriced Work 批准的未定价工作BAC Budget at Completion 完工预算BAC Baseline at Completion 完成/完工基线BATNA Best Alternative to Negotiated Agreement 协议外最佳方案BCM Business Change Manager 商业变更经理BCWP Budgeted Cost of Work Performed 已完工作预算成本BCWS Budgeted Cost of Work Scheduled 计划工作的预算成本BEC Elapsed Cost 计划工作的预算成本BOOT Build, Own, Operate, Transfer 建造拥有经营转让BPA Blanket Purchase Agreement 一揽子采购协议BSA Balanced Scorecard Approach 平衡记分卡方法C/SCSC Cost/Schedule Control System Criteria 成本控制系统标准?C/SSR Cost/Schedule Status Report 成本/进度状态报告CA Control Account 控制帐目CAD Computer Aided Drafting/Design 计算机辅助制图/设计CAM Cost Account Manager 成本帐目经理CAM Computer Aided Manufacturing 计算机辅助制造CAM Control Account Manager 控制帐目经理CAP Cost Account Plan 成本帐目计划CAP Control Account Plan 控制帐目计划CAR Capital Appropriation Request 资本划拨请求CBD Component-Based Development 基于构件的开发CBS Cost Breakdown Structure 成本分解结构CCB Change Control Board 变更管理委员会CCDR Contractor Cost Data Report 承包商成本数据报告CDR Critical Design Review 关键设计评审CI Configuration Item 配置项CM Configuration Management/Construction Management 配置管理/施工管理CPFFC Cost Plus Fixed Fee Contract 成本加固定费用合同CPI Cost Performance Index 成本绩效指数CPI Cost Performance Indicator 成本绩效指数CPIFC Cost Plus Incentive Fee Contract 成本加奖励费用合同CPM Critical Path Method 关键路径法CPN Critical Path Network 关键路径网络图CPPC Cost Plus Percentage of Cost Contract 成本加成本百分比合同CPR Cost Performance Ratio 成本绩效比率CPR Cost Performance Report 成本绩效报告CPU Central Processing Unit 中央处理单元CR Change Request 变更请求CSCI Computer Software Configuration Item 计算机软件配置CSF Critical Success Factors 关键的成功因素CTC Contract Target Cost 合同目标成本CTP Contract Target Price 合同目标价格CTR Cost-Time Resource Sheet 成本时间资源表CV Cost Variance 成本偏差CWBS Contract Work Breakdown Structure 合同工作分解结构DBA Database Administrator 数据库管理员DBM Dynamic Baseline Model 动态基线模型DBMS Database Management System 数据库管理系统DCE Distributed Computing Environment 分布式计算环境DCF Discounted Cash Flow 折现现金流DD Data Date 数据日期DID Data Item Description 工作项描述DRD documentation Requirements Description 文档要求说明DU Duration 工期持续时间EAC Estimated Actual at Completion 实际完工估算ECC Estimated Cost to Complete 尚未完成的成本估算ECP Engineering Change Proposal 工程变更建议书EF Early Finish Date 最早完成日期EFC Estimated Final Cost 估算的最终成本EMR Expenditure Management Report 支出管理报告EPS Enterprise Project Structure 企业项目结构ERP Enterprise Resource Planning 企业资源规划ERPS Enterprise Resource Planning Systems 企业资源规划系统ES Early Start Date 最早开始日期ESAR Extended Subsequent Applications Review 扩展后续应用评审ETC Estimate To Complete 尚未完成/完工的估算EV Expected value 期望值EVMS Earned value Management System 挣值管理系统FAC Forecast At Completion 完工预测FF Free Float 自由浮动时间FFP Firm Fixed Price Contract 严格固定价格合同FIFO First In, First Out 先进先出FM Functional Manager 职能经理FP Fixed Price Contract 固定价格合同FPPIF Fixed Price Plus Incentive Fee Contract 固定价格加激励酬FTC Forecast to Completion 完工尚需预测FTP File Transfer Protocol 文件传输协议G&A General and Administrative Costs 综合行政管理成本G&A General and Administrative 综合行政管理费GAAP Generally Accepted Accounting Principles 公认会计原则GERT Graphical Evaluation and Review Technique 图形评审技术GUI Graphical User Interface 图形用户界面H-NHQ Headquarters 总部HRM Human Resources Management 人力资源管理HTML Hyper Text Markup Language 超文本标记语言HTTP Hyper Text Transport Protocol 超文本传输协议IAW In Accordance With 依照IBR Integrated Baseline Review 集成基线的评审IDC Interest-During-Construction 项目建造期间利息IFB Invitation for Bid 投标邀请函IFB Intention for Bid 投标意向书ILS Integrated Logistics Support 集成物流支持IP Internet Protocol 国际互联网协议IPDT Integrated Product Development Team 集成产品开发团队IRR Internal Rate of Return 内部收益率ISP Internet Service Provider 互联网服务提供商IT Information Technology 信息技术JIT Just In Time 适时(存货管理) 准时制造/库存管理KPI Key Performance Indicators 关键绩效指标KSI Key Success Indicators 关键成功指标LAN Local Area Network 局域网LCC Life Cycle Cost 生命期成本LF Late Finish 最晚完成时间LFD Late Finish Date 最晚完成日期LIFO Last In, First Out 后进先出法LML Lowest Management Level 最低管理级别LOA Limits of Authority 授权范围LOB Line of Balance 平衡线LOE Level of Effort 投入水平LQ Limiting Quality 质量限制LS Late Start 最晚开始时间LSB Lowest Static Baseline 最低静态基线LSD Late Start Date 最晚开始日期MBM Management by Methods 方法管理MBO Management by Objectives 目标管理MBP Management by Politics 政策管理MBR Management by Rules 规则管理MBV Management by Values 价值管理MBWA Management by Walking Around 走动管理MIME Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension 多用Inter net 邮件扩充协议MIS Management Information System 管理信息系统MOA Memorandum of Agreement 协议备忘录MOBP Managing Organizations by Projects 按项目管理组织MOF Published Model 已发布的模型MOU Memorandum of Understanding 谅解备忘录MPM Modern Project Management 现代项目管理MR Management Reserve 管理储备MRP Material Requirements Planning 材料需求计划编制MSA Mid-Stage Assessment 中期评估MTBF Mean Time Between Failures 平均故障间隔时间N/A Not Applicable 不适用NIH Not Invented Here 禁止意见发表NPV Net Present value 净现值NTE Not to Exceed 不得超过后面的两段O-ZO&M Operations and Maintenance 运营和维护OBS Organizational Breakdown Structure 组织分解结构ODC Other Direct Costs 其它直接成本OJT On-the-job Training 在职培训OTB Over Target Baseline 超目标基线计划PAR Problem Analysis Report 问题分析报告PAT Project Assurance Team 项目保证团队PBR Program Benefits Review 项目群收益评审PBS Product Breakdown Structure 产品分解结构PC Percent Complete 完成比PCA Physical Configuration Audit 物理配置审核PDLC Project Development Life Cycle 项目开发生命周期PDM Precedence Diagram Method 前导图法优先图法PDS Program Definition Statement 项目群定义说明书PERT Program Evaluation and Review Technique 计划评审技术PF Planned Finish Date 计划完成日期PGP Pretty Good Privacy 优秀密钥PLS Project Life Span 项目生命跨度PM Project Manager 项目经理PM Project Management 项目管理PMB Performance Measurement Baseline 绩效测量基线PMBOK Project Management Body of Knowledge 项目管理知识体系PMIS Project Management Information System 项目管理信息系统PMO Project Management Office 项目管理办公室PMP Project Management Professional 项目管理专业人员PMS Portfolio Management System 项目组合管理系统PMT Performance Measurement Techniques 绩效测量技术PMT Performance Measurement Techniques 绩效测量技术POC Point of Contact 联络点PPL Project Products List 项目产品列表PRD Product Requirements document 产品需求说明书PRT Product Realization Team 产品实现团队PS Planned Start Date 计划开始日期PSA Professional Services Agreement 专业服务协议PSO Program Support Office 项目群支持办公室PSP Professional Services Provider 专业服务提供者PV Price Variance 价格偏差PVWA Planned value for Work Accomplished 已完成工作的计划价值PVWS Planned value for Work Scheduled 计划工作的计划价值QA Quality Assurance 质量保证QAR Quality Assurance Representative 质量保证代表QC Quality Control 质量控制QPL Qualified Product List 合格产品清单RAM Responsibility Assignment Matrix 责任分配矩阵RAM Responsibility/Accountability Matrix 责任矩阵RAMP Risk Analysis and Management for Projects 项目的风险分析和管理RBS Resource Breakdown Structure 资源分解结构RF Remaining Float 剩余浮动时间RFA Request for Appropriation 经费申请RFC Request for Change 变更申请RFP Request for Proposal 建议书邀请函RFQ Request for Quotation 报价邀请函RMB Risk Management Budget 风险管理预算ROI Return on Investment 投资回报ROM Rough Order of Magnitude Estimate 粗数量级估计RPWM Ranked Positional Weight Method 重要位置排序法SAR Subsequent Application Review 跟踪应用评审SC Scheduled Cost 计划成本SCR System Concept Review 系统概念评审SDL Software Development Library 软件开发库SDR System Design Review 系统设计评审SDWT Self Directed Work Teams 自我指导工作团队SF Level Finish/Schedule 经平衡的结束时间/进度表SF Scheduled Finish 计划完成点SF Scheduled Finish Date 计划完成日期SF Secondary Float 次要浮动时间SLVAR Summary Level Variance Analysis Reporting 差异分析报告汇总SOW Statement of Work 工作说明书SPI Schedule Performance Index 进度绩效指数SPR Scheduled Performance Ratio 进度绩效比SRR System Requirements Review 系统需求评审SS Scheduled Start 计划开始点SSD Scheduled Start Date 计划开始日期SV Schedule Variance 进度偏差SWAG Scientific Wild Anatomical Guess 科学粗略剖析性猜测T&E Test and Evaluation 测试和评估T&M Time and Material Contract 时间和材料合同TAB Total Allocated Budget 全部分配预算TAE Total Anticipated Expenditures 全部预测支出TBA To Be Advised 有待完善TBD To Be Determined 有待确定TC Target Completion Date 目标完成日期TCCC Transfer of Care, Custody and Control 权责移交TCPI To Complete Performance Index 待完成绩效指数TF Total Float 总浮动时间TOC Theory of Constraints 约束理论ToR Terms of Reference 职责范围TQM Total Quality Management 全面质量管理TRR Test Readiness Review 测试准备情况评审UB Undistributed Budget 未分配预算UI User Interface 用户界面UML Unified Modeling Language 统一建模语言UP Unit Price Contract 单价合同URL Uniform Resource Locator 统一资源定位符VAC Variance at Completio 完成时的偏差VE Value Engineering 价值工程VM Value Management 价值管理WBS Work Breakdown Structure 工作分解结构WP Work Package 工作包WYSIWYG What You See Is What You Get 所见即所得。
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软件工程、软件过程术语缩写表
SE Software Engineering 软件工程
BURS Business and User Requirement Specification 业务和用户需求规格说明
CCB Change Control Board 变更控制委员会
CI Configuration Item 配置管理项
CR Change Request 变更申请
CMM Capability Maturity Model 软件能力成熟度模型
COQ Cost Of Quality 质量成本
CUT Coding&Unit Test /Construct 编码及单元测试
DD Detail Design 详细设计
DP Defect Prevention ( CMM Level 5 KPA ) 缺陷预防(CMM第五级的KPA)
FURPS+ Functionality, Usability, Reliability,
Performance,
Supportability, + Localizability, Portability
功能性，可用性，可靠性，性能，支持
性
＋本地化，可移植性
HLD High Level Design 概要设计
IC (IGC) Intergroup Coordination ( CMM Level 3 KPA ) 组间协调（CMM第三级的KPA）
ISM Integrated Software Management ( CMM Level
3 KPA )
集成软件管理（CMM第三级的KPA）
IT Integration Test 集成测试KPA Key Process Area 关键过程区域LC Lifecycle 生命周期LLD Low Level Design 详细设计OOA Object Ori ented Analysis面对对象分析OOD Object Oriented Design 面向对象设计
OPD Organization Process Definition ( CMM Level 3
KPA )
组织过程定义（CMM第三级的KPA）
OPF Organization Process Focus ( CMM Level 3
KPA )
组织过程焦点（CMM第三级的KPA）
OSSP Organization Standard Software Process 组织标准软件过程PCB Process Capability Baselines 过程能力基准
PCM Process Change Management ( CMM Level 5
KPA )
过程更改管理（CMM第五级的KPA）
PDSP Project's Defined Software Process 项目定义的软件过程
PI Process Improvement 过程改进
PMR Project Management Review 项目管理评审
PM Project Manager 项目经理
PP Project Planning 项目策划
PR Peer Reviews ( CMM Level 3 KPA) 同行评审（CMM第三级的KPA）QC Quality Champion 项目SQA人员
QP Quality Plan 质量计划
QPM Quantitative Process Management ( CMM
Level 4 KPA )
定量过程管理（CMM第四级的KPA）
RA Requirement Analysis 需求分析RCA Root Cause Analysis 根本原因分析RFP Request for Proposal 提议和请求
RM Requirements Management ( CMM Level 2
KPA )
需求管理（CMM第二级的KPA）
ROI Return On Investment 投资收益率SCCB Software Configuration Control Board 软件配置控制组
SCM Software Configuration Management ( CMM
Level 2 KPA)
软件配置管理（CMM第二级的KPA）
SCMP Software Configuration Management Plan 软件配置管理计划SDLC Software Development Life Cycle 软件开发生命周期SEI Software Engineering Institute 软件工程研究所SEPG Software Engineering Process Group 软件工程过程组SD System Design 系统设计
SMR Senior Management Review 高级管理评审SPC Statistical Process Control 统计过程控制
SPE Software Product Engineering ( CMM Level 3
KPA )
软件产品工程（CMM第三级的KPA）
SPI Software Process Improvement 软件过程改进
SPP Software Project Plan ( CMM Level 2 KPA ) 软件项目策划（CMM第二级的KPA）SPTO Software Project Tracking & Oversight 软件项目跟踪和监督
SQA Software Quality Assurance ( CMM Level 2
KPA )
软件质量保证（CMM第二级的KPA）
SQM Software Quality Management 软件质量管理SRS System/Software Requirement Specification 软件需求规格说明SSD System Sequence Diagram 系统时序图
SSM Software Subcontract Management ( CMM
Level 2 KPA )
软件子合同管理（CMM第二级的KPA）
TCM Technology Change Management 技术改革管理
TP Training Plan / Training Program ( CMM Level
3 KPA )
培训大纲（CMM第三级的KPA）
TQM Total Quality Management 总质量管理UAT User Acceptance Test 用户验收测试UC Use Case 用例
UCD Use Case Diagram 用例图
UT Unit Testing 单元测试WBS Work Breakdown Structure 工作分解结构。