高中英语牛津上海版高中三年级第一学期判断推理类阅读巩固提升练习(二)(有答案)
高中英语牛津上海版高中三年级第—学期一轮复习-阅读理解(有答案)
高考一轮复习-语篇理解语篇理解阅读下列短文，根据短文内容，从各题的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择一个最佳答案。
语篇1Ever had a time in your life where cash hasn’t been as plentiful as you’d like and you’ve needed to tighten the budget? We all have.According to the World Bank, global food prices, driven in part by higher fuel costs, are 36% above their level a year ago. Food and drink are among our biggest ongoing expenses, which means it’s also one of the biggest opportunities for savings.There are changes of the way you buy and prepare food that can make a big impact on your bank account. Making significant savings on your grocery bill isn’t as hard as you might think, and you can still live well. Here is how：COOK FROM THE BEGINNINGIn general, the more preparation or processing steps a food has undergone, the higher the price. So it’s best to cook things from the very beginning where possible. Even small changes can make a big cost difference. Try buying unwashed whole lettuce or salad leaves and giving them a cleaning yourself. The per-kilogram price can be as much as ten times more for prepackaged salad leaves.STEWING MEATSupply and demand play a big role in food pricing. Food that isn’t fashionable can be excellent value for money. Unfortunately，lamb chops aren’t as inexpensive as they once were — but there are still plenty of other options. Look for oxtail, chicken wing tips and feet, or other organs such as livers and lungs. A quick internet search will give you a host of ideas on how to prepare unfamiliar ingredients. A good place to start is with slow cooked casseroles(砂锅菜）or stews.BUY IN BULKA good rule，based on experience，is that “bigger is cheaper”，but larger pack sizes aren’t always better value. It does pay to compare the price to make sure youreally are saving — if you can，check the “ unit pricing”，which compares prices by volume and weight. And make sure you9ll not end up throwing half of it out rather than using it by the expiry (到期) date.TAKE A LISTPlanning ahead is a great way to economize and reduce the risk of expensive impulse (冲动的）purchases, so make a list of what you need before you head to the supermarket. It’s also a good idea not to shop while you’re hungry to resist the urge to pick up unnecessary food items. IGNORE THE LISTGive yourself the flexibility to make the most of supermarket specials and discounts, and to use different ingredients or change your weekly recipe (菜谱）plans depending on what’s on sale or the best value for money on the day.1.It can be learned from the passage that_______________.A.there may be less opportunity for you to save money when food prices are increasing greatlyB.checking the expiry date is important when buying foodsC.the way we prepare our food affects our expensesD.changing your weekly recipe plans will help you stay healthy2.‘‘Buy in bulk” most probably means “_______________’.A.Buy goods in large quantitiesB. Buy unpackaged goods onlyC. Buy what’s on saleD. Buy goods in smaller pack sizes3.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A.Prepackaged food is usually of high quality.B.We had better make a plan in advance about what to buy before going to the supermarket.C.Preparing unfamiliar ingredients usually costs your money and time.D.We should ignore the supermarket specials and discounts to avoid being tricked.语篇2Below is a selection from a popular science book.Which works harder，your heart or your brain?That depends on whether you’ve busy thinking or busy exercising. Your heart works up to three times harder during exercise, and shifts enough blood over a lifetime to fill a supertanker. But, in the long run, your brain probably tips it, because even when you’re sitting still your brain is using twice as much energy as your heart, and it takes four to five times as much blood to feed it.Where do feelings and emotions come from?Mostly from an ancient part of the brain called the limbic system. All mammals(哺乳动物) have this brain area-----from mice to dogs, cats, and humans. So all mammals feel basic emotions like fear, pain and pleasure. But since human feelings also involve other newer bits of the brain, we feel more complex emotions than any other animal on the planet.Why do teeth fall out , and why don’t they grow back in grown-ups?Baby (or “milk” ) teeth do not last long; they fall out to make room for bigger, stronger adult teeth later on. Adult teeth fall out when they become damaged , decayed and infected by bacteria. Once this second set of teeth has grown in, you’re done. When they’re gone, they’re gone. This is because nature figures you’re set for life, and what controls regrowth of your teeth switch off.Do old people shrink as they age?Yes and no. Many people do get shorter as they age. But, when they do , it isn’t because they’re shrinking all over. They simply lose height as their spine(脊椎) becomes shorter and more curved due to disuse and the effects of gravity. Many (but not all ) men and women do lose height as they got old. Men lose an average of 3-4 cm in height as they age, while women may lose 5 cm or more. If you live to be 200 years old, would you keep shrinking till you were, like 60 cm tall, like a little boy again? No, because old people don’t really shrink! It is not that they are growing backwards----their legs , arms and backbones getting shorter. When they do get shorter, it’s because the spine has shorter a litter. Or, more often, become more bent and curved.If blood is red , why are veins (静脉) blue?Actually , veins are not blue at all. They are more of a clear , yellowish color. Although blood looks red when it’s outside the body, when it’s sitting in a vein nearthe surface of the skin, it’s more of a dark reddish purple color. At the right depth, these blood-filled veins reflect less red light then the surrounding skin, making them look blue by comparison.Why does spinning make you dizzy?Because your brain gets confused between what you’re seeing and what you’re feeling. The brain senses that you’re spinning using special gravity-and-motion-sensing organs in your inner ear, which work together with your eyes to keep your vision and balance stable. But when you suddenly stop spinning the system goes out of control, and your brain thinks you’re moving while you’re not!1. Why do some old people look a little shrunken as they age?A. Because their spines is in active use.B. Because they are more easily affected by gravity.C. Because they keep growing backwards.D. Because their spine becomes more bent.2.Which of the following statements about our brain is TRUE?A.In the long run, our brain probably works harder than our heart.B.When our brain senses the spinning, we will feel dizzy.C.The brain of any other mammal is as complex as the human brain.D.Our feelings and emotions come from the most developed area in our brain.3.What is the color of blood in a vein near the surface of the skin?A.Blue.B. Light yellow.C. Red.D. Dark reddish purple.4.What is the purpose of the passage?A.To give advice on how to stay healthy.B.To provide information about the human body.C.To challenge new findings in medical research.D.To report the latest discoveries in medical science.语篇3Nursing at Beth Israel Hospital produces the best patient care possible. If we are to solve the nursing shortage, hospital administration and doctors everywhere would do well to follow Beth Israel’s example.At Beth Israel each patient is assigned to a primary nurse who visits at length with the patient and constructs a full-scale health account that covers everything from his medical history to his emotional state. Then she writes a care plan centered on the patient’s illness but which also includes everything else that is necessary.The primary nurse stays with the patient through his hospitalization, keeping track with his progress and seeking further advice from his doctor. If a patient at Beth Israel is not responding to treatment, it is not uncommon for his nurse to propose another approach to his doctor. What the doctor at Beth Israel has in the primary nurse is a true colleague.Nursing at Beth Israel also involves a decentralized（分散的）nursing administration：everyfloor, every unit is a self-contained organization. There are nurse-managers instead of head nurses. In addition to their medical duties they do all their own hiring and dismissing, employee advising, and they make salary recommendations. Each unit’s nurses decide among themselves who will work what shifts and when.Beth Israe’s nurse-in-chief ranks as an equal with other vice presidents of the hospital. She also is a member of the Medical Executive Committee, which in most hospitals includes only doctors.1.Which of the following best characterizes the main feature of the nursing system at Beth IsraelHospital?A.The doctor gets more active professional support from the primary nurse.B.Each patient is taken care of by a primary nurse day and night.C.The primary nurse writes care plans for every patient.D.The primary nurse keeps records of the patient’s health conditions every day.2.It can be inferred from the passage that___________________.pared with other hospitals nurses at Beth Israel Hospital are more patientB.in most hospitals nurses get lower salaries than nurses at Beth Israel HospitalC.patients at Beth Israel are taken better care of from the professional point of viewpared with other hospitals nurses have to work longer hours at Beth Israel Hospital3. A primary nurse can propose a different approach of treatment when ___________________.A.the present one is refused by the patientB.the patient complains about the present oneC.the present one proves to be ineffectiveD.the patient is found unwilling to cooperate4.The main difference between a nurse-manager and a head nurse is that the former___________________..A.is a member of the Medical Executive Committee of the hospitalB.has to arrange the work shifts of the unit’s nursesC.can make decisions concerning the medical treatment of a patientD.has full responsibility in the administration of the unit’s nurses语篇4About PISAThe Program for International Student Assessment ( PISA) is a triennial (每三年一次的) international survey which aims to evaluate education systems worldwide by testing the skills and knowledge of 15-year-old students. To date, students representing more than 70 economies have participated in the assessment.What makes PISA differentPISA is unique because it develops tests which are not directly linked to the school curriculum. The tests are designed to assess to what extent students at the end of compulsory education, can apply their knowledge to real life situations and be equipped for full participation in society. The information collected through background questionnaires also provides context which can help analysts interpret the results.What the assessment involvesSince the year 2000，every three years, fifteen-year-old students from randomly selected schools worldwide take tests in the key subjects：reading, mathematics and science, with a focus on one subject in each year of assessment. The students take a test that lasts 2 hours. The tests are a mixture of open-ended and multiple-choice questions that are organized in groups based on a passage setting out a real-life situation. A total of about 390 minutes of test items are covered. Students take different combinations of different tests.Additional PISA initiativesPISA-based Test for Schools (PTS)As interest in PISA has grown, school and local educators have been wanting to know how their individual schools compare with students and schools in education systems worldwide. To address this need, the OECD (The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) has developed the PISA-based test for schools. It is currently available in the United States and the OECD is in discussions with governments to make the test available in other countries such as England and Spain.1.PISA is different from other programmes because ___________________..A.its test is closely related to the school curriculumB.its test aims to assess whether students can solve real-life problemsC.its test can equip students for full participation in schoolD.test scores directly determine the analysis of the test2.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A.Test-takers are carefully selected.B.Test-takers answer the same questions.C.Test-takers are tested on three key subjects.D.Test-takers spend about 390 minutes on the test.3.What can we infer from the last paragraph?A.Students of all ages will be able to take PTS in the future.B.More countries are likely to have PTS in the future.C.School and local educators show little interest in PISA at present.D.PISA provides evaluation of the education system within a certain country.语篇5After retirement from the medical center, my wife and I built our home in a gated community surrounded by swimming clubs and golf courses on Hilton Head Island. But when I left for the other side of the island，I was traveling on unpaved roads lined with leaky cottages (小屋）. The “lifestyle” of many of the native islanders stood in sharp contrast to my comfortable existence.By talking to the local folks, I discovered that the vast majority of the maids, gardeners, waitresses and construction workers who make this island work had little or no access to medical care. It seemed shocking to me. I wondered why someone didn’t do something about that. Then my father’s words，which he had asked his children daily when they were young，rang in my head again: “What did you do for someone today?”Even though my father had died several years before, I guess I still didn5t want to disappoint him. So I started working on a solution. The island was full of retired doctors. If I could persuade them to spend a few hours a week volunteering their services, we could provide free primary health care to those so desperately in need of it. Most of the doctors I approached liked the idea, so long as they could be re-licensed without troubles. It took one year and plenty of persistence, but I was able to persuade the state legislators (议员) to create a special license for doctors volunteering in not-for-profit clinics.The town donated land, local residents contributed office and medical equipment and some of the potential patients volunteered their weekends decorating the building that would become the clinic. We named it V olunteers in Medicine and we opened its doors in 2005, fully staffed by retired physicians, nurses and dentists as well as nearly 150 nonprofessional volunteers. That year we had 5,000 patient visits; last year we had 16,000.Somehow word of what we were doing got around. Soon we were receiving phone calls from retired physicians all over the country, asking for help in starting VIM clinics in their communities. We did the best we could ——there are now 15 other clinics operating — but we couldn’t keep up with the need. Yet last month I think my father’s words found their way up north to McNeil Consumer Healthcare, the maker of Tylenol. A major grant from McNeil will allow us to respond to these requests and help establish other free clinics in communities around the country.1.What is the passage mainly about?A.The contrast between the rich and the poor on an island.B.The story of a man and his wife who likes to help others.C.The inspiration of a father’s words.D.The life and work of a retired physician.2.The purpose of V olunteers in Medicine is to___________________..A.help retired medical workers improve their incomesB.provide free medical services to those who need themC.urge the government to set up non-profit clinicsD.make the dream of the author’s father come true3.Which of the following has been done by the author himself?A.Buying the medical equipment.B.Finding the land and the office.C.Furnishing the building that could be put to use for the clinic.D.Getting a special license for the retired doctors.4.In the last paragraph，“I think my father’s words found their way up north to McNeil” impliesthat___________________..A.my father’s words finally spread to McNeilB.McNeil decided to do something for the needy peopleC.my father’s words had a great influence over McNeilD.McNeil was badly in need of professional advice from retired doctors语篇6In 1800, only three percent of the world’s population lived in cities. Only one city — Beijing — had a population of over a million. Most people living in rural areas never saw a city in their lives. In 1900, just a hundred years later, roughly 150 millionpeople lived in cities, and the world9s ten largest cities all had populations exceeding （超过）one million. By 2000, the numberof city dwellers (居住者)exceeded three billion; and in 2008，the world’s population crossed a tipping point — more than half of the people on Earth lived in cities. By 2050, that could increase to over two-thirds. Clearly, humans have become an urban species.In the 19th and early 20th centuries, many people viewed cities negatively ——crowded, dirty environments full of disease and crime. They feared that as cities got bigger, living conditions would worsen. In recent decades, however, attitudes have changed. Many experts now think urbanization ( 城市化) is good news，offering solutions to the problems of Earth’s growing population.Harvard economist Edward Glaeser, author of The Victory of the City ^ is one such person. Glaeser argues that cities are very productive because “the absence of space between people ” reduces the cost of transporting goods and ideas. While the flow of goods has always been important to cities, what is most important today is the flow of ideas. Successful cities enable people to learn from each other easily, and attract and reward smart people with higher wages.Another urbanization supporter is environmentalist Stewart Brand. Brand believes cities help the environment because they allow half of the world’s population to live on about four percent of the land. This leaves more space for open country, such as farmland. City dwellers also have less impact per person on the environment than people in the countryside. Their roads, sewers (污水管)，and power lines need fewer resources to build and operate. City apartments require less energy to heat, cool, and light. Most importantly, people in cities drive less so they produce fewer greenhouse gases per person.So it’s a mistake to see urbanization as evil; it’s a natural part of development. The challenge is how to manage the growth.1.What is Paragraph 1 mainly about?A.The history of modem cities.B. Changes taking place within cities.C. How cities have grown over time.D. Why modem cities are changing.2.How have experts’ attitudes towards cities changed in recent decades?A.They now view the weaknesses as strengths.B.They no longer see city-living as attractive.C.They accept city life in spite of its problems.D.They think city-living provides more benefits.3.Which of the following would Edward Glaeser agree with?A.Cities provide more economic opportunities.B.City people get along better with each other.C.Over-crowded cities result in energy problems.D.Cities will most likely limit the flow of ideas,4.According to Paragraph 4, what would be the result of moving people out of cities?A.Economic production would be reduced.B. There would be less farmland available.C. People would travel less frequently.D. House values would fall greatly.语篇7Below is a page adapted from The Study Skills Handbook.The starting place for most research is the library. Join your school library as soon as possible and make the most of it.Library servicesFind out about the range of services available. Typically, there will be:◇academic journals◇specialist collections◇photocopiers◇laminators◇binding facilities◇computers◇CDs, DVDs, films, tapes, slides, and video resources◇silent areas and study rooms◇specialist resources for students with disabilities◇facilities for making audiovisual aids for your presentations◇support on how to use library facilities.Finding books in the library◇Fiction is arranged in alphabetical order (a-z) by author’s surnames.◇Reference books are arranged by subject. Each subject is given a number, which is shown on the spine of the book.◇All the books on a given subject are grouped together on the shelves.◇You can find a book’s reference number by looking it up in the library catalogue (目录).◇Most catalogues are now electronic. For more about electronic searches, see pages 148-52.It helps to find books if you already know:◇the author’s surname and initials◇the title of the book.Journals or periodicalsJournals or periodicals usually contain the latest research for your subject, as well as book reviews. Most journal articles have a short “abstract” at the beginning which tells you what the articles are about. Browsing through the abstracts and reviews helps to keep you up to date with the subject. You will be expected to refer to articles in most assignments.Journals are published at regular intervals during the year. They are collected into numbered volumes, usually one for each year. To find a journal article you need to know:◇the title of the journal, the year it was published and its volume number◇the name and initials of the article’s author◇the title of the article.。
高中英语牛津上海版高中三年级第一学期名词与主谓一致巩固提升练习(有答案)
名词与主谓一致巩固提升练习基础练习1.No one except Jack and Tom ________ the answer.A. are knowsB. is knowingC. knowsD. know2.Nothing but cars_______ in the shop.A. are going to sellB. were soldC. are soldD. is sold3.Here is a message of importance to every man and every woman who_______ .A. votesB. voteC. votingD. arevoting4.Politics_______ one of the subjects that I study.A. areB. is G. were D. was5. _______ a lready been interviewed.A. A number of applicants haveB. A number of applicants hasC. The number of applicants haveD. The number of applicants has6. _______ i s misused in the sentence.A. A word or twoB. One or two wordsC. One and two wordsD. Many words7.There _______ priceless jewellery on display at the exhibition hall.A. areB. haveC. isD. has8.I am the one who________ w rong.A. amB. isC. areD. havebeen9.Each of the footballers________ over 150 pounds.A. weighB. weighsC. weightsD. wereweighing10.Half of the material ________ away.A. has been takenB. are takenC. have been takenD. weretaken11.The manager or his assistant ________planning to go.A. wasB. wereC. hasD. will12.There _______ in this room.A. are too many furnituresB. are too much furnitureC. are too much furnituresD. is too much furniture13.His brother rather than his parents ________ .A. are to be blamedB. is to blameC. are to blameD. is to be blamed14. What caused the accident and who was responsible for it_______ a mystery to us.A. has been remainedB. have been remainedC. remainD. remains15. To know merely the main facts________ enough.A. areB. beC. beingD. is16. Watering the flowers and looking after the children________ all I have to do everyday.A. areB. isC. wasD. were17. Each boy and each girl________ a new book.A. have goneB. has goneC. have gotD. has got18. American and Dutch beer ________ b oth much lighter than British.A. areB. isC. wereD. was19. It is not I but you who________ the first to run to the goal in that competition.A. isB. wasC. areD. is goingto20. Every means________ been tried since then.A. hasB. haveC. areD. is21. One and a half bananas________ o n the table.A. are leftB. is leftC. have leftD. has left22. There _______ in this room.A. are too many roomsB. are too much roomC. are plenty of roomsD. is plenty of room23. Neither of them ________ g oing to the cinema. Both of them_________ going to thecinema.A. is; areB. is; isC. are; wasD. are; is24. All but one ________ h ere just now. All that I want to say __________ this.A. was; wereB. was; isC. were; isD. were;were25.A number of students ________ g one for an outing. The number of the students ________ increasing every yeaA. have; hasB. is; haveC. has; haveD. have; is26.S ome of the oranges________ turned bad. Some of the milk_______ turned sour.A. have; hasB. have; haveC. has; haveD. have; is27.Each student ________ got an English-Chinese dictionary. The students eacha dictionary.A. have; hasB. has; haveC. have; haveD. has; has28.There_______ a pen, an ink bottle, and some books on it. There___________ somebowls, plates and a spoon on it.A. is; areB. are; areC. are; isD. is; is29.Either the judge or the lawyers ________ wrong. Either you or he_________ to blame.A. is; areB. are; isC. are; areD. is; isKeys: 1-10 CDABA ACBBA11-20 ADBCD ADACA21-30 BDACD ABABA提高练习30.His family________ all very well. His family __________ a "five good" one.A. are; isB. is; isC. are; areD. is; are31.My blue trousers_______ worn out. One pair of trousers_________ not enough.A. is; areB. are; areC. is; isD. are; is32.Our League secretary and monitor _______ the lead in everything. Our League secretaryand the monitor good friends.A. take; areB. take; isC. takes; isD. takes;are33.The girl as well as his parents_________ a bike. Not only the students but also the professor_____________________________ s urprised at Mary's answer.A. have; wasB. have; wereC. has; wasD. has;were34.Who _______ the girl singing in the next room? Who ________ these people over there?A. are; areB. are; isC. is; areD. is; is35.Most of the students _______ boys. Most of his money________ spent on books.A. are; isB. is; isC. are; areD. is; are36.The policeman _______ standing at the street corner. The police_________ s earching for him.A. are; isB. are; areC. is; areD. is; is37.The glasses _______ mine. That pair of glasses _________ my brother's.A. are; isB. are; areC. is; areD. is; is38.The news at six o'clock________ n ot true. Those pieces of news_________ to be broadcast.A. are; isB. are; areC. is; areD. is; is39.Grandpa Wang and his two grandsons ________ taking a walk in the park now. Grandpa Wang, together with his two grandsons, taking a walk in the park now.A. are; areB. is; areC. is; isD. are; is40.No one but Jane________ the secret. Nobody but Mary and I_________ i n the classroom at that time.A. know; wasB. knows; wasC. know; wereD.knows; were41.There _______ nothing but two looms in the hall. There _________ something wrong with the machine.A. was; isB. was; areC. were; isD. were;are42.He is one of the boys who ________ never late for school. He is the only one of the boys who_____________________________ never late for school.A. is; areB. are; areC. are; isD. is; is43.What they have done_______ of great use to us. What he says and what he does________ agree.A. is; notB. is; do notC. are; does notD. are; not44.Every picture except these two ________ . Everything around us ________ matter.A. have been sold; isB. have been sold; areC. has been sold; isD. has been sold; are45.A woman with two children________ coming up to us. Mary, along with her parents, _________ moved to PaA. is; hasB. is; haveC. are; haveD. are; has46.one sixth of our classmates _______ from peasant families. One fifth of her time __________ devoted to wA. comes; isB. come; areC. come; isD. comes;are47.Only 10 percent of the students in the class _______ League members. About 40% of Jim'sincome_____________________________________ to the rent (租金).A. are; goesB. are; goC. is; goesD. is; go48.It is this teacher who ________ leaving for London. It is you who _________ next.A. are; areB. is; areC. are; isD. is; is49.The population of the earth_______ increasing fast. One third of the population here ________ workers.A. is; areB. is; isC. are; isD. are;are50.This kind of snakes________ very dangerous. These kinds of metal_________ hard tofind.A. is; isB. are; isC. is; areD. are; are51.Half of the visitors ________ from Europe. Half of the fruit__________ b ad.A. is; areB. is; isC. are; isD. are; are52.Every man worker and every woman worker ________ free medical care. At Christmaseach boy and each girl_____________________________ given a present.A. enjoy; isB. enjoy; areC. enjoys; isD. enjoys;are53.Many a man ________ s een the wonderful film. Many men________ seen thewonderful film.A. has; hasB. has; haveC. have; hasD. have;have54.Going to bed early and getting up early________ a good habit. Singing and dancing _________ two of the thA. is; isB. are; isC. is；areD. are;are55.Such _______ Albert Einstein, a simple man of great achievements. Suchher words.A. were; wereB. was; wereC. were; wereD. was;was56.If anybody_______ , ask him to wait. ________ there anything I can do for you?A. come; IsB. come; AreC. comes; AreD. comes;Is57.Chinese_______ not so difficult to learn. The Chinese people ________ brave and hard working.A. is; isB. are; isC. is; areD. are; are58.Little _______ done to prevent the air from being polluted. Much ________ done to against fight pollution.A. has been; have beenB. have; hasC. has been; has beenD. have been; have been59.Do you know the singer and dancer who_______ s tanding at the gate? China has thousands of islands, the largest of which Taiwan.A. is; areB. is; isC. are; isD. are; are60.When we are to hold the sports meet _________ been decided. Whether he succeeds or fails _____________________________________ m atter.A. have; don'tB. has; don'tC. have; doesn'tD. has; doesn'tKeys: 31-40 DDCCA CACDB41-50 ACBCA CABAC51-60 CCBCB DCCBD。
高中英语牛津上海版高中三年级第一学期非谓语动词精讲及巩固练习(有答案)
非谓语动词（一）不定式思维导图（二）动名词思维导图（三）分词思维导图（四）非谓语动词成分（五）写作词组积累考纲词汇短语默写07课堂练习（一）填空1. The next morning she found the man in bed, _____ (lie) dead.2. The furniture ______(deliver) on October 15 was seriously damaged because of a road accident .3. Most of the people_______(invite) to the party were famous scientists.4. —Good morning. Can I help you?—I’d like to have this package________(weigh), madam.5. ________(give) more attention, the trees could have grown better.6. She reached the top of the hill and stopped________(rest) on a big rock by the side of the path.7. The murderer was brought in, with his hands______(tie) behind his back.8. The secretary worked late into the night, _______(prepare) a long speech for the president.9. I can hardly imagine Peter_______(sail) across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.10. The Olympic Games, first________(play) in 776 B.C., did not include women players until 1912.11. __________(not finish) his homework, he was forbidden to watch the game.12. The _________(increase) world population is the result of recent advances in medical science.13. Cleaning women in big cities usually get______ (pay) by the hour.14. European football is played in 80 countries, ______ (make) it the most popular sport in the world.15. Robert is said_________(study) abroad, but I don’t know what country he studied in.16. When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door, ______(read) “Sorry to miss you; will call later.”17. It is impossible to avoid ______(influence) by advertisements in a modern society.18. Some people believe that some numbers show the ______(hide) side of a person’s personality.19. —How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers?—key to______ (solve) the problem is to meet the demand _______(make) by the customers.20. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains______ (see) whether they will enjoy it.21. The research is so designed that once______ (begin) nothing can be done to change it.22. Time should be made good use of __________（learn）our lessons well.23. Walking past the park, I couldn’t help ______(stop) to watch some children flying kites.24. Generally speaking, when________(take) according to directions, the drug has no side-effect.25. An army spokesman stressed that all the soldiers had been ordered_______(issue) clearwarnings before firing any shots.26. There is a new problem _______(involve) in the popularity of private cars that road conditionsneed ______(improve).27. The manager, ______ (know) his factory’s products were poor in quality, decided to give hisworkers further training.28. The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if _______ (see) whether he was goingin the right direction.29. Don’t be discouraged. ______ (take) things as they are and you will enjoy every day of yourlife.30. Unless______ (invite)to speak, you should remain silent at the conference.1. lying2. delivered3. invited4. weighed5. given6. to rest7. tied8.preparing9. sailing 10. played 11. Not finishing 12. increasing 13. paid 14. making 15. to have studied16. reading 17. being influenced 18. hidden 19. solving made 20. to be seen 21. begun22. to learn 23. stopping 24. taken 25. to issue 26. involved improving 27 knowing28. to see 29. Take 30. invited（二）翻译1、老人们发现越来越难跟上现代科学的发展。
高中英语牛津上海版高中三年级第一学期强调句和倒装句专项巩固提升练习(有答案)
倒装& 强调句一、高考聚焦1.手机在人们的日常生活中起着如此重要的作用，没有人敢不带手机去旅行。
（So...）So important a role does a phone play in people’s daily life, no one dares to travel without it.2.垃圾分类不仅有助于环境保护还有利于废物循环利用，所以人人要行动起来。
（Not only)Not only does classifying/sorting rubbish help protect the environment, but also it helps recycle waste materials, so everyone should take action.3.他高中一毕业就迫不及待的出国旅游去了。
（Hardly）Hardly had he graduated from the high school when he hurried to travel abroad.4.只有充分利用你遇到的每个机会，你才能实现自己的梦想。
（only）Only by making full use of every chance that you come across can you realize your dream.5.他伤得很严重，应该马上送医院。
(So...)So badly was he wounded that he should be sent to the hospital immediately.6.志愿者活动不仅能使青少年学到如何帮助残疾人，还可以提高他们与陌生人合作的意识。
(Not only…)Not only can volunteer activities enable teenagers to learn how to help the disabled, but they can also raise teenagers’ awareness to cooperate with strangers.Or: Not only can volunteer activities make teenagers learn how to help the disabled, but they can raise teenagers’ awareness to cooperate with strangers as well.7.杰克难得去老师那儿寻求帮助，他觉得自学会使自己受益更多。
高中英语牛津上海版高中三年级第一学期选词填空精讲及巩固练习(有答案)
选词填空（一）考情分析1.近5年高考选词文章分析✧10年后选词填空题文体以说明文为主✧题材内容以科普文为主，但内容各不相同，覆盖人文、健康、科技、气候、概念等方方面面。
2.近5年高考选词词汇分析2014年2015年2016年2017年秋考2018年春考2018年秋考✧主要考察实词，为名词，动词，形容词，副词；✧动词是考察重点，尤其是动词的分词变形为主；所以动词时语态与非谓语是高中语法学习的重点。
✧名词与形容词为次重点，每年都有考察；对于名词与形容词在句中所起作用与相互修饰须要学生熟练掌握。
✧副词考察较少，难度不大。
它在句中的位置灵活，功能强大。
✧每年都会考察考纲词汇的派生词，如标粗处。
要注意积累派生词。
3.近5年高考选词高频词汇分布✧考纲词汇积累与运用是选词填空的考察重点，也是学生英语学习的大难点。
从上面几个表格中不难看出首字母a-,c-.p-, re-, i-, s-高频词汇考察多，且多为长难词。
P-开头以pl-,pro-,pre-为重难点，也是学生容易混淆的词汇点。
（二）解题步骤第一步，判断方框内单词词性。
有多个词性的都标出来，不确定词性的先不标。
doing和done可以不标。
第二步，略读抓中心。
略读文章，细读文章首句，快速掌握文章的主题词与了解文章大致内容。
第三步，填词入空。
分为三小步：1、确认空处可填词性，2、同性词筛选，3、按逻辑关系代入确认答案。
（三）空格词性判断1）句子缺主语46 Researchers had two groups of 20 people each listen to a 30-minute recording that included a sequence of numbers.2）句子缺动词宾语或介词宾语The officials realized that the students had already established digital__41. identities _ _ by the time they entered college…Their debates took place before 44 audience in cornfields and courthouse squares.3）注意名词也可作定语However, you don't have time to carefully plan menus for meals or read food 41 labels at the supermarket.注意此时动词形式为原形，三单，过去式，进行时或被动语态的过去分词。
高中英语牛津上海版高中三年级第一学期主谓一致讲解及提升练习(有答案)
主谓一致讲解及巩固练习主谓一致(Subject- Verb Agreement)，指”人称”和”数方面的一致关系。
(一) 语法一致原则: 即主语为单数,谓语用单数,主语为复数,谓语也用复数. 以下为注意事项:1. with , along with, together with, like(象), but (除了),except, besides, as well as, no less than, rather than(而不是), including, in addition to 引导的主语由前面的主语决定。
Air as well as water is matter.No one except two servants was late for the dinner.2. 用and连接的并列主语,如果主语是同一个人,同一事,同一概念, 谓语动词用单数, 否则用复数. 如:The poet and writer has come. 那位诗人兼作家来了.(一个人)A hammer and a saw are useful tools. 锤子和锯都是有用的工具. (两样物) 用and连接的成对名词习惯上被看成是一个整体, 如:bread and butter(黄油抹面包), knife and fork(刀叉)等作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。
3. 不定式(短语), 动名词(短语), 或从句作主语时, 谓语动词用单数. 如: Serving the people is my great happiness.When we’ll go out for an outing has been decided.4. 用连接的并列主语被each, every 或no修饰时, 谓语动词用单数.Every boy and every girl likes to go swimming.No teacher and no student was absent from the meeting.Each man and (each) woman is asked to help.5. each of + 复数代词, 谓语动词用单数. 复数代词+each, 谓语动词用单数.如:Each of us has something to say.6. 若主语中有more than one 或many a/an , 尽管从意义上看是复数, 但它的谓语动词仍用单数。
高中英语牛津上海版高中三年级第一学期上学期春考复习2(有答案)
春考复习2（一）阅读做题技巧：1.阅读一般是每篇4道题，做题时要先看题再看文章，这样既省时又容易理解文章。
2.阅读题型分为细节题，推断题，词义题，态度题及主旨题。
3.每篇阅读都先看第一题题目，然后回到文章看第一段或一二段，基本上能找出答案，除了若第一题出现主旨题要最后做，先看第二题。
4.做完第一题接着看第二题题目，然后回到文章从刚刚看完的那里接着往下看，找到答案后继续读第三题，以此方法到最后。
5.最后一题主旨题若刚看完的文章不太记得了就把每段的第一句最后一句再看一遍。
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)Robert F. Kennedy once said that a country’s GDP measures “everything except that which makes life worthwhile.” With Britain voting to leave the European Union, and GDP already predicted to slow as a result, it is now a timely moment to assess what he was referring to.The question of GDP and its usefulness has annoyed policymakers for over half a century. Many argue that it is a faulty concept. It measures things that do not matter and misses things that do. By most recent measures, the UK’s GDP has been the envy of the Western world, with record low unemployment and high growth figures. If everything was going so well, then why did over 17 million people vote for Brexit, despite the warnings about what it could do to their country’s economic prospects?A recent annual study of countries and their ability to transformed growth into well-being throws some light on that question. Across the 163 countries measured, the UK is one of the poorest performers in ensuring that economic growth is translated into meaningful improvements for its citizens. Rather than just focusing on GDP, over 40 different sets of criteria (标准) from health, education and civil society engagement have been measured to get a more comprehensive assessment of how countries are performing.While all of these countries face their own challenges, there are a number of consistent themes. Yes, there has been a budding (初见端倪的) economic recovery since the 2008 globalcrash, but in key indicators in areas such as health and education, major economies have continued to decline. Yet this isn’t the case with all countries. Some relatively poor European countries have seen huge improvements across measures including civil society, income equality and the environment.This is a lesson that rich countries can learn: When GDP is no longer regarded as the mere measure of a country’s success, the world looks very different.So, what Kennedy was referring to was that while GDP has been the most common method for measuring the economic activity of nations, as a measure, it is no longer enough. It does not include important factors such as environmental quality or education outcomes—all things that contribute to a person’s sense of well-being.The sharp hit to growth predicted around the world and in the UK could lead to a decline in the everyday services we depend on for our well-being and for growth. But policymakers who refocus efforts on improving well-being rather than simply worrying about GDP figures could avoid the heralded (预示的) disaster and may even see progress.63. It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that _____.A. the UK is reluctant to reshape its economic patternB. GDP as the measure of success is widely opposed in the UKC. the UK will contribute less to the world economyD. policymakers in the UK are paying less attention to GDP64. Which of the following is TRUE about the recent annual study?A. It is sponsored by 163 countries.B. It excludes GDP as an indicator.C. Its criteria are questionable.D. Its results are inspiring.65. In the last two paragraphs, the author suggests that _____.A. the UK is preparing for an economic boomB. high GDP forecasts an economic declineC. it is essential to consider factors beyond GDPD. it requires caution to handle economic issues66. Which of the following is the best title for the text?A. High GDP But Inadequate Well-being, a UK LessonB. GDP Figures, a Window on Global Economic HealthC. Rebort F.Kennedy, a person puts an end to GDPD. Brexit, the UK’s Gateway to Well-beingBDCA（二）六选四做题技巧：1.通读全文，尤其是文章的开始部分，明确文章的基本话题和主要内容。
高中英语牛津上海版高中三年级第一学期 期中巩固提升练习(有答案)
高三上学期期中巩固提升练习Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, used one word that best fits each blank.A drug has stopped brain deterioration in Alzheimer’s（早老性痴呆病）, patients for the first time, scientists announced yesterday.Mental decline was stopped for 18 months in some patients, in results described as (21)______ (strong) sign yet that an effective treatment for the disease is near. Researchers said that the drug — (22)______ (take) as a tablet twice a day —could soon become the first medicine given to Alzheimer’s patients to keep the disease at bay for as long as possible.The final-stage trial had at first appeared (23)______ (be) a failure as the drug did not work in patients who were taking other dementia（痴呆，精神错乱）medicines. (24)______, among the 15 per cent of 891 patients not taking other medicines, the drug appeared to have remarkable effects.These patients say no drop-off in their reasoning and memory skills over 18 months, nor in their ability to carry out everyday tasks.(25)______, key areas of their brain shrank a third less than other patients in the trial, researchers told the A lzheimer’s Association International Conference in Toronto.“There is a pattern of disease modification here,” Serge Gauthier, of McGill University, (26)______ presented the results, said. “This is the first time it (27)______ (happen) in our field that a drug reduces the rate of brain atrophy（萎缩）.”At present patients are prescribed drugs such as donepezil, which help to control symptoms for a time but do not stop worsening damage to the brain.Doctor Gauthier said it was a surprise (28)______ other dementia drugs appeared to cancel out the effects of the new drug, called LMTX or LMTM, but (29) _______that just as cancer patients were given some medicines initially and then switched (30)______ _______ those stopped working, so Alzheimer’s patients could be given LMTX as a first-choice drug.“I’m excited about the promise of LMTX,” he said.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Preschool is getting a lot of attention these days. President Obama and mayors across the country are touting（标榜）preschool as an important investment in the economy.As policymakers _31_ the costs and benefits of “preschool for all,” they’re trying to figure out what actually works in the classroom.School officials say the system of intensive coaching is a key to classroom success. Boston uses coaches for teachers as part of its larger _32_ for preschool quality. The district has installed a strict _33_ and requires teachers to get masters degrees.Academics have known for some time that quality _34_, but much of the research has focused on small-scale programs. The Boston program is different.Last year, a Harvard University study found big _35_ in math and vocabulary in Boston after the program, where the preschool system spans 68 schools.“That you can develop high quality across 68 schools was not obvious,” says Harvard economist and education professor Richard Murnane, who was not _36_ in the study. “We can do better in preparing poor childre n for school, and it can be done at considerable _37_.”But not everyone is sold. Some preschool research shows academic gains disappearing by third grade. Critics say a program without staying power is hardly worth a big public _38_.“So we just don’t kno w about Boston, whether the _39_ effects that are talked about at the end of the pre-K year are going to be there at the end of first grade, second grade or third grade,” Whitehurst says. “Without knowing that, it’s hard to make a decision about whether th is is a great program that ought to be _40_ in other places.”But policymakers around the country aren’t waiting for a long-term study. They’re coming to Boston to see the preschool program up close.Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.We have been putting smart women on the couch for 40 years without making full use of their talent. Today the portion of top jobs that go to women is still _41_ low. Why aren’t more women running things in America? It isn’t for lack of ambition or qualifications. The real _42_ to getting more women to the top is the difficult issue of time commitment: To day’s top jobs in major organizations _43_ 60-plus hours of work a week. Isn’t it too much?But for businesses and reformers are serious about making their companies _44_ for the large number of American talented women, here are three ways to handle it.Re-think time. We can break away from the belief that high-level work can be done only by people who work extra time. Maybe working time can be _45_ by setting the right amount of work that needs to get done. Senior roles should actually be easier to adapt in this way because highly paid people have the desire to give up some _46_ in order to work less.Availability matters. It’s important to differ between availability and absolute time commitment. Many professional women would _47_ agree to check email seven days a week and come to office, _48_, for intense project — so long as over the course of a year, the time devoted to work is more _49_. Managers need to know that 24/7 availability is not the same thing as a 24/7 workload.Quality is the goal, not quantity. Leaders need to create a _50_ in which talented people are judged not by the quantity of their work, but by the quality of their _51_. One who works 20 hours a week and who delivers exceptional results on a pro rata（摊派）basis should be qualified for _52_ and viewed as a top performer.“Devotion” may help talented women who can live with the way that top jobs require today —and if that’s their _53_, give more power to them. But only a small percentage of women will choose this route. Until the rest of us get serious about _54_ the present way that work gets done in American corporations, we can only complain about the _55_ of it all while changing almost nothing.41. A. shockingly B. possibly C. relatively D. consequently42. A. desire B. barrier C. challenge D. solution43. A. promise B. suggest C. track D. demand44. A. cautious B. careful C. nervous D. Hopeful45. A. shortened B. adjusted C. lengthened D. Unchanged46. A. time B. income C. freedom D. promotion47. A. happily B. reluctantly C. hesitantly D. rapidly48. A. if necessary B. when possible C. if convenient D. when likely49. A. expected B. limited C. paid D. excluded50. A. rule B. situation C. civilization D. culture51. A. duties B. contributions C. donations D. commitments52. A. managers B. supervisors C. promotions D. employments53. A. comprehension B. advantage C. principle D. choice54. A. altering B. considering C. setting D. fighting55. A. dream B. time C. injustice D. crueltySection BDirections:Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Even as a child, the best-known North American woman painter, Frida Kahlo exhibited an independent, rebellious spirit and lack of restraint (克制) that often got her into trouble.At the age of six, however, Frida’s life changed dramatically. She got polio and was confined to her bed for nine months. The disease left Frida’s right leg shorter and thinner than her left, and when she had recovered enough to return to school, she walked with a limp. She was often teased by her playmates, and although that was emotionally painful for her, she compensated by being outgoing and gained a reputation a s a “character”A turning point occurred in Frida’s life in September, when she was involved in a near-fatal accident. The bus in which she was riding home after school crashed into a trolley car. The impact caused a metal rail to break loose, piercing Frida’s entire body with the steel rod. The Red Cross doctors who arrived and examined the victims separated the injured from the dying, giving the injured first priority. They took one look at Frida and put her with the hopeless cases.The doctor eventually treated Frida, and miraculously she survived. She suffered a broken spine and two broken ribs. Her right leg was broken in 11 places, and her right foot was smashed. Her left shoulder was dislocated. From that point on, Frida Kahlo would never live a day without pain.Although Frida recovered enough to lead a fairly normal life, the accident had severe psychological and physical consequences. She had to abandon her plan to become a doctor. Her slowly healing body kept her in bed for months, and it was during this time that Frida began to paint. Some artists look to nature or society for their inspiration, but Fria Kahlo looked inward. After her accident, Frida described her pain in haunting, dreamlike self-portraits. Most of her 200 paintings explore her vision of herself. The Broken Column (1944), a small deer with Frida’s head and a body pierced with arrows runs through the woods.When she was in her forties, her health seriously declined, but Frida always kept her lively spirit. By then she was internationally known. When a Mexican gallery wanted to have a major exhibition of her work, she arranged to have her elaborately decorated, four-poster bed carried into the gallery so that she could receive people.56. Polio left Kahlo with a limp, and as a result she became ___________________.A. shy and withdrawnB. polite and gracefulC. friendly and unconventionalD. weak and straightforward57. Kahlo began to paint ___________________.A. when she was still a childB. after she suffered from polioC. after a serious traffic accident happenedD. while she was already in her forties58. Which of the following doesn’t describe Kahlo’s artwork?A. She painted many beautiful landscapes.B. She painted pictures showing pain and suffering.C. She often used herself as a subject for her work.D. She painted even when she was very ill.59. At the time of her death, Kahlo was ___________________.A. still an unknown artist.B. sorry she had taken up artC. not accepted as an accomplishedD. a famous North American woman artist(B)The National GalleryThe National Gallery displays one of the finest and most comprehensive collections of paintings in the Western European tradition. It includes many famous works, such as Botticelli’s Venus and Mars, Titan’s Bacchus and Ariadne, Caravaggio’s Supper at Emmaus and Monet’s The Water-Lily Pond. All major traditions of Western European painting are represented from the artists of the late medieval period and Renaissance to the French Impressionists.Become a MemberJoin today and enjoy free entry to exhibitions, exclusive events, special offers, and more. To join, visit/membership, call 020 7747 2850 or speak to our Visitor Engagement team.Support usIf you have enjoyed your visit, please make a donation in our visitor donation boxes, which can be found at all entrances. Donations from visitors make a real difference to the Gallery, helping to preserve and care for this unique collection. Thank you for you support.Visiting information Admission freeOpening hoursOpen daily 10am-6pm,Friday Lates 6-9pm. Closed 1 January, 24-26 December.Eat, drink and shopThe National Dining RoomsLevel 1, Sainsbury Wing EntranceOpen daily 10am-5pm,(8.30pm Fridays). Waiter service.The National CaféLevel 0, Getty EntranceMonday to Friday 8am-11pm,Saturday 10am-11pm,Sunday 10am-6pmSelf-service café and waiter-service brasserie.Free Wi-Fi Espresso BarOpen daily 10am-5.45pm,(8.45pm Fridays). Self-service.ShopsOpen daily 10am-5.45pm(8.45pm Fridays).Shop online at EventsFor information on events andprogrammes please consult the What’sOn guide located at the entrances or goto /events60. Where is the passage most probably from?A. A speech introducing the National Gallery.B. A thesis on western European art.C. A guide to the National Gallery.D. A newspaper article about collections in the gallery.61. What is the right unique to members of the National Gallery?A. Access to exclusive events and special offers.B. Admission free and free Wi-Fi.C. Free meals inside the National Gallery.D. No need to queue at all entrances.62. If you feel hungry when you visit the National Gallery at 7pm on Saturday, where can you gofor refreshment?A. Shops.B. The National Dining Rooms.C. Espresso Bar.D. The NationalCafé.(C)Beauty is big business in China. The country’s cosmetics market is worth $26 billion a year, making it the third-biggest in the world. Euromonitor, a research firm, believe it will grow 8% each year from now to 2017.It would seem surprising, then, that some of the world’s best-known brands are giving up on such an attractive market. This week L’Oreal of France, the world’s biggest cosmetics firm, said that it will stop selling its Garnier line of beauty products in China. This came on the heels of an announcement by Revlon, an American rival, that it would leave the country altogether.L’Oreal insists that this is not a step back from the Chinese market, of which it commands an 11% share, but rather a shift in strategy. It says it will henceforth concentrate on selling Chinese consumers it’s L’Oreal Paris and Maybelline New York lines. Revlon has done rather less well in China, which accounts for a tiny share of its global revenues. It is said to have suffered a big fall in sales in recent months and blames this on a slowing Chinese economy.A few years ago, when China’s annual GDP growth was in double digits and its consumers had barely begun to fill their repressed desire for foreign luxury, the firms that sold it set themselves ambitious targets. Now China is coming to resemble a more normal emerging market: still with much potential for growth, but with no guarantee that every fancy foreign product entering it will get a piece of the action. Consumers are becoming more sophisticated, and are increasingly unwilling to pay extra money for all but the very best brands.At the same time costs are high. Wages for “beauty assistants” and other saleswomen are rising at double-digit rates annually. Marketing in such a huge and diverse country, are complex. To cap it all, Chinese cosmetics firms are quickly catching up with the foreign ones.As the costs rise and the growth slows, L’Oreal and Revlon are unlikely to be the last foreign cosmetics firms to think again about their ambitions in China.63. Which statement is true about China’s cosmetics market?A. It is worth $26 million a year.B. It is growing at a rate of 8% each year.C. China’s domestic brands have defeated foreign brands overwhelmingly.D. China’s cosmetics market is the third-biggest in the world.64. The underlined phrase “came on the heels of” (Para.2) is closest in meaning to ____________.A. followedB. affected byC. caught up withD. was prior to65. Why did some world’s famous cosmetics brands change their strategy in China?A. Because L’Oreal commands a share of 11%, leaving little potential for other brands.B. The costs are high and China’s economic growth is slowing down.C. Chinese consumers began to fill their repressed desire for foreign luxury.D. There is limited potential for development in China’s cosmetics market.66. How will the author probably predict China’s future cosmetics market?A. It will grow at a rate of 8% each year from now to 2017.B. L’Oreal and Revlon will be the only two foreign brands to reconsider their ambitions in China.C. Foreign brands will face fierce competition with domestic brands.D. For all the challenges, foreign cosmetics firms are optimistic about their ambitions in China.Section DDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Sunlight is free, but that is no reason to waste it. Yet even the best silicon solar cells – by far the most common sort – convert only a quarter of the light that falls on them. Silicon has the merit of being cheap: manufacturing improvements have brought its price to a point where it is snapping at the heels of fossil fuels. 67. ______John Rogers, of the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, is one. The cells he has devised can convert 42.5% of sunlight. 68. ______ Their secret is that they are actually not one cell, but four, stacked one on top of another.Solar cells are made of semiconductors, and every type of semiconductor has a property called a bank gap that is different from that of other semiconductors. 69. ______ It also fixes the maximum amount of energy that can be captured from shorter wavelength. The result is that long-wavelength photons are lost and short-wave ones incompletely utilized.70. ______ He chooses his materials so that the bottom of the band gap of the top layer matches the top of the band gap of the one underneath, and so on down the stack. Each layer thus chops off part of the spectrum, converts it efficiently into electrical energy and passes the rest on.The problem is that the materials needed to make these semiconductors are costly. But Dr Rogers has found a way to overcome this. Normal solar-cell modules are completely covered by semiconductor, but in his only 0.1% of the surface is so covered. The semiconducting stacks, each half a millimeter square, are scattered over that surface many dots. Each stack then has a pair of cheap glass lenses mounted over it. These focus the sun’s light onto the stack, meaning that all incident light meets a semiconductor.Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Stress for a teenager is as real a problem as stress for an adult. Therefore, it’s important to understand the causes of stress in teenagers.When parents change their jobs or if the family decides to move to a different place, the child has to change schools, find new friends, adapt to the new social circle and fit into new groups. It is always difficult for children to adapt to such changes, which can be a serious cause of stress in their life.Academic difficulties, such as inability to understand a certain subject can cause stress. Not every child has the ability to understand every subject. Some kids need extra help besides school work to grasp a few concepts. Poor academic performance is often laughed at and is looked down upon by both teachers and peers. In such cases, it can make the child feel isolated, neglected and hurt. All of this, put together, can add to stress, which many times worsens grades.Extra curricular activities(课外活动)such as playing a sport, or attending art classes can weigh heavily on your child’s mind. Balancing school and extra curricular activities does seem like a burden when you have to be outstanding at both. When the pressures from both the ends get unmanageable, teenagers tend to get tired and annoyed. Tiredness sets in, leading to stress related issues such as lack of concentration in school.These are the common causes of stress in teenagers, which can be noticed through signs such as poor memory, anxiety, negative and pessimistic attitude. If the signs of teenage stress gounrecognized for a long time, it can make the child emotionally out of balance. And next step, if this happens, it is necessary for parents to know how to deal with stress.TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 自开业以来，上海迪斯尼乐园天天游人如织。
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判断推理类阅读巩固提升练习（二）Passage 1In today's fast paced, high stress world people are working longer hours than ever, and often exhaust themselves at. Day's end in front, of the television to relax enough to begin again in the morning. However, television watching, for most people, does not really lower stress. Studies show that TV viewing more than an hour or so actually creates stress and, especially in women, may lead to the blues. Most individuals are unaware that doing some exercise after work makes them more energetic since it increases energy levels.Wise use of free time does not mean getting an advanced degree, although the mental encouragement gained through education is unbeatable in keeping your mind active. Learning new things nearly always adds a spark to your daily life, especially if it is a favorite topic, such as sport, fashion, or art. Also, look through your bookstore or library to find books on your interests. Try to replace a half hour TV watching with reading.It is reported that in the United States recently, many individuals have as few as two good friends. Long work hours and car commute act to separate people from each other. This separation is deadly. Find ways to meet people at the end of the day and on weekends. Often this can be best done by combining activities, such as by joining a walking group to get both exercise and companionship. Taking a class will lift your spirits and allow you to meet others with similar interests. Hobbies are great for reducing stress and provide another opportunity for social interaction.Using your free time to aid your health may include these elements and many more, such as going to concerts and spending time with family. Overall, the key is to spend less free time being passive. The best ways to use free time are to be mentally and physically active, spend some time outdoors, and interact with other people on a regular basis.1.What can we learn from the passage?A.Watching television may cause women to feel depressed.B.Finding interests and hobbies in common means taking a class.C.Going to concerts is the best way to make you mentally active.D.Getting an advanced degree in education always lights up your life.2.What does the underlined word "commute" in Paragraph 3 probably mean?A.The arrangement to work every dayB.The journey to work every dayC.The communication between peopleD.The separation between people3.Which would be the best title for the passage?A.Live a Happy and Healthy LifeB.Relax Yourself in Various WaysC.Spend Your Free Time WiselyD.Interact With Others OutdoorsPassage 2Our brains work in complex and strange ways. There are some people who can calculate the day of the week for any given date in 40,000 years, but who cannot add two plus two. Others can perform complex classical piano pieces after hearing them once, but they cannot read or write.Dr. J. Langdon Down first described this condition in 1887. He called these people idiot savants. An idiot savant is a person who has significant mental impairment, such as in autism or retardation. At the same time, the person also exhibits some extraordinary skills, which are unusual for most people. The skills of the savant may vary from being exceptionally gifted in music or in mathematics, or having a photographic memory.One of the first descriptions of a human who could calculate quickly was written in 1789 by Dr. Benjamin Rush, an American doctor. His patient, Thomas Fuller, was brought to Virginia as a slave in 1724. It took Thomas only 90 seconds to work out that a man who has lived 70 years, 17 days, and 12 hours has lived 2,210,500,800 seconds. Despite this ability, he died in 1790 without ever learning to read or write.Another idiot savant slave became famous as a pianist in the 1860s. Blind Tom had a vocabulary of only 100 words, but he played 5,000 musical pieces beautifully.In the excellent movie Rain Man, made in 1988 and available on video cassette, DustinHoffman plays an idiot savant who amazes his brother played by Tom Cruise, with his ability to perform complex calculations very rapidly.Today we more clearly recognize that the idiot savant is special because of brain impairment. Yet not all brain impairment leads to savant skills. Some studies have shown that people who have purposeful interruption of the left side of the brain can develop idiot savant skills. However few people wish to participate in such experiments. There are many excellent reasons for not undergoing unnecessary experimentation on one's brain. The term idiot savant is outdated and inappropriate. Virtually all savants have a high degree of intelligence and are thus not idiots.1.What does the passage mainly talk about?A.I diot savants have areas of outstanding abilities.B.H uman Beings have complicated thinking process.C.T he brains of the idiot savants are partly impaired.D.T he reasons why people have wonderful skills vary.2.Which of the following can be done by Rain Man?A.H e can play wonderful pieces of classical music.B.H e can guess out exactly the length of a man's life.C.H e can memorize the contents of the pictures fast.D.H e can count matches dropped on the floor quickly.3.What can you infer from the passage?A.I diot savants have real talents for art and math.B.D r. Down is the first person who found idiot savants.C.F ew people wish to risk becoming savants by brain operations.D.I ntentional left brain impairments will surely lead to idiot savants.4.Which of the following shows the structure of the passage? （1 ~5refer to paragraph 1 ~5.）Passage 3When it comes to parenting, it can be hard to know which issues are important and which ones are not. According to parenting expert Anne Murphy, a family dinner matters. "Having a family dinner doesn't only mean hours of sharing various kinds of food," she said. "It means getting together as long as you can—even if it's just 15 minutes for pizza. Or make it breakfast or lunch—whatever you can do."Never waste your valuable time on TV. Keep the conversation joyful—Murphy thinks it makes a difference. Studies have shown that teenagers whose families eat together are less likely to abuse drugs. They also have better grades and—perhaps most importantly—better relationships with their parents. It brings more benefit to children than many after-school activities, she added.Homework has become a hot issue recently. According to a study, the amount of time kids spend on homework has increased by 51 percent since 1981."The point of homework is to make students continue to learn after school hour," Murphy said. "However, giving too much homework runs the risk of turning kids off school and even worse— turning them off learning in all forms. They will turn to other things, such as computer games, some of which are aggressive, or drinking for fun. Therefore, some experts came up with an idea, that is, kindergarteners and first-graders get 10 minutes of homework. Second-graders get 20 minutes, and so on.Murphy offered tips to parents who think their children are getting too much homework. 'Talk to other parents to see if they also think so, and then talk to the teacher," she said. "Have a discussion about it, and let the teacher know that you want to work together on a solution."1.According to Anne Murphy,.A.parents should tell children what matters during dinner timeB.parents should save time and not cook for childrenC.it's important for the family to have a good talk during dinner timeD.it's important for the family to discuss sharing together2.Which of the following is the benefit of families eating together?a.Children are more likely to avoid drugs.b.Children may have better grades.c.Children may have a close relationship with their parents.d.It can save children's time and prevent them from watching TV.e.It encourages children to have more after-school activities.A. a, b, cB. c, d, eC. a, c, eD. b, c, e3.What do we know about homework from the passage?A.T he time spent on homework shouldn't be over 10 minutes.B.T oo much homework may make students lose interest in study.C.H omework does not help children continue learning after school.D.P arents should decide the amount of homework for their children.4. From the passage, we can learn that.A.c hildren's time spent on after-school activities is being reducedB.c omputer games are making children increasingly aggressiveC.i t is unnecessary for young children to do homeworkD.s ome experts think it necessary to reduce children's homework5. What does the passage mainly talk about?A.W hat matters most in parenting.B.H ow to develop a close relationship with children.C.F amily education is important for children.D.P arents say no to too much homework.Passage 4Many people prefer text messages to actually talking. Almost overnight, text messages have become the preferred form of communication for millions.But even as industry calculations show that Americans are now using mobile phones to send or receive more text messages than phone calls, those messages are under great pressure because of the danger they can pose by distracting users. Though there are no official casualty statistics, there is much evidence that the number of fatal accidents resulting from texting while driving, crossing the street or engaging in other activities is on the rise."The act of texting automatically removes 10 I.Q. points," said Paul Saffo, a technology trend forecaster in Silicon Valley. "The truth of the matter is that there are hobbies that are incompatible. You don't want to do mushroom-hunting and bird-watching at the same time, and it is the same with texting and other activities. We have all seen people walk into parking meters or walk into traffic and seem startled by oncoming cars."In the latest fight against text-messaging, the California Public Utilities Commission announced an emergency measure on Thursday temporarily banning the use of all mobile devices by anyone at the controls of a moving train.The ban was adopted after federal investigators announced that they were looking at the role that a train engineer's text-messaging might have played here last week in the country's most deadly rail accident in four decades.A California lawmaker is also seeking to ban text-messaging by drivers, a step already taken by a handful of other states. "We have had far too many tragic incidents around the country that are painful proof that this is a terrible problem." said Joe Simitian, who wrote the California law requiring drivers who are talking on a cell phone to use hands free devices.1.What can we know from the second paragraph?A.T exting may result in many accidents.B.T ext messaging has caused most of the accidents recently.C.M any people are going to text message instead of telephoning.D.T he government is now trying to stop text messaging.2.Why does Paul Saffo mention mushroom hunting and bird watching?A. To show people's variety of interests.B. To explain the danger of text messaging.C. To develop his idea about text messaging.D. To warn people of the danger while walking.3.What has been done about text messaging?A.E vidence is now being collected to fight against text messaging.B.B us drivers and train drivers are forbidden to text message.C.S ome laws about text messaging have been put into effect in America.D.S ome actions have been applied to solve the text messaging trouble.4.What is the attitude of the author to text messaging?A. He seems against it.B. He shows no idea on text messaging.C. He supports text messaging.D. He is for it.5.Which of the following can be the best title of the passage?A. No text message, no tragedyB. Text message, a new killerC. Have you text messaged?D. Are you still text messaging?Passage 5There is a boy in my gym class (I'll call him Bill) who has unbearably yellow teeth that almost make everyone feel unpleasant. Recently another boy told Bill that he should "go Ajax" his teeth. Bill was crushed. Had the other boy been thinking, he would have realized that there is a better way to handle such a situation. He could have dealt with it with tact. He could have showed this hurtful truth in a more careful, sensitive way— that's "tact".If a person isn't sensitive to another's feelings, there is no way he or she can be tactful. Yesterday, my 5-year-old brother proudly announced that he had cleaned the screen on our television set. Unfortunately, he used furniture polish, which produced an oily film on the television screen. My mother smiled and thanked him for his efforts—and then showed how to clean the screen properly. Her sensitivity enables my brother to keep his self-respect. Yet, sensitivity alone does not make tact."Tactfulness" also requires 'truthfulness". Doctors, for example must be truthful. If a patient has just been disabled in an accident, a tactful doctor will tell the truth—but express it with sensitivity. The doctor may try to give the patient hope by telling them curing techniques under study or about advanced equipment now available. Doctors must use tact with patients relatives as well. Instead of bluntly saying, "Your husband is disabled," a doctor might say, "I'm sorry, but your husband has lost feeling in his legs and..."Tact should not be confused with trickery. Trickery occurs when a nurse is about to give a patient an injection and says, "This won't hurt a bit." Instead of trickery, the nurse might guarantee the patient that the discomfort of the injection is a small thing compared to the benefits of it. It would also be thoughtful for the nurse to tell the patients about some of these benefits.Tact is a wonderful skill to have, and tactful people are usually admired and respected. Without tact our society would become an intolerable place to live in.1.When told he should "go Ajax" his teeth, Bill probably felt.A. surprisedB. cheatedC. regretfulD. painful2.According to the author, his mother's praise for the brother is.A. both sensitive and tactfulB. sensitive but not tactful enoughC. truthful but not tactfulD. sensitive but trickish3.The fourth paragraph mainly talks about.A.h ow to comfort the patientsB.h ow to use trickery carefullyC.d ifferences between trickery and promisesD.a nother feature of tact4.Which of the following shows the structure of the passage? (The numbers stand for the paragraphs)Keys: Passage 1 . 1.A2.B3.C Passage 2 . 1.A2.D3.C4.B Passage 3l.C 2.A3.B 4.D 5.A Passage 4 1.A2.B 3.D 4.A5.DPassage 5 1.D2.B3.D4.C。