听力材料Unit 6

Unit 6Section One Tactics for ListeningPart 1 Spot DictationWind and SpiritWe do notice the wind when it seems (1) cruel, when the trees turn away from it, and it (2) cuts into our hearts. "Certain winds will make men's (3) temper bad", said George Eliot. In Southern California, the Santa Ana* is (4) associated with an increase in depression and domestic (5) violence Scientists have tried (6) without success to identify physiological reasons for these (7) reactions .Everyone agrees, however, that (8) dry winds like the Santa Ana, the mistral* in France and the foehn* in Germany and Switzerland seem to have (9) negative effects on our mental and physical (10) negative effects On windy days, playground fights, (11) suicides and heart failures are more (12) frequent. In Geneva, traffic accidents (13) increase when a wind called the bise* blows. At the (14) request of patients, some Swiss and German hospitals (15) postpone surgery during the foehn.It is human to ask what is (16) behind the wind. lt is easy to personify the wind as the (17) breath of God. The act of taking wind into our lungs is what (18) gives us life. The Jews, Arabs, Romans and Greeks all took their word for (19) spirit from the word for wind.But our day-to-day lives are no longer (20 spirit the winds. We do not identify wind with spirit anymore.ExerciseDirections: Listen to the passage and fill in the blanks with what you hear.Part 2 Listening for GistA cat got on to a Scandinavian Airlines plane in Nairobi yesterday and cost the company about £10,000. One of the 66 passengers heard a strange "miaow" when the plane landed in Copenhagen. Mechanics arrived immediately and the airline company phoned for an animal ambulance.The mechanics found the cat after eight hours' work. It had got into theair-conditioning system in Nairobi. The plane was twelve hours late leaving for Tokyo, costing the company £10,000. The cat was quite well after itsexperience and was given a large bowl of milk and a plate of fish.esicrexEDirections: Listen to the passage and find its topic sentence.The topic sentence is "A cat got on to a Scandinavian Airlines plane inNairobi yesterday and cost the company about £10.000."owt noitceS Listening ComprehensionPart 1 DialogueWhat a Coincidence!Storyteller: Talking of coincidences, did I tell you about what happened to me and Jeannie last holiday?Friend(s)No.Storyteller: We went on holiday in the States and we went to Mexico. Well, we were driving down to Mexico City. We were going to spend a few days in Palm Beach ... see the sea, look up an old friend, you know. As we left there we stopped at a garage for a car check ... oil, the water, the tires, all that ... petrol. And the mechanics spotted something. They said that our fuel pump was not working properly and it was quite serious ... it would cost a lot of money ... well, we were very worried.Friend(s): Were you insured?Storyteller: Well, no, we weren't and I didn't have that much money on me, you know. It was meant to be a cheap holiday. Well, just then, two men drove up and they said what's the problem? And, do you know? They were mechanics - it was such good luck. They looked at our car and they said, "There's nothing wrong with your car. Don't spend money on it. Just forget about it." Well, naturally, we were worried, but ... er, I thought ... I'll trust them, I think they're right. So, wedrove on, we crossed the Mexican border and had a marvelous few days sightseeing there round Monterey.Friend(s):Oh, oh, brilliant ... jealous ...Storyteller: And then we went on and on to Mexico City. We drove about forty kilometers and then we saw a car with the same US number plates as the other car we'd seen in Palm Beach.You're joking!It was parked by the road, and the same two men who gave us the advice about our car were stuck with their car.Friend(s):Oh, no!Storyteller: So, we stopped and asked them what was wrong. And do you know? - Their car had broken down for exactly the same reason: The fuel pump wasn't working! It was quite extraordinary .esicrexEDirections: Listen to the dialogue and decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F)l. T 2. T3.F 4.F5.F5.F6.F7.T.8.FPart 2 PassageCorporate Culture1.How well the employee "fits" the culture can make the difference betweenjob-search success and failure.2.It guides how employees think, act, and feel.1.The truth is that you will never really know the corporate culture until you have worked at the company for a number of months.4.The amount of time outside the office you're expected to spend with co-workers is part of the .erutluc etaroproc5.It should be a place where you can have a voice, be respected, and have opportunities for growthWhy should jobseekers care about a potential employer's corporate culture? Aren't there more important factors to consider, such as the job itself, salary and bonuses, and fringe benefits? These factors are indeed important, but increasingly career experts are talking about the importance of employee-employer fit in terms of culture, with the idea that how well the employee "fits" the culture can make the difference between job-search success and failure.What is corporate culture? At its most basic, it's described as the personality of an organization, or simply as "how things are done around here". It guides how employees think, act, and feel. Corporate culture is a broad term used to define the unique personality or character of a particular company or organization, and includes such elements as core values and beliefs, corporate ethics, and rules of behavior. Corporate culture can be expressed in the company's mission statement and other communications, in the architectural style or interior ,decoration of offices, by what people wear to work, by how people address each other, and in the titles given to various employees.How does a company's culture affect you? In many, many ways. Forinstance:∙The hours you work per day, per week, including options such as flextime and telecommuting.∙The work environment, including how employees interact, the degree of competition, and whether it's a fun or hostile environment - or something in-between.∙The dress code, including the accepted styles of attire* and things such as casual days.∙The office space you get, including things such as cubicles*, window offices, and rules regarding display of personal items.∙The training and skills development you receive, which you need both onthe job and tokeep yourself marketable for future jobs and employers.∙Onsite perks, such as break rooms, gyms and play rooms, daycare facilities, and more.∙The amount of time outside the office you're expected to spend withco-workers. • Interaction with other employees, including managersand top management.How do you uncover the corporate culture of a potential employer? The truth is that you will never really know the corporate culture until you have worked at the company for a number of months, but you can get close to it through research and observation. Understanding culture is a two-step process, starting with research before the interview and ending with observation at the interview.If you get a chance to meet with other employees, you can ask somequestions to try and geta handle on an organization's corporate culture. Such as:∙What's it really like to work here?∙What skills and characteristics does the company value?∙How do people get promoted around here?∙The bottom line is that you are going to spend a lot of time in the work environment ---and to be happy ,successful and productive, you’ll want to be in a place where you fit the culture ,a place where you can have avoice ,be respect and have opportunity for growth .Exercise A Pre-listening QuestionMany articles and books have been written in recent years about culture in organizations, usually referred to as "Corporate Culture". The dictionary defines culture as "the act of developing intellectual and moral faculties, especially through education". Some people define it as "the moral, social, and behavioral norms of an organization based on the beliefs, attitudes, and priorities of its members".Every organization has its own unique culture or value set. Most organizations don't consciously try to create a certain culture. The culture of the organization is typically created unconsciously, based on the values of the top management or the founders of an organization.Exercise B Sentence DictationDirections: Listen to some sentences and write them down. You will hear each sentence three timesExercise C Detailed ListeningDirections: Listen to the passage and complete the following paragraphs At its most basic, corporate culture is described as the personality of an organization. It guides how employees think. act, and feel. Corporate culture is abroad term used to define the unique personality or character of a particular company or organization, and includes such elements as core values and beliefs, corporate ethics, and rules of behavior. Corporate culture can also be expressed in the company's mission statement and other communications, in the architectural style or interior decoration of offices, by what people wear to work, by how people address each other, and in the titles given to various employees.A company's culture affects you in many ways, such as the working hours. the work environment, the dress code. the office space you get. the training and skills development you receive. onsite perks. the amount of time outside the office you're expected to spend with co-workers and interaction with other employees. including managers and top management.Exercise C Detailed ListeningDirections: Listen to the passage and complete the following paragraphs At its most basic, corporate culture is described as the personality of an organization. It guides how employees think. act, and feel. Corporate culture is a broad term used to define the unique personality or character of a particular company or organization, and includes such elements as core values and beliefs, corporate ethics, and rules of behavior. Corporate culture can also be expressed in the company's mission statement and other communications, in the architectural style or interior decoration of offices, by what people wear to work, by how people address each other, and in the titles given to various employees.A company's culture affects you in many ways, such as the working hours.the work environment, the dress code. the office space you get. the training andskills development you receive. onsite perks. the amount of time outside theoffice you're expected to spend with co-workers and interaction with other employees. including managers and top management.Exercise D After-listening DiscussionDirections: Listen to the passage again and discuss the following questions.The truth is that you will never really know the corporate culture until you have worked at the company for a number of months, but you can get close to itthrough research and observation. / Understanding culture is a two-step process, starting with research beforethe interview and ending with observation at the interview.If you get a chance to meet with other employees, you can ask some questions to try and get a handle on an organization's corporate culture. Such as:What's it really like to work here? What skills and characteristics does the company value? How do people get promoted around here?2.(Open)Section Three NewsNews Item 1UN ResolutionThe United Nations Security Council has begun formal consideration of adraft resolution aIling for an observer force to protect Palestinian civilians inGaza and the West Bank.The .draft resolution - presented to the Security Council by members of the Non-Aligned t1ovement* - calls for an unarmed United Nations monitoring force of two thousand military bservers to be sent for six months to the territories Israel has occupied since 1967.Supporters of the resolution say the UN force would protect Palestinians, help reduce tensions etween Israelis and Palestinians, ~d serve as a liaison* between the Israeli army and the Palestinian uthority.The Palestinians support the idea of an observer force and have played a role in writing the raft resolution.But Israeli Justice Minister Yossi Beilin says he does not think the Palestinians need a protection Jrce.The Israeli Justice Minister says he believes the Middle East peace process can succeed if both des are courageous enough to conclude the work that has been done over the last seven years.Exercise ADtirections: Listen to the news item and complete the summary .This news item is about a draft resolution calling for an observer force to protect Palestinian ;vilians in Gaza and the West Bank.Exercise BDirections: Listen to the news again and answer the following questions.1.T he members of the Non-Aligned movement presented the draft resolution tothe UN SecurityCouncil.2.This unarmed UN monitoring force will be sent for six months.3.The UN force is expected to consist of two thousand military observers.4.Israel occupied Gaza and the West Bank in 1967.5.They think the UN force would protect Palestinians, help reduce tensionsbetween Israelis and Palestinians and serve as a liaison between the Israeli army and the Palestinian authority.6.He does not think the Palestinians need a protection force. What both sidesreally need is to conclude the work that has been done over the last sevenyears.News Item 2Israel-PalestinePalestinian witnesses and security sources said some 30 tanks and armored personnel carriers drove into the Tulkarem refugee camp around 3 a.m. The army did not say whether the gunman responsible for the attack on the kibbutz* was among those detained.The Al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigades* of Palestinian leader Yasser Arafat's Fatah* movement claimed responsibility for the killings. Mr Arafat says he has formed a committee to investigate the attack on the kibbutz.In Tuesday's action, the Israeli military also demolished the home of aPalestinian militant (Mohammed Naifan) they say is responsible for sending the gunman into Kibbutz Metzer.Israeli officials say the gunman came from Tulkarem but that he was following orders of AIAqsa leaders in Nablus. By midday Tuesday Palestinian witnesses were reporting that Israeli troops were gathering outside the West Bank town.Israeli authorities say Palestinian militants from Fatah and Hamas* in Nablus are behind a series of attacks against Israelis over the past few months.The latest violence comes as US envoy* David Satterfield begins a visit to the region to work on a peace plan. He arrived in Israel Monday for separate talks with Israeli and Palestinian officials.Exercise ADirections: Listen to the news item and complete the summary.This news item is about Israel's response to Palestinian gunman's attack on the kibbutz.Exercise BDirections: Listen to the news again and complete the following passage.Palestinian witnesses and security sources said some 30 tanks and armored personnel carriers drove into the Tulkarem refugee camp around 3 a.m. The army did not say whether the gunman responsible for the attack on the kibbutz was among those detained.In Tuesday's action, the Israeli military also demolished the home of a Palestinian militant (Mohammed Naifan) they say is responsible for sending the gunman into Kibbutz Metzer.The latest violence comes as US envoy David Satterfield begins a visit to the region to work on a peace plan. He arrived in Israel Monday for separate talks with Israeli and Palestinian officials.Arab SummitY:EK DNA TPI~CS:EPATArab leaders are to open a two-day summit in Jordan Tuesday aimed at bolstering* political and economic support for the Palestinian uprising.The resolutions drafted for Tuesday's summit intensify Arab condemnation of Israel and threaten further retaliation* against it.One measure calls for a UN observer force to be sent to the Palestinian territories. Another proposes to study reactivating the Arab boycott* of Israel goods. Palestinians appear poised* to receive one-quarter billion dollars of Arab aid to alleviate* hardships due to the Israeli blockade.Arab leaders also want to end the dispute between Iraq and Kuwait, which has undermined Arab unity since the Gulf War. But foreign ministers have not been able to resolve the differences between the two governments.Kuwait agrees to back a call to end the sanctions against Iraq but wants guarantees that Iraq will never invade it again. Iraq wants a call to end thesanctions without conditions. Some delegates have expressed optimism that an accord* will be reached. Others say the process of reconciliation* has already begun.A esicrexEDirections: Listen to the news item and complete the summary.This news item is about the Arab Summit in Jordan aimed at bolstering Dolitical and economic support for the Palestinian uprising.B esicrexEDirections: Listen'to the news again and decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F).1.F2.T3.T4.F5.F6.TSection Four Supplementary ExercisePart1 Feature ReportClinton’s FutureSix months after he left the White House under a cloud because ofsome questionable presidential pardons, Bill Clinton returned to the public spotlight this week.And, as he officially opened his new office space in Harlem, the former president provided some hints of the causes he will focus on in hispost-White House years:"What I am going to do here is to try to help promote economic opportunity in our backyard, around our country and around the world, to try to help people to work against AIDS and other diseases and ignorance and for education in our backyard and around the world."Although a divisive political figure at home, Mr Clinton remains enormously popular around the world.Some analysts believe it is likely that his eight years of experience in dealing with world leaders will be put to use at some point in hotspots like the Middle East or Northern Ireland.Stephen Hess is an expert on the presidency at the Brookings Institution here in Washington.He expects the former president will keep himself busy on important issues both at home and abroad:"I would not be surprised if domestically it has a lot to do with relations between the races. He has always been very concerned about that. He has cared about that. I would think he would probably pursue it. But he may also wish to try his hand, if possible, in some international negotiations, some of the more successful parts of his administration, particularly with Ulster."Bill Clinton remains popular within the Democratic Party as well. Political analysts say his fundraising prowess and celebrity* will be astrong draw for Democratic congressional candidates.Former aides expect that Mr Clinton will work hard to repair his presidential legacy in the years to come. Although he survived the effort tor~move him from office, the sex and lies scandal that eventually led to his impeachment* in 1998 threatens to overshadow his achievements as president.Analyst Stephen Hess says there are plenty of examples of formerpresidents using their post-White House years to rehabilitate* their publicimage:"It certainly was true of Jimmy Carter who did not have a very successfulpresidency but hashad a very successful post-presidency, if you will. And of course it was also thecase with Richard / Nixon who did leave the presidency in disgrace. but then spent his yearsafter the presidency writing some very interesting books and that helped torestore his aura*. So I think a lot of that sort of thinking is probablyguiding Bill Clinton at this time as well."Bill Clinton also has another asset when it comes to remaining in the public eye. His wife, Hillary Rodham Clinton, is becoming a force in her own right inthe US Senate and may one day decide to seek the presidency herself.Exercise ADirections: Listen to the radio program and complete the summary.This radio program is about the former president Clinton s post-presidency. Exercise BDirections: Listen to the program again and complete the following sentences. 1)Six months after he left the White House Bill Clinton officially opened his newoffice in the Harlem section of New York City.2)Although a divisive political figure at home, Mr Clinton remains enormouslypopular around the world, so some analysts believe his experience in dealing with world leaders will be useful at some point in hotspots like the Middle East or Northern Ireland.3)There are plenty of examples of former presidents using their post-WhiteHouse years to rehabilitate their public image. One example is Jimmy Carter who did not have a very successful presidency but has had a very successful post-presidency. Another case in point is Richard Nixon who did leave the presidency in disgrace but then spent his years after the presidency writing some very interesting books and that helped to restore his aura.Globalization1)The World Trade Organization is among the most powerful, and one of themost secretive international bodies on earth.2)Globalization is not a phenomenon. It is not just some passing trend.3)Used properly, fire can cook food, sterilize equipment, form iron, and heatour homes. Used carelessly, it can destroy lives, towns and forests in aninstant.4)Globalization has dangers and an ugly dark side. But it can also bringtremendous opportunities and benefits.They will see globalization not as something to worship or demonize. Instead, they will see it as something to mold, shape and manage for the betterment of everyoneGlobalization is the present worldwide drive toward a globalized economic system dominated by supranational* corporate trade and banking institutions that are not accountable to democratic processes or national governments.The World Trade Organization (WTO) is among the most powerful, and one of the most secretive international bodies on earth. It is rapidly assuming the role of global government, as 134 nation-states, including the US, have ceded* to its vast authority and powers. The WTO represents the rules-based regime of the policy of economic globalization. The central operating principle of the WTO is that commercial interests should supersede* all others. Any obstacles in the path of operations and expansion of global business enterprise must be subordinated. In practice these "obstacles" are usually policies or democratic processes that act on behalf of working people, labor rights, environmental protection, human rights, consumer rights, social justice, local culture, and national sovereignty.Globalization is not a phenomenon. It is not just some passing trend. Today it is an overarching international system shaping the domestic politics andforeign relations of virtually every country, and we need to understand it as such.As thoughtful people concerned about world affairs, our job is to pick up "globalization", examine it from all sides, dissect* it, figure out what makes it tick, and then nurture and promote the good parts and mitigate* or slow down the bad parts. Globalization is much like fire.Fire itself is neither good nor bad. Used properly, it can cook food, sterilize equipment, form iron, and heat our homes. Used carelessly, fire can destroy lives, towns and forests in an instant. As Friedman* says:"Globalization can be incredibly empowering and incredibly coercive*. It can democratize opportunity and democratize panic. It makes the whales bigger and the minnows* stronger. It leaves you behind faster and faster, and it catches up to you faster and faster. While it is homogenizing* cultures, it is also enabling people to share their unique individuality farther and wider."Globalization has dangers and an ugly dark side. But it can also bring tremendous opportunities and benefits. Just as capitalism requires a network of governing systems to keep it from devouring societies, globalization requires vigilance and the rule of law.Antitrust laws, the Securities and Exchange Commission, labor unions, charities, the Federal Trade Commission, and countless other agencies and organizations keep American capitalism in check. Similar transparent mechanisms are needed to make sure globalization is a positive force in theworld.Globalization will always have cheerleaders who are blind to the destruction globalization can cause. And it will always have strident* opponents blind to the way globalization gives some people their first opportunity to fulfill basic aspirations.As with most issues, the majority of people will be in the middle. They will see globalization not as something to worship or demonize. Instead, they will see it as something to mold, shape and manage for the betterment of everyone. Exercise A Pre-listening QuestionThe WTO (World Trade Organization) is an association of 149 member countries, of the 192 countries in the world today. There are another 30 countries that have observer status, a step thatdown the bad parts.(Our job is to pick up "globalization", examine it from all sides, dissectit, figure out what makes it tick, and then nurture and promote the goodparts and mitigate or slow down the bad parts. Globalization is muchlike fire.)T 7. Globalization requires a network of governing systems and a set of rules to avoid the destruction globalization can cause.(Just as capitalism requires a network of governing systems to keep itfrom devouring societies, globalization requires vigilance and the rule oflaw.)-F8. There will be supporters and opponents of globalization, but the majority of people will support most issues concerning globalization.(Globalization will always have cheerleaders who are blind to thedestruction globalization can cause. And it will always have stridentopponents blind to the way globalization gives some people their firstopportunity to fulfill basic aspirations. As with most issues, the majorityof people will be in the middle.)Exercise D After-listening DiscussionDirections: Listen to the passage again and discuss the following questions.1.M ilton Friedman says, "Globalization can be incredibly empowering andincredibly coercive.It can democratize opportunity and democratize panic. It makes the whales bigger and the minnows stronger. It leaves you behind faster and faster, and it catches up to you faster and faster. While it is homogenizing cultures, it is also enabling people to share their unique individuality farther and wider."2.(Open)。