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2024年牛津译林版高考英语试题及解答参考

2024年牛津译林版英语高考复习试题及解答参考一、听力第一节（本大题有5小题，每小题1.5分，共7.5分）1、Listen to the conversation between two students discussing a school project.Question: What is the main topic of their discussion?A. The due date for the project.B. The resources needed for the project.C. The difficulty level of the project.D. The evaluation criteria for the project.Answer: B. The resources needed for the project.Explanation: In the conversation, the students discuss the different resources they need to complete the project, such as books, online articles, and research materials.2、Listen to a short interview with a famous author.Question: What is the author’s advice for young writers?A. To focus on making money rather than artistic expression.B. To read widely and learn from other authors.C. To avoid writing in their native language.D. To only write when they are inspired.Answer: B. To read widely and learn from other authors.Explanation: During the interview, the author emphasizes the importance ofreading extensively and being inspired by the works of other writers to improve one’s own writing skills.3.You hear a conversation between two students, Alice and Bob, discussing their weekend plans.Student A: “Hey, Bob, are you planning to d o anything interesting this weekend?”Student B: “Yeah, I’m thinking of going hiking. How about you, Alice?”Student A: “That sounds fun! I was actually planning to visit the local museum.”Question: What activity does Alice plan to do this weekend?A. Go hikingB. Visit the local museumC. Go hiking and visit the museumD. Stay at home and relaxAnswer: BExplanation: In the conversation, Alice responds to Bob’s question about his weekend plans by saying, “I was actually planning to visit the local museum,” indicating that her plan is to go to the museum.4.You hear a dialogue between a teacher and a student, discussing a school project.Teacher: “Hi, Sarah. How are you coming along with your science project?”Student: “Hi, Mr.Smith. I’m almost done. I’ve completed the researchand collected all the data. Now, I’m just writing the conclusion.”Question: What is the student currently working on for the science project?A. Collecting dataB. Writing the introductionC. Writing the conclusionD. Presenting the projectAnswer: CExplanation: The student, Sarah, mentions to the teacher that she has “completed the research and collected all the data” and is now “just writing the conclusion,” which means she is in the process o f writing the conclusion for her science project.5、What is the main topic of the conversation between the two speakers?A. The importance of exercise.B. The benefits of healthy eating.C. The best way to stay fit.D. The latest trends in sports.Answer: C. The best way to stay fit.Explanation: In the conversation, the two speakers discuss various ways to stay fit, such as regular exercise, healthy eating, and maintaining a balanced lifestyle. The main focus is on finding the best way to stay fit, making option C the correct answer. Options A, B, and D are mentioned in the conversation but are not the main topic.二、听力第二节（本大题有15小题，每小题1.5分，共22.5分）1、Question: How old was the speaker when they first visited the museum?Options:A. 12 years oldB. 15 years oldC. 10 years oldD. 8 years oldAnswer: B. 15 years oldExplanation: The speaker mentions in the dialogue that they visited the museum for the first time when they were 15 years old.2、Question: What did the speaker do before they started their new job?Options:A. Studied for a degreeB. Worked in a different fieldC. Travelled around the worldD. Had a part-time jobAnswer: A. Studied for a degreeExplanation: In the conversation, the speaker talks about how they spent the last four years studying for their degree before taking up their current job.3、Question: What does the speaker say about the importance of teamwork in the workplace?A)Teamwork is only necessary when working on a large project.B)Teamwork is not always beneficial due to conflicts.C)Teamwork is crucial for success and productivity in the workplace.D)Teamwork is less important than individual contributions.Answer: C) Teamwork is crucial for success and productivity in the workplace.Explanation: The speaker emphasizes the importance of teamwork in achieving success and productivity in the workplace. They mention that teamwork fosters better communication, encourages diverse perspectives, and leads to more effective problem-solving.4、Question: According to the speaker, what is one of the main reasons for the rise in remote work?A)The advancement of technology.B)The preference of employees for flexible work schedules.C)The need for cost savings by companies.D)The desire to reduce commuting time.Answer: A) The advancement of technology.Explanation: The speaker attributes the rise in remote work to the advancement of technology, which has made it easier for employees to work from home or any location with internet access. They mention the use of video conferencing, online collaboration tools, and cloud computing as key factors in this trend.5.You will hear a conversation between two students discussing their summer plans. Listen to the conversation and answer the following question.Question: What does the student say about their summer job?A. They will work at a local library.B. They will be a camp counselor.C. They will work part-time at a restaurant.D. They will be traveling around Europe.Answer: CExplanation: In the conversation, one of the students mentions, “I’m going to work part-time at a restaurant this summer,” which indicates the correct answer.6.You will hear a lecture about the impact of technology on education. Listen to the lecture and answer the following question.Question: According to the speaker, what is one of the major advantages of technology in education?A. It reduces the need for physical textbooks.B. It allows for more personalized learning experiences.C. It makes the learning process more expensive.D. It leads to a decrease in student engagement.Answer: BExplanation: The speaker in the lecture emphasizes, “One of the greatest benefits of technology in education is the ability to tailor learningexper iences to individual students’ needs,” which supports answer choice B.7.You will hear a conversation between two friends discussing their summerplans. Listen carefully and answer the question.Question: What does Sarah plan to do for her summer vacation?A. Travel to Italy.B. Take a summer job.C. Stay home and study.D. Go on a road trip.Answer: CExplanation: In the conversation, Sarah mentions that she has a lot of work to do over the summer, so she plans to stay home and study instead of going on a trip or taking a job. Therefore, the correct answer is C.8.You will hear a lecture about the effects of climate change on global agriculture. Listen carefully and answer the question.Question: According to the lecture, which of the following is a consequence of climate change on agricultural yields?A. Increased yields due to more heat.B. Decreased yields due to extreme weather events.C. Improved yields due to better soil quality.D. No significant change in yields.Answer: BExplanation: The lecturer discusses how climate change has led to more frequent and severe extreme weather events, which can have a negative impact on agricultural yields. The correct answer is B, as the lecture specificallymentions the decrease in yields due to these events.9.You will hear a conversation between two students discussing their weekend plans. Listen to the conversation and answer the following question.Question: What is the woman planning to do this weekend?A. Go to a movie.B. Visit her parents.C. Travel to another city.D. Study for the upcoming exam.Answer: BExplanation: In the conversation, the woman mentions that she will visit her parents this weekend. Therefore, the correct answer is B.10.You will hear a short lecture about the importance of exercise. Listen to the lecture and answer the following question.Question: What is the main idea of the lecture?A. Exercise is not important for health.B. Regular exercise can improve mental health.C. People should avoid exercise to stay healthy.D. Only professional athletes should exercise.Answer: BExplanation: The lecture emphasizes the benefits of regular exercise, particularly in improving mental health. Thus, the correct answer is B.11.You will hear a conversation between two students discussing their studyplan for the upcoming exam. Listen carefully and choose the best answer to the following question:What subject does the girl prefer to study first according to the conversation?A)MathematicsB)EnglishC)PhysicsD)ChemistryAnswer: BExplanation: In the conversation, the girl says, “I think I should start with English because it’s my weakest subject.” This indicates that she prefers to study English first.12.You will hear a short interview with a teacher who gives advice on exam preparation. Listen carefully and answer the following question: What does the teacher suggest students do to manage their time effectively during the exam?A)Skip difficult questions firstB)Read all questions carefully before startingC)Answer questions in the order they appear on the paperD)Spend more time on questions they are confident aboutAnswer: BExplanation: The teacher says, “The most important thing is to read all the questions carefully before starting. This will help you understand what isbeing asked and avoid making mistakes.” This indicates that the teacher suggests students read all questions carefully before starting.13.You will hear a conversation between two students, Tom and Lucy, discussing their study plan for the upcoming exam. Listen to the conversation and answer the following question.Question: What subject are they discussing for their study plan?A) MathB) EnglishC) ScienceD) HistoryAnswer: B) EnglishExplanation: The conversation clearly mentions that they are making a study plan for the English exam, so the correct answer is English.14.You will hear a short interview with a famous author, Jane Smith, who is discussing her new book. Listen to the interview and answer the following question.Question: What is the main theme of Jane Smith’s new book?A) Love and relationshipsB) Adventure and explorationC) Science and technologyD) War and conflictAnswer: C) Science and technologyExplanation: During the interview, the author explicitly states that her new book focuses on the future of science and technology, making Science and technology the correct answer.15、What time does the last train leave for London according to the announcement?A. 9:45 PMB. 10:15 PMC. 10:45 PMD. 11:15 PMAnswer: DExplanation: In the recording, the station announcer mentions that due to maintenance work on the tracks, the last train bound for London will depart at 11:15 PM instead of its usual scheduled time.三、阅读第一节（第1题7.5分，其余每题10分，总37.5分）第一题Passage:In the small town of Windermere, nestled between the Lake District hills, there stands a quaint old bookshop known as “The Reading Nook.” This charming establishment has been a staple in the community for over a century, attracting both locals and tourists alike with its vast collection of books and cozy atmosphere. The owner, Mr. Thompson, is an avid reader himself and has a wealthof knowledge about literature and history.One rainy afternoon, a young woman named Emily walks into The Reading Nook. She is looking for a book that will transport her to another world. Mr. Thompson greets her warmly and suggests a few titles that he believes she will enjoy. After some deliberation, Emily chooses a classic novel that has been on his recommendation list for years.As Emily sits down to read, she is captivated by the story. The novel takes her on a journey through the English countryside in the 19th century, where she meets a cast of intriguing characters. The book’s vivid descriptions and rich narrative make her forget about the world outside the shop for hours on end.The next day, Emily returns to The Reading Nook, eager to discuss the novel with Mr. Thompson. They spend the afternoon talking about the story, the author, and the historical context in which it was set. Emily is amazed at how much she has learned from the conversation and decides to explore more books in the store.Over time, Emily becomes a regular at The Reading Nook. She often finds herself lost in a book, transported to different worlds and times. Mr. Thompson, noticing her passion, begins to recommend more challenging andthought-provoking titles. Emily embraces these challenges and finds herself growing as a reader and a person.One evening, as Emily is leaving the store, Mr. Thompson calls her over. He hands her a small, leather-bound book that he says is a gift for her. The book is filled with notes and underlined passages from many of the books shehas read over the years. Emily is overjoyed and grateful for the gift, knowing that it is a testament to her growth as a reader.Questions:1、What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To describe the charming town of Windermere.B. To introduce the concept of “The Reading Nook” and its owner.C. To highlight the importance of reading and its impact on Emily’s life.D. To provide a detailed historical account of the Lake District.Answer: C2、Who is the owner of “The Reading Nook”?A. EmilyB. Mr. ThompsonC. The authorD. A touristAnswer: B3、What does Emily find captivating about the novel recommended byMr. Thompson?A. The author’s writing style.B. The historical context.C. The vivid descriptions.D. The intriguing characters.Answer: C4、How does Mr. Thompson’s gift to Emily reflect her growth as a reader?A. It shows that he knows her well.B. It is a testament to her passion for reading.C. It proves that she has read many books.D. It indicates that she has become a regular customer.Answer: B第二题Passage:In the small coastal town of Porthcurno, located on the rugged Cornish coast of England, lies an extraordinary site known as the Porthcurno Telegraph Museum. This museum is dedicated to the history of telegraphy and the undersea cables that have connected the world for over a century. The museum was established in 2001, following the decommissioning of the Porthcurno cable station, which was one of the world’s first submarine telegraph cable stations.The cable station was built in the 19th century to facilitate communication between Europe and the United States. At its peak, the station employed over 200 workers and was a bustling hub of activity. Today, the museum offers visitors a glimpse into the past, with exhibits that include reconstructed cable rooms, a model of the cable laying ship, and artifacts from the telegraph era.One of the most significant exhibits at the museum is the cable that was laid in 1866 by the Great Eastern, a steamship that laid the first transatlantic telegraph cable. The cable, which was made of copper and insulated withgutta-percha, was a marvel of engineering at the time. It took 12 years to lay the 3,700 miles of cable, and the achievement was celebrated as a triumph of human ingenuity.The museum also explores the role of the Porthcurno cable station in World War II. During the war, the station was crucial for sending and receiving encrypted messages, which played a vital role in the Allied victory. The station’s employees worked tirelessly, often in dire conditions, to ensure that communication lines remained open.Questions:1、What is the main purpose of the Porthcurno Telegraph Museum?A. To promote tourism in the Cornish coast.B. To showcase the history of telegraphy and submarine cables.C. To provide educational programs on maritime history.D. To preserve the site of the Porthcurno cable station.2、When was the Porthcurno cable station decommissioned, and when was the museum established?A. 19th century, 2001B. 20th century, 2001C. 2001, 19th centuryD. 2001, 20th century3、Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an exhibit at the Porthcurno Telegraph Museum?A. A reconstructed cable roomB. A model of the cable laying shipC. A collection of 19th-century telegraphsD. Artifacts from the telegraph era4、What was the significance of the cable laid in 1866 by the Great Eastern?A. It was the longest cable ever laid.B. It was the first transatlantic telegraph cable.C. It was made of silk and gutta-percha.D. It was used exclusively for military communication during World War II.Answers:1、B2、D3、C4、BThird QuestionDirections: Read the following passage carefully and choose the best answer for questions that follow. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.PassageIn today’s rapidly evolving world, technology has become an integral part of our daily lives. From smartphones to artificial intelligence, technological advancements have transformed the way we communicate, learn, and conduct business. However, with these advancements come both benefits and challenges.While technology can bring people closer together and facilitate access to information, it also poses questions about privacy, security, and the very nature of human interaction. This essay explores the impact of technology on society, focusing on its effects on education, employment, and social relationships.…Third QuestionThe use of technology in modern society is discussed in this passage. Carefully read the passage and answer the questions below.1、What is the main focus of the passage?A. The development of smartphones and AIB. The transformation of communication methodsC. The benefits and challenges of technology in societyD. The importance of privacy and security in the digital ageAnswer: C2、According to the passage, how does technology affect education?A. By limiting access to educational resourcesB. By facilitating more accessible learning opportunitiesC. By making traditional teaching methods obsoleteD. By increasing the cost of educationAnswer: B3、Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an area impacted by technologyaccording to the passage?A. EducationB. EmploymentC. Social relationshipsD. HealthcareAnswer: D4、How does the author introduce the discussion on technology?A. By providing detailed statistics on technology usageB. By offering a broad overview followed by specific areas affectedC. By criticizing the overuse of technology in daily lifeD. By focusing solely on the negative impacts of technologyAnswer: B第四题Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow.The ancient city of Petra, located in southern Jordan, is one of the world’s most famous archaeological sites. Discovered by the Bedouin people in the 19th century, Petra has been a UNESCO World Heritage site since 1985. The city is renowned for its rock-cut architecture, which includes temples, tombs, and forts, carved directly into the pink sandstone cliffs.Petra’s most iconic structure is Al-Khazneh, also known as the Treasury. This magnificent facade, with its intricate carvings and towering columns, is believed to have been built for a Nabataean king. The city also features theSiq, a narrow passage leading to Petra’s heart, where visitors can marvel at the stunning rock formations.The Nabataeans, who settled in Petra around the 4th century BC, were skilled engineers and architects. They developed an intricate water system that provided the city with a reliable water supply. This water management system, along with their advanced agricultural techniques, allowed Petra to thrive in an otherwise arid landscape.Today, Petra attracts millions of tourists each year, drawn by its breathtaking beauty and rich history. The site has been featured in numerous films and is a popular destination for hikers and adventure seekers.1、What is the main reason Petra is considered one of the world’s most famous archaeological sites?A. Its location in southern JordanB. The rock-cut architectureC. The Nabataean water systemD. Its historical significanceAnswer: B2、Which structure is known as Al-Khazneh and is believed to have been built for a Nabataean king?A. The SiqB. The TreasuryC. The rock-cut tombsD. The fortsAnswer: B3、What skill did the Nabataeans possess that contributed to the success of their city?A. TradeB. Military prowessC. Engineering and architectureD. AgricultureAnswer: C4、Which of the following best describes the purpose of the water system in Petra?A. To support the city’s military defensesB. To provide water for agricultural useC. To attract touristsD. To enhance the city’s beautyAnswer: B四、阅读第二节（12.5分）Reading Section IIPassage:In the small coastal town of Horseshoe Bay, the local community has always been close-knit and supportive. The town is known for its beautiful beaches,friendly residents, and a rich history. Every year, the town hosts the Horseshoe Bay Festival, which brings together locals and visitors alike to celebrate the community’s spirit.The festival, which began in 1950, has grown over the years and now includes various events such as a parade, live music, food vendors, and craft workshops. One of the highlights of the festival is the traditional boat race, where local boat clubs compete for the coveted Horseshoe Cup. The event is not only a display of athletici sm and teamwork but also a testament to the town’s deep connection with the sea.This year’s festival is particularly special as it marks the 70th anniversary of the festival. The organizing committee has planned a series of additional activities to commemorate the occasion. They have invited a group of local historians to give talks on the town’s history, and have also organized a charity auction to raise funds for a new community center.Questions:1.What is the main purpose of the Horseshoe Bay Festival?A. To promote tourism in the town.B. To celebrate the community’s spirit and history.C. To raise funds for local charities.D. To showcase the town’s cultural heritage.2.Which event is considered a highlight of the festival?A. The charity auction.B. The talks by local historians.C. The traditional boat race.D. The live music performances.3.How many years has the Horseshoe Bay Festival been running?A. 50 yearsB. 70 yearsC. 60 yearsD. 65 years4.What is the purpose of the charity auction mentioned in the passage?A. To celebrate the festival’s anniversary.B. To raise funds for a new community center.C. To invite local historians to speak.D. To showcase the town’s cultural heritage.5.What does the passage suggest about the relationship between the people of Horseshoe Bay and the sea?A. They are indifferent to it.B. They are competitors with it.C. They have a deep connection with it.D. They are trying to preserve it.Answers:1.B. To celebrate the community’s spirit and history.2.C. The traditional boat race.3.B. 70 years4.B. To raise funds for a new community center.5.C. They have a deep connection with it.五、语言运用第一节 _ 完形填空（15分）Section V: Language Use - Part A: Cloze TestRead the following passage and choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C, and D for each blank. Then mark the corresponding letter on your answer sheet with a single line through the center.The Power of KindnessOne day, while I was walking in the park, I noticed a group of kids playing around a bench. As I got closer, I saw that they were making fun of another boy who sat there alone. He seemed to be very 1 , as he just looked down, not even trying to 2 back. It broke my heart to see this, so I decided to do something.I walked up to them and asked if they would like to play a game. They agreed, and I 3 that we play a game where everyone had to say something nice about the person next to them. At first, the kids were 4 , but then they started to 5 into it. When it was the turn of the boy who had been 6 , he said something truly 7 about the kid who had been the meanest to him. Everyone was 8 .After the game, the atmosphere changed completely. The children who had been 9 the boy now played with him, and it was 10 how one simple act of kindness could make such a 11 difference. From that day on, I 12 to always look for opportunitiesto spread 13 wherever I went. Sometimes, all it takes is a 14 word or gesture to 15 someone’s day.Questions:1.A) happyB) lonelyC) angryD) excited2.A) fightB) smileC) shoutD) talk3.A) suggestedB) orderedC) commandedD) begged4.A) enthusiasticB) hesitantC) eagerD) confident5.A) fallB) getC) runD) jump6.A) praisedB) teasedC) ignoredD) supported7.A) meanB) rudeC) kindD) funny8.A) shockedB) annoyedC) amusedD) bored9.A) helpingB) teasingC) encouragingD) praising10.A) surprisingB) disappointingC) confusingD) upsetting11.A) smallB) negativeC) bigD) invisible12.A) refusedB) promisedC) forgotD) hesitated13.A) joyB) angerC) sadnessD) fear14.A) harshB) coldC) warmD) sharp15.A) ruinB) brightenC) darkenD) shortenAnswers:1.B) lonely2.A) fight3.A) suggested4.B) hesitant5.B) get6.B) teased7.C) kind8.A) shocked9.B) teasing10.A) surprising11.C) big12.B) promised13.A) joy14.C) warm15.B) brightenThis passage is designed to test the students’ comprehension and their ability to use context clues to determine the most appropriate words to complete the text.六、语言运用第二节 _ 语法填空（15分）Grammar FillingRead the following passage and fill in each blank with the appropriate grammar item. Choose the best option (A, B, C, or D) for each blank from the options given after the passage.Passage:In the small town of Greenfield, there is a long-standing tradition of holding a yearly festival in honor of the town’s founder, Sir Alfred Green. The festival, which takes place every autumn, attracts visitors from all over the country. The highlight of the festival is the parade, where local businesses and community groups showcase their creativity and spirit.The festival begins with a grand opening ceremony, followed by various activities throughout the day. One of the most anticipated events is the traditional bake sale, where residents contribute homemade baked goods to be sold to the public. The proceeds from the sale go towards funding local charities and community projects.Sir Alfred Green was a visionary leader who dedicated his life to improving the quality of life for the people of Greenfield. He was known for his kindness, his innovative ideas, and his unwavering commitment to the town’s progress. To this day, his legacy lives on through the annual festival and the countless lives he touched.Grammar Filling Questions:1.The festival,___________every autumn, attracts visitors from all over the country.A. being heldB. holdsC. heldD. to be heldOptions:。

沥青混凝土中英文对照外文翻译文献

中英文对照外文翻译文献中英文对照外文翻译文献(文档含英文原文和中文翻译)中英文对照翻译Asphalt Mixtures-Applications, Theory andPrinciples1 . ApplicationsAsphalt materials find wide usage in the construction industry. The use of asphalt as a cementing agent in pavements is the most common of its applications, however,and the one that will be considered here.Asphalt products are used to produce flexible pavements for highways andairports. The term “flexible” is used to distinguish these pavements from those made with Portland cement, which are classified as rigid pavements, that is, having beam strength. This distinction is important because it provides they key to the design approach which must be used for successful flexible pavement structures.The flexible pavement classification may be further broken down into high andlow types, the type usually depending on whether a solid or liquid asphalt product is used. The low types of pavement are made with the cutback, or emulsion, liquid products and are very widely used throughout this country. Descriptive terminology附录has been developed in various sections of the country to the extent that one pavement type may have several names. However, the general process followed in constructionis similar for most low-type pavements and can be described as one in which the aggregate and the asphalt product are usually applied to the roadbed separately and there mixed or allowed to mix, forming the pavement.The high type of asphalt pavements is made with asphalt cements of some selected penetration grade.中英文对照外文翻译文献中英文对照外文翻译文献Fig. ·1 A modern asphalt concrete highway. Shoulder striping is used as a safely feature.Fig. ·2 Asphalt concrete at the San Francisco International Airport.They are used when high wheel loads and high volumes of traffic occur and are, therefore, often designed for a particular installation.2 . Theory of asphalt concrete mix designHigh types of flexible pavement are constructed by combining an asphalt cement, often in the penetration grade of 85 to 100, with aggregates that are usually divided into three groups, based on size. The three groups are coarse aggregates, fineaggregates, and mineral filler. These will be discussed in detail in later chapter.Each of the constituent parts mentioned has a particular function in the asphaltmixture, and mix proportioning or design is the process of ensuring that no function is neglected. Before these individual functions are examined, however, the criteria for pavement success and failure should be considered so that design objectives can be established.A successful flexible pavement must have several particular properties. First, itmust be stable, that is to resistant to permanent displacement under load. Deformation of an asphalt pavement can occur in three ways, two unsatisfactory and one desirable.附录Plastic deformation of a pavement failure and which is to be avoided if possible. Compressive deformation of the pavement results in a dimensional change in the pavement, and with this change come a loss of resiliency and usually a degree of roughness. This deformation is less serious than the one just described, but it, too, leads to pavement failure. The desirable type of deformation is an elastic one, which actually is beneficial to flexible pavements and is necessary to their long life.The pavement should be durable and should offer protection to the subgrade. Asphalt cement is not impervious to the effects of weathering, and so the design must minimize weather susceptibility. A durable pavement that does not crack or ravel will probably also protect the roadbed. It must be remembered that flexible pavements transmit loads to the subgrade without significant bridging action, and so a dry firm base is absolutely essential.Rapidly moving vehicles depend on the tire-pavement friction factor for control and safety. The texture of the pavement surfaces must be such that an adequate skid resistance is developed or unsafe conditions result. The design procedure should be used to select the asphalt material and aggregates combination which provides a skid resistant roadway.Design procedures which yield paving mixtures embodying all these properties are not available. Sound pavements are constructed where materials and methods are selected by using time-tested tests and specifications and engineering judgments along with a so-called design method.The final requirement for any pavement is one of economy. Economy, again, cannot be measured directly, since true economy only begins with construction cost and is not fully determinable until the full useful life of the pavement has been recorded. If, however, the requirements for a stable, durable, and safe pavement are met with a reasonable safety factor, then the best interests of economy have probably been served as well.With these requirements in mind, the functions of the constituent parts can be examined with consideration give to how each part contributes to now-established objectives or requirements. The functions of the aggregates is to carry the load imposed on the pavement, and this is accomplished by frictional resistance and interlocking between the individual pieces of aggregates. The carrying capacity of the asphalt pavement is, then, related to the surface texture (particularly that of the fine aggregate) and the density, or “compactness,”, of the aggregates. Surfa ce texture中英文对照外文翻译文献中英文对照外文翻译文献varies with different aggregates, and while a rough surface texture is desired, this may not be available in some localities. Dense mixtures are obtained by using aggregates that are either naturally or artificially “well graded”. This means tha that are either naturally or artificially “well graded”. This means that the fine t the fineaggregate serves to fill the voids in the coarser aggregates. In addition to affecting density and therefore strength characteristics, the grading also influences workability. When an excess of coarse aggregate is used, the mix becomes harsh and hard to work. When an excess of mineral filler is used, the mixes become gummy and difficult to manage.The asphalt cement in the flexible pavement is used to bind the aggregateparticles together and to waterproof the pavements. Obtaining the proper asphalt content is extremely important and bears a significant influence on all the items marking a successful pavement. A chief objective of all the design methods which have been developed is to arrive at the best asphalt content for a particularcombination of aggregates.3 . Mix design principlesCertain fundamental principles underlie the design procedures that have beendeveloped. Before these procedures can be properly studied or applied, someconsideration of these principles is necessary.Asphalt pavements are composed of aggregates, asphalt cement, and voids.Considering the aggregate alone, all the space between particles is void space. The volume of aggregate voids depends on grading and can vary widely. When the asphalt cement is added, a portion of these aggregate voids is filled and a final air-voidvolume is retained. The retention of this air-void volume is very important to thecharacteristics of the mixture. The term air-void volume is used, since these voids are weightless and are usually expressed as a percentage of the total volume of thecompacted mixture.An asphalt pavement carries the applied load by particle friction and interlock. If the particles are pushed apart for any reason , then the pavement stability is destroyed. This factor indicates that certainly no more asphalt should be added than the aggregate voids can readily hold. However ,asphalt cement is susceptible to volume change and the pavement is subject to further compaction under use. If the pavement has no air voids when placed, or if it loses them under traffic, then the expanding asphalt will overflow in a condition known as bleeding. The loss of asphalt cement throughbleeding weakens the pavement and also reduces surface friction, making the roadway附录hazardous.Fig. ·3 Cross section of an asphalt concrete pavement showing the aggregate framework bound together by asphalt cement.The need for a minimum air-void volume (usually 2 or 3 per cent ) has been established. In addition, a maximum air-void volume of 5 to 7 per cent should not be exceed. An excess of air voids promotes raveling of the pavement and also permits water to enter and speed up the deteriorating processes. Also, in the presence of excess air the asphalt cement hardens and ages with an accompanying loss of durability and resiliency.The air-void volume of the mix is determined by the degree of compaction as well as by the asphalt content. For a given asphalt content, a lightly compacted mix will have a large voids volume and a lower density and a greater strength will result. In the laboratory, the compaction is controlled by using a specified hammer and regulating the number of blows and the energy per blow. In the field, the compaction and the air voids are more difficult to control and tests must be made no specimens taken from the compacted pavement to cheek on the degree of compaction being obtained. Traffic further compact the pavement, and allowance must be made for this in the design. A systematic checking of the pavement over an extended period is needed to given factual information for a particular mix. A change in density of several per cent is not unusual, however.Asphalt content has been discussed in connection with various facets of the ix design problem. It is a very important factor in the mix design and has a bearing an all the characteristics ld a successful pavement: stability, skid resistance, durability, and economy. As has been mentioned, the various design procedures are intended to provide a means for selecting the asphalt content . These tests will be considered in中英文对照外文翻译文献中英文对照外文翻译文献detail in a future chapter ,but the relationship between asphalt content and the measurable properties of stability, unit weight, and air voids will be discussed here.Fig.4 Variations in stability, unit weight, and air-void content with asphalt cement content.If the gradation and type of aggregate, the degree of compaction, and the type of asphalt cement are controlled, then the strength varies in a predictable manner. The strength will increase up to some optimum asphalt content and then decrease with further additions. The pattern of strength variation will be different when the other mix factors are changed, and so only a typical pattern can be predicted prior to actual testing.Unit weight varies in the same manner as strength when all other variable arecontrolled. It will reach some peak value at an asphalt content near that determined from the strength curve and then fall off with further additions.As already mentioned, the air-void volume will vary with asphalt content. However, the manner of variation is different in that increased asphalt content willdecrease air-void volume to some minimum value which is approached asymptotically. With still greater additions of asphalt material the particles of aggregate are only pushed apart and no change occurs in air-void volume. In summary, certain principles involving aggregate gradation, air-void volume, asphalt content, and compaction mist be understood before proceeding to actual mix design. The proper design based on these principles will result in sound pavements. If these principles are overlooked, the pavement may fail by one or more of therecognized modes of failure: shoving, rutting, corrugating, becoming slick when the max is too …rich‟; raveling, cracking,having low durability when the mix is too …lean‟.It should be again emphasized that the strength of flexible is, more accurately, a附录stability and does not indicate any ability to bridge weak points in the subgrade by beam strength. No asphalt mixture can be successful unless it rests on top of a properly designed and constructed base structure. This fact, that the surface is no better than the base, must be continually in the minds of those concerned with any aspect of flexible pavement work.中英文对照外文翻译文献中英文对照外文翻译文献译文：译文：沥青混合料的应用、理论和原则1、应用沥青材料如今在建筑行业广泛使用。

应用地球化学元素丰度数据手册-原版

应用地球化学元素丰度数据手册迟清华鄢明才编著地质出版社·北京·1内容提要本书汇编了国内外不同研究者提出的火成岩、沉积岩、变质岩、土壤、水系沉积物、泛滥平原沉积物、浅海沉积物和大陆地壳的化学组成与元素丰度，同时列出了勘查地球化学和环境地球化学研究中常用的中国主要地球化学标准物质的标准值，所提供内容均为地球化学工作者所必须了解的各种重要地质介质的地球化学基础数据。

本书供从事地球化学、岩石学、勘查地球化学、生态环境与农业地球化学、地质样品分析测试、矿产勘查、基础地质等领域的研究者阅读，也可供地球科学其它领域的研究者使用。

图书在版编目（CIP）数据应用地球化学元素丰度数据手册/迟清华，鄢明才编著. －北京：地质出版社，2007.12ISBN 978－7－116－05536－0Ⅰ. 应… Ⅱ. ①迟…②鄢…Ⅲ. 地球化学丰度－化学元素－数据－手册Ⅳ. P595－62中国版本图书馆CIP数据核字（2007）第185917号责任编辑：王永奉陈军中责任校对：李玫出版发行：地质出版社社址邮编：北京市海淀区学院路31号，100083电话：（010）82324508（邮购部）网址：电子邮箱：zbs@传真：（010）82310759印刷：北京地大彩印厂开本：889mm×1194mm 1/16印张：10.25字数：260千字印数：1－3000册版次：2007年12月北京第1版•第1次印刷定价：28.00元书号：ISBN 978－7－116－05536－0（如对本书有建议或意见，敬请致电本社；如本社有印装问题，本社负责调换）2关于应用地球化学元素丰度数据手册（代序）地球化学元素丰度数据，即地壳五个圈内多种元素在各种介质、各种尺度内含量的统计数据。

它是应用地球化学研究解决资源与环境问题上重要的资料。

将这些数据资料汇编在一起将使研究人员节省不少查找文献的劳动与时间。

这本小册子就是按照这样的想法编汇的。

2024-2025学年广东省湛江市英语高一上学期测试试卷与参考答案

2024-2025学年广东省湛江市英语高一上学期测试试卷与参考答案一、听力第一节（本大题有5小题，每小题1.5分，共7.5分）1.Question: Listen to the recording and choose the correct picture that matches thedescription.Answer: [Picture description: A student sitting at a desk with books and a pen, looking at a computer screen.]Explanation: The recording describes a student who is studying at home, using a computer for online learning. The picture depicts a student at a desk with books and a pen, focusing on a computer screen, which matches the description.2.Question: Listen to the conversation and choose the best answer to the question.Question: What time does the school library open?A. 8:00 a.m.B. 9:00 a.m.C. 10:00 a.m.Answer: BExplanation: In the conversation, one speaker asks, “When does the library open?” and the other responds, “It opens at 9:00 a.m.” Therefore, the correct answer is B.3.Question: Listen to the short passage and answer the question.Question: How many days a week does the student go to the gym?A. Three days a week.B. Four days a week.C. Five days a week.Answer: AExplanation: The passage states that the student tries to make time for exercise by going to the gym three times a week. This directly corresponds to option A, three days a week.4、 Listen to the recording and choose the correct answer to the question. Question: What time does the train leave for Shanghai?A)8:00 a.m.B)9:00 a.m.C)10:00 a.m.Answer: B) 9:00 a.m.Explanation: The recording states that the train departing for Shanghai leaves at 9:00 a.m. Therefore, the correct answer is B.5、 Listen to the conversation and fill in the blank with the missing word. Conversation:Student: Excuse me, could you tell me where the library is?Teacher: Sure, it’s just next to the_______building.Answer: Administration (or Admin)Explanation: The teacher responds that the library is next to theadministration building, which is a common term for the main office or administrative center of a school. Therefore, the missing word is“Administration” or its abbreviation “Admin.”二、听力第二节（本大题有15小题，每小题1.5分，共22.5分）1.Question:Listen to the short conversation and choose the best answer.(A)The movie starts at 7 p.m.(B)They’ll meet at the cinema gate at 6:45 p.m.(C)They’re going to watch a comedy.Answer: (B) They’ll meet at the cinema gate at 6:45 p.m.Explanation: The conversation might involve two friends discussing their plans to watch a movie. One might say, “Let’s meet at the cinema gate at 6:45 p.m. so we don’t miss the start.” This directly corresponds to option(B).2.Question:Listen to the news report and answer the following question.What is the main topic of the news?(A)A local sports event.(B)A traffic accident.(C)An upcoming cultural festival.Answer: (C) An upcoming cultural festival.Explanation: The news report might mention details about an upcomingcultural festival in the city, such as the date, expected attendees, and highlights of the event. This would make option (C) the most relevant answer.3.Question:Listen to the dialogue between a student and a teacher. What is the student’s main concern?(A)Difficulty understanding the assignment.(B)Absence from the last class.(C)Request for extra credit.Answer: (A) Difficulty understanding the assignment.Explanation: The dialogue could involve the student expressing confusion about a particular assignment or topic covered in class. The student might say something like, “I’m having trouble understanding the instructions for the homework assignment. Could you clarify it f or me?” This indicates that the student’s main concern is related to the assignment, making option(A) the correct answer.4、 What is the main topic of the conversation?A. Travel plans.B. A book report.C. A job interview.Answer: A. Travel plans.Explanation: The conversation revolves around two people discussing their travel plans for an upcoming trip. They mention different destinations, activities, and logistics, indicating that the main topic is travel plans.5、 Where is the woman planning to go for her vacation?A. Paris.B. London.C. Rome.Answer: B. London.Explanation: In the conversation, the woman specifically mentions that she’s planning to visit London for her vacation. She discusses the sights she wants to see and the things she wants to do there.6、 Why does the man suggest taking the train instead of flying?A. It’s faster.B. It’s more environmentally friendly.C. It’s cheaper.Answer: C. It’s cheaper.Explanation: The man suggests taking the train as an alternative to flying because he believes it’s a more cost-effective option. He mentions that train tickets are cheaper than airfare, making it a more affordable choice for the trip.7、Listen to the recording and choose the best answer to the question. Question: What does the speaker say about the new English teacher?A. She’s strict and boring.B. She’s friendly and helpful.C. She’s funny but not serious.Answer: B.Explanation: The recording mentions that the new English teacher is very friendly and always willing to help students w ith their problems. There’s no mention of her being strict, boring, or not serious.8、Listen to the dialogue and fill in the missing word.Dialogue:Student: Hi, teacher. Can you help me with this sentence?Teacher: Sure, let’s see. It’s a bit complicated,but if you break it down into parts, it’s actually quite _________.Answer: simpleExplanation: The teacher is suggesting that by breaking down the complex sentence into simpler parts, it becomes easier to understand. Therefore, the missing word is “simple.”9、Listen to the passage and answer the question.Passage: … The history of English literature can be traced back to the Middle Ages, when stories were told orally and later written down. As time passed, writers began to experiment with different forms and styles, leading to a rich diversity in English literature. Today, English literature is enjoyed worldwide and continues to evolve.Question: What is the main idea of the passage?A. English literature has a long history.B. English literature is only popular in England.C. English literature is boring and difficult to understand.Answer: A.Explanation: The passage talks about the history of English literature, from the Middle Ages to the present day, and how it has evolved over time. It does not suggest that English literature is only popular in England or that it is boring and difficult to understand. Therefore, the main idea is that English literature has a long history.10、Listen to the short passage and choose the best answer to the question. Question: What is the main topic of the passage?A) The history of basketball.B) The benefits of playing basketball.C) The rules of basketball.Answer: BExplanation: The passage discusses how playing basketball can improve physical health, mental well-being, and social skills. It highlights the various benefits that come with playing basketball, making B the correct answer.11、Listen to the conversation between two students and fill in the missing word.Student 1: Hey, did you hear about the upcoming English speech contest? Student 2: Yeah, I’m actually thinking about participating. I’m just not sure what topic to choose.Student 1: How about something related to ___________?Answer: TechnologyExplanation: The conversation suggests that the two students are discussing the English speech contest and one student is suggesting a topic related to technology.12、Listen to the dialogue and select the correct statement.Teacher: Good morning, class. Today we’re going to review the present perfect tense. Can anyone give me an example sentence using the present perfect tense?Student: Yes, I have already finished my homework.Teacher: Very good! Now, remember, the present perfect tense is used to talk about actions that started in the past but have a connection to the present. Statement: The present perfect tense is used to describe actions that are completed in the past.Answer: FalseExplanation: The teacher clearly states that the present perfect tense is used to talk about actions that started in the past but have a connection to the present. The given statement incorrectly suggests that the present perfect tense is only used to describe actions that are completed in the past, without mentioning its connection to the present.13、 Listen to the conversation and choose the best answer.Question: What is the probable relationship between the two speakers?A. Teacher and student.B. Friends discussing homework.C. Library assistants.Answer: AExplanation: In the conversation, one speaker asks questions about an English essay, suggesting the context of a classroom setting. The other speaker responds with feedback and suggestions, typical of ateacher-student interaction. No mention of homework discussion or library-related activities indicates the A option, “Teacher and student,” is the most suitable answer.14、 Listen to the news report and fill in the missing information. Question: When will the international science festival be held? Answer: Next Friday.Explanation: The news report mentions that the city is preparing for the international science festival, set to take place “next Friday.” The focus on an upcoming event with a specific date fits the prompt’s requirement for a timeline.15、 Listen to the monologue and select the true statement about the speaker’s plans.Question: Which of the following is true about the speaker’s plans for the weekend?A. They are going on a hiking trip with friends.B. They have a piano recital to attend.C. They plan to work on their English assignments at home.Answer: CExplanation: In the monologue, the speaker expresses their intention to catch up on their schoolwork, specifically mentioning they have some English assignments due soon. This aligns with option C, where the speaker plans to work on their English assignments at home during the weekend. NeitherA norB are mentioned in the monologue.三、阅读第一节（第1题7.5分，其余每题10分，总37.5分）First Question: Reading Comprehension Section 1Passage:Title: “A Journey Through Time: Exploring Ancient Civilizations”In the early days of human history, civilizations flourished in various corners of the world, each with its unique contributions to art, science, and culture. Imagine stepping back in time, to a place where the pyramids of Egypt stood tall, the Great Wall of China stretched endlessly, and the Indus Valley Civilization flourished with intricate pottery and writing systems. This journey takes us on an adventure through three of the most renowned ancient civilizations: Egypt, China, and the Indus Valley.Egypt: The Nile River, known as the “lifeline of Egypt,” nourished the land and gave birth to one of the world’s oldest civilizations. TheEgyptians were skilled builders, as evidenced by their colossal pyramids, tombs for their pharaohs, and temples dedicated to their gods. Their hieroglyphic writing system, though complex, allowed for the preservation of stories and knowledge for millennia.China: The cradle of civilization in East Asia, China boasts a continuous history spanning over 5,000 years. From the Neolithic villages of Yangshao and Longshan to the majestic Great Wall, China’s achievements are testament to its people’s ingenuity and perseverance. The invention of paper, printing, and gunpowder are just a few of the groundbreaking innovations that originated in China.Indus Valley: Located in what is now Pakistan and parts of northwest India, the Indus Valley Civilization, also known as the Harappan Civilization, thrived around 3300-1300 BCE. This civilization was renowned for its urban planning, with well-organized cities featuring grid layouts, advanced sanitation systems, and standardized weights and measures. Their writing system, though still largely undeciphered, hints at a sophisticated society with a complex economy.Questions:1.Which river is often referred to as the “lifeline of Egypt” and played a crucial role inthe development of its civilization?•Answer: The Nile River. one of the most iconic architectural achievements of the Egyptians thatserves as a tomb for their pharaohs.•Answer: The pyramids.3.In what aspects did China make groundbreaking contributions to human civilization?(Mention two)•Answer: China invented paper, printing, and gunpowder, among other groundbreaking innovations.4.What distinguishes the Indus Valley Civilization from other ancient civilizations interms of urban planning?•Answer: The Indus Valley Civilization is distinguished by its well-organized cities featuring grid layouts and advanced sanitation systems.Second Question: Reading Comprehension - Section 1Passage:Title: A Journey Through Time: Discovering Ancient CivilizationsIn the vast expanse of human history, ancient civilizations have left indelible marks on our planet. From the pyramids of Egypt to the ruins of Machu Picchu, these societies have captivated scholars and travelers alike with their intricate structures, advanced technologies, and profound cultural contributions. This semester, as we embark on our first journey in English for Grade 10 in Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province, we will delve into the fascinating world of ancient civilizations, exploring their origins, achievements, and legacies.One of the most enduring mysteries surrounds the rise and fall of the Mayan civilization in Central America. Nestled amidst the lush jungles of southern Mexico and Guatemala, the Mayans constructed towering temples and intricatecalendars that accurately predicted astronomical events centuries in advance. Their writing system, though largely deciphered, still holds secrets that continue to captivate archaeologists and historians.On the other side of the world, in the Nile Valley, the Egyptian civilization flourished for millennia, leaving behind a rich heritage that includes the iconic pyramids, the Sphinx, and the enigmatic hieroglyphic script. The Egyptians’ mastery over agriculture, engineering, and artistry set the stage for many innovations that would shape the course of human history. Yet, another intriguing chapter in the annals of ancient history is the Indus Valley Civilization, centered around the Indus River basin in present-day Pakistan and northwest India. This civilization, known for its sophisticated urban planning and intricate seal impressions, remains somewhat of an enigma due to the lack of written records.As we delve deeper into these civilizations and many more, we will uncover not only their material achievements but also the profound impact they have had on our understanding of the human experience.Questions:1.What is the main topic of the passage?•Answer: The passage discusses the fascinating world of ancient civilizations and their contributions to human history.2.Which ancient civilization is known for its intricate calendars and temples in CentralAmerica?•Answer: The Mayan civilization.3.What is the significance of the Egyptian civilization in human history?•Answer: The Egyptian civilization is significant for its contributions to agriculture, engineering, and artistry, as well as its enduring heritage, including the pyramids and hieroglyphic script.4.What is one of the enigmatic aspects of the Indus Valley Civilization?•Answer: The lack of written records is one of the enigmatic aspects of the Indus Valley Civilization.Third Section: ReadingPassage:Title: Discovering High School Life in Zhanjiang, Guangdong ProvinceAs the leaves of the tropical trees in Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province, turn a vibrant green, signaling the start of a new academic year, I embarked on my journey as a freshman in English at a prestigious high school. The first semester was a whirlwind of excitement, challenges, and self-discovery. From the moment I stepped into the sprawling campus, filled with the chatter of new faces and the promise of endless possibilities, I knew this would be a semester to remember. Our English classes were a fusion of tradition and innovation, where classic literature was analyzed alongside contemporary works, and debates raged over the merits of different writing styles.One of the highlights was our “Global Voices” project, where we delv ed into the literature of diverse cultures, from Shakespeare’s timeless plays to modern African novels. This not only broadened our horizons but alsofostered empathy and understanding for perspectives beyond our own. However, the semester wasn’t without i ts challenges. The rigor of English grammar and the depths of vocabulary required constant effort and dedication. Yet, with the support of our dedicated teachers and the camaraderie among classmates, we persevered and grew stronger as learners.Through group discussions, presentations, and creative writing assignments, we honed our communication skills and gained confidence in expressing ourselves in English. Each class became a platform for self-expression, where we dared to voice our opinions and ideas.As the semester drew to a close, I looked back with a sense of accomplishment and anticipation for what lay ahead. I had not only learned the language but also gained insights into myself and the world around me. Questions:1.What is the main theme of the passage?•Answer: Discovering high school life in English at a high school in Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province, during the first semester.2.What was the highlight of the English classes mentioned in the passage?•Answer: The “Global Voices” project, where students explored literature from diverse cultures.3.How did the students overcome the challenges of the rigorous English curriculum?•Answer: With the support of dedicated teachers and the camaraderie among classmates, the students persevered and grew stronger as learners.4.What skills did the students develop through their English classes?•Answer: The students honed their communication skills and gained confidence in expressing themselves in English through group discussions, presentations, andcreative writing assignments.Fourth Question: Reading ComprehensionPassage:Title: Exploring the Wonders of the Ocean: A High School Freshman’s PerspectiveAs a first-year English student in Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province, I embarked on an extraordinary journey this semester—an exploration of the vast and mysterious depths of our oceans. From the depths of the Mariana Trench to the vibrant coral reefs of the Great Barrier Reef, I have been captivated by the sheer scale and diversity of life beneath the waves.Our class was divided into groups, each tasked with researching a specific aspect of oceanography. My team focused on marine biodiversity, delving into the intricacies of ecosystems that support an estimated 230,000 known species, with many more yet to be discovered. We were amazed by the intricate web of relationships that sustains life in these underwater worlds, from the tiniest plankton that forms the base of the food chain to the majestic whales that traverse the oceans.One particularly enlightening moment came when we learned about the importance of coral reefs. Dubbed the “rainforests of the sea,” coral reefs are not only beautiful but also vital for maintaining marine biodiversity and providing habitats for countless species. Unfortunately, these fragile ecosystems are under threat from human activities such aspollution, overfishing, and climate change. This realization sparked a sense of urgency within our group to raise awareness and promote conservation efforts.As we delved deeper into our research, we discovered fascinating facts about ocean currents, the water cycle, and the role of the ocean in regulating Earth’s climate. We also explored the rich history of human exploration of the oceans, from ancient sailors navigating by the stars to modern-day submarines and remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) that enable us to explore the deepest reaches of the sea.Throughout this journey, I have learned not only about the wonders of the ocean but also the critical role we play in preserving its health. The ocean is a treasure trove of life, and it is our responsibility to protect it for future generations.Questions:1.What was the main focus of the author’s research group in this semester’soceanography project?Answer: Marine biodiversity.2.What are coral reefs often referred to as, and why are they important?Answer: Coral reefs are often referred to as the “rainforests of the sea”because they are vital for maintaining marine biodiversity and providing habitats for countless species.3.What are two human activities that pose a threat to coral reefs?Answer: Pollution and overfishing are two human activities that pose a threat to coral reefs.4.What message does the author hope to convey through their experience withthis oceanography project?Answer: The author hopes to convey the importance of protecting the ocean and its biodiversity, emphasizing that it is our responsibility topreserve it for future generations.四、阅读第二节（12.5分）Title: Exploring the Wonders of the OceanThe vast and mysterious ocean covers over 70% of our planet’s surface, yet it remains largely unexplored. From the depths of the Mariana Trench, the deepest point in the ocean, to the vibrant coral reefs teeming with life, the ocean holds countless secrets waiting to be discovered.The Mariana Trench:Located in the western Pacific Ocean, the Mariana Trench is a deep-sea trench that reaches depths of over 10,000 meters (33,000 feet). It is here where scientists have found some of the most extreme life forms on Earth, adapted to the crushing pressure and near-freezing temperatures.Coral Reefs:On the other end of the spectrum, coral reefs are vibrant underwater ecosystems that support an incredible diversity of marine life. Thesecolorful structures, built by tiny coral polyps, provide shelter and food for countless fish, invertebrates, and even some mammals. However, coral reefs are facing numerous threats, including climate change and pollution. Ocean Exploration:Advances in technology have made it possible for humans to venture deeper into the ocean than ever before. Submarines, remotely operated vehicles (ROVs), and autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) are just a few of the tools that scientists use to explore the depths. These technologies have helped us uncover new species, understand ocean currents, and monitor the health of our oceans.The Importance of the Ocean:The ocean plays a crucial role in regulating our planet’s climate, producing half of the oxygen we breathe, and providing food for millions of people. It is also a source of recreation and inspiration for many. However, human activities such as overfishing, pollution, and climate change are putting immense pressure on the ocean’s delicate balance. Questions:1.What percentage of the Earth’s surface is covered by the ocean?•A) 30%•B) 50%•C) 70%•D) 90%Answer: C) 70%Explanation: The passage states, “The vast and mysterious ocean covers over 70% of our planet’s surface.”2.What is the deepest point in the ocean called?•A) Mariana Plateau•B) Mariana Ridge•C) Mariana Trench•D) Mariana CanyonAnswer: C) Mariana TrenchExplanation: The passage mentions, “Located in the western Pacific Ocean, the Mariana Trench is a deep-sea trench that reaches depths of over 10,000 meters (33,000 feet).”3.What are coral reefs known for?•A) Being the deepest part of the ocean•B) Supporting a diverse marine life•C) Being a source of pollution•D) Causing climate changeAnswer: B) Supporting a diverse marine lifeExplanation: The passage states, “Coral reefs are vibrant underwater ecosystems that support an incredible diversity of marine life.”4.Which technology has helped scientists explore deeper into the ocean?•A) Satellites•B) Submarines•C) Spacecraft•D) DronesAnswer: B) SubmarinesExplanation: The passage mentions, “Advances in technology have made it possible for humans to venture deeper into the ocean than ever before. Submarines, remotelyoperated vehicles (ROVs), and autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) are just a few of the tools that scientists use to explore the depths.”5.What is the main threat to coral reefs mentioned in the passage?•A) Overfishing•B) Natural disasters•C) Climate change and pollution•D) Lack of funding for researchAnswer: C) Climate change and pollutionExplanation: The passage states, “However, coral reefs are facing numerous threats,including climate change and pollution.”五、语言运用第一节完形填空（15分）Title: “Starting High School in Zhanjiang, Guangdong - My First Semester in English”As a freshman stepping into the vibrant halls of Zhanjiang High School in Guangdong Province, I was filled with both excitement and anxiety. English, the language that bridges cultures and connects minds, held a special place in my heart. This first semester, especially in English class, was a journey filled with challenges and achievements.1 the first day, our teacher, Mrs. Li, introduced us to the wonders ofEnglish literature and the importance of communication. She emphasized thatEnglish was not just a subject but a tool that would 2 us throughout our lives. We were encouraged to embrace the language and make it our own. Our textbooks were filled with stories from around the world, each one a window into different cultures and perspectives. Through these texts, we learned about 3 such as bravery, friendship, and perseverance. One particular story, about a young girl who overcame adversity to achieve her dreams, resonated deeply within me. It inspired me to 4my fears and pursue my goals with renewed vigor.Grammar lessons, while initially daunting, gradually became enjoyable as we practiced constructing sentences and understanding sentence structures.I remember struggling with verb tenses at first, but with patience and 5, I was able to master them.The highlight of our English class was the debate club. It provided a platform for us to 6 our opinions, analyze issues critically, and enhance our public speaking skills. Participating in debates not only honed my language abilities but also taught me the value of teamwork and respectful disagreement.Writing assignments were another vital aspect of our learning. From personal essays to research papers, each piece of writing was an opportunity to express ourselves and 7 our understanding of the subject matter. The feedback we received from Mrs. Li was invaluable, as it helped us identify areas for improvement and pushed us to strive for excellence.Outside the classroom, we engaged in various extracurricular activities that 8 our English skills. The English movie club allowed us to watch and discuss films in their original language, broadening our vocabulary and enhancing our listening comprehension. Meanwhile, the drama club offered a chance to act out scenes from classic literature, further immersing us in the language.Looking back on this semester, I realize that my journey in English has been filled with ups and downs. There were moments of frustration when I struggled to comprehend a complex passage or deliver a speech without hesitation. However, these challenges only served to strengthen my resolve and 9 my determination to succeed.With each passing day, I felt myself growing more confident in my English abilities. I began to appreciate the beauty of the language and the doors it could open for me. I am excited to see where this journey takes me in the upcoming semesters and beyond.Fill in the Blanks:1.____ the first day2.would ____ us throughout our lives3.learned about ____ such as bravery4.inspired me to ____ my fears5.with patience and ____6.provided a platform for us to ____ our opinions。

分析英语翻译中常出现的问题及对策（范本）

分析英语翻译中常‎出现的问题及对策‎分析英语翻译中‎常出现的问题及对‎策上,有一篇‎文章以《英语六级‎译不出小海报?—‎—大学生该增强应‎用能力了》为题,‎报道了扬州某高校‎为了迎接“三八”‎妇女节,特地邀请‎扬州市区一公司女‎经理做一场“创业‎报告会”。

负责的‎老师起草了海报的‎中文内容,让学生‎译成英语。

然而,‎四名大学生苦思冥‎想,译出来的内容‎各不相同,而且在‎译的过程中,对于‎一些简单的部分也‎是一头雾水,结果‎他们的译文根本用‎不了。

为此,负责‎报告会的老师专门‎去该高校请英语系‎的教师帮忙翻译。

‎我们反思:英语教‎学一直都是注重应‎试教育,不断地追‎求分数,忽略了英‎语的实际运用能力‎的培养。

那么,在‎教授学生英语基础‎知识时,更重要的‎是教给学生英语的‎实际应用方法与技‎巧,正所谓“授之‎以鱼,不如授之以‎渔”,说的正是这‎个道理。

‎一、翻译‎理论英语翻译‎是“把-种语言文‎字的意义用另一种‎语言文字表达出来‎”,既要忠实又要‎通顺,绝非易事,‎因为语言是最难掌‎握、最难精通的。

‎一个作者只需熟悉‎一种语言,译者则‎应精通两种语言,‎并要善于克服两种‎语言因巨大的差异‎所造成的困难。

茅‎盾说:“精通本国‎语文和被翻译的文‎字,这是从事英语‎翻译工作的起码条‎件……”英语翻译‎不仅是语言的问题‎,每个国家的文化‎都有差异,如何找‎到一个恰当的词表‎达很不容易;译作‎到了外国编辑那里‎,还有一个他们是‎否理解和认可的问‎题。

因此,做好英‎语翻译工作要求译‎者具备一定的素质‎。

翻译课程的本质‎是语言教学,是提‎高双语水平的有效‎手段。

翻译教学可‎以在英语语言学习‎和汉语语言意识方‎面使学生受益。

‎二‎、翻译即再创造‎第一,翻译时确‎切地再现他人的笔‎意和笔法。

译者翻‎译时既要对原文忠‎实,又必须发挥创‎造性;不可止于形‎同,更要追求神似‎。

翻译是再创造,‎而不是照相式地机‎械重复,所以翻译‎必然能够提高创造‎性思维能力。

托福阅读TPO19答案解析

托福阅读答案1.回到原文“accumulations of earth and loose rock …” 文中的意思是指的泥土的积累，形成叫moraines的物质，而泥土的积累其实就可以看做是沉淀，比如三角洲就是泥土的积累或者说是沉淀出来的，所以选D。

2.根据“A heterogeneous group consists of many different types of things or people.” 所以答案选B。

3.第二句“Agassiz visited many places …”第三句“In all these diverse regions, …”第四句“In flatplains country, he saw moraines…that remained him of the terminal moraines found at the endof valley glaciers in the Alps.”意思是：在平原乡村，他看到的moraines让他想起了在阿尔卑斯冰山谷末端找到的terminal moraines。

首先他去过很多地方，都发现了冰川侵蚀和沉淀的迹象，然后他在flat plains 发现的moraines让他想起了在Alps发现的moraines，这证明在不同地方发现了类似甚至同样的物质，所以只有B符合。

选项A错，地质差异比较扯；选项C错，肯定不是Alps的地质研究；选项D错，并没有什么regionaldifference,这是原文并没有提到的，所以不能选。

4.回原文“…regions that enjoy temperate climates…”直译过来应该是：享受温带气候的地区。

Resemble 肯定不对，因为确实就是温带气候，不用类似于。

Expect 期望也不对，本来就是何必期望呢？dominate支配也不对，支配温带气候实在是从语义上说不过去，最后只有experience经历是可以说的过去的，一个享受温带气候的地区当然就经历这么一个温带的气候，所以选A。

话题作文题记万能模板

话题作文题记万能模板英文回答：Essay Title: Writing Templates for Topic Sentences。

Introduction。

A topic sentence is the foundation of a paragraph. It provides a concise and focused statement that captures the main idea of the paragraph and serves as the roadmap for the development of the subsequent sentences. A well-crafted topic sentence can engage the reader and set the stage for a coherent and compelling piece of writing.Template 1: One-Sentence Summary。

Formula: The main idea of the paragraph, stated in a single sentence.Example: "The Industrial Revolution transformed theworld by bringing about unprecedented technological advancements."Template 2: Two-Part Thesis。

Formula: The main idea is presented in two parts: a claim and a reason or supporting evidence.Example: "While social media has revolutionized communication, it also poses significant challenges to privacy and mental health."Template 3: Question-and-Answer。

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a rXiv:as tr o-ph/1764v13J ul21Extragalactic Gas at Low Redshift ASP Conference Series,Vol.,2001Mulchaey,et al.The HI Content and Extent of Low Surface Brightness Galaxies –Could LSB Galaxies be Responsible for Damped Ly-αAbsorption?Karen O’Neil NAIC/Arecibo Observatory,HC3Box 53995,Arecibo,PR 00612koneil@ Abstract.Low surface brightness galaxies,those galaxies with a central surface brightness at least one magnitude fainter than the night sky,are often not included in discussions of extragalactic gas at z <0.1.In this paper we review many of the properties of low surface brightness galaxies,in-cluding recent studies which indicate low surface brightness systems may contribute far more to the local HI luminosity function than previously thought.Additionally,we use the known (HI)gas properties of low sur-face brightness galaxies to consider their possible contribution to nearby damped Lyman-αabsorbers.1.Introduction -What is a LSB Galaxy?Typically,low surface brightness (LSB)galaxies are deﬁned as those galaxies with an observed central surface brightness that is at least one magnitude fainter than the night sky.In the B band,this translates to µB (0)≥22.6–23.0mag arcsec −2.However,alternatives to this deﬁnition do exist.One common deﬁni-tion is that a LSB galaxy is a galaxy whose inclination corrected central surface brightness is µB (0)≥23.0mag arcsec −2(Matthews,Gallagher,&van Driel 1999).Although it is a more consistent deﬁnition,this second deﬁnition relies on understanding the dust properties and opacity of the studied galaxies.As detailed studies of the dust content of the majority of the LSB galaxies discussed herein have not been done,we will restrict the deﬁnition of LSB systems in this paper to only those galaxies with an observed µB (0)≥23.0mag arcsec −2.Photometrically,LSB galaxies are typically thought of as being fairly blue(B −V <0.3)and unevolved.Although it is true LSB galaxies include perhaps the bluest galaxies known (e.g.O’Neil,et al.1998;de Blok,van der Hulst,&Bothun 1996;McGaugh,Schombert,&Bothun 1995),a number of LSB systems with B −V >1have also been identiﬁed (O’Neil,et al.1997b).Whether the red LSB systems are indicators of a bias towards detecting blue LSB systems (O’Neil,et al..1997b),examples of an uncommon quiescent phase of star formation in LSB galaxies (Gerristson &de Blok 2000),or LSB galaxies with a diﬀerent star formation history than their blue counterparts (Bell,et al.2000),or some combination of the three,remains to be seen.The important point is simply that12Karen O’NeilLSB systems are not exclusively blue galaxies,and allowances for LSB galaxies with redder colors must be made.The last common descriptor of LSB galaxies is their morphology.Typically, LSB galaxies are described as having the morphology of late-type/irregular spiral galaxies.This description certainly holds true for a signiﬁcant percentage of LSB systems,many of which have morphologies which simply cannot be described by the Hubble diagram(Figure1).LSB galaxies are not,though,exclusively of irregular morphology–a signiﬁcant number of LSB systems exist which have diﬀuse yet well deﬁned outer disks and occasionally central bulges.Additionally, there are a number of LSB dE systems which have been identiﬁed.(See,e.g. Impey,Bothun,&Malin1988;Evans,Davies,&Phillipps1990;Pickering,et al.1997;Bijersbergen,de Blok,&van der Hulst1999).Figure1.Images of[OBC97]P02-4(left)and UGC12695(right)–LSB galaxies withµB(0)=25.1and23.8mag arcsec−2,respectively.(Images from O’Neil,Bothun,&Cornell1997a and O’Neil,McGaugh,&Verheijen1999.)2.What is the HI Content of LSB Galaxies?Like many of their properties,the total neutral hydrogen content of LSB galax-ies varies considerably,from less than108M⊙through1011M⊙.Contrary to often held belief,though,no correlation is seen between the galaxies’total gas mass and the galaxies’central surface brightness or size(Figure2a).Thus LSB galaxies are neither exclusively dwarf nor massive systems,but instead cover the same mass range as their HSB counterparts.Similarly,the gas mass-to-luminosity ratio of LSB galaxies varies consid-erably,from less0.1≤M HI/L B≤10M⊙/L⊙.Again,no correlation is seen between LSB galaxies’M HI/L B and surface brightness or size(Figure2b),in-dicating LSB galaxies are not exclusively of high(or low)gas content.Recently,the number of massive(M HI>1010M⊙)LSB galaxies known has increased signiﬁcantly.Two survey are underway using the305-m telescope at Arecibo to determine the redshift and HI mass of optically selected LSB galaxies. Theﬁrst survey is searching for LSB galaxies in the UGC catalog which(a)haveThe HI Content and Extent of Low Surface Brightness Galaxies377.588.599.51010.51111.522.52323.52424.525l o g (M H I ) [M s u n ]µB (0) [mag/arcsec 2]O’Neil, et.al ’01O’Neil, et.al ’00de Blok, et.al ’95;96024681022.52323.52424.525M H I /L B [M s u n /L s u n ] µB (0) [mag/arcsec 2]O’Neil, et.al ’01O’Neil, et.al ’00de Blok, et.al ’95;96Figure 2.Gas mass (a)and gas mass-to-luminosity ratio (b)versus central surface brightness for LSB galaxies in a variety of surveys.not yet had a redshift determination,and (b)are morphologically similar to the known massive LSB galaxies (e.g.Malin 1and its ‘cousins’)(O’Neil &Bothun 2001).The galaxies from the second survey have been identiﬁed (for the ﬁrst time)on the POSS II plates,and are morphologically similar to the known LSB AGN galaxies (Schombert,O’Neil,&Eder 2002;Schombert 1998).Although both massive LSB galaxy surveys are still underway,preliminary results are available.First,early results show that the surveys have increased the number of known massive LSB galaxies by a factor of seven or more.Addition-ally,the surveys have signiﬁcantly increased the number of LSBG AGN galaxies.With this data in hand,it becomes evident that LSB galaxies may contribute sig-niﬁcantly to the HI luminosity function,in contradiction to the commonly held belief of LSB systems as insigniﬁcant contributors to this function (i.e.Zwaan,these proceedings).This argument is furthered by the discovery of numerous massive LSB systems with the HIPASS equatorial survey (Disney,et al.in these proceedings).Additionally,the ﬁndings of the two massive LSB galaxy surveys have considerably increased the number of LSB galaxies with high (>200kpc)impact parameters,a ﬁnding which plays a signiﬁcant role in determining the contribution of LSB systems to damped Lyman-αsystems (below).Finally,and perhaps most importantly,the surveys’results demonstrate the need for a bet-ter understanding of HI survey selection eﬀects.(A fact which is again further emphasized when the results are combined with the HIPASS equatorial survey results presented by Disney (these proceedings).)Although it now seems clear that there are a number of massive LSB galaxies in the z <0.1Universe,some caution is necessary.First,unlike the HIPASS survey,the two massive LSB galaxy surveys described herein are extremely biased.As the surveys are designed to ﬁnd massive LSB systems,the surveys’ﬁndings cannot be used to directly re-determine LSB galaxies’contribution to the local HI luminosity function.Instead the survey results should be used simply as an indication that a signiﬁcant population of massive LSB galaxies do exist which have not yet been cataloged.Secondly,it should be recognized that the majority of LSB galaxy redshifts have been determined through observing the galaxies’21-cm line.This means that a galaxy is typically included in HI catalogs only if it has a signiﬁcant HI ﬂux,as without a redshift known a priori to the 21-cm observations,now4Karen O’Neilmeaningful upper limit to the galaxies’HI mass can be made.As LSB galaxies are inherently low signal-to-noise systems,this limitation results in signiﬁcant selection eﬀects being placed on all catalogs of LSB galaxy HI measurements (Figure 3).These selection eﬀects,then,may be the primary reason LSB galaxies are typically considered gas rich objects.0100200300400500600050001000015000200002500030000M H I [x 108 M s u n ]Velocity [km/s]Selection EffectsSelection Effects?Real?Figure 3.Total HI gas mass versus recessional velocity for the LSB galaxies in O’Neil,et al.(2000)and O’Neil &Bothun (2001).3.The HI Distribution of LSB GalaxiesThe only study done to date speciﬁcally looking at the local environment of LSB galaxies was done by Bothun,et al.(1993).Using a sample of 340LSB galaxies with measured redshifts and the CfA redshift survey data,Bothun,et al.determined that LSB galaxies have a strong statistical deﬁcit of galaxies located within a projected radius of 0.5Mpc and a velocity of 500km/s compared to HSB paring LSB and HSB disk galaxies in the same portion of the sky,they found the average distance to the nearest neighbor is 1.7times farther for LSB disk galaxies.On larger scales,though,LSB galaxies lie in the same overall distribution as HSB galaxies,and no evidence has yet been found for LSB galaxies existing inside the large-scale galaxy voids (Figure 4).4.The HI Extent of LSB GalaxiesThe optical radii (r 27)of LSB galaxies range from 1kpc through greater than 100kpc,while the HI distribution of LSB systems is typically much larger.This diﬀerence was quantiﬁed be de Blok,et al.(1996).Using the VLA and Westerbock Synthesis Radio telescope,de Blok,et al.imaged the 21-cm line of 19LSB galaxies.Deﬁning the HI radius as the radius when the HI distribution falls to the 1M ⊙pc −2HI level,they determined the HI to optical radius ratio of the studied LSB systems.The results of this study found the R HI /R 25ratio to vary from 1.0–4.3,with R HI /R 25 =2.5,showing LSB galaxies to haveThe HI Content and Extent of Low Surface Brightness Galaxies 51200015000Velocity [km/s]Pegasus Cluster23.1h23.6h1200015000Velocity [km/s]Cancer Cluster8.0h8.5hFigure 4.Two dimensional projection of LSB galaxies in the O’Neil,Bothun,&Schombert (2000)survey (•)as well as all other HSB galax-ies with published velocities and lying in the same sky region (x)(as determined from NED).The plots show heliocentric velocity (in km/s)versus Right Ascension (B1950coordinates).extended HI,potentially out to radii of 200–300kpc or more at the 1018cm −2level.5.Could LSB Galaxies be Signiﬁcant Contributors to DampedLyman-αAbsorption?One of the more signiﬁcant questions which can be asked when considering the gas content and number density of LSB galaxies is –Could LSB galaxies be signiﬁcant contributors to damped Lyman-αabsorption?The traditional answer to this question has been no,for a variety of ly,•It is often argued that LSB galaxies’HI column density is too low for LSB galaxies to be damped Lyman-αabsorbers,at least at large (100+kpc)impact parameters (e.g.Zwaan,Verheijen,&Briggs 1999)6Karen O’Neil•LSB galaxies are not found when catalogs are examined to determine what galaxies may lie within the line-of-sight(e.g.Rao&Turnshek1998;Chen, et al.1998)•There have been a number of searches undertaken to identify known damped Lyman-αabsorbers with LSB galaxies which have failed(e.g.Rauch,Wey-man,&Morris1996)Recently,though,a variety of observations have been obtain which contra-dict the above arguments,and which can be used to argue that LSB systems are likely very important Lyman-αabsorbers.First,as was discussed in the last section,there appears to be a large number of massive LSB galaxies with am-ple gas at high(greater than100kpc)impact parameters.Additionally,there are clearly many LSB systems which have yet to be cataloged.And although many of these galaxies may not have extended high density gas,the gas density at the center of these systems is more than suﬃcient to account for the gas density observed in damped Lyman-αsystems.Finally,and perhaps most im-portantly,it should be pointed out that a number of recent observational studies have successfully identiﬁed LSB galaxies as the most likely producers of damped Lyman-αabsorption(e.g.Bowen,Tripp,&Jenkins2001;Steidel,et al.1994; Turnshek,et al.2001).As more observations are made,then,the possibility that LSB galaxies are signiﬁcant contributors to damped Lyman-αabsorption continues to increase.6.ConclusionAs has been discussed herein,the neutral hydrogen content of LSB galaxies covers a wide range.The total(HI)gas content of LSB galaxies range from less than108M⊙through1011M⊙,while the M HI/L B ratio ranged from less than1M⊙/L⊙through greater than10M⊙/L⊙(and possibly even greater than 100M⊙/L⊙–see Disney,et al.in these proceedings).Additionally,the impact parameter of LSB galaxies range from less 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