Text 3 The Virtues of Ambition
the virtues of aging
What do you think are the advantages and disadvantages of growing older?
• Advantages: • you can slow down the previous speeding life and lead a quiet , relaxing life. And then , you have more time to entertain yourself and find more fun that you had once ignored . You will come to realize what a wonderful world you are living in. Besides , you will care more about your families and cherish everyone around you ,which will make your family warm and united.
研究生英语教学大纲--最新
XX科技大学硕士研究生课程《第一外国语〔英语〕》教学大纲课程编号：S100001 课程名称：第一外国语〔英语〕课程性质：必修课开课学期：第一、二学期总学时数：72学时〔学硕〕 54学时〔专硕〕总学分构成：研究生综合英语2学分+研究生英语翻译2学分大纲说明一、本课程的性质与任务性质：非英语专业研究生的英语教学是高等教育的一个有机组成部分，英语课程是全院非英语专业研究生的一门必修基础课程，开课的时间为一学年，共100时，由外语系研究生英语教研室的教师负责教学。
英语教学应是以英语语言知识与应用技能、学习策略和跨文化交际为主要内容，以外语教学理论为指导，并集多种教学模式和教学手段为一体的教学体系，以便能培养出更多全面掌握英语、能够以英语为工具进行专业研究和工作的高级人才。
任务：非英语专业研究生英语教学的任务是使学生通过一个学年的英语知识和技能学习，并在不断地就听、说、读、写、译等5个方面进行综合训练的过程中，培养学生的英语语言综合的运用能力，为将来运用英语作为工具进行专业学习和研究做准备。
二、课程的重点、难点与前沿点重点：硕士生英语教学的重点是培养学生具有较熟练地阅读和翻译有关专业书刊，进行对外交流的能力，因此必须强调应用，结合专业特点，突出读、写、译训练。
按照语言教学的规律，听、说、读、写是相辅相成的，所以在突出读、写、译的同时，要注重听，说能力的培养，使学生的英语水平全面提高。
难点：把握各种英文语篇的结构、特征，了解不同题材文章的写法。
理清语篇大意和细节之间的关系，完成从语言表面理解到对整个语篇的理解的过渡。
加快从语言输入(阅读、听力理解)到语言输出(口语，翻译，写作)的转换，达到输出语言丰富，表达方式多样化。
前沿点：研究生英语教学要在帮助学生打好基础的同时，努力结合专业英语的特点，培养学生运用英语的能力。
专业英语知识的学习巩固和提高学生在基础英语学习阶段获得的能力，扩大专业词汇，保证大量的英语阅读和翻译实践，使学生能真正以英语为工具，熟练地获取和交流本专业所需的信息。
The Virtues of Ambition(周宏图英语阅读及练习题)
The V irtues of AmbitionJoseph EpsteinPara 1Ambition is one of those Rorschach (罗夏墨迹测验) words: define it and you instantly reveal a great deal about yourself. Event that most neutral of works, Webster’s, in its Seventh New Collegiate Edition, gives itself away, defining ambition first and foremost as “an ardent（强烈的）desire for rank, fame, or power.”Ardent immediately assumes a heat incommensurate with good sense and stability, and rank, fame, and power have come under fairly heavy attack for at least a century. One can, after all, be ambitious for the public good, for the alleviation of suffering, for the enlightenment of mankind, though there are some who say that these are precisely the ambitious people most to be distrusted.Para 2Surely ambition is behind dreams of glory, of wealth, of love, of distinction (名望), of accomplishment, of pleasure, of goodness. What life does with our dreams and expectations cannot, of course, be predicted. Some dreams, begun in selflessness, end in rancor; other dreams, begun in selfishness, end in large-heartedness. The unpredictability of the outcome of dreams is no reason to cease dreaming.Para 3To be sure, ambition, the sheer thing unalloyed by some larger purpose than merely clambering up, is never a pretty prospect to ponder. As drunks have done to alcohol, the single-minded have done to ambition – given it a bad name. Like a taste for alcohol, too, ambition does not always allow for easy satiation. Some people cannot handle it; it has brought grief to others, and not merely the ambitious alone. Still, none of this seems a sufficient cause for driving ambition under the counter.Para 4What is the worst that can be said – that has been said – about ambition? Here is a (surely) partial list: To begin with, it, ambition, is often antisocial, and indeed is now outmoded, belonging to an age when individualism was more valued and useful than it is today. The person strongly imbued with ambition ignores the collectivity; socially detached, he is on his own and out for his own. Individuality and ambition are firmly linked. The ambitious individual, far from identifying himself and his fortunes with the group, wishes to rise above it. The ambitious man or woman sees the world as a battle; rivalrousness is his or her principal emotion: the world has limited prizes tooffer, and he or she is determined to get his or hers. Ambition is, moreover, jesuitical: it can argue those possessed by it into believing that what they want for themselves is good for everyone – that the satisfaction of their own desires is best for the commonweal. The truly ambitious believe that it is a dog-eat-dog world, and they are distinguished by wanting to be the dogs that do the eating.Para 5From here it is but a short hop to believe that those who have achieved the common goals of ambition –money, fame, power –have achieved them through corruption of a greater or lesser degree, mostly a greater. Thus all politic ians in high places, thought to be ambitious, are understood to be, ipso facto, without moral scruples. How could they have such scruples –a weighty burden in a high climb – and still have risen as they have?Para 6If ambition is to be well regarded, the rewards of ambition –wealth, distinction, control over one’s destiny – must be considered worthy of the sacrifices made on am bition’s behalf. If the tradition of ambition is to have vitality, it must be widely shared; and it especially must be esteemed by people who are themselves admired, the educated not least among them. The educated not least because, nowadays more than ever before, it is they who have usurped the platforms of public discussion and wield the power of the spoken and written word in newspapers, in magazines, on television. In an odd way, it is the educated who have claimed to have given up on ambition as an ideal. What is odd is that they have perhaps most benefited from ambition – if not always their own then that of their parents and grandparents. There is a heavy note of hypocrisy in this: a case of closing the barn door after the horses have escaped – with the educated themselves astride them.Para 7Certainly people do not seem less interested in success and its accoutrements now than formerly. Summer homes, European travel, BMWs –the locations, place names and name brands may change, but such items do not seem less in demand today than a decade or two years ago. What has happened is that people cannot own up to their dreams, as easily and openly as once they could, lest they be thought pushing, acquisitive, vulgar. Instead we are treated to fine pharisaical spectacles, which now more than ever seem in ample supply: the revolutionary lawyer quartered in the $250,000 Manhattan luxurious apartment; the critic of American materialism with a Southampton summer home; the publisher of radical books who takes his meals in three-star restaurants; the journalist advocating participatory democracy in all phases of life, whose own children are enrolled in private schools. For such people and many more perhaps not so egregious,the proper formulation is, “Succeed at all costs but refrain from appearing ambitious.”Para 8The attacks on ambition are many and come from various angles; its public defenders are few and unimpressive, where they are not extremely unattractive. As a result, the support for ambition as a healthy impulse, a quality to be admired and inculcated in the young, is probably lower than it has ever been in the United States. This does not mean that ambition is at an end, that people no longer feel its stirrings and promptings, but only that, no longer openly honored, it is less often openly professed. Consequences follow from this, of course, some of which are that ambition is driven underground, or made sly, or perverse. It can also be forced into vulgarity, as witness the blatant pratings of its contemporary promoters. Such, then, is the way things stand: on the left angry critics, on the right obtuse supporters, and in the middle, as usual, the majority of earnest people trying to get on in life.Para 9Many people are naturally distrustful of ambition, feeling that it represents something intractable in human nature. Thus John Dean entitled his book about his involvement in the Watergate affair during the Nixon administration Blind Ambition, as if ambition were to blame for his ignoble actions, and not the constellation of qualities that make up his rather shabby character. Ambition, it must once again be underscored, is morally a two-sided street. Place next to John Dean Andrew Carnegie, who, among other philanthropic acts, bought the library of Lord Acton, at a time when Acton was in financial distress, and assigned its custodianship to Acton, who never was told who his benefactor was. Need much more be said on the subject than that, important though ambition is, there are some things that one must not sacrifice to it?Para 10But going at things the other way, sacrificing ambition so as to guard against its potential excesses, is to go at things wrongly. To discourage ambition is to discourage dreams of grandeur and greatness. All men and women are born, live, suffer, and die; what distinguishes us one from another is our dreams, whether they be dreams about worldly or unworldly things, and what we do to make them come about.Para 11It may seem an exaggeration to say that ambition is the linchpin of society, holding many of its disparate elements together. But it is not an exaggeration by much. Remove ambition and the essential elements of society seem to fly apart. Ambition, as opposed to mere fantasizing about desires, implies work and discipline to achieve goals, personal and social, of a kind society cannot survive without. Ambition is intimately connected with family, for men and women not only work partly for their families: husbands and wives are often ambitious for each other, but harbor some of their most ardent ambitions for their children. Y et to have a family nowadays –with birth control readily available, and inflation a good economic argument against having children –is nearly an expression of ambition in itself. Finally, though ambition was once the domain chiefly of monarchs and aristocrats, it has, in more recent times, increasingly become the domain of the middle classes. Ambition and futurity –a sense of building for tomorrow –are inextricable. Working, saving, planning –these, the daily aspects of ambition –have always been the distinguishing marks of a rising middle class. The attack against ambition is not incidentally attack on the middle class and what it stands for. Like it or not, the middle class has done much of society’s work in America; and it, the middle class, has from the beginning run on ambition.Para 12It is not difficult to imagine a world shorn of ambition. It would probably be a kinder world: without demands, without abrasions, without disappointments. People would have time for reflection. Such work as they did would not be for themselves but for the collectivity. Competition would never enter in. Conflict would be eliminated, tension become a thing of the past. The stress of creation would be at an end. Art would no longer be troubling, but purely celebratory in its functions. The family would become superfluous as a social unit, with all its former power for bring about neurosis drained away. Longevity would be increased, for fewer people would die of heart attack or stroke caused by tumultuous endeavor. Anxiety would be extinct. Time would stretch on and on, with ambition long departed from the human heart.Para 13Ah, how unrelievedly boring life would be!Please write a summary on the text you've just read.。
译文The Virtues of Ambition
野心的优点1.野心是罗夏墨迹测验的字眼之一：给它下个定义你立刻就流露出你很多的内心世界。
即使是最中立的著作，韦伯斯特的字典，新大学版第七版，也暴露出自己的观点，将“ambition”首先定义为：“追求官阶、名誉或权势的强烈欲望。
”于是乎“ardent”这个词直接承受一种压力，与褒义和恒心不再不相称，而官阶、名誉和权势至少受到百年猛烈的抨击。
毕竟是有人热衷于为民谋福利；为减轻民众的痛苦而奔走，为开发民智而雄心万丈，尽管有人说这些恰巧是野心勃勃的人，绝大多数不可信任。
2.毫无疑问，雄心大志期望的是荣耀、财富、爱情、名气、成就、享乐、完美。
当然，命运怎样对待我们的理想和期待不可预料。
有些梦想，始于大公无私的初衷，其结果是积怨结仇；有的梦想，起先纯粹是出干自谋私利，但到头来却称善于人梦想结果的不可预见性决不是停止梦想的理由。
3.诚然，说到野心，即使并不掺杂超过敢于向上爬这样目的的纯粹事情，也不会让人感到前程似锦。
如同酒鬼之嗜酒，执着的人怀有野心——使它声名狼藉。
就像嗜酒如命一样，野心也总是欲壑难填。
有些人不能控制野心；给他人带来灾难，这就不单单是野心人的问题。
虽然如此，这当中似乎没有一点充分的理由将野心驱逐到见不得人的暗处。
4.在人们数落野心的种种不是时，野心能坏到什么极至呢?兹列一份略带偏见的清单：首先，野心常常反社会，如今确实风光不再，它属于个人主义比今天更受重视和有用的年代。
具有强烈野心的人无视集体利益：与社会离心离德，惟我独尊，我行我素。
个人主义与个人野心紧密相连。
心怀野心的人，完全不把自己和自己的命运与团体等同起来，只想出人头地。
具有野心的男人或女人将世界视为战场：竞争是他们最重要的情感：世界提供了为数有限的奖项，他们也坚决要去摘取自己的桂冠。
进一步说，野心就是狡诈；它能劝服心怀此胎的人相信，他们为自己所做的事情对每个人都有好处——满足他们的私欲对国家最为有利。
真正的野心家认为这是一个狗咬狗的世界，与众不同的是他们要成为吃狗的狗。
《三国演义》故事梗概英语作文
《三国演义》故事梗概英语作文The Romance of the Three Kingdoms: A Tale of Warriors, Intrigue, and Unification.In the turbulent twilight of the Han dynasty, as chaos engulfed the land, the epic novel titled "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms" unfolded. This timeless masterpiece, attributed to the renowned Luo Guanzhong, chronicles the extraordinary lives of legendary warriors, cunning strategists, and enigmatic rulers who shaped the destiny of China during the tumultuous Three Kingdoms era.At the novel's heart lies the cataclysmic Yellow Turban Rebellion, a peasant uprising that sparked the empire's disintegration. As the Han court faltered, ambitious warlords rose from the ashes, each vying for dominion over vast swaths of territory. Among them emerged three formidable factions: the valiant forces of Liu Bei, the cunning legions of Cao Cao, and the formidable armies of Sun Quan.Liu Bei: The Virtuous Emperor.Liu Bei, a descendant of the imperial Liu clan, embodied the virtues of benevolence, loyalty, and righteousness. His unyielding spirit and unwavering determination to restore the Han dynasty invoked the hearts of countless followers. Despite facing insurmountable odds, Liu Bei rallied a band of sworn brothers, including the peerless strategist Zhuge Liang, the mighty warrior Guan Yu, and the impetuous hero Zhang Fei. Together, they embarkedon a perilous quest to unify the realm under Liu Bei's righteous rule.Cao Cao: The Ruthless Usurper.Cao Cao, a cunning and ruthless warlord, emerged as Liu Bei's most formidable adversary. His military brillianceand unwavering ambition propelled him to the forefront of the Three Kingdoms. Despite his ruthless tactics, Cao Cao demonstrated a keen eye for talent and a pragmatic approach to governance. His objective was not merely to conquer butto establish a new dynasty under his own dominion.Sun Quan: The Shrewd Ruler.Sun Quan, the younger brother of the warlord Sun Ce, inherited the mighty kingdom of Wu. Known for his wisdom and foresight, Sun Quan sought to balance the power of his rivals, allying with Liu Bei against Cao Cao and deftly playing both sides to his advantage.As the novel unfolds, these three factions engaged in a complex web of alliances, betrayals, and epic battles that reshaped the political landscape of China. From the Battle of Red Cliffs, where a brilliant ruse led to the defeat of Cao Cao's vast navy, to the tragic fall of Guan Yu, the story is replete with moments of triumph, despair, and human drama.Through the intertwining narratives of its myriad characters, "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms" explores the themes of loyalty, honor, and ambition. It illuminates the indomitable spirit of the Chinese people who, amidstchaos and strife, sought to forge a new era of peace and prosperity.Zhuge Liang: The Master Strategist.No character in the novel embodies wisdom and strategic acumen more than Zhuge Liang. As Liu Bei's primary advisor, Zhuge Liang devised ingenious plans and foresaw the movements of his enemies with uncanny precision. Hisloyalty to Liu Bei remained unwavering, and hiscontributions to the cause of unification were instrumental.Guan Yu: The Invincible Warrior.Guan Yu, renowned for his prowess in battle, became a legendary figure in Chinese history. His unyielding spirit, martial skills, and unwavering loyalty earned him the admiration and respect of friends and foes alike. Guan Yu's death at the hands of Sun Quan's forces remains a poignant moment in the novel, a testament to the tragedy of war and the fragility of alliances.Zhang Fei: The Reckless Hero.Zhang Fei, the third of Liu Bei's sworn brothers, embodied courage and impetuousness. His raw strength and fierce nature made him a formidable warrior, but his rash and impulsive actions often led to both victory and disaster. Despite his flaws, Zhang Fei's loyalty to Liu Bei and his willingness to fight for what he believed in made him a beloved character.The Legacy of the Three Kingdoms."The Romance of the Three Kingdoms" has had a profound impact on Chinese culture and history. Its characters and stories have become deeply embedded in the collective imagination, inspiring countless works of art, literature, and theater. The themes of loyalty, honor, and ambition continue to resonate with Chinese people today, serving as a timeless reminder of the complexities of human nature and the enduring power of the human spirit.Beyond its literary merits, the novel has also played asignificant role in Chinese political thought. Thecharacter of Cao Cao has been both admired and reviled,with some seeing him as a ruthless tyrant while others view him as a visionary leader. The novel's depiction of therise and fall of different factions has also been used to draw parallels to contemporary political events.In conclusion, "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms" is a captivating tale of war, intrigue, and the indomitablespirit of the Chinese people. Through its unforgettable characters, epic battles, and timeless themes, the novel continues to captivate readers around the world, offering a profound insight into the complexities of history, humanity, and the enduring power of storytelling.。
研究生英语翻译段落
1、(1)Undergraduates are searching for identity and meaning and, like the rest of us, they are torn by idealism of service on the one hand, and on the hand, the temptation to retreat into a world that never rises above self-interests.大学生们在寻求价值认同与生活的意义，并且正如我们其他人一样，令他们深感苦恼的是如何面对一方面是服务他人的理想主义，另一方面是遁入一个永远停留在自我利益的小圈子中的诱惑。
(2)Is it too much to expect that, even in this hard-edged, competitive age, a college graduate will live with integrity, civility - even compassion?即使在这样一个锐不可挡、竞争激烈的时代，期待大学生接受正直、礼貌，甚至同情心是不是要求过高?(3)Even what once seemed to be reasonably local matters --- zoning regulations, school desegregation, drainage problems public transportation issues, licensing requests from competing cable television companies-call for specialists who debate technicalities and frequently confuse rather than clarify the issues.甚至那些曾经理所当然地被认为属于地方性的事务——区域划分法规、废除学校种族隔离、下水道问题、公共交通问题、互相竞争的有线电视公司之间申请许可证等——都要求专家参与，他们讨论技术细节，但常常不仅没有阐明问题，反而把问题弄得一团糟。
text 3 the summary of the virtues of ambition
The Summary of the Virtues of AmbitionThe article mainly explains the virtues of ambition from the view of the ambition and society. firstly,it gives us some different definition of ambition;and the next it tells the ambitions from two angles,good and bad,and makes a crucial discussion of the relationship of ambition and the society.at last,the article talks the impaction that ambition effects the world.the way you personally define ambition will tell a lot about you, your dreams, your desire, your values, your philosophy, etc.the ambition was first and foremost defined as “an ardent desire for rank, fame, or power.”Surely ambition is behind dreams of glory, of wealth, of love, of distinction, of accomplishment, of pleasure, of goodness. You can’t imagine how pretty the ambition is !But the single-minded have done to ambition given it a bad name. ambition, is often antisocial ,out of date and ignores the collectivity.If ambition is to be well regarded, the ambition rewards us with wealth, distinction, co ntrol over one’s destiny,and especially benefits the educated.People are still interested in success and its accoutrements now, but cannot own up to their dreams, as easily and openly as once they could.The attacks on ambition are many and come from various angles,so the ambition is driven underground, or made sly, or perverse.Many people are naturally distrustful of ambition.It is stressed that the ambition ismorally a two-sided street,To discourage ambition is to discourage dreams of grandeur and greatness. And ambition is the linchpin of society,which is inextricable with futurity.It is not difficult to imagine a world shorn of ambition. It would probably be a kinder world ;without demands,without abrasions, and without disappointments. How unrelievedly boring life would be!。
The Virtues of Ambition
virtue = an advantage that makes something better or more useful than sth. else
Warm-up questions
1. What is ambition?
It is a strong desire to achieve something or determination to be successful, rich, powerful etc (Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English)
3. What is ambition surely behind dreams of?
Glory, wealth, love, distinction, accomplishment, pleasure, goodness.
Difficult sentences
• Define it and you instantly reveal a great deal about yourself. • The way you personally define ambition will tell a lot about you, your dreams, your desire, your values, your philosophy, etc. • Assumes a heat incommensurate with good sense and stability • Takes on a desire disproportionate to good sense and stability
Background information
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betray/reveal your dreams, your desire, your
values, your philosophy, etc.
give oneself / someone away: to betray oneself /someone; to tell people sth. Secret e.g. 1）The swindler(欺诈者) gave himself away
under heavy attack and has been given a bad name, it is by no means illegal and will exist forever.
Part II. paragraph 4-5
The worst that can be said about ambition.
discourage dreams of greatness. would be.
Part 5(para. 12-13) Ah, how unrelievedly boring life
Hale Waihona Puke Part I. (Para.
1 - 3):
Although for a long time ambition has come
when he was asked to establish his identity.
knows, but the look on her face when mentioned his name gave her away.
2）She really likes him and thinks no one
paraphrase
Surely ambition is behind dreams of glory, …
Ambition makes possible dreams of glory, … Ambition underlies dreams of glory, … Ambition is the true reason for dreams of glory, …
Joseph Epstein
a noted essayist, short story author and novelist, a prominent member of the literature faculty at Northwestern University. He won the Harold Washington Literary Award for the most prominent man or women of letters in Chicago.
The Structure of the text
Part Part Part Part Part
One ( para.1 to para3): Two (para. 4 to para.5): Three (para.6 to para.7): Four (para.8 to para.11): Five ( para.12 to para.13):
IV. Intensive reading
Part I. (Para.
1 - 3):
Although for a long time ambition has come
under heavy attack and has been given a bad name, it is by no means illegal and will exist forever.
Part III. paragraph 6-7
From what angle is ambition discussed in this part?
The author thinks if ambition is to have vitality, it must be widely shared and esteemed by people who are themselves admired. But strangely, those who enjoy the rewards of ambition have claimed to have given up on ambition as ideals.
Topic sentence in each parts:
Part 1 (para. 1-3) None of this seems a sufficient
cause for driving ambition under the counter. abut ambition? in this.
etc. in order to help the public, to ease human suffering, to enlighten mankind.
One can, after all, be ambitious for the public good,
after all: despite problem and doubt, (the fact is …) / in spite of any indications or expectations to the contrary e.g. Of
for the alleviation of suffering, for the enlightenment of mankind.
Despite distrust and doubt of ambition and ambitious people, the fact is that one can strive to be successful, rich powerful,
course I admire her –after all, she is a great politician.
Paragraph 2 Discussion
What do dreams of glory, wealth, love, distinction, accomplishment, pleasure, goodness come from? Ambition. No ambition, no dreams and no accomplishment.
Paragraph 1
What are the two different interpretations about ambition and ambitious people? 1) (Webster’s) ambition is an ardent desire for rank, fame and power What does it mean? It means that Ambition is incommensurate
Passage 3
The Virtues of Ambition
Contents
1. About the Author
2. Warming-up 3. Global Reading: structure 4. Intensive Reading: Details
I. About the author
Ardent immediately assumes a heat incommensurate with good sense and stability, …
Ardent is immediately regarded as a desire
disproportionate to/inconsistent with good sense and stability, … (Ardent is immediately thought of as having something to do with bad sense.)
distinction
1)quality of excellence; honor, mark of respect 2) classification of two or more; a clear difference between two similar things
e.g. He is a man of distinction in his own country. (quality of excellence) I had the great distinction of being invited to speak at the conference. (honor) Do other countries have the same distinction between amateur and professional? (difference)
(inconsistent) with good sense and stability
2)One can be ambitious for the public good, for the
alleviation of suffering and for the enlightenment of mankind
meaning of behind in the following sentences:
I knew what behind her smile was sadness. (hidden by) Marie Curie was the woman behind enormous changes in the science of chemistry. (responsible for ) He wondered what was behind his neighbor’s sudden friendliness. (the true reason for) We’re all behind you in this decision (in support of )