2020年GRE写作Issue考试部分真题及答案
2020年GRE模拟试题及答案(卷五)
2020年GRE模拟试题及答案（卷五）Investors are grateful that the attorney general has stepped in to pursue inquiries into misfeasance on the financial markets, given that the regulators officially charged with policing the industry have been _____.A：diffidentB：meticulousC：straightforwardD：implacableE：tenacious答案：AA significant element of the Gothic genre, the literary grotesque is sometimes inaccurately discussed as if it were a _____Gothic or, conversely, as if it were something entirely different from Gothic.A：synonym forB：characteristic ofC：counterweight toD：ramification ofE：deviation from答案：AIn his study of Senegambian cleric Shaykh Mass Kah (1827-1936), Bala S. K. Saho notes that it is difficult to fully (i) _____many of the oral accounts on which the study relies. Saho’s work shows, however, thatdespite this absence of (ii)_____ , oral history can provide useful sources from which historians can reconstruct the past.Blank (I)Blank (II)A：comprehend D：partialityB：reproduce E：argumentationC：validate F：corroboration答案：CFThe city’s traffic-planning department has been working hard to (i) _____drivers. Closely spaced stop lights have been added on roads into town, causing delays. Pedestrian underpasses designed to allow traffic to flow freely across major intersections have been (ii)_____ .Blank (I)Blank (II)A：assist D：enhancedB：calm E：stabilizedC：discourage F：removed答案：CFThe (i) _____current-generation solar cells are (ii)_____ : although experimental cells have reached efficiencies greater than 40 percent, most commercially available cells in the early part of the twenty-first century still struggle to get past about 20 percent.Blank (I)Blank (II)A：attractions of D：clearB：limitations of E：unmatchedC：improvements in F：misunderstood答案：BDEven those observers who are the most _____about genetic privacy issues would have to concede that genetic discrimination is rare: there have only been two cases of any notoriety.A：sanguineB：zealousC：candidD：objectiveE：apathetic答案：BShe constantly _____herself for not living up to her own ideals—for not working hard enough or not having motives that were pure enough.A：exaltedB：coddledC：excoriatedD：mollifiedE：deluded答案：CAncient cart ruts found on Malta were created in soft limestone that begins to dissolve when exposed to rainfall. Their forms thus necessarilybecome (i)_____over time and their original features are (ii)_____ .Blank (I)Blank (II)A：solidifed D：refinedB：degraded E：replicatedC：conspicuous F：obscured答案：BFMaking loans and fighting poverty are normally two of the least glamorous pursuits around, but remarkably enough put the two together, and you have an economic innovation that has become not just (i) _____but downright (ii) _____.Blank (I)Blank (II)A：popular D：chicB：pointless E：unfathomableC：dangerous F：sensible答案：ADConvinced of the gravity of her poetry, Voigt must have found the reviews of her most recent collection (i)_____ reading: one amused reviewer thought that it was unrecognizable as poetry but decidedly (ii)_____ .Blank (I)Blank (II)A：tempting D：inspiringB：depressing E：irritatingC：thrilling F：diverting答案：BFCommon and easily accessible resources (prey for predators or hosts for parasites) should be, all other things being equal, used frequently, yet in some environments apparently accessible and suitable resources remain _____.A：vulnerableB：unobtainableC：sustainableD：depletedE：unexploited答案：EEven though the authors repeatedly_____ their own shrewdness, they show a remarkable credulousness toward far-fetched ideas such as carbon-eating trees and cloud-making machinery.A：soft-pedalB：extolC：deprecateD：broadenE：compromise答案：BThe (i)_____ of molecular oxygen on Earth-sized planets aroundother stars in the universe would not be (ii)_____sign of life: molecular oxygen can be a signature of photosynthesis(a biotic process) or merely of the rapid escape of water from the upper reaches of a planetary atmosphere (an abiotic process).Blank (I)Blank (II)A：dearth D：a controversialB：presumption E：an unambiguousC：detection F：a possible答案：CEIn reviewing cases decided by lower courts, Supreme Court justices search for precedents to justify their arguments. Reliance on precedent (i)_____ judicial restraint: the precedent (ii)_____ a judge’s ability to determine the outcome of a case in a way that he or she might choose if there were no precedent.Blank (I)Blank (II)A：promotes D：establishesB：compromises E：constraintsC：promulgates F：prioritizes答案：AEAs he has matured as a scholar, Felmar has come to see the merit of qualification. His conclusions, which early in his career he (i) _____, are now often (ii) _____.Blank (I)Blank (II)A：stated as absolute D：hedgedB：refused to reveal E：simplifiedC：backed up extensively F：reiterated答案：ADThe inconspicuous location and lack of striking vistas that characterize the villa reflect the_____ aspect of its creator’s personality.A：volatileB：grandioseC：gregariousD：self-effacingE：imperious答案：DThe chairman, faced with the need to forge a consensus on a number of proposals,acknowledged that it would be difficult to reconcile the push for a radical overhaul with the stance of those who want _____change.A：deliberateB：indiscriminateC：genuineD：immediateE：wholesale答案：ARecently released statistics on the prevalence of heart disease in the United States, while (i)_____ , nevertheless reflect a decline from heights reached in the 1960s, before health officials began publicly (ii)_____ people to guard against heart disease.Blank (I)Blank (II)A：definite D：entreatingB：sobering E：defyingC：implausible F：absolving答案：BDThe humor in this play derives from its (i)_____ . The new production, however, inexplicably goes in the opposite direction; it is so (ii)_____ that the audience does not even seem to realize that the play is supposed to be a comedy.Blank (I)Blank (II)A：verbal nimbleness D：accessibleB：political allusions E：ploddingC：deadpan dialogue F：implausible答案：AETo say the actors were (i)_____ their director is an understatement: a director who is visibly bored by his cast and their performances is hard to (ii)_____ .Blank (I)Blank (II)A：disappointed in D：lambastB：accepting of E：displeaseC：motivated by F：suffer答案：BFWhen pulsars were first discovered, some of the astrophysicists involved briefly (i)_____ these types of stars might be (ii)______extraterrestrial intelligence. Specifically, the pulsar’s periodic radiation pattern was initially interpreted as (iii)______ rather than—as it turned out to be—the natural product of the spinning of a neutron star.Blank (I)Blank (II)Blank (III)A：ignored whether D：suggestive of G：a deliberate hoaxB：thought that E：unrelated to H：an episodic phenomenonC：disavowed that F：evidence against I：a constructed code答案：BDIThere has been great enthusiasm in the United States for reducing fossil fuel dependence by increasing production of biofuels from crops such as corn and switchgrass, but this (i)_____ about biofuel’s potential should be (ii)_____ by a realistic appraisal of the costs and challenges of biofuel production.Blank (I)Blank (II)A：forbearance D：temperedB：exuberance E：delineatedC：obduracy F：exacerbated答案：BDUntil now,old snapshots and home movies faded and crumbled and were eventually (i)_____.Only a few precious mementos were preserved and passed along. But as photography moves into the digital realm, family albums and home videos seem capable of (ii)_____: our capacity to store them is, for all practical purposes, approaching the infinite. Is such a transformation a good thing? The natural world teaches us that (iii)_____ are vital to ecological health. Does a similar principle apply to communal memory?Blank (I)Blank (II)Blank (III)A：archived D：transmission G：death and decayB：discarded E：immortality H：predator and preyC：reproduced F：revolution I：reproduction and renewal答案：BEGThe threat of litigation makes the art authentication industry _____ realm: connoisseurs refuse to communicate in writing and confidential agreements bind authenticators to silence.A：an opportunisticB：a clandestineC：a moralizingD：a xenophobicE：an anarchistic答案：BRecent research runs counter to the long-cherished notion that a small drop in body temperature during and after surgery is either _____ or actually protects the patient by slowing metabolism and reducing the body’s demand for blood and oxygen.A：beneficialB：immaterialC：inconsequentialD：preventiveE：prophylacticF：redundant答案：BCThe automation of many of the functions performed at the factory, although initially inspiring_____ in many of the company’s employees, has had none of the deleterious effects forecast either within or beyond the organization.A：indifferenceB：optimismC：ambitionD：arroganceE：trepidation答案：EOne thing both authors have in common is a striking amount of _____: they claim to know how massive institutions, some of them richly endowed, all of them central to American society and culture, should be reshaped.A：hubrisB：proprietyC：biasD：prescienceE：indolence答案：AMaking the shift to the 90-nanometer manufacturing process has been (i) _____for semiconductor companies. This process effectively doubles the manufacturing capacity of the industry, but it (ii)_____ enormous technical challenges because some components of the new semiconductor chips are no more than five to seven molecules thick.Blank (I)Blank (II)A：an unanticipated boon D：circumventsB：a routine accomplishment E：entailsC：a significant struggle F：resolves答案：CEThere has been (i) _____elephant’s fabled mental capacities until recently, when these behavioral observations have begun to be (ii) _____by brain science. MRI scans of an elephant’s brain suggest that even relative to its overall size it has a large hippocampus, the component in the mammalian brain linked to memory and an important part of its limbic system, which is involved in processing emotions.Blank (I)Blank (II)A：surprising credence given to D：buttressedB：a widespread dismissal of E：anticipatedC：only anecdotal evidence for F：overwhelmed答案：CDThe description of Green’s scholarship as (i)_____ is grossly misleading: while her research on interstellar particles is not especially novel, the conclusions she draws from her data are (ii)_____ .Blank (I)Blank (II)A：esoteric D：remarkably pioneeringB：tendentious E：dubiously supportedC：derivative F：strangely comforting答案：CDThe brain has become, for many people, _____ the biologicalmachinations of the self, and the self-knowledge promised by neuroscience has ignited a hunger to understand how new findings weigh in on age-old questions.A：tantamount toB：synonymous withC：implicated inD：divorced fromE：detached fromF：subservient to答案：ABIf you follow your intuition, you will more often than not err by misclassifying a random event as (i)_____. We are far too willing to (ii)_____ the belief that much of what we see in life is random.Blank (I)Blank (II)A：uncharacteristic D：countenanceB：systematic E：rejectC：arbitrary F：champion答案：BEWithin the culture as a whole, the natural sciences have been so successful that the word “scientific”is often used in (i)_____ manner: it is often assumed that to call something “scientific”is to imply that its reliability has been (ii)_____ by methods whose results cannotreasonably be (iii)_____.Blank (I)Blank (II)Blank (III)A：an ironic D：maligned G：exaggeratedB：a literal E：challenged H：anticipatedC：an honorific F：established I：disputed答案：CFIThe researcher found that in assessing others, many people hold an unconscious view that competence and warmth are (i)_____: when they perceive a person to be highly capable, they infer that he or she must have a tendency to be (ii)_____.Blank (I)Blank (II)A：equally important D：ambitiousB：mutually reinforcing E：unfeelingC：inversely related F：disingenuous答案：CEThe era’s examples of _____ that are cited by the author can be balanced in part by certain examples of dissent during the same period.A：diversityB：authoritarianismC：forbearanceD：volatilityE：lucidity答案：BThe researcher noted that microbes, although _____, make up far more of the living protoplasm on Earth than all humans, animals and plants combined.A：invisibleB：omnipresentC：diminutiveD：ubiquitousE：minusculeF：ethereal答案：CEAerial viewings of the gigantic stone horse attributed to the Native American Quechuan people fail to _____ the considerable artistry required to create the piece: the horse appears crudely constructed unless carefully examined from the ground.A：revealB：justifyC：manifestD：mitigateE：diminishF：undercut答案：ACHarper Lee’s narration in To Kill a Mockingbird is _____, mixing an adult’s and a child’s perspective according to no logic other than the immediate exigencies of the plot.A：a paradigmB：a hodgepodgeC：a modelD：an innovationE：a patchworkF：an embarrassment答案：BEChanges made to ecosystem in order to achieve a goal, such as food production or flood control, often _____ significant unforeseen trade-offs between other important products and service the ecosystems provide.A：predictB：delayC：foretellD：obscureE：yieldF：engender答案：EFThe (i)_____ of molecular oxygen on Earth-sized planets aroundother stars in the universe would not be (ii)_____ sign of life: molecular oxygen can be a signature of photosynthesis (a biotic process) or merely of the rapid escape of water from the upper reaches of a planetary atmosphere (an abiotic process).Blank (I)Blank (II)A：dearth D：a controversialB：presumption E：an unambiguousC：detection F：a possible答案：CEThe painter’s problem, like that of an author whose early literary masterpiece exhausts the themes it embodies, is how to_____his first highly acclaimed efforts with works of comparable significance and presence.A：combineB：illuminateC：realizeD：amendE：follow答案：ESince many African farmers face a soil fertility problem, providing funding for fertilizer seems_____ ; closer examination of the data raises some troubling questions, however.A：imprudentB：expensiveC：unimpeachableD：modernE：worrisome答案：CIn years prior to the Civil War, Philadelphia’s African American press encouraged readers to be vaccinated against the smallpox.This journalistic campain was initially (i)_____,appealing to readers’sense of communal duty, and became even more(ii)_____once the war started, as smallpox outbreaks began to occur on Philadelphia’s city skirts.Blank (I)Blank (II)A：hortatory D：controversialB：ineffective E：urgentC：widespread F：inopportune答案：AEA hallmark of certain nineteenth-century mystery novels was the reform agenda of their authors, who ostensibly sought to expose economic injustice while depicting the seamy underside of urban life. In reality, however,these claims to a radical political agenda were often (i)_____, meant to give lurid thrillers the appearance of (ii)_____.Blank (I)Blank (II)A：authentic D：escapist appealB：complicated E：high-minded purposeC：disingenuous F：gripping suspense答案：CEIt remains a mystery how Theobroma cacao, which scholars believe originated in lowland Amazonia, was introduced to tropical Mesoarnerica. It must have been a (i)_____process: cacao trees do not easily sprout from seed,need years to mature, and grow only in humid lowland forest. Moreover, in a tropical climate, cacao pods spoil quickly,rendering their transport from lowland Amazonia to tropical Mesoamerica in a single journey by foot or canoe (ii)_____.Blank (I)Blank (II)A：clandestine D：unlikelyB：protracted E：redundantC：spontaneous F：expeditious答案：BDUnlike some mammals—cows and sheep, for instance—that are notably _____, lions have a wide range of facial expressions.A：tractableB：impassiveC：solitaryD：socialE：sluggish答案：BThe research on otters’environmental requirements is surprisingly (i)_____. One reason for this has to do with the estimation of how much they use different areas. Doing so may be (ii)_____ in some kinds of terrain, such as Shetland where the Eurasian otters are active in daytime and have clear individual markings. There it is possible to identify the individuals over stretches of coast of a few kilometers and to see what kinds of coast they use. However, the field conditions are (iii)_____.Blank (I)Blank (II)Blank (III)A：straightforward D：quite problematic G：routineB：controversial E：relatively simple H：deceptiveC：difficult F：largely unnecessary I：exceptional答案：CEIEarly practitioners of the natural sciences developed methods to remove distortions caused by either the research environment or the researcher. Such methods, especially with respect to the researcher, were considered to (i)_____ those (ii)_____ subjectivity whose unbridled expression was thought to (iii)_____ research.Blank (I)Blank (II)Blank (III)A：restrain D：incursions of G：corruptB：reveal E：restrictions on H：justificationC：disguise F：acknowledgements of I：expedite答案：ADGAlthough one can adduce myriad of examples of ecosystem disruption by nonindigenous species, nevertheless most introduced species that survive in fact appear to have quite _____ effects on the ecosystem they have invaded.A：minimalB：triflingC：markedD：conspicuousE：intriguingF：deleterious答案：ABAt Cerro Portezuelo, the task of separating grinding tools from the larger collection of excavated stone objects was (i)_____ the ancient practice of recycling grinding tool fragments for building materials, hammer stones, and other purposes that (ii)_____ their original use.Blank (I)Blank (II)A：complicated by D：complementedB：important to E：obscuredC：independent from F：underscored答案：AEThe researcher noted that microbes, although _____, make up far more of the living protoplasm on Earth than all humans, animals and plants combined.A：invisibleB：omnipresentC：diminutiveD：ubiquitousE：minusculeF：ethereal答案：CEAerial viewings of the gigantic stone horse attributed to the Native American Quechuan people fail to _____ the considerable artistry required to create the piece: the horse appears crudely constructed unless carefully examined from the ground.A：revealB：justifyC：manifestD：mitigateE：diminishF：undercut答案：ACHarper Lee’s narration in To Kill a Mockingbird is _____, mixing anadult’s and a child’s perspective according to no logic other than the immediate exigencies of the plot.A：a paradigmB：a hodgepodgeC：a modelD：an innovationE：a patchworkF：an embarrassment答案：BEChanges made to ecosystem in order to achieve a goal, such as food production or flood control, often _____ significant unforeseen trade-offs between other important products and service the ecosystems provide.A：predictB：delayC：foretellD：obscureE：yieldF：engender答案：EFThe (i)_____ of molecular oxygen on Earth-sized planets around other stars in the universe would not be (ii)_____ sign of life: molecularoxygen can be a signature of photosynthesis (a biotic process) or merely of the rapid escape of water from the upper reaches of a planetary atmosphere (an abiotic process).Blank (I)Blank (II)A：dearth D：a controversialB：presumption E：an unambiguousC：detection F：a possible答案：CEOne of the peculiarities of humans is that we irrationally gravitate to the predictable and avoid risk, whatever the reasons for this _____, it is hardly a sound basis for dealing with complex, long-term problems A：eccentricityB：predilectionC：vacillationD：proclivityE：waveringF：cowardice答案：BDIn protoscientific (for example, in ancient Greece), claims about the physical world were often accepted as true if they were reasonable; experimental verification, if thought necessary at all, was _____.A：utilitarianB：perfunctoryC：egregiousD：empiricalE：inductive答案：BAlthough scientific progress leads to constant revision of ideas, one observation that has remained _____ over the years is that there are a lot of insects in the world: some 950,000 species have been identified.A：robustB：significantC：strongD：perplexingE：confoundingF：obscure答案：ACIn the discussions on international patent law, many (i)_____ issues will probably be pushed far into the future. This cautious approach makes diplomatic sense, since attempts over the past 15 years to reach international agreements on patents have (ii)_____ just such sensitive issuesBlank (I)Blank (II)A：contentious D：approachedB：stimulating E：articulatedC：subjective F：foundered on答案：AFIn the northeastern United States, beaver populations had been critically reduced or even _____ in large areas at the end of nineteenth century; as a result, several states instituted prohibitions on beaver trapping.A：diminishedB：extirpatedC：eliminatedD：devaluedE：weakenedF：underrated答案：BCViewing people as ‘’social atoms’’that obey rather simple rule (which are not unlike the laws of physics), one may discover certain (i)_____. Take, for example, the way channels emerge when people move in crowds. In the midst of initially (ii)_____ movements, one person begins to follow another—in an effort to avoid collisions—and streams of movement emerge. As more people join in, there is greater pull on others to join the flow, and the particular channels become (iii)_____.Blank (I)Blank (II)Blank (III)A：apparent contradictions D：inflexible G：self-defeatingB：unproductive tendencies E：straightforward H：self-aggrandizing C：lawlike regularities F：chaotic I：self-perpetuating答案：CFIGiven children’s active fantasy lives, one might think of truthfulness as (i)_____ virtue in young children, but it turns out that lying is the more (ii)_____ skill. A child who is going to lie must recognize the truth, intellectually conceive of an alternate reality, and be able to convincingly sell that new reality to someone else. Therefore, lying (iii)_____ cognitive development and social skills in a way that honesty simply does not.Blank (I)Blank (II)Blank (III)A：an instinctive D：advanced G：underminesB：an acquired E：practical H：forgoesC：a conscious F：mundane I：demands答案：BDIAfter rising continuously over the summer, commodity prices fell, leaving analyst wondering whether the downward trend is a turning point or merely a _____ before demand picks up in the winter months.A：spikeB：upsurgeC：harbingerD：portentE：lullF：respite答案：EFThe juxtaposition of fertile alluvial soils originating in the Andes with the infertile inland soils of central Amazon Basin is one example of _____ of the soil conditions that can be found in the tropics.A：intractabilityB：heterogeneityC：incompatibilityD：disparatenessE：instabilityF：fragility答案：BDHis new role gives the normally clownish actor achance to impress audiences with his (i)_____. He is among the most uninhibited comic performers around, but here he buttons his lip and stares straight ahead.Perhaps without quite knowing it, the audience waits for a wink, a hint that some of the (ii)_____ spirit that animated his previous movies might be lurking inside the (iii)_____ manner he presents in this film.Blank (I)Blank (II)Blank (III)A：raillery D：madcap G：facetiousB：effusiveness E：lugubrious H：reserved C：forbearance F：edifying I：beguiling答案：CDH。
英语证书考试美国研究生入学考试GRE模拟题2020年(8)_真题(含答案与解析)-交互
英语证书考试美国研究生入学考试（GRE）模拟题2020年(8)(总分100, 做题时间225分钟)阅读理解. ①**munities are dependent on plants for organic matter. ②Plants provide organic matter for **munities through the decomposition of leaf litter, by oozing nutrients from roots, or through other methods of deposition of **pounds into the soil environments. ③As a result of these diverse methods by which plants supply resources, unique**munities form under different plant species and under **munities that differ in composition. ④If a nonnative plan t species invades an above-**munity of flora and fauna, it can alter links between the native above-**munity and the below-ground **munity. ⑤For example, an invading nonnative plant could alter the quantity of leaf litter production, which would alter nutrient contributions to the soil.SSS_MULTI_SELAABBCC分值: 4答案:B,CB、C：植物给土壤提供资源的方式可以定位在第②句，选项B、C均可在这句话中找到对应。
2020年大陆地区GRE写作部分真题及答案
2020年大陆地区GRE写作部分真题及答案2020年3月18日Argument大陆地区考题。
题库第60题。
60. The following appeared in a letter from a firm providing investment advice for a client."Most homes in the northeastern United States, where winters are typically cold, have traditionally used oil as their major fuel for heating. Last heating season that region experienced 90 days with below-normal temperatures, and climate forecasters predict that this weather pattern will continue for several more years. Furthermore, many new homes are being built in the region in response to recent population growth. Because of these trends, we predict an increased demand for heating oil and recommend investment in Consolidated Industries, one of whose major business operations is the retail sale of home heating oil."Write a response in which you examine the stated and/or unstated assumptions of the argument. Be sure to explain how the argument depends on these assumptions and what the implications are for the argument if the assumptions prove unwarranted.解析Step One文章共4句话，各自的核心意思是：1、美国东北部绝大部分家庭用燃油取暖;2、上个取暖季经历了90天低于常温的气候，以及未来将会持续若干年;3、此外，因为人口增长，很多新的房屋正在被建造;4、所以，我们预测燃油需求会增加以及投资C公司，它的业务之一是销售家庭用燃油。
GRE写作-ISSUE
ISSUE写作“1+5”写作模型：1个写作套路加上5种题目分析类型及各自相应的分析切入点。
从分析切入点着手，找到自己的写作思路，再整理出提纲和写作框架。
（1）1个写作套路指的是在文章的正文部分，分正反两个方面展开写作的行文思路或结构。
对所有题目，都可以有条件的同时支持和反对，从而两面兼顾，从两方面同时展开分析注：对于ISSUE作文，一定要从两方面来写（2）5种题目分析类型.A 因果类题目（通常蕴含或提出某种因果关系）切入点：这个因果关系推理中的原因是否成立；假设这个原因成立，能否推出结果？B 建议类题目（通常提出了某种解决问题的办法或建议）切入点：题目中的建议可行性如何；如果实施题目中的建议，是否会导致同初始目的相矛盾或其他荒谬的结果有无替代或折中方案C 是非类题目（提出或蕴含了某种好坏、是非的价值判断）切入点：这种价值判断的标准是什么？这种价值判断的标准是否值得修正？D 定义类（提出或蕴含了一个或多个定义）切入点：单纯类定义类题目：题目中的定义是否抓住了问题的本质；能否给出自己的、更为恰当的定义结合式定义类题目：能否给出自己的更为恰当的定义？E 事实类题目（指出一个或多个事实（非公认的，可反复证实或证伪的现象））切入点：能否从公认的原则或事实中推出相反的判断？能否举出反例。
注意事项：1、留意题中是否有逻辑陷阱（如偷换、以偏概全、有问题的假设等）2、留意题目中可同时归属不同类别，多角度分析3、文章的中心思想/论点一定是在有了正文的三个意群段之后，自然而然总结出来的。
4、对于套叠式多角度分析题目，学会多层次切入分析（3）运用该模型步骤：先提正，在求反，因人因题合、反、散。
步骤：1、拿到ISSUE题目，归具体题目类型2、可在某种角度/程度上，同意题目中的立场（先提正）3、从各类型题目各自的分析切入点入手，分析得出反对意见，修正题目所陈述的观点和体现的思路（在求反）4、结合具体题目的特点和自己对该题目的分析、驾驭能力，确定是将上面一正、一反两方面综合起来阐述（合：正反一起说），还是再提出一个对题目所持立场的反对意见来进行修正（反），或是从一个相关角度将问题发散开来阐述（散）5、最后，提出文章的中心思想/论点，即最后写。
GRE作文分类题库——ISSUE
一教育类1. A nation should require all its students to study the same nationalcurriculum until they enter college rather than allow schools in differentparts of the nation to determine which academic courses to offer.”2. While some leaders in government, sports, industry, and other areasattribute their success to a well-developed sense of competition, a societycan better prepare its young people for leadership by instilling in them asense of cooperation.3. In order to improve the quality of instruction at the college anduniversity level, all faculty should be required to spend time workingoutside the academic world in professions relevant to the courses theyteach.4. Universities should require every student to take a variety of coursesoutside the student’s field of study because acquiring knowledge ofvarious academic disciplines is the best way to become truly educated.5. Colleges and universities should offer more courses on popular music,film, advertising, and television because contemporaryculture has muchgreater relevance for students than do arts and literature of the past.6. It is primarily through formal education that a culture tries toperpetuate the ideas it favors and discredit the ideas it fears.7. Some educational systems emphasize the development of students’capacity for reasoning and logical thinking, but students would benefitmore from an education that also taught them to explore their own emotions.8. It is often asserted that the purpose of education is to free the mindand the spirit. In reality, however, formal education tends to restrain ourminds and spirits rather than set them free.9. How children are socialized today determines the destiny of society.Unfortunately, we have not yet learned how to raise children who can helpbring about a better society.10. Both parents and communities must be involved in the local schools.Education is too important to leave solely to a group of professionaleducators.11. The purpose of education should be to provide students with a valuesystem, a standard, a set of ideas—not to prepare them for aspecific job.12. Society should identify those children who have special talents andabilities and begin training them at an early age so that they caneventually excel in their areas of ability. Othervise, these talents arelikely to remain undeveloped.13. Although innovations such as video, computers, and the internet seem tooffer schools improved methods for instructing students, these technologiesall too often distract from real learning.二学习类1. We can usually learn much more from people whose views we share thanfrom people whose vies contradict our own. Disagreement can cause stressand inhibit learning.2. No field of study can advance significantly unless outsiders bring theirknowledge and experience to that field of study.3. Anyone can make things bigger and more complex. What requires realeffort and courage is to move in the opposite direction-in other words, tomake things as simple as possible.4. Students should memories facts only after they have studied the ideas,trends, and concepts that help explain those facts. Studentswho havelearned only facts have learned very little.5. Scholars and researches should not be concerned with whether their workmakes a contribution to the larger society. It is more important that theypursue their individual interests, however unusual or idiosyncratic thoseinterests may seem.6. In any academic area or professional field, it is just as important torecognize the limits of our knowledge and understanding as it is to acquirenew facts and information.7. Facts are stubborn things. They cannot be altered by our wishes, ourinclinations, or the dictates of our passions.8. Students should bring a certain skepticism to whatever they study. Theyshould question what they are taught instead of accepting it passively.9. There is no such thing as purely objective observation. All observationis subjective; it is always guided by the observer’s expectations ordesires.10. The human mind will always be superior to machines because machines areonly tools of human minds.11. Critical judgment of work, in any given field has littlevalue unlesscomes from someone who is an expert in that field.12. People who pursue their own intellectual interests for purely personalreasons are more likely to benefit the rest of the world than are peoplewho try to act for the public good.13. Originality does not mean thinking something that was never thoughtbefore; it means putting old ideas together in new ways.14. The study of ac academic discipline alters the way we perceive theworld. After studying the discipline, we see the same world as before, butwith different eyes.15. The way students and scholars interpret the materials they work with intheir academic fields is more of personality than of training. Differentinterpretations come about when people with different personalities look atexactly the same objects, facts, data, or events and see different things.16. As we acquire more knowledge, things do not become more comprehensible,but more complex and more mysterious.17. It is a grave mistake to theorize before one has data.三行为类1. Although many people think that the luxuries and conveniences ofcontemporary life are entirely harmless, they in fact, prevent people fromdeveloping into truly strong and independent individuals.2. Public figures such as actors, politicians, and athletes should expectpeople to be interested in their private lives. When they seek a publicrole, they should expect that they will lose at least some of their privacy.3. Creating an appealing image has become more important in contemporarysociety than is the reality or truth behind that image.4. The concept of ‘individual responsibility’ is a necessary fiction.Although societies must hold individuals accountable for their own actions,people’s behavior is largely determined by forces not of their own making.5. People work more productively in teams than individually. Teamworkrequires cooperation, which motivates people much more than individualcompetition does.6. In any realm of life-whether academic, social, business, or political—the only way to succeed is to take a practical, rather than an idealistic,point of vies. Pragmatic behavior guarantees survival, whereas idealisticviews tend to be superceded by simpler, more immediateoptions.7. It is primarily through our identification with social groups that wedefine ourselves.8. Only through mistakes can there be discovery or progress.9. Most people recognize the benefits of individuality, but the fact isthat personal economic success requires conformity.10. People who are the most deeply committed to an idea or policy are themost critical of it.11. No amount of information can eliminate prejudice because prejudice isrooted in emotion, not reason.12. The most essential quality of an effective leader is the ability toremain consistently committed in pa r t i c u l a r p r i n c i p l e s a n d o b j e c t i v e s . A n y b r b d s f i d = " 2 0 0 " > l e a d e r w h o i s q u i c k l y a n d e a s i l y i n f l u e n c e d b y s h i f t s i n p o p u l a r o p i n i o n b r b d s f i d = " 2 0 1 " > w i l l a c c o m p l i s h l i t t l e . b r b d s f i d = " 2 0 2 " > 1 3 . S o m e t i m e s i m a g i n a t i o n i s a m o r e v a l u a b l e a s s e t t h a n e x p e r i e n c e . P e o p l e b r b d s f i d = " 2 0 3 " > w h o l a c k e x p e r i e n c e a r e f r e e t o i m a g i n e w h a t i s p o s s i b l e a n d t h u s c a n b r b d s f i d = " 2 0 4 " > a p p r o a c h a t a s k w i t h o u t c o n s t r a i n t s o f e s t a b l i s h e d h a b i t s a n d a t t i t u d e s . b r b d s f i d = " 2 0 5 " > 1 4 . I n a n y g i v e n f i e l d , t h e l e a d i n g v o i c e s c o m e f r o m p e o p l e w h o a r e b r b d s f i d = " 2 0 6 " > m o t i v a t e d n o t b y c o n v i c t i o n b u t b y t h e d e s i r e t o p r e s e n t op i n i o n s a n d i d e a s b r b d s f i d = " 2 0 7 " > t h a t d i f f e r f r o m t h o s e h e l d b y t h e m a j o r i t y . b r b d s f i d = " 2 0 8 " > 1 5 . I t i s a l w a y s a n i n d i v i d u a l w h o i s t h e i m p e t u s f o r i n n o v a t i o n ; t h e b r b d s f i d = " 2 0 9 " > d e t a i l s m a y b e w o r k e d o u t b y a t e a m , b u t t r u e i n n o v a t i o n r e s u l t s f r o m t h e b r b d s f i d = " 2 1 0 " > e n t e r p r i s e a n d u n i q u e p e r c e p t i o n o f a n i n d i v i d u a l . b r b d s f i d = " 2 1 1 " > 1 6 . S u c c e s s , w h e t h e r a c a d e m i c o r p r o f e s s i o n a l , i n v o l v e s a n a b i l i t y t o b r b d s f i d = " 2 1 2 " > s u r v i v e i n a n e w e n v i r o n m e n t a n d - - , e v e n t u a l l y , - - t o c h a n g e i t . b r b d s f i d = " 2 1 3 " > 1 7 . M o s t p e o p l e c h o o s e a c a r e e r o n t h e b a s i s o f s u c h p r a g m a t i c b r b d s f i d = " 2 1 4 " > c o n s i d e r a t i o n s a s t h e n e e d s o f t h e e c o n o m y , t h e r e l a t i v e e a s e o f f i n d i n g a b r b d s f i d = " 2 1 5 " > j o b , a n d t h e s a l a r y t h e y c a n e x p e c t t o m a k e . H a r d l y a n y o n e i s f r e e t o b r b d s f i d = " 2 1 6 " > c h o o s e a c a r e e r b a s e d o n h i s o r h e r n a t u r a l t a l e n t s o r i n t e r e s t i n a b r b d s f i d = " 2 1 7 " > p a r t i c u l a r k i n d o f w o r k . b r b d s f i d = " 2 1 8 " > 1 8 . I f a g o a l i s w o r t h y , t h e n a n y m e a n s t a k e n t o a t t a i n i t i s j u s t i f i a b l e . b r b d s f i d = " 2 1 9 " > 1 9 . P e o p l e o f t e n l o o k f o r s i m i l a r i t i e s , e v e n b e t w e e n v e r y d i f f e r e n t t h i n g s , b r b d s f i d = " 2 2 0 " > a n d e v e n w h e n i t i s u n h e l p f u l o r h a r m f u l t o d o s o . I n s t e a d , a t h i n g s h o u l d b r b d s f i d = " 2 2 1 " > b e c o n s i d e r e d o n i t s o w n t e r m s , w e s h o u l d a v o i d t h e t e n d e n c y t o c o m p a r e i t b r b d s f i d = " 2 2 2 " > t o s o m e t h i n g e l s e . b r b d s f i d = " 2 2 3 " > 2 0 . P e o p l e a r e m i s t a k e n w h e n t h e y a s s u m e t h a t t h e p r o b l e m s t h ey c o n f r o n t b r b d s f i d = " 2 2 4 " > a r e m o r e c o m p l e x a n d c h a l l e n g i n g t h a n t h e p r o b l e m s , f a c e d b y t h e i r b r b d s f i d = " 2 2 5 " > p r e d e c e s s o r s . T h u s i l l u s i o n i s e v e n t u a l l y d i s p e l l e d w i t h i n c r e a s e d b r b d s f i d = " 2 2 6 " > k n o w l e d g e a n d e x p e r i e n c e . b r b d s f i d = " 2 2 7 " > 2 1 . M o d e r a t i o n i n a l l t h i n g s i s i l l - c o n s i d e r e d a d v i c e . R a t h e r , o n e s h o u l d b r b d s f i d = " 2 2 8 " > s a y , M o d e r a t i o n s i s m o s t t h i n g s , s i n c e m a n y a r e a s o f h u m a n c o n c e r n b r b d s f i d = " 2 2 9 " > r e q u i r e o r a t l e a s t p r o f i t f r o m i n t e n s e f o c u s . b r b d s f i d = " 2 3 0 " > 2 2 . M o s t p e o p l e a r e t a u g h t t h a t l o y a l t y i s a v i r t u e . B u t l o y a l t y w h e t h e r b r b d s f i d = " 2 3 1 " > t o o n e s f r i e n d s , t o o n e s s c h o o l o r p l a c e o f e m p l o y m e n t , o r t o a n y b r b d s f i d = " 2 3 2 " > i n s t i t u t i o n i s a l l t o o o f t e n a d e s t r u c t i v e r a t h e r t h a n a p o s i t i v e f o r c e .。
GRE作文分类题库—ISSUE
GRE作文分类题库—ISSUE前言GRE作文是美国研究生入学考试中重要的组成部分，由于GRE作文在评分中占比较大的比重，因此考生需要在备考之前提前了解GRE作文的题目类型和考察方向，这样才可以有充分的准备和信心面对考试。
本文将为大家介绍GRE作文ISSUE题型，向大家展示常见的考察方向、题目模式以及一些备考建议。
什么是ISSUE题型？ISSUE题型是GRE作文中的一种常见题型，其主要考察考生对于某一主题的立场和看法，并要求考生在文章中提供足够的证据来支撑自己的观点，展示自己的逻辑和论述能力。
ISSUE题型通常包括以下三个要素：•题目陈述：题目会给出一个主观性较强的表述，要求考生就该表述发表自己的看法。
•分析要求：题目会就某一主题提出一系列问题，要求考生就这些问题进行分析。
•思考范围：题目会给出一个主题，要求考生就这一主题从多方面进行思考，并论述自己的观点。
在ISSUE题型中，考生需要将自己的观点和证据清晰表达出来，并表明自己对于该主题的态度和看法，同时，考生需要思考问题全面、立论充分、逻辑合理，并且给出具体和可行的实例。
常见的ISSUE题目类型ISSUE题目的主题比较广泛，测试考生在各种主题下进行思考和立论的能力。
以下列举一些常见的ISSUE题目类型，考生可以在此进行参考和备考，更好地为GRE作文ISSUE题型做好准备。
社会类1.人类生活是否需要个人道德的引导？2.社会上的贫富差距是否应得到重视？3.政府是否应该彻底取消福利制度？4.生育权是否应该在各国间得到保护？5.义务教育是否应该废除？政治类1.民主政治是否是当前的最佳选项？2.政府是否应该介入企业的内部管理？3.政府是否应该对教育进行干预？4.美国还需要维持其全球霸权地位吗？伦理类1.人类是否应该保护和维护环境？2.科技的发展是否应该因为道德原则受到限制？3.是否应该禁止人类克隆？教育类1.各国学生在智力和文化方面是否存在差异？2.在校学生是否应该得到免费的教育？3.考试和考试成绩是否是唯一的衡量学生能力的标准？4.在大学期间能否同时考虑工作和学业？上述问题不仅覆盖了政治、伦理、教育、社会等多个领域，而且这里展示的只是其中的部分，考生在掌握以上基本类型的基础上，需要进一步深入探究题目的推广方向，了解更多的考试内容。
2020年GRE模拟试题及答案(卷三)
2020年GRE模拟试题及答案（卷三）To call Kermode the finest English critic of his generation would be a ___ compliment, since not many of its population are professionally engaged in literary criticism.A. sincereB. backhandedC. paltryD. heartfeltE. meagerF. plausible选CE翻译：说K 是他这一代最好的英语作品批评家不算谬赞，因为该地区专门从事文学批评的人就不多。
sincere (感情、行为等)真诚的，(人)诚实直率的backhanded (体育)反手击的，拐弯抹角的，不直接的paltry 微不足道的，不重要的，无价值的，可鄙的heartfelf 衷心的，诚挚的meager 不足的，缺乏的，贫乏的，瘦的plausible 看似真实的，看上去想那么回事的，花言巧语的，口惠而实不至的解这道题，最大的障碍可能在于如何理解compliment 这个词。
compliment【MWC】an expression of esteem, respect, affection, or admiration especially : an admiring remark .【AHD】An expression of praise, admiration, or congratulation.恭维：赞美、羡慕或祝贺的表达方式【牛津高阶双解】expression of praise, admiration, approval, etc赞美﹑敬佩﹑赞成等的表示你当然不能说这样的解释有什么错，但下面这条解释无疑捅破了这层窗户纸。
【柯林斯高阶】A compliment is a polite remark that you say to someone to show that you like their appearance, appreciate their qualities, or approve of what they have done.compliment(s) 是一种礼貌性的说法，它意味着这种夸赞对方的话，有可能是真的，也可能是假的、虚的、社交场合的。
2024年GRE考试写作：Issue2
Because of television and worldwide computer connections, people can now become familiar with a great many places that they have never visited. As a result, tourism will soon become obsolete.
Admittedly, when many people question authority some societal harm might result, even if a social cause is worthy. Mass resistance to authority can escalate to violent protest and rioting, during which innocent people are hurt and their property damaged and destroyed. The fallout from the 1992 Los Angeles riots aptly illustrates this point. The authority which the rioters sought to challenge was that of the legal justice system which acquitted police officers in the beating of Rodney King. The means of challenging that authority amounted to flagrant disregard for criminal law on a mass scale--by way of looting, arson, and even deadly assault. This violent challenge to authority resulted in a financially crippled community and, more broadly, a turning back of the clock with respect to racial tensions across America.
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2020年GRE写作Issue考试部分真题及答案
本题是2020年3月12日，Issue考题。
题库第4题
4. Scandals are useful because they focus ourattention
on problems in ways that no speaker or reformer ever could.
Write a response in which you discuss theextent to which you agree or disagree with the claim. In developing andsupporting your position, be sure to address the most compelling reasons and/orexamples that could be used to challenge your position.
解析
观点：
过度丑闻有害，但是适当的丑闻还是好处更多。
理由：
1、对于丑闻的定义：一种被民众所大范围知晓的、不名誉或者
不合法的事件。
丑闻也许基于事实，也许基于虚假，或者是一种混合。
2、丑闻的好处：
(1) 政治领域：利于民主、自由
Water gate, white water
(2) 经济领域：增强监督，有利于食品健康、保护中小股东的利
益
Enron Corp, Nestle coffee
3、丑闻的弊端：(challenge)
(1) 基于虚假的丑闻可能会导致诽谤，
(2) 过度依赖丑闻会导致社会中个体间信任度下降，
(3) 故意利用丑闻来吸引注重，获得经济利益
Eldrick Tiger Woods, Scandal Economics
4、 Address the challenge
(1) 丑闻的弊端并未严重到需要停止丑闻，
(2) 丑闻弊端出现的，问题不在于丑闻本身，而是在于法律的不健全。
逐步完善法律才能减少过度丑闻的损害。
结论：
所以丑闻的好坏与否基于是否过度。
难点总结
本题不算高频，但在新老题库中长期存有。
本题也不算难，使用好All in One课上所讲解的“定义”等方法，就能有效应对。