(完整版)口译答案

Why are girls not as good at maths and science?Girls don't do as well at maths and science as boys. There are several reasons for this. The first and most important reason is that they aren't encouraged to play with toys that build up interest in mat hs and science problems and that build skills for problem solving or understanding how things wor k. Girls are encouraged to play with toys that foster language and human relations skills. As a resu lt, they can grow up not knowing how an engine works or how to build a model from directions.Second, studies have shown that teachers don't expect girls to be good at maths. Even female m aths and science teachers pay more attention to boys in class and call on boys more often. Because teachers don't expect girls to excel, they don't try very hard, and soon girls are far behind boys in t hese studies.Finally, girls don't have many role models to look up to. Not very many maths and science teach ers are women, especially in the later grades. When the media picture mathematicians and scientist s, they usually picture men. As a result, girls aren't inspired to choose these fields as careers.In summary, several factors work together in the home, in schools, and in society at large to se nd a subtle message to girls. Girls almost always get the message; as a result, few girls excel at ma ths and science.有偿搭车“上班族”借助网络发帖联络搭乘“顺风车”，这种出行方式(trip mode, transportation)最近在北京、上海、深圳等一些大中型城市开始流行起来。

一些网站还专门设立了相关的栏目，北京出现了全国第一家顺风车专业门户网站，有需求者只要将自己的出发地和目的地发布上网，就会很容易获得理想的搭乘机会。

除此之外，也有一些搭乘者是通过朋友介绍认识的。

与国外一些国家搭顺风车现象有所不同的是，按事先约定，国内的一些搭乘者会以现金或实物的形式给车主一定的补偿，而一些车主也将省钱和挣钱作为提供便利的目的之一。

面对越来越多的汽车污染以及日渐严重的交通压力，“顺风车”的出现无疑是件好事。

但随之而来的“有偿搭车”现象却引起了各方的不同看法。

对此持赞同意见的人认为应该提倡这种做法，因为它既方便了乘车人，也减轻了车主的经济负担，同时还能缓解城市交通压力；反对的人则认为私家车收费搭乘他人，严格意义上属于非法营运，由于它没有办理任何证件，干扰了正常的客运市场。

政府应加以严格管理；一些保险公司相关人士还认为，一旦发生事故，保险公司有权拒赔，理由是营运车风险比较大，同类型汽车的保险费收费标准，营运车辆要高于私家车。

1-中美两国生意人在商务沟通方式上的区别I think there are at least two differences in the way of business communication between Chinese a nd American businesspeople. First, Chinese businessmen tend to have business negotiations in a ra ther indirect manner, as opposed to the more direct manner of American businesspeople. The Chin ese take time to learn if their prospective business contacts are really reliable, for example, by invi ting them to a party and socializing with them. In contrast, American usually act with the “get-do wn-to-business-first” mentality. Second, the decision making process of Chinese companies is ge nerally slow and time-consuming. This is because most Chinese companies keep to the “bottom-up, then top-down and then bottom-up” decision-making principle which involves many people a t different levels. American companies, on the other hand, usually operate with quick decision ma de by the top management. I hope American businesspeople in China will understand these differences in business practices and adjust the Chinese way.2-中美管理模式的区别I would say the American-type, or the top-down, management emphasizes efficiency, and competition among workers, while the Chinese-type management gives priority to careful planning and encourages cooperation among workers, and between workers and the management. Thus, while the American-type management often frustrates many workers, the Chinese-type management gives workers a joy of participation and fulfillment, and s sense of pride in their work.3-中美员工的工作态度区别I think most Chinese view work as essential for having membership in a community. They believe that work allow them to have a sense of belonging in a community. In other words, work is necessary for them to gain social acceptance in the society. That is why many Chinese managers and employees work so hard to maintain their position in their company. Also, they see work as the most important thing in life. That is, they have tried to find the meaning of life through their jobs. While the Chinese work ethic is based on social pressure and community belonging, the American work ethic seems to be more individual oriented. Traditionally, we work because it is the will of God, and we often value the results and accomplishments of work more than its process. By the way, I’m very impressed by the obvious strong sense of dedication to the jobs among the older Chinese employees.4-评价中美不同经营之道的利弊It is difficult to decide which is better than which, because there are some merits and demerits to both types of management. My suggestion is that people of both countries should learn from each other. I will say that in recent years, the merits of the Chinese way, or rather, the Oriental way, of management are beginning to be recognized by an increasing number of people in the West. This more humane Oriental way of management seems to offer a great deal to the executives of our American industries. 三种错误的饭后习惯医生提醒人们，随着人们生活水平的逐渐提高，人们的保健意识也随之增强了，许多人认为饭后吃点水果是现代生活的最佳搭配。