数控加工外文翻译
数控专业英语
数控专业英语数控专业英语340个数控专业是一个与机器打交道的专业，当然也少不了英语的学习，以下是本店铺整理的数控专业英语，欢迎参考阅读!1、ROM n.只读存储器2、rotate v.旋转3、rotation n.旋转4、rotor n.转子5、rough adj.粗糙的6、RPM n.转/分7、RSTR（restart） v.重启动8、run v.运行9、sample n.样本，示例10、save v.存储11、save as 另存为12、scale n.尺度，标度13、scaling n.缩放比例14、schedule n.时间表，清单15、screen n.屏幕16、screw n.丝杠，螺杆17、search v.搜索18、second n.秒19、segment n.字段20、select v.选择21、selection n.选择22、self-diagnostic 自诊断23、sensor n.传感器24、sequence n.顺序25、sequence number 顺序号26、series n.系列，adj.串行的27、series spindle n.数字主轴28、servo n.伺服29、set v.设置30、setting n.设置31、shaft n.轴32、shape n.形状33、shift v.移位34、SIEMENSE（德国）西门子公司35、sign n.符号，标记36、signal n.信号37、skip v，n.跳步38、slave adj.从属的39、SLC n.小型逻辑控制器40、slide n.滑台，v.滑动41、slot n.槽42、slow adj.慢43、soft key n.软键盘44、software n.软件45、space n.空格，空间46、SPC n.增量式脉冲编码器47、speed n.速度48、spindle n.主轴49、SRAM n.静态随机存储器50、SRH（search） v.搜索51、start v.启动52、statement n.语句53、stator n.定子54、status n.状态55、step n.步56、stop v.停止，n.挡铁57、store v.储存58、strobe n.选通59、stroke n.行程60、subprogram n.子程序61、sum n.总和62、surface n.表面63、SV（servo） n.伺服64、switch n.开关65、switch off v.关断66、switch on v.接通67、symbol n.符号，标记68、synchronous adj.同步的69、SYS（system） n.系统70、system n.系统71、tab n.制表键72、table n.表格73、tail n.尾座74、tandem adv.一前一后，串联75、tandem control n.纵排控制（加载预负荷的控制方式）76、tank n.箱体77、tap n，v.攻丝78、tape n.磁带，纸带79、tape reader n.纸带阅读机80、tapping n.攻丝81、teach in 示教82、technique n.技术，工艺83、temperature n.温度84、test v，n.测试85、thread n.螺纹86、time n.时间，次数87、tolerance n.公差88、tool n.刀具，工具89、tool pot n.刀杯90、torque n.扭矩91、tower n.刀架，转塔92、trace n.轨迹，踪迹93、track n.轨迹，踪迹94、tranducer n.传感器95、transfer v.传输，传送96、transformer n.变压器97、traverse v.移动98、trigger v.触发99、turn v转动，n转，回合100、turn off v.关断101、turn on v.接通102、turning n.转动，车削103、unclamp v.松开104、unit n.单位，装置105、unload n.卸载106、unlock v.解锁107、UPS n.不间断电源108、user n.用户109、value n.值110、variable n.变量，adj.可变的111、velocity n.速度112、velocity loop n.速度环113、verify v.效验114、version n.版本115、vertical a.垂直的116、voltage n.电压117、warning n.警告118、waveform n.波形119、wear n，v.磨损120、weight n.重量，权重121、wheel n.轮子，砂轮122、window n.窗口，视窗123、workpiece n.工件124、write v.写入125、wrong n.错误，adj.错的126、year n.年127、zero n.零，零位128、zone n.区域129、increment n.增量130、incremental adj.增量的131、indeX 分度，索引132、initial adj.原始的133、initialization n.C523初始化134、initialize v.初始化135、input n.v.输入136、INS（） v.插入137、v.插入138、instruction n.说明139、interface n.接口140、internal adj.内部的141、interpolate v.插补142、interpolation n.插补143、interrupt v.中断144、interruption n.中断145、intervent n.间隔，间歇146、involute n.渐开线147、ISO n.国际标准化组织148、jog n.点动149、jump v.跳转150、key n.键151、keyboard n.键盘152、label n.标记，标号153、ladder diagram 梯形图154、language n.语言155、lathe n.车床156、LCD n.液晶显示157、least adj.最小的158、length n.长度159、LIB（library） n.库160、library n.库161、life n.寿命162、light n.灯163、limit n.极限164、limit switch n.限位开关165、line n.直线166、linear adj.线性的167、linear scale n.直线式传感器168、link n，v.连接169、list n，v.列表170、load n.负荷，v.装载171、local adj.本地的172、locate v.定位，插销173、location n.定位，插销174、lock v.锁定175、logic n.逻辑176、look ahead v.预，超前177、loop n.回路，环路178、LS n.限位开关179、LSI n.大规模集成电路180、machine n.机床，v.加工181、macro n.宏182、macro program n.宏程序183、magazine n.刀库184、magnet n.磁体，磁185、magnetic a.磁的186、main program n.主程序187、maintain v.维护188、maintenance n.维护189、MAN（manual） n.手动190、management n.管理191、manual n.手动192、master adj.主要的193、maX adj.最大的，n.最大值194、maXimum adj.最大的，n.最大值195、MDI n.手动数据输入196、meaning n.意义197、measurement n.测量198、memory n.存储器199、menu n.菜单200、message n.信息201、meter n.米202、metric adj.米制的203、mill n.铣床，v.铣削204、min adj.最小的，n.最小值205、minimum adj.最小的，n.最小值206、minus v.减，adj.负的207、minute n.分钟208、mirror image n.镜像209、miscellaneous function n.辅助功能210、MMC n.人机通讯单元211、modal adj.模态的212、modal G code n.模态G代码213、mode n.方式214、model n.型号215、modify v.修改216、module n.模块217、MON（monitor） v.监控218、monitor v.监控219、month n.月份220、motion n.运动221、motor n.电机222、mouse n.鼠标223、MOV（移动） v.移动224、move v.移动225、movement n.移动226、multiply v.乘227、N number n.程序段号228、N.M n.牛顿。
数控加工技术概述外文翻译、中英文翻译、外文文献翻译
原文：The digital control process technology is summarized1. digital control programming reaches such developmentThe digital control programming is the segment that be able to obviously bring into play the beneficial result in at the moment CAD/CAPP/CAM's system the most most , such is living to achieve to design the process automation and raise process accuracy and processes the quality and cuts down the product development cycle and so on the respect is brining into play the significant action . Being living possess the greats quantity applications such as aviation industry and auto industry and so on territorys . Since giving birth to the intense demand of practice , wide-ranging research has wholly been carried on to the digital control programming technique in the home and abroad , and acquires the plentiful and substantial fruit . The next reaches such to the digital control programming and develops to act as some to introduce .1.1 basic concept of digital control programmingThe digital control programming is through the spare parts drawings up the full process that obtains the digital control processing program . Its main mission is that the sword spot ( Cutterlocationpoint abbreviate CL's spot ) in the sword is processed away in the calculation .The point of intersection that sword the spot was oridinarily get to the cutting tool axial line against the cutting tool face still will be give out the sword shaft vector in much processs1.2 digital control programming technique development surveyMIT designed one kind of special language that is used in the inflexible spare parts digital control processing program establishments to the program problem in order to resolve in the digital control process , andis called APT ( AutomaticallyProgrammedTool ) in the 50's .Well-developed editions such as after APT time and again develops , takeed shape such as APTII and APTIII ( the stereoscopic cutting action is employd ) and APT ( the algorithm improves , add much coordinates surface processes the programming meritorous service capacity ) and APTAC ( Advancedcontouring ) ( add cuts the database administration system ) and APT/SS ( SculpturedSurface ) ( add engraves the camber processes the programming meritorous service capacity ) and so on .Adoping APT language drawing up digital control order to have easy the refineing of order , and gos away the strongs point such as sword control is agile and so on , and causes the digital control process the programming , and moves upward up yet possess much not suitable points to geometry element .APT through " assemble language " grade to the machine tool order : Adoping language definition spare parts geometry form shape , and is difficult to depict complex geometry form shape , and lack audio-visual quality of geometry ;The certification measure that the figure audio-visual that is short of to spare parts form shape and the cutting tool movement locus displays and the cutting tool locus ;Being difficult to effectively join with CAD's data bank and CAPP's system ;Not to act as easily up the high automation , the integrationizationIn view of the APT's language defect , in 1978 , France attained the system that the large rope airplane corporation starts development gathers assemble three dimensions design , analysis and NC's process integration , and is called in the interest of CATIA .Having ariseed alikely the systems such as EUCLID and NPU/GNCP and so on soon afterwards very quickly , the geometry moldswholly valid settlements of these systems and the spare parts geometry form shape display is designed mutually and mends generates the cutting tool locus , and the problems such as the imitation to go away the sword process displays and certification and so on promoteed CAD and CAM developing to the integration orientation . The approximately idea that system ( CIMS ) and parallel project ( CE ) was manufacture in the calculating machine integration take shape up the 80's gradually on the base that the CAD/CAM's integration being living is approximately attend school . At the moment , and the necessaries that CE developed in order to adapt to CIMS , the digital control programming system to integrationization and intelligentization the development .Being living the integration respect , with the development accords with the STEP ( StandardfortheExchangeofProductModelData ) criterion parameterization feature moldmaking and systematically gives priority to , having carried on the highly effective work of greats quantity at the moment is the home and abroad development heatpointBeing living the intelligentization respect , the work has start only a short while ago , and still awaits that we leave hard2、NCs' cutting tool locus generates the method study developing actualityDigital control programming core work is generateing the cutting tool locus , afterwards by such scattered one-tenth sword spot , places that the handle comes into being the digital control processing program afterwards viaing .The next cutting tool locus comes into being the means and actes as some and introduce2.1 baseding on a little and string , surface and part of the body NC's sword track formation meansCAD's technique moves through the two dimension mapping , andudergo the three dimensions wires frame and camber and the solid modelling generation , now the parameterization feature reacing is always moldded .Is living two dimension mapping together with three dimensions wires frame phase , in case the opening processes , the rough sketch is processed the digital control process is main with spot and string act as drive target , the plane area process and so on .This kind of level that personnel staff was requireed manipulating in the process is taller , complex mutually .Being living camber and the solid modelling generation , entity process had ariseed to based on .The entity process target is an entity ( oridinarily blendes for CSG and BREP express ) , its ( moreover , intersects , falls short of to operate ) but get yield through some fundamental parts of the body habitually after the set operation .The entity is processed not merely usable rough machining and semi precision work to the spare parts , and the great area cuts Yu Liang , and the effectiveness is processed in the raise , but also usable research together with development to digital control baseding on the feature programming system , is the feature process baseEntity process oridinarily possess entity rough sketch process and the entity area and processes two kinds .The entity process realization means slices law ( SLICE ) in the interest of the straturm , in immediate future slices by the process entity in the way of one series of level , afterwards to obtains the intersection comes into being the isometry string dos worthwhile the sword the going away locus .The original slave system needs the angle depart , the digital control process that the ACIS's geometry moldmaking being living achieved thiskind to based on a little on the terrace and the string and surface and entity Feature NC's sword track formation means 2.2 baseding onThe parameterization feature molds to possess the specified development particular period , yet baseds on that feature cutting tool locus formation means research starts only a short while ago .The feature processes to cause digital control programming personnel staff to be out to let drop the step geometry message to those ( in case : Spot , string , surface and entity ) manipulate , but transforing to carry on the digital control programming in the interest of directly to accords with the feature that engineers and technicians are used to , and liftd the programming effectiveness enormouslyW.R.Mail and A.J.Mcleod are living in their research to give out one to based on feature NC's code generating sub system , and this systematic work rule is : Spare parts every one process wholly may be regarded as to adjust to make up the total that the spare parts form shape feature group processed .In immediate future the queen completees spare parts process is not processed that to the feature adjusting entirely form the shape in that way either form shape feature component .But each form shape feature either form shape feature series NC's code may generate voluntarily .The system opened up at the moment merely is applicable to 2.5D's spare parts processThe LeeandChang opened up one kind of raised liberal camber feature cutting tool locus of means autogeneration in the way of fictitious border system .This systematic work rule is : Being living to inlay inner place the raised liberal camber into one the minimal long and square , so raised liberal camber feature is transformd into the hollow feature .Minimal the long and square incorporation against the end product pattern constituteed to be called one kind of indirect produce pattern on the fictitious pattern .That the cutting tool locus formation means separates into completees three paces : ( 1 ) and the cutting action polyhedron feature ;( 2 ) and cuts the liberal camber feature ;( 3 ) and the cutting action intersects the featureJongYunJung researcies baseds on the non- cutting action cutting tool locus formation problem of feature .The article process baseding on the feature locus separates into rough sketch process and processes two types with the inside area , and the definition this two types of process cutting action orientations , attains the aim that the entirety optimizes the cutting tool locus by means of decreasing the cutting action cutting tool locus .Type who talked about these fundamental features gos away sword way and cutting tool selection and process order and so on to main being aimed at of article some kinds of fundamental features ( hollow inner place Kong and step , trough ) , and averting repeatedly going away the sword by means of IP ( InterProgramming ) technique , with the non- cutting action cutting tool locus of optimization .Besides JongYunJong still is living , and his doctor in 1991 researcied tabrication feature extraction and baseds on feature cutting tool and the cutting tool way in the dissertationThe feature process base is an entity process , and surely of course also may think the entity process being more high-quality .Yet feature process distinct entity process , and entity process possess it oneself the limitations .Feature process chiefly possess below difference against entity process :Through approximately attends school says that the feature is the meritorous service capacity key element to make up the spare parts , and the operation that accords with engineers and technicians is used to , by engineers and technicians are know intimately ;The entity is the geometry target on low straturm , and is a geometric object that obtains after a series of Booleans calculation , and does not have whatever meritorous service capacity semantic information ;It frequently is adjusting the once only process of entire spare parts ( entity ) that the entity is processed .Yet in reality the spare parts is not very much probably merely once processed through in the way of the sword , frequently will go through a series of workmans of rough machining and semi precision work and precision work and so on stage , the place of spare parts difference oridinarily will be employd the difference cutting tool and process ;Now and then not only the spare parts will be employd up turning , but also employ up mill .Hence entity process is chiefly used spare parts rough machining and semi precision work .But but the feature on processing through essentially resolved the above-mentioned issue ;Feature process havees even more intellect .May regulate some kinds of settled admittedly process meanss as to the specially designated feature , particularly those have been living , and STEP's criterion the person who regulates the feature still more is such in this way .In case we wholly draw up the specially designated process means to all standards feature , it is you can imagine that spare parts that in thatway sufficiently succeed through the standard feature to those are processed such convenient quality .In case CAPP systematically be able to supply the relevant technology feature , NCP's system may decrease inputing mutually , and havees even more intellect enormously in that way .But these entity process can not achievedFeature process is favour of achieving through comprehensive integration of CAD , CAPP , NCP and CNC's system , and achieves the two-way going from place to place of message , in the interest of CIMS and even parallel project ( CE ) are settleed the well base ;It be helpless that but the entity is processed to theseNC's sword track formation means 2.3 being on active service in several main CAD/CAM's systems is analysedActive duty CAM constitutes reaching the main meritorous service capacityThat at the moment comparatively more mature CAM's system is main with two kinds of shapes achieves CAD/CAM's system integration : Integration CAD/CAM's system ( in case : UGII , Euclid and Pro/ENGINEERs and so on ) and independent relatively CAM's system ( in case : Mastercam and Surfcams and so on ) . Unitary less than the former data format is directly gaind the produce geometric model through CAD's system , but the latter is main gains the produce geometric model by means of the neutral papers through else CAD's systems . However , no matter is what the CAM's system growed the shape , wholly consising of five modules , in immediate future mutually technology parameter input module and cutting tool locus formation module and cutting tool locus compiler module and three dimensions process that dynamic imitation module and afterwards places the processing module . Next merely some famous CAD/CAM's system NC's process meanss are holied discussions .UGII's process means is analysedOridinarily think that UGII is the best in trade circle , and havees representativeness digital control software most .That such havees the distinguishing feature most is the cutting tool locus formation means that such meritorous service capacity is powerful .Consists of turning , milling and string cuts and so on the consummate process means .In it milling chiefly possess the below meritorous service capacity :And PointtoPoint: Completeing the different openings processesAnd PanarMill: Plane is milled .Consising of that the one-way walkes surely , the two-way row are slice , and the hoop is slice along with rough sketch process to await And FixedContour: Admittedly much projectionss are areed processed stably .Dominateeing on being living on the single camber either much camber the removing of cutting tool in the way of the projection means , and that the control cutting tool is removed may be the cutting tool locus that has generateed , a series of either suite stringAnd VariableContour: Variable projection is processedAnd Parameterline: Await that the parameter string is processed .The successive process of single camber either much camber may be adjustAnd ZigZagSurface: Cutting out processAnd RoughtoDepth: Rough machining .The depth is reachd assigning in the rough machining by Mao PiAnd CavityMill: The many stages depth mould cavity processes .Rough machining that particularly is applicable to the male contact with the hollow standardAnd SequentialSurface: The camber occuies simultaneously the workman .In accordance the spare parts and guides that and the thinking of check adjust the removing suppling the largesttest degree control of cutting toolEDSUnigraphics still consists of greats quantity else the respects meritorous service capacitys , and did not enumerate one by one here STRATA's process means is analysedSTRATA is a digital control programming system development environment , and it is establishing ACIS's geometry model building terrace onIt supplys two kinds of programming development environments in the interest of consumer , in immediate future NC's command language interface and the NC's operation C++ storehouse . It may back three to mill , and turning and string cut NC and process , and may back wire frame , camber and the entity geometry model building . Such NC's cutting tool locus formation means is baseding on the physical model . STRATA is baseded on , and what supplys the process means in entity NC's cutting tool locus formation type storehouse consists of : ProfileToolpath: Rough sketch processAreaClearToolpath: The area on plane processesSolidProfileToolpath: The entity rough sketch is processedSolidAreaClearToolpath: The area on entity plane processesSolidFaceToolPath: The entity face processesSolidSliceToolPath: The entity severs process on planeLanguagebasedToolpath: Baseding on , language cutting tool locus generatesElse CAD/CAM software , in case Euclid the person who awaits the NC's meritorous service capacity is each has his strong point , yet suchfundamental substance is almost alike , the not natural difference .2.4 main problem of systematic sword track formation means of active duty CAMIn accordance tradition CAD/CAM's system and CNC's system work means , CAM's system is with directly either the indirect means gains the produce geometry data model through CAD's system ( by means of neutral papers ) . CAM's system is with spot , string , surface in the three dimensions geometrics model and either the entity is the drive target , the cutting tool locus is processed in the formation , and afterwards the shape with the cutting tool locating file viaes the handle is placed , with the NC's code shape supplys to CNC's machine tool , the some respects problems under being living in entire CAD/CAM and the CNC's system operation process to be :CAM systematically can only gain produce low tier of geometry message through CAD's system , and can not seize voluntarily meritorous service capacity and the semantic information of produce geometry shape information and produce higher level .Hence manufacturing engineering master that entire CAM's process have to be living is very experience haves a hand in secondly , and completees mutually by means of the figure .In case : Manufacturing engineering master .The entire system automation degree is leted dropBeing living in the CAM's system generation cutting tool locus , equal also merely embodying low straturm geometry message ( right line and arc geometry locating information ) , along with the a little process control information ( as moving forward ) to rate , main shaft rotation speed and trading sword and so on .Hence , can not obtain the process technology parameter that haves something to do with against generateing the cutting tool locus yetThe produce data between CAM's system every module are not unitied , and the independence is opposite to each other to every module .For instance the cutting tool locating file is merely keep the minutes the cutting tool locus and is not keep the minutes the relevant process technology parameter , the dynamic imitation of three dimensions merely keeps the minutes that the cutting tool locus interference against runs into , but keep the minutes interference and process target and correlation process technology parameter that runs into happen against suchThe CAM systematically is an independence system .Not thering is the unitary produce data model between CAD's system together with the CAM's system , even if being the integrated CAD/CAM's system of integration in , one-way and unity is enjoyed also being only to message in all . CAM systematically can not sufficiently comprehend and complete message utilizing CAD's system to have something to do with the produce , feature message that especially haves something to do with against process , equal CAD's system can not gain the process data message that CAM systematically come into being yet . This is give parallel project implementation to bring the hardship3、digitals control techniques of simulation3.1 calculating machine imitation approximately idea and applicationThe angle through the project is see , and the imitation is the system by means of the test to the system model leave to research in the existing either design .Analysing the complex dynamic target , the imitation is one kind of valid means , may decrease the hazard , cuts down design and manufactures cycle , and practise thrift the investment .Calculating machine imitation is draing support from the calculatingmachine , and utilizes the system model to adjust actually systematically testing the process which researcied .It is swiftly developed in the wake of the calculating machine technique development , and is living in the imitation to passess the more and more significant position .Three foundation maneuveies between the key element that the calculating machine imitation process may be notify by means of the picture 1 are depictd :The model building maneuver is by means of viewing either examination to the actual system , and is living to over look the less important element to reach on the base that examine the variable , and the means in the way of physics either mathematics is depictd , thereby obtains the similar pattern of actual system simplification .The meritorous service with the actual system of the pattern here be able to together with between the parameter ought to have similarity and homologous qualityThe imitation pattern is the mathematical model to the system ( simplifying the pattern ) carries on the specified algorithm handle , and causes such become the appropriate shape ( in case turns into iterative operation pattern by the numerical integration ) afterwards , yet becomes " computation module computational mode " that be able to be receiveed by the calculating machine .The imitation pattern is two simplification patterns to the actual systemThe imitation test is shall system imitation pattern be living the process rund in the calculating machine .The imitation is researching actual system one kind of technique by means of the test , may clarify systematically immanent structure variable and the ambient condition effect by means of the technique of simulationCalculating machine technique of simulation main expressing of development tendency be living two respects : Application territory enlargement and imitation calculating machine intelligentization .The calculating machine technique of simulation not merely is living tradition project technique territory ( respects such as aviation , spaceflight and chemical industry and so on ) subsequent development , but also broadens up community economy and living beings and so on much non- project territorys , moreover , technique such as parallel processing , artificial intelligence , knowledge base and expert system and so on the development is affecing the imitation calculating machine development Digital control process imitation utilizes the calculating machine imitation practice process , being the forceful means to verify digital control processing program dependability and the calculation cutting action process , in order to decrease work attempies surely , and lifts production efficiency3.2 digital control technique of simulation research present situationThe APT process spare parts are completeed near the digital control order program control .In the interest of right quality to guarrantee the digital control order , guard against in process to intervene happenning , and is living in the actual manufacture , and constantly adopts attempting the anxious means to examine with what runs into .Yet this kind of means requiring a lot of labor expense is anticipateed , the cost expansively causes the manufacturing cost move upward , addd produce process time and production cycle .Adoping once more the locus to display the law afterwards , in immediate future in order to mark needle either pencil or writing brush replace the cutting tool , with colouring plank either paper replaces the work imitation cutting tool movement locus two dimension figure ( alsomay display the two dimension semi process locus ) , possess the considerably great limitations .Three dimension and the many-dimensionss as to the work are processed , the cutting action locus that the inspection that the stuff that also possess use easily to cut replaces the work ( in case , paraffin wax , lumber , midified resin and plastic material and so on ) comes is processed .Yet APT and the process field is very important occupied in the attempt .For this reason , people are living always to research replace gradually attempting the anxious calculating machine emulation mode , and is living to attempt to slice that the respects such as environment modeling and imitation calculation and graphic display and so on acquire the significant progress , and develops to raise pattern accurateness and imitation calculation real timeization and improvement real feeling of graphic display and so on orientations at the momentThrough attempies the pattern distinguishing feature sliceeing the environment seeing , NC's cutting action process imitation branch geometry imitation and mechanics imitation at the moment two respects .Geometry imitation is not consider that cutting action parameter and cutting force reach else the physics elements effects , the imitation cutting tool work geometric object movement , and with right quality of certification NC's order .The problem such as it may decrease either remove as a result of the machine tool injury that the program error causes and clamping apparatus damage either the cutting tool rolls over to snap and the spare parts are reported something as worthless and so on ;May decrease moreover through the product design up time manufacturing , and cut down the manufacturing cost .Cutting action process mechanics imitation pertains to the physics imitation category , and its dynamic mechanics property by means of the imitation cutting action process is forecast that the cutting tool breakage and cutting tool vibration and control cuts the parameter , thereby attains to optimize the cutting action process aimThe geometry technique of simulation development is in the wake of geometry model building technique development but development , and consists of that quality graphic display and the ration is intervened verifying two respects .At the moment the means in common use possess the immediate solid modelling law , and the means of figure image space baseding on is requestted the intersection law with the scattered vector3.3 immediate solid modelling lawThis kind of enveloping solid that the means is the work part of the body against the cutting tool movement takes shape is underway that the entity Boolean falls short of operating , and the work part of the body three dimensions patterns are continuously replaceed in the wake of the cutting action processSungurtekin and Velcker opened up a miller simulation system .The three dimensions patterns that ought to systematically adopt CSG's law to keep the minutes Mao Pi utilize some fundamental primitives like cuboid , the cylindrical body and taper part of the body , and the set operation , particularly operating , the area by Mao Pi and a series of cutting tool scannings is keep the minutes , afterwards usies the set difference and operates through Mao Pizhong's order take-offing the scanning area .Traverse when the so-called area by has sweep is cutting the cutting tool to move along some locuss area .Per length of Mao Pixing's shape that NC's code afterwards。
数控技术经验常用术语中英文对照
数控技术常用术语中英文对照更新时间：2007-3-28 为了方便读者阅读相关数控资料和国外数控产品的相关手册，在此选择了常用的数控词汇及其英语对应单词，所选用的数控术语主要参考国际标准ISO2806和中华人民共和国国家标准GB8129—1987以及近年新出现的一些数控词汇。
1）计算机数值控制（ComputerizedNumericalControl,CNC）用计算机控制加工功能，实现数值控制。
2）轴（Axis）机床的部件可以沿着其作直线移动或回转运动的基准方向。
3）机床坐标系（MachineCoordinateSister）固定于机床上，以机床零点为基准的笛卡尔坐标系。
4）机床坐标原点（MachineCoordinateOrigin）机床坐标系的原点。
5）工件坐标系（WorkpieceCoordinateSystem）固定于工件上的笛卡尔坐标系。
6）工件坐标原点（Wrok-piexeCoordinateOrigin）工件坐标系原点。
7）机床零点（Machinezero）由机床制造商规定的机床原点。
8）参考位置（ReferencePosition）机床启动用的沿着坐标轴上的一个固定点，它可以用机床坐标原点为参考基准。
9）绝对尺寸（AbsoluteDimension)／绝对坐标值（AbsoluteCoordinates）距一坐标系原点的直线距离或角度。
10）增量尺寸（IncrementalDimension)／增量坐标值（IncrementalCoordinates）在一序列点的增量中，各点距前一点的距离或角度值。
11）最小输人增量（LeastInputIncrement）在加工程序中可以输人的最小增量单位。
12）命令增量（LeastcommandIncrement）从数值控制装置发出的命令坐标轴移动的最小增量单位。
13）插补（Interpolation）在所需的路径或轮廓线上的两个已知点间根据某一数学函数（例如：直线，圆弧或高阶函数）确定其多个中间点的位置坐标值的运算过程。
数控车床工作名词中英文转换
车床工作名词（英文）CNC:computer numerical control工作台：(机)operating platform. service stand直径：diameter. Dia. Conjugate diameter(共轭直径)工作件：work piece扭矩：torque刀架：(机)tool post, knife rest进给量：feed rate 指的是刀具在进给运动方向上相对于工件的位移量垂直：vertical滑枕行程：ram travel ram (机)活塞横梁：beam, crossgirder刀杆：toolbar, cutterbar截面: section, cross section车削：turning , turnery镗：bore铣：mill切槽：grooving, fluting直角铣头：right-angle cutter head or milling head冶金：metallurgy汽轮机：turbine, steam turbine(涡轮机)直齿：（机）straight tooth, spur gear （机）正齿轮斜齿：helical tooth, helical 螺旋形的圆柱齿轮：cylindrical gear涡轮：turbine, worm wheel铣刀：milling cutter, milling-tool滚齿机，滚刀：hobbing反向机构：reverse mechanism人字齿轮：herringbone gear, double helical gear自动循环：automatic cycle滚珠：ball bearing, roll ball丝杠：lead screw螺距：screw pitch, thread pitch蜗杆：worm啮合：mesh, meshing加工模数：processing modulus孔径：aperture, bore diameter(孔径，内径)轴线：axis（轴，轴线）,axes（轴线，轴心，坐标轴）轮廓：outline龙门铣床：planomiller, planer type milling machine轴承：bearing,bearings（复）, axletree(轮轴)NSK: （Nippon Seiko Kabushiki Kaisha）日本精工株式会社门柱：post定位：fixed postion, location精度：precision（精度，）, accuracy(数)精确度，准确性承重：load-bearing三轴：triaxial硬轨：pathway矩形：rectangle滑道：slideway, slide rail导轨：guide rail, lead rail底座：foundation, base, bottom case力流原理：power(weight,force) flow principle滑鞍：carriage, saddle超音频：superaudio, superaudio frequency硬化处理：hardening treatment, curing研磨：grind注塑：injection molding摩擦力：friction, frictional force预紧：Pre-tighten。
机加工专业单词中英对照
机加工专业(单词/词组)中英对照Aabrasion n. 磨料,研磨材料,磨蚀剂, adj. 磨损的,磨蚀的abrasive belt n. 砂带abrasive belt grinding n. 砂带磨削,用研磨带磨光abrasive cut-off machine n. 砂轮切断机abrasive dressing wheel n. 砂轮修整轮abrasive grain n. 磨料粒度abrasive grit n. 研磨用磨料,铁粒abrasive lapping wheel n. 磨料研磨轮accuracy of position n. 位置精度accuracy to shape n. 形状精度active cutting edge n. 主切削刃adapter flange n. 连接器法兰盘adjointing flanks n. 共轭齿廓align n. 找中(心),找正,对中,对准,找平,调直,校直,调整,调准angle milling cutter n. 角铣刀angular grinding n. 斜面磨削,斜磨法angular milling n. 斜面铣削angular plunge grinding n. 斜向切入磨削angular turning n. 斜面车削arbour n. 刀杆,心轴,柄轴,轴,辊轴attachment n. 附件,附件机构,联结,固接,联结法automatic bar machine n. 棒料自动车床automatic boring machine n. 自动镗床automatic copying lathe n. 自动仿形车床automatic double-head milling machine n. 自动双轴铣床automatic lathe n. 自动车床automatic turret lathe n. 自动转塔车床Bbelt grinding machine n. 砂带磨床bench lathe n. 台式车床bevel n. 斜角，斜面，倾斜，斜切，斜角规，万能角尺，圆锥的，倾斜的，斜边，伞齿轮，锥齿轮bevel gear cutting machine n. 锥齿轮切削机床bevel gear tooth system n. 锥齿轮系，锥齿轮传动系统borehole n. 镗孔，镗出的孔，钻眼boring n. 镗孔，钻孔，穿孔boring fixture n. 镗孔夹具boring machine n. 镗床boring tool n. 镗刀boring, drilling and milling machine n. 镗铣床broaching machine n.拉床，铰孔机，剥孔机broaching tool n. 拉刀broad finishing tool n. 宽刃精切刀，宽刃精车刀，宽刃光切刀CCalibrate vt. 校准〔正〕，刻度，分度，检查〔验〕，定标，标定,使标准化，使符合标准cam contour grinder n. 凸轮仿形磨床carbide tip n. 硬质合金刀片carbide turning tool n. 硬质合金车刀carbide-tipped tool n. 硬质合金刀具cast iron machining n. 铸铁加工，铸铁切削加工centerless cylindrical grinder n. 无心外圆磨床ceramic cutting tool n. 金属陶瓷刀具chamfer n.;vt. 倒角，倒棱chamfered cutting edge n. 倒角刀刃champ v. 焦急champing fixture n. 快换夹具champing jaw n. 快换卡爪chaser n. 螺纹梳刀，梳刀盘，板牙chatter vi.;n. 振动，振荡，震颤，刀振cherry n.;a. 樱桃，鲜红的，樱桃木制的chip n. 切屑，铁屑，刀片，刀头，片，薄片，芯片，基片chip breaker groove radius n. 断屑槽底半径，卷屑槽底半径chip clearance n. 切屑间隙chip cross-sectional area n. 切屑横截面面积chip curl n. 螺旋形切屑chip flow n. 切屑流chip formation n. 切屑形成chip removing process n. 去毛刺加工chip variable n. 切屑变量chuck n. 卡盘，夹盘，卡头，〔电磁〕吸盘，vt. 固定，装卡，夹紧，卡住chucker n. 卡盘车床，卡角车床circular drilling machine n. 圆工作台钻床circular path n. 环路，圆轨迹circular pitch measurement n. 周节测量circumference n. 圆周，周线，周界，周围，四周，范围close-grained a. 细颗粒的coffecient of tool thrust n. 刀具推力系数coil chip n. 卷状切屑cold circular saw n. 冷圆锯cold saw n. 冷锯column drilling machine n. 圆〔方〕柱立式钻床combined drill and milling cutter n. 复合钻铣床complete traverse grinding n. 横进给磨削，切入磨削computer-controlled machine n. 计算机控制机床，数控机床contact pattern n. 靠模continuous chip n. 连续切屑continuous spiral chip n. 连续螺旋切屑contour n. 轮廓，外形，外貌，轮廓线，回路，网路，电路，等高线，等值线，轮廓等高距a. 仿形的，靠模的contour grinding n. 仿形磨削，成形磨削contour milling n. 成形铣削，外形铣削，等高走刀曲面仿形法convex milling attachment n. 凸面铣削附件convex turning attachment n. 中凸车削附件，凸面车削附件coolant lubricant n. 冷却润滑剂coolant lubricant emulsion n. 冷却润滑乳液〔剂〕copy n. 样板，仿形，靠模工作法，拷贝复制品，v. 复制,模仿,抄录copy grinding n. 仿形磨床copy-mill n. 仿形铣copying turret lathe n. 仿形转塔车床corner n. 角,弯〔管〕头,弯管counterbore n. 埋头孔,沉孔,锥口孔,平底扩孔钻,平底锪钻, n.;vt. 扩孔，锪孔，镗孔，镗阶梯孔crankshaft grinding machine n. 曲轴磨床crankshaft turning lathe n. 曲轴车床creep feed grinding n. 缓进给磨削cross milling n. 横向铣削curly chip n. 卷状切屑，螺旋形切屑，切屑螺旋cut v.;n. 切削〔割〕，口，片，断，断开，削减，减少，断面，剖面，相交，凹槽cut off n. 切断〔开，去〕，关闭，停车，停止，断开装置，断流器，挡板，截止，截流cut teeth n. 铣齿cut-off grinding n. 砂轮截断，砂轮切割cutter n. 刀具，切削工具，截断器，切断器，切断机cutting n. 切削，切片，切割，切屑，金属屑，截槽cutting edge profile n. 切削刃轮廓〔外形，断面〕，切削刃角度cutting force n. 切削力cutting lip n. 切削刃，刀刃，钻唇，钻刃cutting operation n. 切削加工，切削操作，切削作业cutting rate n. 切削效率，切削速率cutting tool n. 刀具，切削工具，刃具cycle n. 周期，周，循环，一个操作过程，轮转，自行车cylindrical grinder n. 外圆磨床Ddamage n.;vt. 损坏〔害，伤，耗，失〕，破坏，事故，故障，伤害，危害deep-hole drilling n.深孔钻削deep-hole milling n. 深孔铣削design n. 设计，计算，计划，方案，设计书，图纸die-sinking n. 凹模dimension n. 尺寸，尺度，维度，量纲，因次direction of the feed motion n. 进给方向，进刀方向discontinuous chip n. 间断切屑distance n. 距离，间隔〔隙〕，长度，vt. 隔开double-column planer-miller n. 双柱龙门铣床dress v. 修饰，修整，平整，整理，清理，装饰，调制，准备，打磨，磨光，压平，轿直，清洗，清理，分级drilling n. 钻头，钻床，穿孔器，凿岩机，v. 钻孔，打孔，钻井，钻探drilling machine n. 钻床，钻机，钻孔机，打眼机drilling tool n. 钻孔〔削，井，眼〕工具Eedge point n. 刀口，刀刃efficiency n. 效率，效能，性能，功率，产量，实力，经济性，有〔功，实〕效end mill n. 立铣刀external grinding n. 外圆磨削Fface n. 表面，外观，工作面，表盘，屏，幕v. 面向，朝向，表面加工，把表面弄平face grinding machine n. 平面磨床face milling machine n. 端面磨床feed force n. 进给力feed motion n. 进给运动fine adjustment n. 精调，细调，微调fine boring n. 精密镗孔finish v.;n. 精加工，抛光，修整，表面粗糙度，完工，最后加工，最后阶段，涂层，涂料finish-cutting n. 精加工，最终切削fixture n. 夹具，夹紧装置，配件，零件，定位器，支架form n. 型式，类型，摸板，模型，形成，产生，成形，表格v. 形〔组，构〕成，产生，作出，成形，造型form-turn n. 成形车削free-cutting n. 自由切削，无支承切削，高速切削Ggap n. 间隔，间隙，距离，范围，区间，缺口，开口火花隙，vt. 使产生裂缝vi. 豁开gear cutting machine n. 齿轮加工机床，切齿机gear generating grinder n. 磨齿机gear hob n. 齿轮滚刀grinding cutter n. 磨具grinding force n. 磨削力grinding machine n. 磨床grinding wheel diameter n. 砂轮直径grinding wheel width n. 砂轮宽度groove n. 槽，切口，排屑槽，空心槽，坡口，vt. 切〔开，铣〕槽groove milling n.铣槽Hheadstock spindle n. 床头箱主轴，主轴箱主轴，头架轴helical tooth system n. 螺旋齿轮传动装置high precision lathe n. 高精度车床high-speed n. 高速high-speed machining n. 高速加工hob n. 齿轮滚刀，滚刀，螺旋铣刀，v. 滚铣，滚齿，滚削horsepower n. 马力hobbing machine n. 滚齿机，螺旋铣床，挤压制模压力机，反应阴模机hole n. 孔，洞，坑，槽，空穴，孔道，管道，v. 钻〔穿，冲，开〕孔，打洞hone n. vt. 磨石，油石，珩磨头，磨孔器，珩磨，honing machine n. 珩磨机，珩床，搪磨床，磨孔机，磨气缸机Iinclination n. 倾斜，斜度，倾角，斜角〔坡〕，弯曲，偏〔差，角〕转increment n. 增量，增加，增〔大〕长indexing table automatic n. 自动分度工作台infeed grinding n. 切入式磨削installation n. 装置，设备，台，站，安装，设置internal grinding n. 内圆磨削involute hob n. 渐开线滚刀Jjig boring machine n. 坐标镗床Kkeyway cutting n. 键槽切削加工knurling tool n. 滚花刀具，压花刀具，滚花刀Llaedscrew machine n. 丝杠加工机床lap grinding n. 研磨lapping n. 研磨，抛光，精研，搭接，擦准lathe n. 车床lathe dog n. 车床轧头，卡箍，鸡心夹头，离心夹头，制动爪，车床挡块lathe tool n. 车刀level n. 水平，水准，水平线，水平仪，水准仪，电平，能级，程度，强度，a. 水平的，相等的，均匀的，平稳的loading time n. 装载料时间，荷重时间，充填时间，充气时间lock n. 锁，栓，闸，闭锁装置，锁型，同步，牵引，v. 闭锁，关闭，卡住，固定，定位，制动刹住longitudinal grinding n. 纵磨low capacity machine n. 小功率机床〔机器〕Mmachine axis n. 机床中心线machine table n. 机床工作台machine tool n. 机床，工作母机machining n. 机械加工，切削加工machining (or cutting) variable n. 加工（或切削）变量machining allowance n. 机械加工余量machining cycle n. 加工循环machining of metals n. 金属切削加工，金属加工magazine automatic n. 自动化仓库，自动化料斗，自动存贮送料装置manufacture n. 制造者，生产者，厂商，产品，制造material removing rate n. 材料去除率metal cutting n. 金属切削metal-cutting technology n. 金属切削工艺学，金属切削工艺〔技术〕metal-cutting tool n. 金属切削刀具，金属切削工具micrometer adjustment n. 微调milling n. 铣削，磨碎，磨整，选矿milling feed n. 铣削进给，铣削走刀量，铣削走刀机构milling machine n. 铣床milling spindle n. 铣床主轴milling tool n. 铣削刀具，铣削工具mount v. 固定，安装，装配，装置，架设，n. 固定件，支架，座，装置，机构mounting n. 安装，装配，固定，机架，框架，装置mounting fixture n. 安装夹具，固定夹具NNose n. 鼻子，端，前端，凸头，刀尖，机头，突出部分，伸出部分number of revolutions n. 转数numerical control n. 数字控制numerically controlled lathe n. 数控车床Ooblique grinding n. 斜切式磨床operate v. 操纵，控制，运行，工作，动作，运算operating cycle n. 工作循环operation n. 运转，操作，控制，工作，作业，运算，计算operational instruction n. 操作说明书，操作说明operational safety n. 操作安全性，使用可靠性oscillating type abrasive cutting machine n. 摆动式砂轮切割机oscillation n. 振动，振荡，摆动，颤振，振幅out-cut milling n. 切口铣削oxide ceramics n. 氧化物陶瓷oxide-ceramic cutting tool n. 陶瓷刀具Pperformance n. 实行，执行，完成，特性，性能，成品，制作品，行为，动作，生产率，效率peripheral grinding n. 圆周磨削peripheral speed n. 圆周速度，周速，边缘速度perpendicular a. 垂直的，正交的，成直角的n. 垂直，正交，竖直，垂线，垂直面physical entity n. 实体，实物pitch n. 齿距，节距，铆间距，螺距，极距，辊距，坡度，高跨比，俯仰角pitch circle n. 节圆plain (or cylindrical) milling machine n. 普通（或圆柱形）铣床plain grinding n. 平面磨削plain turning n. 平面车床plane n. 平面，面，投影，刨，水平，程度，阶段，飞机a.平的v. 弄平，整平，刨，飞行plane milling n. 平面铣削plane-mill n. 平面铣刀，平面铣床plunge mill n. 模向进给滚轧机plunge-cut n. 切入式磨削，横向进给磨削，全面进刀法，全面进给法plunge-cut thread grinder n. 切入式螺纹磨床plunge-grinding n. 切入式磨削point n. 点，尖端，刀尖，针尖，指针，交点，要点，论点，特点v. 指，面向，瞄准，对准，表明，弄尖，强调power n. 功率，效率，能〔容，力〕量，动力，电源，能源v. 驱〔拖，带，发〕动，给...以动力power hacksaw n. 机动弓锯〔钢锯〕precision boring n. 精镗precision boring machine n. 精密镗床precision machining n. 精密机械加工pressure angle n. 压力角primary cutting edge n. 主切削刃principal feed motion n. 主进给运动，主进刀运动production method s n. 生产方法[式]profile n. 轮廓，形面，剖面，侧面图，分布图。
数控加工外文翻译
Numerical control technology and equipping development trend and countermeasureZhao Chang-ming Liu Wang-ju (CNC Machining Process and equipment, 2002,China)Abstract:Equip the engineering level, level of determining the whole national economy of the modernized degree and modernized degree of industry, numerical control technology is it develop new developing new high-tech industry and most advanced industry to equip (such as information technology and his industry, biotechnology and his industry, aviation, spaceflight, etc. national defense industry) last technology and getting more basic most equipment. Numerical control technology is the technology controlled to mechanical movement and working course with digital information, integrated products of electromechanics that the numerical control equipment is the new technology represented by numerical control technology forms to the manufacture industry of the tradition and infiltration of the new developing manufacturing industry,Keywords:Numerical ControlTechnology, E quipment,industry Equip the engineering level, level of determining the whole national economy of the modernized degree and modernized degree of industry, numerical control technology is it develop new developing new high-tech industry and most advanced industry to equip (such as information technology and his industry, biotechnology and his industry, aviation, spaceflight, etc. national defense industry) last technology and getting more basic most equipment. Marx has ever said "the differences of different economic times, do not lie in what is produced, and lie in how to produce, produce with some means of labor ". Manufacturing technology and equipping the most basic means of production that are that the mankind produced the activity, and numerical control technology is nowadays advanced manufacturing technology and equips the most central technology. Nowadays the manufacturing industry all around the world adopts numerical control technology extensively, in order to improve manufacturing capacity and level, improve the adaptive capacity and competitive power to the changeable market of the trends. In addition every industrially developed country in the world also classifies the technology andnumerical control equipment of numerical control as the strategic materials of the country, not merely take the great measure to develop one's own numerical control technology and industry, and implement blockading and restrictive policy to our country in view of " high-grade, precision and advanced key technology of numerical control " and equipping. In a word, develop the advanced manufacturing technology taking numerical control technology as the core and already become every world developed country and accelerate economic development in a more cost-effective manner, important way to improve the overall national strength and national position.Numerical control technology is the technology controlled to mechanical movement and working course with digital information, integrated products of electromechanics that the numerical control equipment is the new technology represented by numerical control technology forms to the manufacture industry of the tradition and infiltration of the new developing manufacturing industry, namely the so-called digitization is equipped, its technological range covers a lot of fields: (1)Mechanical manufacturing technology; (2)Information processing, processing, transmission technology; (3)Automatic control technology; (4)Servo drive technology;(5)Technology of the sensor; (6)Software engineering ,etc.Development trend of a numerical control technologyThe application of numerical control technology has not only brought the revolutionary change to manufacturing industry of the tradition, make the manufacturing industry become the industrialized symbol , and with the constant development of numerical control technology and enlargement of the application, the development of some important trades (IT , automobile , light industry , medical treatment ,etc. ) to the national economy and the people's livelihood of his plays a more and more important role, because the digitization that these trades needed to equip has already been the main trend of modern development.Numerical control technology in the world at present and equipping the development trend to see, there is the following several respect [1- ] in its main research focus. 1 A high-speed, high finish machining technology and new trend equippedThe efficiency, quality are subjavanufacturing technology. High-speed, highfinish machining technology can raise the efficiency greatly , improve the quality and grade of the products, shorten production cycle and improve the market competitive power. Japan carries the technological research association first to classify it as one of the 5 great modern manufacturing technologies for this, learn (CIRP) to confirm it as the centre in the 21st century and study one of the directions in international production engineering.I n the field of car industry, produce one second when beat such as production of 300,000 / vehicle per year, and many variety process it is car that equip key problem that must be solved one of; In the fields of aviation and aerospace industry, spare parts of its processing are mostly the thin wall and thin muscle, rigidity is very bad, the material is aluminium or aluminium alloy, only in a situation that cut the speed and cut strength very small high, could process these muscles, walls. Adopt large-scale whole aluminium alloy method that blank " pay empty " make the wing recently, such large-scale parts as the fuselage ,etc. come to substitute a lot of parts to assemble through numerous rivet , screw and other connection way, make the intensity , rigidity and dependability of the component improved. All these, to processing and equipping the demand which has proposed high-speed, high precise and high flexibility.According to EMO2001 exhibition situation, high-speed machining center is it give speed can reach 80m/min is even high , air transport competent speed can up to 100m/min to be about to enter. A lot of automobile factories in the world at present, including Shanghai General Motors Corporation of our country, have already adopted and substituted and made the lathe up with the production line part that the high-speed machining center makes up. HyperMach lathe of U.S.A. CINCINNATI Company enters to nearly biggest 60m/min of speed, it is 100m/min to be fast, the acceleration reaches 2g, the rotational speed of the main shaft has already reached 60 000r/min. Processing a thin wall of plane parts, spend 30min only, and same part general at a high speed milling machine process and take 3h, the ordinary milling machine is being processed to need 8h; The speed and acceleration of main shaft of dual main shaft lathes of Germany DMG Company are up to 120000r/mm and 1g.In machining accuracy, the past 10 years, ordinary progression accuse of machining accuracy of lathe bring 5μm up to from 10μm already, accurate grades ofmachining center from 3～5μm, rise to 1～1.5μm, and ultraprecision machining accuracy is it enter nanometer grade to begin already (0.01μm).In dependability, MTBF value of the foreign numerical control device has already reached above 6 000h, MTBF value of the servo system reaches above 30000h, demonstrate very high dependability .In order to realize high-speed, high finish machining, if the part of function related to it is electric main shaft, straight line electrical machinery get fast development, the application is expanded further . 1.2 Link and process and compound to process the fast development of the lathe in 5 axesAdopt 5 axles to link the processing of the three-dimensional curved surface part, can cut with the best geometry form of the cutter , not only highly polished, but also efficiency improves by a large margin . It is generally acknowledged, the efficiency of an 5 axle gear beds can equal 2 3 axle gear beds, is it wait for to use the cubic nitrogen boron the milling cutter of ultra hard material is milled and pared at a high speed while quenching the hard steel part, 5 axles link and process 3 constant axles to link and process and give play to higher benefit. Because such reasons as complicated that 5 axles link the numerical control system , host computer structure that but go over, it is several times higher that its price links the numerical control lathe than 3 axles , in addition the technological degree of difficulty of programming is relatively great, have restricted the development of 5 axle gear beds.At present because of electric appearance of main shaft, is it realize 5 axle complex main shaft hair structure processed to link greatly simplify to make, it makes degree of difficulty and reducing by a large margin of the cost, the price disparity of the numerical control system shrinks. So promoted 5 axle gear beds of head of complex main shaft and compound to process the development of the lathe (process the lathe including 5).At EMO2001 exhibition, new Japanese 5 of worker machine process lathe adopt complex main shaft hair, can realize the processing of 4 vertical planes and processing of the wanton angle, make 5 times process and 5 axles are processed and can be realized on the same lathe, can also realize the inclined plane and pour the processing of the hole of awls. Germany DMG Company exhibits the DMUV oution seriesmachining center, but put and insert and put processing and 5 axles 5 times to link and process in once, can be controlled by CNC system or CAD/CAM is controlled directly or indirectly.1.3 Become the main trend of systematic development of contemporary numerical control intelligently, openly, networkedly.The numerical control equipment in the 21st century will be sure the intelligent system, the intelligent content includes all respects in the numerical control system: It is intelligent in order to pursue the efficiency of processing and process quality, control such as the self-adaptation of the processing course, the craft parameter is produced automatically; Join the convenient one in order to improve the performance of urging and use intelligently, if feedforward control , adaptive operation , electrical machinery of parameter , discern load select models , since exactly makes etc. automatically; The ones that simplified programming , simplified operating aspect are intelligent, for instance intelligent automatic programming , intelligent man-machine interface ,etc.; There are content of intelligence diagnose , intelligent monitoring , diagnosis convenient to be systematic and maintaining ,etc..Produce the existing problem for the industrialization of solving the traditional numerical control system sealing and numerical control application software. A lot of countries carry on research to the open numerical control system at present, such as NGC of U.S.A. (The Next Generation Work-Station/Machine Control), OSACA of European Community (Open System Architecture for Control within Automation Systems), OSEC (Open System Environment for Controller) of Japan, ONC (Open Numerical Control System) of China, etc.. The numerical control system melts to become the future way of the numerical control system open. The so-called open numerical control system is the development of the numerical control system can be on unified operation platform, face the lathe producer and end user, through changing, increasing or cutting out the structure target(numerical control function), form the serration, and can use users specially conveniently and the technical know-how is integrated in the control system, realize the open numerical control system of different variety , different grade fast, form leading brand products with distinct distinction. System structure norm of the open numerical control system at present,communication norm , disposing norm , operation platform , numerical control systematic function storehouse and numerical control systematic function software development ,etc. are the core of present research.The networked numerical control equipment is a new light spot of the fair of the internationally famous lathe in the past two years. Meeting production line , manufacture system , demand for the information integration of manufacturing company networkedly greatly of numerical control equipment, realize new manufacture mode such as quick make , fictitious enterprise , basic Entrance that the whole world make too. Some domestic and international famous numerical control lathes and systematic manufacturing companies of numerical control have all introduced relevant new concepts and protons of a machine in the past two years, if in EMO2001 exhibition, " Cyber Production Center " that the company exhibits of mountain rugged campstool gram in Japan (Mazak) (intellectual central production control unit, abbreviated as CPC); The lathe company of Japanese big Wei (Okuma ) exhibits " IT plaza " (the information technology square , is abbreviated as IT square ); Open Manufacturing Environment that the company exhibits of German Siemens (Siemens ) (open the manufacturing environment, abbreviated as OME),etc., have reflected numerical control machine tooling to the development trend of networked direction.1.4 Pay attention to the new technical standard, normal setting-up1.4.1 Design the norm of developing about the numerical control systemAs noted previously, there are better common ability, flexibility, adaptability, expanding in the open numerical control system, such countries as U.S.A. ,European Community and Japan ,etc. implement the strategic development plan one after another , carry on the research and formulation of the systematic norm (OMAC , OSACA , OSEC ) of numerical control of the open system structure, 3 biggest economies in the world have carried on the formulation that nearly the same science planned and standardized in a short time, have indicated a new arrival of period of change of numerical control technology. Our country started the research and formulation of standardizing the frame of ONC numerical control system of China too in 2000.1.4.2 About the numerical control standardThe numerical control standard is a kind of trend of information-based development of manufacturing industry. Information exchange among 50 years after numerical control technology was born was all because of ISO6983 standard, namely adopt G, M code describes how processes, its essential characteristic faces the processing course, obviously, he can't meet high-speed development of modern numerical control technology's needs more and more already. For this reason, studying and making a kind of new CNC system standard ISO14649 (STEP-NC) in the world, its purpose is to offer a kind of neutral mechanism not depending on the concrete system, can describe the unified data model in cycle of whole life of the products, thus realize the whole manufacture process, standardization of and even each industrial field product information.The appearance of STEP-NC may be a revolution of the technological field of the numerical control, on the development and even the whole manufacturing industry of numerical control technology, will exert a far-reaching influence. First of all, STEP-NC puts forward a kind of brand-new manufacture idea, in the traditional manufacture idea, NC processes the procedures to all concentrate on individual computer. Under the new standard, NC procedure can be dispersed on Internet, this is exactly a direction of open , networked development of numerical control technology. Secondly, STEP-NC numerical control system can also reduce and process the drawing (about 75%), process the procedure to work out the time (about 35%) and process the time (about 50%) greatly.At present, American-European countries pay much attention to the research of STEP-NC, Europe initiates IMS plan (1999.1.1-2001.12.3) of STEP-NC. 20 CAD/CAM/CAPP/CNC users, manufacturers and academic organizations from Europe and Japan participated in this plan. STEP Tools Company of U.S.A. is a developer of the data interchange software of manufacturing industry in the global range, he has already developed the super model (Super Model ) which accuses of information exchange of machine tooling by counting, its goal is to describe all processing courses with the unified norm. Such new data interchange form has already been verified in allocating the SIEMENS, FIDIA and European OSACA-NCnumerical control at present.2 pairs of basic estimations of technology and industry development of numerical control of our countryThe technology of numerical control of our country started in 1958, the development course in the past 50 years can roughly be divided into 3 stages: The first stage is from 1958 to 1979, namely closed developing stage. In this stages, because technology of foreign countries blockade and basic restriction of terms of our country, the development of numerical control technology is comparatively slow. During "Sixth Five-Year Plan Period" , " the Seventh Five-Year Plan Period " of the country in second stage and earlier stage in " the Eighth Five-Year Plan Period ", namely introduce technology, digest and assimilate, the stage of establishing the system of production domesticization arisesing tentatively. At this stage , because of reform and opening-up and national attention , and study the improvement of the development environment and international environment, research , development and all making considerable progress in production domesticization of the products of the technology of numerical control of our country. The third stage is and during the "Ninth Five-Year Plan Period" on the later stage in "the Eighth Five-Year Plan Period" of the country, namely implement the research of industrialization, enter market competition stage. At this stage, made substantive progress in industrialization of the domestic numerical control equipment of our country. In latter stage for "the Ninth Five-Year Plan ", the domestic occupation rate of market of the domestic numerical control lathe is up to 50%, it is up to 10% too to mix the domestic numerical control system (popular).Make a general survey of the development course in the past 50 years of technology of numerical control of our country, especially through tackling key problems of 4 Five-Year Plans, all in all has made following achievements.（1）Have established the foundation of the technical development of numerical control, has mastered modern numerical control technology basically. Our country has already, the numerical control host computer, basic technology of special plane and fittings grasped and driven from the numerical control system and survey basically now, among them most technology have already possessed and commercialized thefoundation developed, some technology has already, industrialization commercialized. （2）Have formed the industrial base of numerical control tentatively. In tackling key problems the foundation that the achievement and some technology commercialize, set up the systematic factories of numerical control with production capacity in batches such as numerical control in Central China, numerical control of the spaceflight etc.. Electrical machinery plant of Lanzhou, such factory and the first machine tool plant of Beijing , the first machine tool plant of Jinan ,etc. several numerical control host computer factories of a batch of servo systems and servo electrical machineries as the numerical control in Central China, etc.. These factories have formed the numerical control industrial base of our country basically.（3）Have set up a numerical control research, development, managerial talent's basic team.Though has made considerable progress in research and development and industrialization of numerical control technology, but we will realize soberly, the research and development of the technology of advanced numerical control of our country, especially there is greater disparity in current situation and current demand of our country of engineering level in industrialization. Though very fast from watching the development of our country vertically, have disparity horizontally more than (compare foreign countries with) not merely engineering level, there is disparity too in development speed in some aspects, namely the engineering level disparity between some high-grade , precision and advanced numerical control equipment has the tendency to expand . Watch from world, estimate roughly as follows about the engineering level of numerical control of our country and industrialization level. （1）On the engineering level, in probably backward 10-1 years with the advanced level in foreign countries, it is bigger in high-quality precision and sophisticated technology.（2）On the industrialization level, the occupation rate of market is low, the variety coverage rate is little, have not formed the large-scale production yet; The specialized level of production of function part and ability of forming a complete set are relatively low; Appearance quality is relatively poor; Dependability is not high, the commercialized degree is insufficient; One's own brand effect that the domesticnumerical control system has not been set up yet, users have insufficient confidence. （3）On the ability of sustainable development, research and development of numerical control technology, project ability is relatively weak to the competition; It is not strong that the technological application of numerical control expands dynamics; Research, formulation that relevant standards are normal lag behind.It is analyzed that the main reason for having above-mentioned disparity has the following several respect.（1）Realize the respect. Know to industry's process arduousness , complexity and long-term characteristic of domestic numerical control insufficiently; It is difficult to underestimate to add strangling, system, etc. to the unstandard, foreign blockade of the market; It is not enough to analyse to the technological application level and ability of numerical control of our country.（2）System. Pay close attention to numerical control industrialization many in the issue, consider numerical control industrialization little in the issue synthetically in terms of the systematic one, industry chain in terms of technology; Have not set up related system, perfect training , service network of intact high quality ,etc. and supported the system.（3）Mechanism. It causes the brain drain, restraining technology and technological route from innovating again, products innovation that the bad machine is made, and has restricted the effective implementation of planning, has often planned the ideal, implement the difficulty.（4）Technology. The autonomous innovation in technology of enterprises is indifferent; the project of key technology is indifferent. The standard of the lathe lags behind, the level is relatively low, it is not enough for new standard of the numerical control system to study.3 pairs of strategic thinking of technology and industrialized development of numerical control of our country3.1 Strategic considerationOur country make big country, industry is it is it accept front instead of transformation of back end to try one's best to want in shifting in world, namely should master and make key technology advanced, otherwise in a new round ofinternational industrial structure adjustment, the manufacturing industry of our country will step forward and " leave the core spaces ". We regard resource, environment , market as the cost, it is only an international " machining center " in the new economic pattern of the world to exchange the possibility got and " assemble the centre ", but not master the position of the manufacturing center of key technology , will so influence the development process of the modern manufacturing industry of our country seriously.We should stand in the height of national security strategy paying attention to numerical control technology and industry's question , at first seen from social safety, because manufacturing industry whether our country obtain employment most populous trade, the development of manufacturing industry not only can improve the people's living standard but also can alleviate the pressure of employment of our country , ensure the stability of the society; Secondly seen from national defense security, the western developed country has classified all the high-grade , precision and advanced numerical control products as the strategic materials of the country, realizing the embargo and restriction to our country, " Toshiba incident " and " Cox Report " is the best illustration.3.2 Development tacticsProceed from the angles of the fundamental realities of the country of our country, regard the strategic demand of the country and market demand of national economy as the direction, regard improving our country and making the comprehensive competitive power of equipping industry and industrialization level as the goal, use the systematic method , be able to choose to make key technology upgraded in development of equipping industry and support technology supporting the development of industrialization in our country in initial stage of 21st century in leading factor, the ability to supply the necessary technology realizes making the jump development of the equipping industry as the content of research and development .Emphasize market demand is a direction, namely take terminal products of numerical control as the core, with the complete machine (Such as the numerical control lathe having a large capacity and a wide range, milling machine, high speed high precise high-performance numerical control lathe, digitized machinery of model,key industry key equipment, etc.) drive the development of the numerical control industry. Solve the numerical control system and relevant functions part especially The dependability that (digitized servo system and electrical machinery, high speed electric main shaft system and new-enclosure that equip, etc.) and production scale question. There are no products that scale will not have high dependability; Will not have cheap and products rich in the competitiveness without scale; Certainly, it is difficult to have day holding up one's head finally that there is no scale Chinese numerical control equipment.In equiping researching and developing high-grade , precision and advancedly , should emphasize the production, learning and research and close combination of the end user, regard " drawing, using, selling " as the goal, tackle key problems according to the national will, in order to solve the needing badly of the country.Numerical control technology, emphasized innovation, put emphasis on researching and developing the technology and products with independent intellectual property right before the competition, establish the foundation for the industry of numerical control of our country, sustainable development of equipment manufacture and even the whole manufacturing industry.二、译文数控技术和装备发展趋势及对策装备工业的技术水平和现代化程度决定着整个国民经济的水平和现代化程度，数控技术及装备是发展新兴高新技术产业和尖端工业（如信息技术及其产业、生物技术及其产业、航空、航天等国防工业产业）的使能技术和最基本的装备。
（数控加工）机械类数控外文翻译外文文献英文文献数控
（数控加工）机械类数控外文翻译外文文献英文文献数控NumericalControlOneofthemostfundamentalconceptsintheareaofadvancedmanufacturingte chnologiesisnumericalcontrol(NC).PriortotheadventofNC,allmachinetools weremanualoperatedandcontrolled.Amongthemanylimitationsassociatedwith manualcontrolmachinetools,perhapsnoneismoreprominentthanthelimitation ofoperatorskills.Withmanualcontrol,thequalityoftheproductisdirectlyre latedtoandlimitedtotheskillsoftheoperator.Numericalcontrolrepresentst hefirstmajorstepawayfromhumancontrolofmachinetools.Numericalcontrolmeansthecontrolofmachinetoolsandothermanufacturin gsystemsthoughtheuseofprerecorded,writtensymbolicinstructions.Rathert hanoperatingamachinetool,anNCtechnicianwritesaprogramthatissuesoperat ionalinstructionstothemachinetool,Foramachinetooltobenumericallycontr olled,itmustbeinterfacedwithadeviceforacceptinganddecodingthep2ogramm edinstructions,knownasareader.Numericalcontrolwasdevelopedtoovercomethelimitationofhumanoperato r,andithasdoneso.Numericalcontrolmachinesaremoreaccuratethanmanuallyo peratedmachines,theycanproducepartsmoreuniformly,theyarefaster,andthe long-runtoolingcostsarelower.ThedevelopmentofNCledtothedevelopmentofs everalotherinnovationsinmanufacturingtechnology:1.Electricaldischargemachining.sercutting.3.Electronbeamwelding.Numericalcontrolhasalsomademachinetoolsmoreversatilethantheirmanuallyoperatedpredecessors.AnNCmachinetoolcanautomaticallyproduceawidev arietyofpar4s,eachinvolvinganassortmentofundertaketheproductionofprod uctsthatwouldnothavebeenfeasiblefromaneconomicperspectiveusingmanuall ycontrolledmachinetoolsandprocesses.Likesomanyadvancedtechnologies,NCwasborninthelaboratoriesoftheMas sachusettsInstituteofTechnology.TheconceptofNCwasdevelopedintheearly1 950swithfundingprovidedbytheU.SAirForce.Initsearlieststages,NCmachine swereabletomakestraightcutsefficientlyandeffectively.However,curvedpathswereaproblembecausethemachinetoolhadtobeprogra mmedtoundertakeaseriesofhorizontalandverticalstepstoproduceacurve.The shorteristhestraightlinesmakingupthestep,thesmootheris4hecurve.Eachli nesegmentinthestepshadtobecalculated.Thisproblemledtothedevelopmentin1959oftheAutomaticallyProgrammedT ools(APT)languageforNCthatusesstatementssimilartoEnglishlanguagetodef inethepartgeometry,describethecuttingtoolconfiguration,andspecifythen ecessarymotions.ThedevelopmentoftheAPTlanguagewasamajorstepforwardint hefurtherdevelopmentofNCtechnology.TheoriginalNCsystemwerevastlydiffe rentfromthoseusedpunchedpaper,whichwaslatertoreplacedbymagneticplasti ctape.Atapereaderwasusedtointerprettheinstructionswrittenonthetapefor themachine.Together,all/fthisrepresentedgiantstepforwardinthecontrolo fmachinetools.However,therewereanumberofproblemswithNCatthispointinit sdevelopment.Amajorproblemwasthefragilityofthepunchedpapertapemedium.Itwascomm onforthepapercontainingtheprogrammedinstructionstobreakortearduringam achiningprocess,Thisproblemwasexacerbatedbythefactthateachsuccessivet imeapartwasproducedonamachinetool,thepapertapecarryingtheprogrammedin structionshadtorerunthoughtthereader.Ifitwasnecessarytoproduce100copi esofagivenpart,itwasalsonecessarytorunthepapertapethoughtthereader100 separatetimes.Fragilepapertapessimplycouldnotwithstandtherigorsofshop floorenvironmentandthiskindofrepeateduse.Thisledtothedevelopmentofaspecialmagnetictape.Whereasthepapertape carriedtheprogrammedinstructionsasaseriesofholespunchedinthetape,theT hismostimportantofthesewasthatitwasdifficultorimpossibletochangethein structionsenteredonthetape.Tomakeeventhemostminoradjustmentsinaprogra mofinstructions,itwasnecessarytointerruptmachiningoperationsandmakean ewtape.Itwasalsostillnecessarytorunthetapethoughtthereaderasmanytimes astherewerepartstobeproduced.Fortunately,computertechnologybecomearea lityandsoonsolvedtheproblemsofNC,associatedwithpunchedpaperandplastic tape.Thedevelopmentofaconceptknownasnumericalcontrol(DNC)solvethepaper andplastictapeproblemsassociatedwithnumericalcontrolbysimplyeliminati ngtapeasthemediumforcarryingtheprogrammedinstructions.Indirectnumeric alcontrol,machinetoolsaretied,viaadatatransmissionlink,toahostcompute randfedtothemachinetoolasneededviathedatatransmissionlinkage.Directnumericalcontrolrepresentedamajorstepforwardoverpunchedtapeandplasticta pe.However,itissubjecttothesamelimitationasalltechnologiesthatdependo nahostcomputer.Whenthehostcomputergoesdown,themachinetoolsalsoexperie ncedowntime.Thisproblemledtothedevelopmentofcomputernumericalcontrol.Thedevelopmentofthemicroprocessorallowedforthedevelopmentofprogra mmablelogiccontrollers(PLC)andmicrocomputers.Thesetwotechnologiesallo wedforthedevelopmentofcomputernumericalcontrol(CNC).WithCNC,eachmachi netoolhasaPLCoramicrocomputerthatservesthesamepurpose.Thisallowsprogr Csolvedtheproblems associateddowntimeofthehostcomputer,butitintroducedanotherproblemknow nasdatamanagement.Thesameprogrammightbeloadedontendifferentmicrocompu terswithnocommunicationamongthem.Thisproblemisintheprocessofbeingsolv edbylocalareanetworksthatconnectDigitalSignalProcessorsTherearenumeroussituationswhereanalogsignalstobeprocessedinmanywa ys,likefilteringandspectralanalysis,Designinganaloghardwaretoperformt hesefunctionsispossiblebuthasbecomelessandpractical,duetoincreasedper formancerequirements,flexibilityneeds,andtheneedtocutdownondevelopmen t/testingtime.Itisinotherwordsdifficultpmdesignanaloghardwareanalysis ofsignals.Theactofsamplingansignalintothehatarespecialisedforembeddedsignal processingoperations,andsuchaprocessoriscalledaDSP,whichstandsforDigi talSignalProcessor.TodaytherearehundredsofDSPfamiliesfromasmanymanufacturers,eachonedesignedforaparticularprice/performance/usagegroup.Man yofthelargestmanufacturers,likeTexasInstrumentsandMotorola,offerboths pecialisedDSP’sforcertainfieldslikemotor-controlormodems,andgeneralh igh-performanceDSP’sthatcanperformbroadrangesofprocessingtasks.Devel opmentkitsan`softwarearealsoavailable,andtherearecompaniesmakingsoftw aredevelopmenttoolsforDSP’sthatallowstheprogrammertoimplementcomplex processingalgorithmsusingsimple“drag‘n’drop”methodologies.DSP’smoreorlessfallintotwocategoriesdependingontheunderlyingarch itecture-fixed-pointandfloating-point.Thefixed-pointdevicesgenerallyo perateon16-bitwords,whilethefloating-pointdevicesoperateon32-40bitsfl oating-pointwords.Needlesstosay,thefixed-pointdevicesaregenerallychea per.Anotherimportantarchitecturaldifferenceisthatfixed-pointprocessor stendtohaveanaccumulatorarchitecture,withonlyone“generalpurpose”reg ister,makingthemquitetrickytoprogramandmoreimportantly,makingC-compil ersinherentlyinefficient.Floating-pointDSP’sbehavemorelikecommongene ral-purposeCPU’s,withregister-files.TherearethousandsofdifferentDSP’sonthemarket,anditisdifficulttas kfindingthemostsuitableDSPforaproject.Thebestwayisprobablytosetupacon straintandwishlist,andtrytocomparetheprocessorsfromthebiggestmanufact urersagainstit.The“bigfour”manufacturersofDSPs:TexasInstruments,Motorola,AT&Ta ndAnalogDevices.Digital-to-analogconversionInthecaseofMPEG-Audiodecoding,digitalcompresseddataisfedintotheDS Pwhichperformsthedecoding,thenthedecodedsampleshavetobeconvertedbacki ntotheanalogdomain,andtheresultingsignalfedanamplifierorsimilaraudioe quipment.Thisdigitaltoanalogconversion(DCA)isperformedbyacircuitwitht hesamename&DifferentDCA’sprovidedifferentperformanceandquality,asmea suredbyTHD(Totalharmonicdistortion),numberofbits,linearity,speed,filt ercharacteristicsandotherthings.TheTMS320familyDQPofTexasInstrumentsTheTLS320familyconsistsoffixed-point,floating-point,multiprocesso rdigitalsignalprocessors(D[Ps),andfoxed-pointDSPcontrollers.TMS320DSP haveanarchitecturedesignedspecificallyforreal-timesignalprocessing.Th e’F/C240isanumberofthe’C2000DSPplatform,andisoptimizedforcontrolapp lications.The’C24xseriesofDSPcontrollerscombinesthisreal-timeprocess ingcapabilitywithcontrollerperipheralstocreateanidealsolutionforcontr olsystemapplications.ThefollowingcharacteristicsmaketheTMS320familyth erightchoiceforawiderangeofprocessingapplications:---Veryflexibleinstructionset---Inherentoperationalflexibility---High-speedperformance---Innovativeparallelarchitecture---CosteffectivenessDeviceswithinagenerationoftheTMS320familyhavethesameCPUstructure butdifferenton-chipmemoryandperipheralconfigurations.Spin-offdevicesu senewcombinationsofOn-chipmemoryandperipheralstosatisfyawiderangeofne edsintheworldwideelectronicsmarket.Byintegratingmemoryandperipheralso ntoasinglechip,TMS320devicesreducesystemcostsandsavecircuitboardspace .The16-bit,fixed-pointDSPcoreofthe‘C24xdevicesprovidesanalogdesi gnersadigitalsolutionthatdoesnotsacrificetheprecisionandperformanceof theirsystemperformancecanbeenhancedthroughtheuseofadvancedcontrolalgo rithmsfortechniquessuchasadaptivecontrol,Kalmanfiltering,andstatecont rol.The‘C24xDSPcontrollerofferreliabilityandprogrammability.Analogco ntrolsystems,ontheotherhand,arehardwiredsolutionsandcanexperienceperf ormancedegradationduetoaging,componenttolerance,anddrift.Thehigh-speedcentralprocessingunit(CPU)allowsthedigitaldesignert oprocessalgorithmsinrealtimeratherthanapproximateresultswithlook-upta bles.TheinstructionsetoftheseDSPcontrollers,whichincorporatesbothsign alprocessinginstructionsandgeneral-purposecontrolfunctions,coupledwit htheextensivedevelopmenttimeandprovidesthesameeaseofuseastraditional8 -and16-bitmicrocontrollers.Theinstructionsetalsoallowsyoutoretainyour softwareinvestmentwhenmovingfromothergeneral-purpose‘C2xxgeneration, sourcecodecompatiblewiththe’C2xgeneration,andupwardlysourcecodecompa tiblewiththe‘C5xgenerationofDSPsfromTexasInstruments.The‘C24xarchitectureisalsowell-suitedforprocessingcontrolsignal s.Itusesa16-bitwordlengthalongwith32-bitregistersforstoringintermedia teresults,andhastwohardwareshiftersavailabletoscalenumbersindependent lyoftheCPU.Thiscombinationminimizesquantizationandtruncationerrors,an dincreasesp2ocessingpowerforadditionalfunctions.Suchfunctionsmightinc ludeanotchfilterthatcouldcancelmechanicalresonancesinasystemoranestim ationtechniquethatcouldeliminatestatesensorsinasystem.The‘C24xDSPcontrollerstakeadvantageofansetofperipheralfunctions thatallowTexasInstrumentstoquicklyconfigurevariousseriesmembersfordif ferentprice/performancepointsorforapplicationoptimization.Thislibraryofbothdigitalandmixed-signalperipheralsincludes:---Timers---Serialcommunicationsports(SCI,SPI)---Analog-to-digitalconverters(ADC)---Eventmanager---Systemprotection,suchaslow-voltageandwatchdogtimerTheDSPcontrollerperipherallibraryiscontinuallygrowingandchanging tosuittheoftomorrow’sembeddedcontrolmarketplace.TheTMS320F/C240isthefirststandarddeviceintroducedinthe‘24xserie sofDSPcontrollers.Itsetsthestandardforasingle-chipdigitalmotorcontrol ler.The‘240canexecute20MIPS.Almostallinstructionsareexecutedinasimpl ecycleof50ns.Thishighperformanceallowsreal-timeexecutionofverycomple8controlalgorithms,suchasadaptivecontrolandKalmanfilters.Veryhighsampl ingratescanalsobeusedtominimizeloopdelays.The‘240hasthearchitecturalfeaturesnecessaryforhigh-speedsignalp rocessinganddigitalcontrolfunctions,andithastheperipheralsneededtopro videasingle-chipsolutionformotorcontrolapplications.The‘240ismanufac turedusingsubmicronCMOStechnology,achievingalogpowerdissipationrating.A lsoincludedareseveralpower-downmodesforfurtherpowersavings.Someapplic ationsthatbenefitfromtheadvancedprocessingpowerofthe‘240include: ---Industrialmotordrives---Powerinvertersandcontrollers---Automotivesystems,suchaselectronicpowersteering,antilockbrake s,andclimatecontrol---ApplianceandHVACblower/compressormotorcontrols---Printers,copiers,andotherofficeproducts---Tapedrives,magneticopticaldrives,andothermassstorageproducts---RoboticandCNCmillingmachinesTofunctionasasystemmanager,aDSPmusthaverobuston-chipI/Oandotherp eripherals.Theeventmanagerofthe‘240isunlikeanyotheravailableonaDSP.T hisapplication-optimizedperipheralunit,coupledwiththehighperformanceD SPcore,enablestheuseofadvancedcontroltechniquesforhigh-precisionandhi gh-efficiencyfullvariable-speedcontrolofallmotortypes.Includeintheeve ntmanagerarespecialpulse-widthmodulation(PWM)generationfunctions,suchasaprogrammabledead-bandfunctionandaspacevectorPWMstatemachinefor3-ph asemotorsthatprovidesstate-of-the-artmaximumefficiencyintheswitchingo fpowertransistors.Thereindependentupdowntimers,eachwithit’sowncompareregister,sup portthegenerationofasymmetric(noncentered)aswellassymmetric(centered) PWMwaveforms.Open-LoopandClosed-LoopControlOpen-loopControlSystemsThewordautomaticimpliesthatthereisacertainamountofsophistication inthecontrolsystem.Byautomatic,itgenerallymeansThatthesystemisusually capableofadaptingtoavarietyofoperatingconditionsandisabletorespondtoa classofinputssatisfactorily.However,notanytypeofcontrolsystemhastheau ually,theautomaticfeatureisachievedbyfeed.gthefeedbackstructure,itiscalledanopen-loopsystem,whichisthesimp lestandmosteconomicaltypeofcontrolsystem.inaccuracyliesinthefactthato nemaynotknowtheexactcharacteristicsofthefurther,whichhasadefinitebear ingontheindoortemperature.Thisalcopointstoanimportantdisadvantageofth eperformanceofanopen-loopcontrolsystem,inthatthesystemisnotcapableofa daptingtovariationsinenvironmentalconitionsortoexternaldisturbances.I nthecaseofthefurnacecontrol,perhapsanexperiencedpersoncanprovidecontr olforacertaindesiredtemperatureinthehouse;butidthedoorsorwindowsareop enedorclosedintermittentlyduringtheoperatingperiod,thefinaltemperatureinsidethehousewillnotbeaccuratelyregulatedbytheopen-loopcontrol.Anelectricwashingmachineisanothertypicalexampleofanopen-loopsyst em,becausetheamountofwashtimeisentirelydeterminedbythejudgmentandesti mationofthehumanoperator.Atrueautomaticelectricwashingmachineshouldha vethemeansofcheckingthecleanlinessoftheclothescontinuouslyandturnitse dtoffwhenthedesireddegisedofcleanlinessisreached.Closed-LoopControlSystemsWhatismissingintheopen-loopcontrolsystemformoreaccurateandmoread aptablecontrolisalinkorfeedbackfromtheoutputtotheinputofthesystem.Ino rdertoobtainmoreaccuratebontrol,thecontrolledsignalc(t)mustbefedbacka ndcomparedwiththereferenceinput,andanactuatingsignalproportionaltothe differenceoftheoutputandtheinputmustbesentthroughthesystemtocorrectth eerror.Asystemwithoneormorefeedbackpat(slikethatjustdescribediscalled aclosed-loopsystem.humanbeingareprobablythemostcomplexandsophisticate dfeedbackcontrolsysteminexistence.Ahumanbeingmaybeconsideredtobeacont rolsystemwithmanyinputsandoutputs,capableofcarryingouthighlycomplexop erations.Toillustratethehumanbeingasafeedbackcontrolsystem,letusconsidert hattheobjectiveistoreachforanobjectonaperformthetask.Theeyesserveasas ensingdevicewhichfeedsbackcontinuouslythepositionofthehand.Thedistanc ebetweenthehandandtheobjectistheerror,whichiseventuallybroughttozeroa sthehandreachertheobject.Thisisatypicalexampleofclosed-loopcontrol.However,ifoneistoldtoreachfortheobjectandthenisblindolded,onecanonlyrea chtowardtheobjectbyestimatingitsexactposition.ItisAsantherillustrativ eexampleofaclosed-loopcontrolsystem,showstheblockdiagramoftherudderco ntrolsystemofThebasicalementsandtheblocadiagramofaclosed-loopcontrols ystemareshowninfig.Ingeneral,theconfigurationofafeedbackcontrolsystem maynotbeconstrainedtothatoffig&.Incomplexsystemstheremaybemultitudeof feedbackloopsandelementblocks.数控在先进制造技术领域最根本的观念之壹是数控（NC）。
数控技术专业英语词汇大全
数控技术专业英语词汇大全数控技术专业英语词汇大全（赶紧收藏吧！）2021-09-29金属加工1）计算机数值控制（Computerized Numerical Control, CNC）用计算机控制加工功能，实现数值控制。
2）轴（Axis）机床的部件可以沿着其作直线移动或回转运动的基准方向。
3）机床坐标系（ Machine Coordinate Systern ）固定于机床上，以机床零点为基准的笛卡尔坐标系。
4）机床坐标原点（ Machine Coordinate Origin ）机床坐标系的原点。
5）工件坐标系（ Workpiece Coordinate System ）固定于工件上的笛卡尔坐标系6）工件坐标原点（ Wrok-piexe Coordinate Origin）工件坐标系原点。
7）机床零点（ Machine zero ）由机床制造商规定的机床原点。
8）参考位置（ Reference Position ）机床启动用的沿着坐标轴上的一个固定点，它可以用机床坐标原点为参考基准9）绝对尺寸（Absolute Dimension）/绝对坐标值（Absolute Coordinates）距一坐标系原点的直线距离或角度。
10）增量尺寸（ Incremental Dimension ） /增量坐标值（Incremental Coordinates）在一序列点的增量中，各点距前一点的距离或角度值。
11）最小输人增量（Least Input Increment）在加工程序中可以输人的最小增量单位。
12）命令增量（Least command Increment）从数值控制装置发出的命令坐标轴移动的最小增量单位。
13）插补（InterPolation）在所需的路径或轮廓线上的两个已知点间根据某一数学函数（例如：直线，圆弧或高阶函数）确定其多个中间点的位置坐标值的运算过程。
14）直线插补（Llne Interpolation）这是一种插补方式，在此方式中，两点间的插补沿着直线的点群来逼近，沿此直线控制刀具的运动。
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数控加工中心技术发展趋势及对策原文来源：Zhao Chang-ming Liu Wang-ju (CNC Machining Process and equipment, 2002,China)一、摘要Equip the engineering level, level of determining the whole national economy of the modernized degree and modernized degree of industry, numerical control technology is it develop new developing new high-tech industry and most advanced industry to equip (such as information technology and his industry, biotechnology and his industry, aviation, spaceflight, etc. national defense industry) last technology and getting more basic most equipment. Numerical control technology is the technology controlled to mechanical movement and working course with digital information, integrated products of electromechanics that the numerical control equipment is the new technology represented by numerical control technology forms to the manufacture industry of the tradition and infiltration of the new developing manufacturing industry,Keywords:Numerical ControlTechnology, E quipment,industry二、译文数控技术和装备发展趋势及对策装备工业的技术水平和现代化程度决定着整个国民经济的水平和现代化程度，数控技术及装备是发展新兴高新技术产业和尖端工业（如信息技术及其产业、生物技术及其产业、航空、航天等国防工业产业）的使能技术和最基本的装备。
马克思曾经说过“各种经济时代的区别，不在于生产什么，而在于怎样生产，用什么劳动资料生产”。
制造技术和装备就是人类生产活动的最基本的生产资料，而数控技术又是当今先进制造技术和装备最为核心的技术。
当今世界各国制造业广泛采用数控技术，以提高制造能力和水平，提高对动态多变市场的适应能力和竞争能力。
此外，世界上各工业发达国家还将数控技术及数控装备列为国家的战略物资，不仅采取重大措施来发展自己的数控技术及其产业，而且在“高精尖”数控关键技术和装备方面对我国实行封锁和限制政策。
总之，大力发展以数控技术为核心的先进制造技术已成为世界各发达国家加速经济发展、提高综合国力和国家地位的重要途径。
数控技术是用数字信息对机械运动和工作过程进行控制的技术，数控装备是以数控技术为代表的新技术对传统制造产业和新兴制造业的渗透形成的机电一体化产品，即所谓的数字化装备，其技术范围覆盖很多领域：(1)机械制造技术；(2)信息处理、加工、传输技术；(3)自动控制技术；(4)伺服驱动技术；(5)传感器技术；(6)软件技术等。
1. 数控技术的发展趋势数控技术的应用不但给传统制造业带来了革命性的变化，使制造业成为工业化的象征，而且随着数控技术的不断发展和应用领域的扩大，他对国计民生的一些重要行业（IT、汽车、轻工、医疗等）的发展起着越来越重要的作用，因为这些行业所需装备的数字化已是现代发展的大趋势。
从目前世界上数控技术及其装备发展的趋势来看，其主要研究热点有以下几个方面［1～4］。
1.1 高速、高精加工技术及装备的新趋势效率、质量是先进制造技术的主体。
高速、高精加工技术可极大地提高效率，提高产品的质量和档次，缩短生产周期和提高市场竞争能力。
为此日本先端技术研究会将其列为5大现代制造技术之一，国际生产工程学会（CIRP）将其确定为21世纪的中心研究方向之一。
在轿车工业领域，年产30万辆的生产节拍是40秒/辆，而且多品种加工是轿车装备必须解决的重点问题之一；在航空和宇航工业领域，其加工的零部件多为薄壁和薄筋，刚度很差，材料为铝或铝合金，只有在高切削速度和切削力很小的情况下，才能对这些筋、壁进行加工。
近来采用大型整体铝合金坯料“掏空”的方法来制造机翼、机身等大型零件来替代多个零件通过众多的铆钉、螺钉和其他联结方式拼装，使构件的强度、刚度和可靠性得到提高。
这些都对加工装备提出了高速、高精和高柔性的要求。
从EMO2001展会情况来看，高速加工中心进给速度可达80m/min，甚至更高，空运行速度可达100m/min左右。
目前世界上许多汽车厂，包括我国的上海通用汽车公司，已经采用以高速加工中心组成的生产线部分替代组合机床。
美国CINCINNATI公司的HyperMach机床进给速度最大达60m/min，快速为100m/min，加速度达2g，主轴转速已达60 000r/min。
加工一个薄壁飞机零件，只用30min，而同样的零件在一般高速铣床加工需3h，在普通铣床加工需8h；德国DMG公司的双主轴车床的主轴速度及加速度分别达120000r/mm和1g。
在加工精度方面，近10年来，普通级数控机床的加工精度已由10μm提高到5μm，精密级加工中心则从3～5μm，提高到1～1.5μm，并且超精密加工精度已开始进入纳米级(0.01μm)。
在可靠性方面，国外数控装置的MTBF值已达6 000h以上，伺服系统的MTBF值达到30000h以上，表现出非常高的可靠性。
为了实现高速、高精加工，与之配套的功能部件如电主轴、直线电机得到了快速的发展，应用领域进一步扩大。
1.2 五轴联动加工和复合加工机床快速发展采用5轴联动对三维曲面零件的加工，可用刀具最佳几何形状进行切削，不仅光洁度高，而且效率也大幅度提高。
一般认为，1台5轴联动机床的效率可以等于2台3轴联动机床，特别是使用立方氮化硼等超硬材料铣刀进行高速铣削淬硬钢零件时，5轴联动加工可比3轴联动加工发挥更高的效益。
但过去因5轴联动数控系统、主机结构复杂等原因，其价格要比3轴联动数控机床高出数倍，加之编程技术难度较大，制约了5轴联动机床的发展。
当前由于电主轴的出现，使得实现5轴联动加工的复合主轴头结构大为简化，其制造难度和成本大幅度降低，数控系统的价格差距缩小。
因此促进了复合主轴头类型5轴联动机床和复合加工机床（含5面加工机床）的发展。
在EMO2001展会上，新日本工机的5面加工机床采用复合主轴头，可实现4个垂直平面的加工和任意角度的加工，使得5面加工和5轴加工可在同一台机床上实现，还可实现倾斜面和倒锥孔的加工。
德国DMG公司展出DMUV oution系列加工中心，可在一次装夹下实现5面加工和5轴联动加工，可由CNC系统控制或CAD/CAM直接或间接控制。
1.3 智能化、开放式、网络化成为当代数控系统发展的主要趋势21世纪的数控装备将是具有一定智能化的系统，智能化的内容包括在数控系统中的各个方面：为追求加工效率和加工质量方面的智能化，如加工过程的自适应控制，工艺参数自动生成；为提高驱动性能及使用连接方便的智能化，如前馈控制、电机参数的自适应运算、自动识别负载自动选定模型、自整定等；简化编程、简化操作方面的智能化，如智能化的自动编程、智能化的人机界面等；还有智能诊断、智能监控方面的内容、方便系统的诊断及维修等。
为解决传统的数控系统封闭性和数控应用软件的产业化生产存在的问题。
目前许多国家对开放式数控系统进行研究，如美国的NGC(The Next Generation Work-Station/Machine Control)、欧共体的OSACA(Open System Architecture for Control within Automation Systems)、日本的OSEC(Open System Environment for Controller)，中国的ONC(Open Numerical Control System)等。
数控系统开放化已经成为数控系统的未来之路。
所谓开放式数控系统就是数控系统的开发可以在统一的运行平台上，面向机床厂家和最终用户，通过改变、增加或剪裁结构对象（数控功能），形成系列化，并可方便地将用户的特殊应用和技术诀窍集成到控制系统中，快速实现不同品种、不同档次的开放式数控系统，形成具有鲜明个性的名牌产品。
目前开放式数控系统的体系结构规范、通信规范、配置规范、运行平台、数控系统功能库以及数控系统功能软件开发工具等是当前研究的核心。
网络化数控装备是近两年国际著名机床博览会的一个新亮点。
数控装备的网络化将极大地满足生产线、制造系统、制造企业对信息集成的需求，也是实现新的制造模式如敏捷制造、虚拟企业、全球制造的基础单元。
国内外一些著名数控机床和数控系统制造公司都在近两年推出了相关的新概念和样机，如在EMO2001展中，日本山崎马扎克（Mazak)公司展出的“CyberProduction Center”（智能生产控制中心，简称CPC)；日本大隈（Okuma）机床公司展出“IT plaza”（信息技术广场，简称IT广场)；德国西门子(Siemens)公司展出的Open Manufacturing Environment（开放制造环境，简称OME）等，反映了数控机床加工向网络化方向发展的趋势。
1.4 重视新技术标准、规范的建立1.4.1 关于数控系统设计开发规范如前所述，开放式数控系统有更好的通用性、柔性、适应性、扩展性，美国、欧共体和日本等国纷纷实施战略发展计划，并进行开放式体系结构数控系统规范(OMAC、OSACA、OSEC)的研究和制定，世界3个最大的经济体在短期内进行了几乎相同的科学计划和规范的制定，预示了数控技术的一个新的变革时期的来临。
我国在2000年也开始进行中国的ONC数控系统的规范框架的研究和制定。
1.4.2 关于数控标准数控标准是制造业信息化发展的一种趋势。
数控技术诞生后的50年间的信息交换都是基于ISO6983标准，即采用G，M代码描述如何（how）加工，其本质特征是面向加工过程，显然，他已越来越不能满足现代数控技术高速发展的需要。