缩略语

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100个英文缩略语

100个英文缩略语

100个英文缩略语1. ASAP As Soon As Possible.2. DIY Do It Yourself.3. FYI For Your Information.4. ASAP As Soon As Possible.5. BTW By The Way.6. FAQ Frequently Asked Questions.7. ETA Estimated Time of Arrival.8. RSVP Répondez s'il vous plaît (French for "Please respond")。

9. VIP Very Important Person.11. UFO Unidentified Flying Object.12. GPS Global Positioning System.13. ATM Automated Teller Machine.14. CIA Central Intelligence Agency.15. FBI Federal Bureau of Investigation.16. NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration.17. LGBT Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender.18. NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization.19. PDA Public Display of Affection.20. AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome.22. NGO Non-Governmental Organization.23. SWAT Special Weapons and Tactics.24. UFO Unidentified Flying Object.25. RSVP Répondez s'il vous plaît (French for "Please respond")。

缩略语

缩略语

缩略语是现代语言中一种常见的语言现象, 一些术语性的专有名称, 往往都是词的固定组合, 名称的长度比较大。

所谓缩略语就是对术语性专有名称的简略叫法。

不同的缩略语有不同的简化方法, 这与民族语言使用的文字结构体系有关。

汉语是音节文字, 在简化时一般是选择有一定意义的单音节因素, 以保留音节的整体性, 如: “中华人民共和国”简称“中国”, “中国人民政治协商会议”简称“政协”或“人民政协”。

英语是因素文字, 在简化时一般用字母来代表一个语素或词,如: “National Basketball Association”简称“NBA”。

翻译是兼有解码和编码的一个十分特殊的过程, 具体到缩略语, 可以遵从如下模式: 源语缩略语→源语原文→目的语原文→目的语缩略语。

在这一过程中从源语原文到目的语原文的翻译不在本文讨论范围之内, 属一般的翻译问题。

汉英缩略语的翻译可以从以下两方面进行讨论。

汉语缩略语的英译汉语缩略语译成英语时很容易做到字面上的形式对等,但这种简单的字面对等不能表达缩略语所含的信息, 因而不具有可理解性。

下面就汉语缩略语的主要翻译方法进行一下归纳。

( 1) 解释性翻译这是一种意译法, 完全避开了“缩略”。

缩略语的理解需要有文化背景知识。

功能对等论者认为, 翻译就是译意。

翻译策略应以反映深层结构的功能对等为主, 而不是反映表层结构的形式对应。

如果缩略语只是在上下文使用, 或虽为常用语但原文照译却不为外国读者理解时, 则须把缩略语所包含的信息全部表达出来。

如: “三来一补”如只按汉语缩略语直译成“three processing industries and one compensation”的话, 外国人固然看不懂, 就连中国的非行内人士也不一定弄清它指的是“来料加工、来料装配和来样加工, 补偿贸易”。

所以, 初译时要解释成“processing rawmaterials on client’s demands, assembling parts for the client, processing according to the client’s samples and compensation trade in foreign trade business”。

英文文献中的通用缩略语

英文文献中的通用缩略语

a. =annus ^;anno 在年(如 anno 1930,在1930 年)。

annot. = annotatione 附注,注释。

app. = appendix 附录。

Cc.二cum 具有……,伴着.....。

c. a.二circa大约大概左右。

常用于日期中表示大概的数。

Cap..二capitulus章节。

用于章节前。

ch.二chapter章节的简称。

用于单数chs.=chapters章节的简称。

用于两章以上如nd 2 Chap.二chapter章节的简称。

用于单数。

cf.二confer试比较,比照。

与cp.可替换使用。

cp.二compare 比较Cp=Cpindex 索弓|C.V.=curriculumvitae 简历。

c. fig. = cum figura 具有插图。

cat. = catalogus 目录,书目。

coll. = collectio采集品(即采集的标本)。

coll. = collector采集者,采集人。

collect. = collector 采集者,采集人。

comb. nov. = comblnatio nova 新组合(命名上的)。

distr. = distributus , -a , -um 分布。

Eead.=eadem同上用来避免脚注、书目、引用等处重复某个女性作者的名字e.d./ed.二主编如果是多人合编用eds.e.g. = exempli gratia 例,例如。

e.p. = ex parte部分〖地〗,其中一部分。

ex从……,由……,根据……excl.=exclusa 不包括。

ex auct.descr.根据原作者描述ex max.p. = ex minimaparte 其中绝大部分。

et.及,和。

etc.=etcetera 等等,等物。

et al.二et alii等等,等物,等人。

et seq.=etsequenset seqq. =etsequenteset sequa.=etsequentia 参照Ff. = forma 变型,型。

外企常用缩略语及专用词语宝典

外企常用缩略语及专用词语宝典

缩略语及专用词语宝典3A----Availability 买的到、 Acceptability乐得买、 Affordability买的起, Activation3F----Fast 快速、Focus专注、 Flexibility弹性3E----Enjoyable 欢乐、Effective有效率的、 Efficiency有效益的3P-----Pervasion 无处不在、Price to Value 物超所值、 Preference情有独钟4P----Product产品、 Price价格、Promotion促销、Placement 陈列5P----People人, Portfolio产品组合, Planet我们居住的星球, Partner合作伙伴, Profit利润AABP----Annual Business Plan 年度生意计划ATL----Above The Line 线上费用(指用于广告等媒体的费用)AR-----Account Receivable 应收帐ASAP----As soon as possible 尽快地ABQ----所有品牌AMDM----Assistant Market Development Manager 助理拓展经理At Work----企事业单位CAN---- AC Nielsen ( AC尼尔森调查公司)Ab%----滥用率(一般用于冰箱)AO----Active Outlet 活跃售点BBASIS----Beverage Advanced Standard Information System饮料高级标准信息系统BTL----Below The Line 线下费用(对应线上费用)BP----Business Plan 业务发展BAM---- Business Activity Management 业务活动管理BOCOG----Beijing Organization Committee of Olympic Games 北京奥组委CCOFCO----China National Cereals Oils & Foodstuffs Imp.& Exp. Corp.中粮集团CSS----Customer & Consumer Service System 客户服务系统CNY---- Chinese New Year 中国新年C&C----Cash & Carry 现付自运卖场(如麦德龙)CM----Category Management 品类管理at-Man---- Category Management 品类管理Chain Store----连锁店CRV----华润连锁超市CR----Concentrate Rebate 浓缩液补贴CVS----Convenient Store 24小时便利店(如7-11)CVDS----Customer Value & Demand Survey 客户需求调查CAN----拉罐Cooler----冰箱CDE----Cold Drink Equipment 冷饮设备COBC----Code of Business Conduct 业务指导原则CV----Curriculum Vitae简历CHC---- Co-Host City 携办城市DDME----Direct Marketing Expenses 直接市场费用DSD----Direct Store Delivery 直接向商店送货D&OP----Demand & Operation Planning 需求及营运计划EEDS----Every Dealer Survey 零售网点调查EWS---Every Wholesaler Survey 批发网点调查Education----EducationChannel 教育渠道E&D----Eating and Drinking Channel 餐饮渠道Exp. Date----失效日期ECR----East China Region 东区EC----Equipment Control 设备管理ER----Expenses Report 费用报告FFMCG----Fast Moving Consumer Goods 快速消费品FAQ----Fast Answer Questions 快速回答问题FYI----For Your Information 供您参考FY----Full Year 全年FWC----FIFA World Cup 世界杯GGT----General Trade 传统渠道GDM---- 冰箱展示柜GM----General Manager 总经理GP---Gross Profit 毛利HHR----Human Resource 人力资源部HQ----Headquarter 总部H&S----Hyper& supermarket 特大和大型卖场IIDT----Infrastructure Development Team 配销发展队伍IDP---- Infrastructure Development Program 配销发展计划ITMO----In Trade Marketing Opportunity 市场机会分析调查ISP----In Store Performance 店内表现IOC----International Olympic Committee 国际奥组委JJBP----Joint Business Plan 联合生意计划(跨品牌或跨公司)KK----千,如:3K=3000KA----Key Account 重点客户KPI----Key Performance Indicator 关键业绩指标KBI----Key Business Indicator 关键生意指标KSF----康师傅KXP----Kuxingping酷形瓶LLE----Last Estimation销量估计LTSI----Long Term Strategic Initiative 长期发展策略MM----Million 百万MAU----Management Accounting Unit 财务管理单位MD---Market Development 市场拓展部MDM---- Market Development Manage市场拓展经理MDE---- Market Development Executive 市场拓展主任MDP----Merchandising Development Project 生动化发展计划MFG----Manifesto for Growth 成长宣言MM----Market Manager 市场部经理MM----Margin-Minder 销售数据控制系统MIT----Market Impact Team市场冲击队MS----Multi-servers 家庭包装MT----Modern Trade现代渠道MTD---- Month To Day 当月累计McD----麦当劳Merchandiser----理货员Merchandising----生动化Manuf. Date----生产日期MAF----Mid-autumn Festival 中秋节NNCSD----Non Carbonated Soft Drink 非碳酸饮料NCB----Non Carbonated Beverage非碳酸饮料ND----National Day 国庆NARTD----Non Alcohol Ready to Drinks 非酒精饮料NA----Not Available 不可得到NGS----Nonggongshang上海农工商NSW----North & Southwest Region 华北西南区NRB----Non returnable Bottler 不可回收的玻璃瓶NP----Net Profit 净利润OOI----Operation Income 营业收入OOS---Out Of Stock 断货OBM----Occasion Based Marketing 商机营销(节日营销) On-premise ----即饮On-going----进行中ODP----Outlet Delivery Partner 合作伙伴OPEX----Operation Expenses 行政费用OPG ----Olympic Project Group 奥林匹克项目组PPA&C----Public Affair & Communication 公共关系及传讯部PC----Physical Case 自然箱POP----Point of Purchase售点广告POM/POSM ----Post-Mix 现调PY---- Previous Year 去年Price-Off ----购买折扣President ---- 统一企业P101----101 Partners 101合作伙伴POI----Point of Interruption 消费者购买干扰点PR----Purchase Requisition 购买申请P&L----Profit & Loss 损益表Promoter----促销员QQ&A----Question and Answer 问与答QSR----Quick Service Restaurant快餐QI----Quality Index质量指标OTR----Olympic Torch Relay奥林匹克火炬接力RRB----Returnable Bottle 可回收玻璃瓶R&R----Role And Responsibility 角色与职责R&D----Research and Development 研发RA---- Assistant Representative 助理业务代表RTD----Ready to Drink即饮RGM----Revenue Growth Management 收入增长管理RT-Mart----大润发连锁超市SSS----Single-serves 个人包装SBU----Strategic Business Units 战略生意单位,如亚太集团SIBA----Standard International Bottler Agreement 全球标准装瓶协议SC----Sales Center 营业所SO----Sales office 办事处SR----Sales Representative 销售代表SKU---Stock Keeping Unit 库存单位SWOT---- SWOT分析法SM----Smart 醒目SSH----Shuisenhuo水森活S&C----South & Central Region 华南及中部区SCP----Shenmei Concentrate (PRC) 浓缩液厂SGP----Supplier Guiding Principle 供应商指导原则SIM----Sprite Ice Mint 雪碧冰薄荷SOV----Share of Voice 媒体点击分额SOS----Share of Spending媒体花费分额SCM----Supply Chain Management 供应链TTY----Tongyi统一企业TM----Time Management 时间管理TR----Trademark Registration 注册商标TVC---- Television Commercial 电视广告TBD---- To be Decided待定TBC----To be Confirmed待定TTL----Total 全部T1----Town I 一类城镇T2----Town II 二类城镇TG----Top of Gondola 端架UUC----Unit Case 标准箱UTC----Under the Cap 促销盖U1----Urban 1 一类城市U2----Urban 2 二类城市VVC----Value Chain 价值链VPO----Volume Per Outlets 单售点销量VPN----Virtual Private Network 虚拟个人连线VO----Venue Operation 场馆运营VIK----Value in Kind 产品供应服务WW/S ---- Wholesaler 批发商WHH ---- 娃哈哈公司WWS----World Wide Sports全球体育项目XX’mas ----Christmas 圣诞节YYTD ---- Year To Day 当年累计Task force Team 专业队伍Joint promotion with …. 与。

最近流行的中文缩略语

最近流行的中文缩略语

最近流行的中文缩略语
最近,随着社交网络的普及和人们表达方式的多样化,中文缩略语也越来越受欢迎。

以下是最近流行的几个中文缩略语:
1. 妥妥的(TTD):意为“肯定的”,表示对某件事情非常确定。

2. 感觉自己萌萌哒(GJZJMD):表示自己觉得自己很可爱、很萌。

3. 九零后(JLH):指出生在1990年代的人,也称为“90后”。

4. 七嘴八舌(QZBS):形容许多人在说话时都说个不停,互相竞相发表自己的看法。

5. 求安利(QAL):表示希望别人推荐自己感兴趣的事物或产品。

这些缩略语不仅方便了人们的表达,同时也反映了当下社会的流行趋势和年轻人的生活方式。

- 1 -。

英文缩略语大全

英文缩略语大全

很全的英文缩略语,与老外聊天不愁看不懂了和老外聊天、发邮件常用英语缩写,邮件里常用的四个英文缩写CC,FYI,ASAP,RESEND1. CC=Carbon copy 抄送2. FYI=for your reference 供你参考3. ASAP=as soon as possible 尽快4. RESEND! 重传数字:2 = to/too2B or not 2B = To be or not to be4 = for4ever = foreverA:ASL = Age/Sex/LocationAFAIC = As Far As I’m ConcernedAFAIK = As Far As I KnowAMBW = All My Best WishesAOTS = All Of The SuddenASAFP = As Soon As "Friggin" PossibleASAP = As Soon As PossibleATST = At The Same TimeB:B4 = BeforeB4N = Bye For NowBBIAB = Be Back In A BitBBIAF = Be Back In A FewBBL = Be Back LaterBBN = Bye Bye NowBF = Boy friendBFD = Big Fing DealBFN = Bye For NowBHOF = Bald Headed Old FartBIF = Basis In FactBITD = Back In The DayBiz = BusinessBM = Byte MeBMOTA = Byte Me On The AssBNF = Big Name FanBOHICA = Bend Over Here It Comes AgainBOM=bill of material 材料清单BR = Best regardsBRB = Be Right BackBRT = Be Right ThereBS = Big SmileBT = Byte ThisBTDT = Been There Done ThatBTSOOM = Beats The Sh Out Of MeBTW = By The WayBTWBO = Be There With Bells OnBWDIK = But What Do I Know?BWO = Black, White or OtherC:Cam = Web CameraCIAO = Goodbye (in Italian)CID = Consider It DoneCIS = CompuServe Information ServiceCMF = Count My FingersCof$ = Church of ScientologyCRAFT = Can’t Remember A Fing Thing CRAWS = Can’t Remember Anything Worth A Sh CSL = Can’t Stop LaughingCTC = Choaking The ChickenCU = See YouCUL/CYL/CUL8R = See You LaterCWYL = Chat With You LaterCYA = Cover Your AssD:DBEYR = Don’t Believe Everything You Read DD = Due DiligenceDDD = Direct Distance DialDETI = Don’t Even Think ItDGT = Don’t Go ThereDHYB = Don’t Hold Your BreathDIIK = Damned If I KnownDILLIGAD = Do I Look Like I Give A d\\amn DILLIGAS = Do I Look Like I Give A ShDKDC = Don’t Know Don’t CareDL = DownloadDLTM = Don’t Lie To MeDQYDJ = Don’t Quit You’re Day JobDRIB = Don’t Read If BusyDS = Dunce SmileyDYSTSOTT = Did You See The Size Of That ThingE:EG = Evil GrinEOM = End Of MessageESO = Equipment Smarter than OperatorF:F2F/FTF = Face To FaceFAQ = Frequently Asked QuestionFBKS = Failure Between Keyboard and SeatFE = For Example/Fatal ErrorFF&PN = Fresh Fields And Pastures NewFOAF = Friend Of A FriendFTASB = Faster Than A Speeding BulletFT = FaintFTL = Faster Than LightFTTB = For The Time BeingFUBAR = Fed Up Beyond All RecognitionFUBB = Fed Up Beyond BeliefFUD = (Spreading) Fear, Uncertainty, and Disinformation FWIW = For What It’s WorthFYA = For Your AmusementFYI = For Your InformationFYM = For Your MisinformationG:G2G = Got To GoG8T/GR8 = GreatGAL = Get A LifeGDGD = Good,GoodGF = girlfriendGG = Good Game/Gotta GoGIGO = Garbage In, Garbage OutGIWIST = Gee, I Wish I’d Said ThatGL = Good LuckGLYASDI = God Loves You And So Do IGMTA = Great Minds Think AlikeGNBLFY = Got Nothing But Love For YouGR&D = Grinning Running And DuckingGRRRR = "Growling"GSOAS = Go Sit On A SnakeGTG = Got To GoGTGB = Got To Go, ByeGTGP = Got To Go PeeGTH = Go To HellGTSY = Glad To See YaGYPO = Get Your Pants OffBE A QUEEN.H:HAGO = Have A Good OneHAK = Hugs And KissesHB = Hurry BackHD = HoldHHO1/2K = Ha Ha, Only Half KiddingHHOK = Ha Ha, Only KiddingHIOOC = Help! I’m Out Of CoffeeHowz = How isHTH = Hope This (That) HelpsHUA = Heads Up AceHUYA = Head Up Your AI:IAC = In Any CaseIAE = In Any EventIANAC = I Am Not A CrookIANAL = I Am Not A LawyerIBT = In Between TechnologyIBTD = I Beg To DifferIC = I See/In CharacterIDGAF = I Don’t Give A FIDGI = I Don’t Get ItIDK = I Don’t KnowIDKY = I Don’t Know YouIDST = I Didn’t Say ThatIDTS = I Don’t Think SoIFAB = I Found A BugIFU = I Fed UpIGGP = I Gotta Go PeeIIIO = Intel Inside, Idiot OutsideIIMAD = If It Makes An(y) DifferenceIIRC = If I Remember CorrectlyIIWM = If It Were MeILICISCOMK = I Laughed, I Cried, I Spat/Spilt Coffee/Crumbs/Coke On My KeyboardILY = I Love YouIMHO = In My Humble OpinionIMNSHO = In My Not So Humble OpinionIMO = In My OpinionINMP = It’s Not My ProblemINPO = In No Particular OrderIOH = I’m Outta HereIOW = In Other WordsIRL = In Real LifeISS = I Said SoITM = In The MoneyIYKWIM = If You Know What I MeanIYSS = If You Say SoJ:J/C = Just CheckingJ/K = Just Kidding!J/W = Just WonderingJAFO = Just Another Fing OnlookerK:K/KK = OK/OK, OKKFY = Kiss For YouKISS = Keep It Simple StupidKIT = Keep In TouchKMA = Kiss My AssKWIM = Know What I MeanKX = kissKYPO = Keep Your Pants OnL:L8R = LaterLD = Long DistanceLDTTWA = Let’s Do The Time Warp Again LLTA = Lots And Lots Of Thunderous Applause LMAO = Laughing My Ass OffLMK = Let Me KnowLOL = Laughing Out Loud/Lots Of Luck(Love) LTIC = Laughing ’Til I CryLTNS = Long Time No SeeLYL = Love Ya LotsLYLAS = Love You Like A SisterM:M8T = MateMHOTY = My Hat’s Off To YouMM = Market MakerMorF = Male or Female?MOTD = Message Of The DayMOTSS = Members Of The Same SexMTFBWY = May The Force Be With YouMWBRL = More Will Be Revealed LaterMYOB = Mind Your Own BusinessN:N = And/Know/NowNAK = Nursing At KeyboardNAZ = Name, Address, Zip (also means Nasdaq)NBD = No Big DealNBIF = No Basis In FactNFI = No Fing IdeaNFW = No Fing WayNIFOC = Nude In Front Of The ComputerNM = Never MindNMP = Not My ProblemNMU = Nothing Much YouNOYB = None Of Your BusinessNP = No ProblemNQOCD = Not Quite Our Class DearNRG = EnergyNRN = No Reply NecessaryNYCFS = New York City Finger SaluetO:OAUS = On An Unrelated SubjectOBTW = Oh, By The WayOIC = Oh, I SeeOICU = Oh, I See YouOMDB = Over My Dead BodyOMG = Oh My God/Oh My GoshOMIK = Open Mouth, Insert KeyboardONNA = Oh No, Not AgainOOC = Out Of CharacterOOTB = Out Of The Box/Out Of The BlueOT = Off TopicOTOH = On The Other HandOWTTE = Or Words To That EffectOZ = stands for "Australia"P:PEBCAK = Problem Exists Between Chair And KeyboardPEM = Privacy Enhanced MailPic = PicturePIMP = Peeing In My PantsPITA = Pain In The AssPLS/PLZ = PleasePMFJI = Pardon Me For Jumping InPO = Piss Off /product order/purchase order POS = Parents Over Shoulder POV = Point Of ViewPPL = PeoplePro = ProfessionalPS = By The Way/PhotoshopS:SS:spring/summerT:TAH = Take A HikeTANSTAAFL = There Ain’t No Such Thing As A Free LunchTARFU = Things Are Really Fed UpTDTM = Talk Dirty To MeTEOTWAWKI = The End Of The World As We Know ItTFN = Thanks For Nothin’THX/TX/THKS = ThanksTIA = Thanks In AdvanceTIAIL = Think I Am In LoveTIC = Tongue In CheekTKS/TKX=ThanksTLA = Three Letter AcronymTLGO = The List Goes OnTM = Trust MeTMI = Too Much InformationTMTOWTDI = There’s More Than One Way To Do ItTPTB = The Powers That BeTSR = Totally Stuck in RAMTTFN = Ta Ta For NowTTT = That’s The Ticket/To The TopTTUL/TTYL = Talk To You LaterTWHAB = This Won’t Hurt A BitTY = Thank YouTYVM = Thank You Very MuchU:U = YouUR = YourU R = You areunPC = unPolitically CorrectURYY4M = You Are Too Wise For MeV:VFM = Values For MoneyVG = Very GoodW:WAG = Wild Ass GuessWAI = What An IdiotWB = Welcome BackWCA = Who Cares AnywayWDYS = What Did You Say?WDYT = What Do You Think?WE = WhateverWEG = Wicked Evil GrinWG = Wicked GrinWGAFF = Who Gives A Flying FWIIFM = What’s In It For Me?WIT = Wordsmith In TrainingWITFITS = What in the F is this ShWOG = Wise Old GuyWot/Wut = WhatWRT = With Respect To/With Regard To WTF = What The FWTG = Way To Go!WTSDS = Where The Sun Don’t Shine WYMM = Will You Marry MeWYP = What’s Your Problem?WYRN = What’s Your Real Name?WYS = Whatever You SayWYSIWYG = What You See Is What You Get WYT = Whatever You ThinkX:X U = Kiss YouY:Y = WhyYa = YouYA = Yet AnotherYAFIYGI = You Asked For It You Got ItYDKM = You Don’t Know MeYep/Yup = YesYGBK = You Gotta Be Kiddin’YMMV = Your Mileage May VaryYNK = You Never KnowYOYO = You’re On Your OwnYR = Yeah, RightYSYD = Yeah, Sure You DoYTTT = You Telling The Truth? YYSSW = Yeah Yeah Sure Sure Whatever。

缩略语知识点大全

缩略语知识点大全

习用性(既是常用的,又是定型的)
语法特征
识别方法 提取方法 还原方法
1.汉语缩略语与其非缩略形式虽然词汇意义相同,但语法功 能不一定相同。2.缩略语的语法功能与构成方式有关。3.略 语与原形功能基本一致。4.数字缩略语主要是名词性的。5. 缩略语大多是名词。
基于用户查询日志和锚文字的汉语缩略语识别法、行缩略语 对应原语言的还原法、余弦相似度方法、在生语料中自动抽 取现代汉语缩略语的方法。 缩略语词典的自扩展缩略语词典的方法、在生语料中自动抽 取现代汉语缩略语的自扩展缩略语词典方法、基于互联网, 实现英语缩略语源词组及中文翻译的自动获取方法。 基于模糊匹配的缩略语还原算法、利用匹配概率和共现概率 进行缩略语对应原语言的还原法。
省力原则
解读过程 产生条件 缩略机制
首先是激活扩散,然后确定选项。
约定俗成、使用范围要广、不应产生歧义、确实有缩略的必 要
约定性缩略、理据性缩略
特点 类别 判定 选择规则
原因 条件
对应性、能产性强、缩略语构成成分选择上的规律性
1.按照缩略的主观作用来分,可分为自然缩略、故意缩略、 预期缩略、超前的故意缩略、个别性的故意缩略。2.按照缩 略代表形式的选用,可分为以因素为选用单位的缩略、以音 节为基础的缩略、以语素为基础的缩略、以下位词为单位的 缩略、表项缩略。3.按缩略成型来分,可分为整体缩略、部 分缩略、缩略后调整。 1.原式成分间关系较固定。2.时间上的后随性。3.形式上的 可逆性。 1.词汇层面的缩略自然选择规则:语序选择:首词优先、首 字优先、末字末词的采用。2.长度的选择:双音化、三音形 式、四音形式。类比舍去、先入为主、结构和语义字义作用: 缩略中的结构影响、缩略中的语义和字义影响。3.故意缩略 的选择规则:有理化倾向、类比采用、语义重心选择、表意 倾向、心理选择。 1.汉语构词法的独特性。2.双音化历史传统沿革和人们求简 心理。3.社会时代发展的客观需要。

商务英语 缩略语

商务英语 缩略语

商务英语缩略语Business English Abbreviations1. ASAP (As Soon As Possible): 尽快; 尽可能快地2. B2B (Business-to-Business): 企业对企业的3. B2C (Business-to-Consumer): 企业对消费者的4. CAGR (Compound Annual Growth Rate): 复合年增长率5. CAPEX (Capital Expenditure): 资本支出6. CEO (Chief Executive Officer): 首席执行官7. CFO (Chief Financial Officer): 首席财务官8. CIO (Chief Information Officer): 首席信息官9. COO (Chief Operating Officer): 首席运营官10. CRM (Customer Relationship Management): 客户关系管理11. CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility): 企业社会责任12. CV (Curriculum Vitae): 简历13. DFD (Data Flow Diagram): 数据流程图14. ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning): 企业资源计划15. FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions): 常见问题16. FIFO (First-In, First-Out): 先进先出17. FTE (Full-Time Equivalent): 全职等价18. GDP (Gross Domestic Product): 国内生产总值19. HR (Human Resources): 人力资源20. HQ (Headquarters): 总部21. ICT (Information and Communications Technology): 信息和通信技术22. IPO (Initial Public Offering): 首次公开募股23. IT (Information Technology): 信息技术24. JIT (Just-In-Time): 及时生产25. KPI (Key Performance Indicator): 关键绩效指标26. LLC (Limited Liability Company): 有限责任公司27. LTD (Limited): 有限公司28. LIFO (Last-In, First-Out): 后进先出29. LOHAS (Lifestyles of Health and Sustainability): 健康与可持续生活方式30. MBA (Master of Business Administration): 工商管理硕士31. MNC (Multinational Corporation): 跨国公司32. OPEX (Operating Expenditure): 营运支出33. P&L (Profit and Loss): 损益表34. PC (Personal Computer): 个人电脑35. PO (Purchase Order): 采购订单36. POS (Point of Sale): 销售终端37. PR (Public Relations): 公共关系38. RDBMS (Relational Database Management System): 关系数据库管理系统39. ROI (Return on Investment): 投资回报率40. RFP (Request for Proposal): 投标邀请书41. RFQ (Request for Quotation): 询价42. R&D (Research and Development): 研发43. SaaS (Software as a Service): 软件即服务44. SEO (Search Engine Optimization): 搜索引擎优化45. SME (Small and Medium-sized Enterprise): 中小企业46. SMART (Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, Time-bound): 具体的、可衡量的、可实现的、相关的、有时限的47. SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats): 优势、劣势、机会、威胁48. TCO (Total Cost of Ownership): 总拥有成本49. UPS (Uninterruptible Power Supply): 不间断电源50. URL (Uniform Resource Locator): 统一资源定位符51. USP (Unique Selling Proposition): 独特销售主张52. VAT (Value-Added Tax): 增值税53. WIP (Work in Progress): 在制品54. WFH (Work from Home): 在家工作55. WWW (World Wide Web): 万维网以上是商务英语中常见的缩略语及其中文含义。

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缩略语Acc Accelerate(加速)BF Breaker failure(断路器失灵)BRCB Bufer Report Control Bloc (有缓存报告控制块)CID Configured IED Description(IED实例配置文件)CT Current transformer(电流互感器)Dev Device(设备)Err Error(错误)Fst First(第一个)GOOSE,Go Generic object oriented substation events(面向通用对象的变电站事件)IED Intelligent Electronic Device(智能电子设备)ICD IED Capability Description(IED能力描述文件)Long Long(长期的)OC Over current(过电流)OV Over voltage(过电压)Pers Persist, persistent(持续性的)Pmt Permit, permitted(许可)PT Voltage transformer(电压互感器)RPIT Remote Process Interface TerminalSCD Substation Configuration Description(全站系统配置文件)Sig Signal(信号)SSD System Specification Description(系统规格文件)Strp Strap(压板)SV Sampled value(采样值)URCB Unbufered Report Control Block (无缓存报告控制块)UV Under voltage(欠电压)ACSI Abstract Communication Service Interface(抽象通信服务接口)AIS Air Insulated Switchgear(空气绝缘开关)CB Circuit Breaker(断路器)CDC Common Data Class(公用数据类)DO Data Object(数据对象)EMC Electromagnetic Compability(电磁兼容性)按以下几种类型进行划分:a)公用LD,inst名为“LD0”;b)测量LD,inst名为“MEAS”;c)保护LD,inst名为“PROT”;d)控制LD,inst名为“CTRL”;e)保护测控过程层访问点的LD,inst名为“PI”;f)智能终端LD,inst名为“RPIT”;g)录波LD,inst名为“RCD”;h)合并单元LD,inst名为“MU”。

注:若装置中同一类型的LD超过一个可通过添加两位数字尾缀,如MU01、MU02。

S--结构(Structure)D--数据(Data)O--对象(Object)I--实例化(Instantiation)A--属性(Attribute)desc--描述(describe)LD--逻辑设备LN--逻辑节点LLN0--管理逻辑节点LPHD--物理设备逻辑节点Units--单位FCDA--功能约束数据属性Template--模板,样板参数数据集--dsParameter定值数据集--dsSettingSelectActiveSG--(选择激活定值组)SelectEditSG--(选择编辑定值组)SetSGValuess--(设置定值组值)ConfirmEditSGValues--(确认编辑定值组值)GetSGValues (读定值组值)GetSGCBValues(读定值组控制块值)GGIO--般开入开出GAPC--通用逻辑节点类型GetServerDirectory----服务器目录GetLogicalDeviceDirectory----逻辑设备目录efin GetLogicaNodeDirectory----逻辑节点目录GetDataDirectory----读数据目录GetDataDefinition----读数据定义GetDataValues----读数据值SetDataValues----读数据数值GetDataSetDirectory----读数据集定义GetDataSetValues----读数据集值Report----报告GetBRCBValues----读缓存报告控制块SetBRCBValues----设置缓存报告控制块GetURCBValues----读非缓存报告控制块SetURCBValues----设置非缓存报告控制块SelectActiveSG----选取激活定值组SelectEditSG----选择编辑定值组SetSGValuess----设置定值组值ConfirmEditSGValues----确认编辑定值组值GetSGValues----读定值组值GetSGCBValues----读定值组控制块值COMTRADE----GOOSE报文中的符号意思:StNum----状态号SqNum----顺序号##组态:Configuration利用应用软件中提供的工具、方法,完成工程中某一具体任务的过程。

##组态软件:又称组态监控软件系统软件。

SCADA(Supervispry control and data Acquisition)数据采集与监视控制。

**GOOSE报文发送的多播地址、APPID应一致;对于同一次发送,两个GOOSE报文APDU 部分应完全相同;**GOOSE接收方应严格检查APPID、GOID、GOCBRef、DataSet、ConfRev等参数是否匹配;**GOOSE时标:供保护使用的信号不应带时标,考虑智能终端现场应用的简单可靠,供测控使用的信号宜不带时标信息。

若发送的GOOSE信号须带时标信息,每个时标信息以DA 方式紧跟信号排放;SV--APPID应在4000--7FFF范围同步方式宜采用IEC61588 V2对时方式;逻辑节点零----LLN0逻辑节点保护通道----PSCH逻辑节点保护跳闸----PTRC逻辑节点三相不一致----PPDP逻辑节点差动保护----PDIF逻辑节点距离保护----PDIS逻辑节点过流保护----PTOC逻辑节点复压闭锁过流保护----PVOC逻辑节点过压保护----PTOV逻辑节点过励磁保护----PVPH逻辑节点断路器失灵保护----RBRF逻辑节点远跳就地判别----RRTC逻辑节点振荡闭锁----RPSB逻辑节点自动重合闸----RREC逻辑节点冷控失电----SCAS逻辑节点电流互感器----TCTR逻辑节点电压互感器----TVTR逻辑节点联闭锁----CILO逻辑节点自动分接头调节控制----ATCC逻辑节点过热保护----PTTR低周保护----PTUF低压保护----PTUV逻辑节点接地故障----PSDE逻辑节点故障测距----RFLO同期检查----RSYN逻辑节点备用电源自投----RBZT逻辑节点电力变压器----YPTP逻辑节点电动机----ZMOT**测控装置预定义下列数据集,前面为数据集描述,括号中为数据集名:a.遥测(dsAin)b.遥信(dsDin)c.故障信息(dsAlarm)d.告警信息(dsWarning)e.通信工况(dsCommState)f.装置参数(dsParameter)g.GOOSE信号(dsGOOSE)**保护装置预定义下列数据集,前面为数据集描述,括号中为数据集名:a.保护事件(dsTripInfo)b.保护遥信(dsRelayDin)c.保护压板(dsRelayEna)d.保护录波(dsRelayRec)e.保护遥测(dsRelayAin)f.故障信号(dsAlarm)g.告警信号(dsWarning)h.通信工况(dsCommState)i.装置参数(dsParameter)j.保护定值(dsSetting)k.GOOSE信号(dsGOOSE)l.采样值(dsSV)m.日志记录(dsLog)##遥测类报告控制块使用无缓冲报告控制块类型,报告控制块名称以urcb开头;遥信、告警类报告控制为有缓冲报告控制块类型,报告控制块以brcb开头。

**测控装置预定义下列报告控制块,前面为描述,括号中为数据集名:a.遥测(urcbAin)b.遥信(brcbDin)c.故障信息(brcbAlarm)d.告警信息(brcbWarning)e.通信工况(brcbCommState)**报告装置预定义下列报告控制块,前面为描述,括号中为数据集名:a.保护事件(brcbTripInfo)b.保护遥信(brcbRelayDin)c.保护压板(brcbRelayEna)d.保护录波(brcbRelayRec)e.保护遥测(brcbRelayAin)f.故障信号(brcbAlarm)g.告警信号(brcbWarning)h.通信工况(brcbCommState)故障报告信息:TripInfo----部分记录故障过程中的保护动作事件;FaultInfo----部分记录故障过程中的故障电流、故障电压、故障相、故障距离的信息;DigitalStatus----部分记录故障前装置开入自检等信息状态;DigitalEvent----部分记录保护故障过程中装置开入自检等信息的变化事件;SettingValue----部分记录故障前装置定值的值;标识:断路器————XCBR隔离开关————XSWI(相关控制CSWI)闭锁状态————CILO距离保护----Distance protection差动保护----Differential protection过流保护----Overcurrent欠电压----Undervoltage方向过功率----Directional over power电压频率继电器----Volts per Hz relay瞬时接地故障----Transient Earth FaultST:状态MX:测量CO:控制SG:当前区定值SE:编辑区定值fBR:缓冲型报告控制块RP:非缓冲型报告控制块TrgOps:报告触发选项,数据集中的数据在何种条件下通过报告上送dchg:数据变化上送qchg:品质变化上送dupd:数据更新上送,目前一般不用period:周期上送短地址映射格式DataType –数据类型:—CPU2.Mea_Data.INF.value 遥测—CPU2.SG_Data. 1. INF.value 保护定值、投退—CPU1.RSV_Data. INF.value 开入—CPU5.RSV_Data. INF.value 软压板状态—CPU1.RCV_Data. INF.value 开关遥控、信号复归—CPU5.RCV_Data. INF.value 软压板遥控—CPU1.EVE_Data. INF.value 保护事件、告警1.统一扩充的逻辑节点类,见附录A和附录B;其他逻辑节点类参照IEC61850标准7-4部分;2.统一扩充的公用数据类,见附录C;3.保护测控功能用的数据属性类型按附录D统一定义,不宜自定义;4.装置支持的服务按附录F中的要求实现。

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