例谈英语阅读中长难句的解析总结模板计划模板.doc

例谈英语阅读中长难句的分析
导读 : 从近年高考试题来看，有些结构较复杂的长难句，往
往是某些细节理解题、推理判断题、正误判断题的依据；同
时对解答段落大意、主旨标题类题目也有直接的或间接的作用。

因此，正确分析和理解英语中的长难句就显得非常重
要。

英语中的长难句往往一个从句套着一个
从近年高考试题来看，有些结构较复杂的长难句，往往
是某些细节理解题、推理判断题、正误判断题的依据；同时
对解答段落大意、主旨标题类题目也有直接的或间接的作
用。

因此，正确分析和理解英语中的长难句就显得非常重
要。

英语中的长难句往往一个从句套着一个从句，环环相
扣，或使用一些特殊的语法结构或手段，如省略、倒装、分
隔结构、介词短语、插入语等，使得考生弄不清楚整个句子结构，对理解造成了障碍。

其实，不管句子有多复杂，句子
有多长，它主要由两部分组成：主干部分和修饰部分。

主干
部分是整个句子的骨架，是句子要说明的核心内容，通常为
主谓（宾）结构或主系表结构；而修饰成分在句中起修饰或
补充说明主干的作用，它可以是单词、短语、非谓语动词、
介词短语、插入语，也可以是各种名词性从句、形容词性从
句或状语从句等。

下面结合一些阅读文章中的长难句，介绍一种常用的分
析长难句的方法——结构分析法。

所谓结构分析法，就是通过语法分析，迅速弄清句子的
结构，把握住句子的基本框架。

基本步骤是：第一步：找连词，确定是复杂的简单句，还是并列句或复合句，注意关系
词或连接词的提示；第二步：找到句子的主干部分，分清主
语和谓语，划出第一层的从句；第三步：先分析第一层从
句，然后再分析第二层、第三层从句，或分析非谓语动词、
插入成分或倒装结构等。

1.(Baby hoatzins have a claw on the leading edge
of each wing and another at the end of each wing up.)
Using these four claws, together with the beak(喙), they can climb about in the bushes, looking very much
like primitive birds must have done.（2010年，全国卷
I，阅读 C篇)
What can we infer about primitive birds from the
text
A. They had claws to help them climb.
B. They could fly long distances.
C. They had four wings like a hoatzins.
D. They had a head with long feathers on the top.
答案： A。

分析：本句比较复杂，分别使用了现在分词、介词短语以及状语从句等。

句子的主干部分为they can climb about
in the bushes( 其中 they 指上句出现的 baby hoatzins), looking very much like primitive birds must have done, looking very much like...为现在分词短语作状语，其中like primitive birds must have done（done替代climbed ）为状语从句；现在分词using these four claws
为方式状语，介词短语together with the beak作状语。

参考译文：他们能够使用这四个爪子和喙在丛林中爬来
爬去，看上去很像原始鸟类那样。

2.Dogs owners didn ’t lose any more weight than
those without dogs but, say researchers, got more
exercise overall—mostly with their dogs—and found it worth doing.(2010,全国卷I,阅读D篇) In the sentence, we can learn that the
researchers reported that ________________.
A. people with dogs did more exercise
B. dogs lost the same weight as people did
C. dogs liked exercise much more than people did
D. people without dogs found it useful doing
exercise with dogs
答案： A。

分析：从连词 but, and来看，该句主要为几个并列谓
语，即 didn ’t lose any more weight..., but, got more exercise overall... and found it worth doing，其中第一个谓语后有一个省略了的比较状语从句than those without dogs,在but后还有一个插入成分say researchers ，破折号—mostly with their dogs进行补充
v1.0可编辑可修改说明。

参考译文：养狗的人并不比不养狗的人体重下降多少，
但是，据研究人员说， ( 他们 ) 能够得到全身心的锻炼—多数和他们的狗一起—而且还发现这很值得（去做）。

3.For another example, if your colleague causes
you problems on the job for lack of responsibility or
ability, find ways of dealing with his
irresponsibility or inability rather than simply
blame the person. (2010,广东卷，阅读B篇)
When your colleague brings about a problem, you
should _____________.
A. find a better way to handle the problem
B. blame him for his lack of responsibility
C. tell him to find the cause of the problem
D. ask a more able colleague for help
答案： A。

分析：通过连词if可知，本句是个复合句，主句为祈使
句 find ways of dealing with...，在从句中on the job作
problems 的定语， for lack of...为介词短语作原因状语, 在主句中 rather than simply blame the person作状语，与前面的 dealing with...并列。

参考译文：再例如，如果你的同事因缺失责任心或能力
不足给你工作造成的问题，应寻找解决缺乏责任心或能力不
足问题的办法，而不是简单地去责备这个人。

4.Reuters( 路透社 ) — Robots that can chat, find misplaced glasses, draw airplanes and play with
children are attracting thousands of visitors during
an exhibition in Tokyo. (创编题)
What kind of robots will be introduced in the
following paragraphs
A. Robots that can help explore the moon.
B. Robots that can help special people such
as the old, the young or the lonely.
C. Robots that can work in dangerous situation
instead of workers
D. Robots that can assist scientists in doing the
experiment
答案： B。

分析：由 that can chat, find ...来看，这是一个含定语从句的复合句，且定语从句有多个谓语，即chat,
find ..., draw ... and play...，主句为Robots are attracting thousands of visitors ...，同时后面还跟有一个 as 引导的原因状语从句。

参考译文：路透社—在东京展览会上展出的机器人，吸引了成千上万的参观者，它们能与人聊天，能发现放错地
方的玻璃杯，能画飞机，也能与孩子玩耍。

5.He (Confucius) assumed that all men were equal
at birth, though some had more potential than others,
and that it was knowledge that set them apart. (2010,
江西卷，阅读 C篇)
v1.0可编辑可修改。