2010.7《商务英语阅读》考试大纲
商务英语阅读教学大纲(王关富)
课程名称：商务英语阅读( Business English Reading )《商务英语阅读》教学大纲一、课程说明《商务英语阅读》课程是英语专业（国际商务）的专业课程，是学生在进行英语基础课程学习后，涉及商务英语知识学习，商务英语语言学习的重要课程，旨在有系统、有步骤地训练和培养学生用英语表达与国际商务活动有关的术语名称、机构名称、协议并具备将文章译成正确流畅的汉语能力。
本课程是在英语专业（国际商务）的学生进行英语基础课程学习后开设的课程，有助于今后商务课程的学习。
本课程的教学时间安排是：每周4学时，计划教学周数 19周，总课时数76学时，其中实践学时数为34学时，主要内容是阅读商务类动态国际新闻时事并讨论。
本课程总学分数：4学分二、学时分配表三、教学目的与要求本课程的教学目的：《商务英语阅读》是英语专业（国际商务）的一门主要课程，着重通过对当前热门的商务英语文章进行精讲，分析，使学生能够系统的学习。
增加商务英语的基本词汇、掌握商务的基本理论和语言交际的基本技能，为培养适合现代经济、文化和社会发展需要服务。
学生通过学习能够成为从事国内外商务活动的外语复合型人才和商贸英语翻译人才。
本课程各章的教学要求和知识考核点如下：第一章中国模式为何奏效通过本课程的学习使学生了解中国与欧美国家自由市场经济不同的经济模式—计划经济与市场经济并存所取得的成效，了解中国领导人进行市场改革开放以来的作为与成就，成功的因素，以及与西方经济模式对比之下的不同之处。
本章的主要知识点是：计划市场经济、自由市场经济及中国改革开放。
难点是：课文生词应用，white goods白色家电，如冰箱，洗衣机，微波炉，消毒碗柜等，premium brands高档品牌的商品。
第二章全球现状新解本章通过了解第三世界国家新兴市场的观点和论说，并从历史的角度帮助学生体会对经济规模和管理的发展趋势。
本章的主要知识点是：供应链、库存周转率、规模经济、产业调整等。
商务英语阅读(三)教学大纲与考试大纲
湖南应用技术学院商务英语阅读教程教学大纲、外国语学院《商务英语阅读教程（三）》教学大纲课程代码：02 开课学期：第二学年第一学期适用专业：商务英语专业学时：32编写教师：学分：2审核：陈勇、郭俊兰、张霞辉审批：陈勇第一部分说明一、课程的性质、作用本课程是为商务英语专业开设的必修课程。
本课程的作用在于传授学生有关的阅读与技巧，提升学生的商务英语阅读水平与理解能力，扩大阅读词汇，增加英语国家文化背景知识，为学生参加专业四、八级考试及其他形式的英语考试奠定良好的基础。
学生通过有目的、较系统地阅读英语国家纸媒和网媒的精选文章，逐渐掌握泛读的基本技巧，了解一些英美国家的历史、文化、地理、政治、军事、法律、经济、金融、体育、经贸、环保、能源等方面的基本知识。
从而为学生独立阅读各种商务英语文章打下良好的基础。
二、课程的任务与基本要求本课程的任务是提高阅读速度，强调阅读速度与理解能力并重；掌握文章体裁、风格及相应的阅读方法；扩大词汇量，掌握基本句式，较能通顺的翻译句子和段落；较熟练地概括文章段落大意，培养较强的文章分就析归纳能力；较全面的了解英语国家政治、经济、文化、科技等方面的知识；增加英语国家背景知识，增强跨文化交际能力。
本课程重点讲述商务英语阅读的基本原理、阅读技巧和实践方法，侧重于英语学习者语言综合知识的运用。
因而，在本课程的教学过程中，必须使学生真正透彻地领会诸如阅读的过程、图式理论、构词法、猜词技巧、句子与句子的关系、话题与话题句、要旨、推理与判断、文体与风格等阅读理论内涵；要注重阅读理论与阅读实践的紧密结合，处理好阅读速度与理解之间的关系，避免知识的重复和脱节，从而使学生能够得到比较系统而全面的英语阅读基本技能。
三、教学方法建议针对阅读课教学的自身特点，课堂教学应贯穿以学生为主体、教师为主导的教学模式。
在讲解阅读技巧的同时应辅以大量的阅读实践，在大量的阅读过程中体会并掌握各种阅读方法，达到逐渐提高阅读理解能力与阅读速度的目的。
2010年全国新课标高考英语考试大纲
2010年全国新课标高考考试大纲:英语2010年某某高考英语考试内容、形式及试卷结构与2009年基本保持一致，试题强调学生灵活运用语言的能力，难度较去年略有所上升。
题目设置规X，没有偏题、怪题。
下面就各题型作逐一分析和点评。
一、听力部分听力测试仍以考查学生对口头英语进行信息获取、整理、预测、理解、判断等能力为主。
内容基本为日常生活中常见的话题，具体考查包括：1.理解主旨要义；2.获取事实性的具体信息；3.对所听内容作出简单推断；4.理解说话者的意图、观点或态度等。
答题过程中要冷静细心，全面听题和慎重判断。
二、基础知识部分1. 单项选择与09年一样今年试题仍然安排了一定数量的知识掌握检测题，表达了“知识与能力并重〞的思想，考查常用代词1道，动词短语1道，动词辨析1道，交际语2道，名词辨析1道，虚拟语气1道，强调句1道，时态2道，从句2道，非谓语2道，情态动词1道。
试题表达了语法并不是静止的语言知识，而是一种语言技能和动态应用的过程，包括形式、意义和运用三个方面，只有真正看懂了句子的意思，才能做出正确的选择。
该大题撇开了传统语言知识的直接考查，而需要从语义、语境角度着手，运用语言知识。
2．完形填空完形填空重点考查学生对语义、语境、语篇的深层次理解，该题要求考生具备一定的逻辑思维能力，对该短文的理解程度和对试题的完成情况，能充分反映出考生综合运用英语的能力。
此次完形填空题的设空，仍以实词为主，较去年相比题材有所变化。
体裁为说明文，这一体裁对学生而言，不太熟悉和适应，难度略有上升。
三、阅读理解今年某某省英语试卷阅读理解题材与体裁广泛，要求考生达到一定阅读速度。
这次阅读理解文章其选材多来源于真实生活，考查面较广。
词汇量方面能与新课标紧密结合，有一定导向作用。
考察的内容具体包括：理解主旨和要义题、捕捉细节了解文中具体信息题、推理判断题、推断词义题、理解文章基本结构题、理解作者的意图和态度等，和去年相比，难度适中，比较平稳，易于得到高分。
《商务英语阅读》教学大纲.doc
《商务英语阅读》课程教学大纲学分：4学时：62适用专业：商务英语%1.课程性质（定位）与任务课程性质：本课程为基础专业技能课程。
该课程以“得法于课内，得益于课外”的理念为指导，课内任务是对学生进行有针对性的阅读技能的训练，提高其阅读速度与理解能力，同时扩充学生的词汇量，提升语言、文化和商务相关知识；课外任务是通过大量的阅读实践来增强学生的英语语感，使学生逐步养成爱阅读、会阅读的良好习惯，掌握篇章概括方法，培养学生在资料检索及获取、资料整理、资料分析和资料使用方面的能力。
课程目标：通过本课程系统的学习，1）培养学生的一般阅读能力，使学生阅读一般难度的材料的速度达到每分钟70-100个单词，理解准确率至少达到70%o；2）培养学生的快速阅读能力，能熟练运用速读、略读、查读和浏览的技巧，阅读一般难度的材料的速度达到每分钟100T20个单词；3）培养学生细致观察语言、分析归纳、假设判断及推理等能力，能根据上下文线索、构词知识、句子结构等语法的、篇章的知识猜测词义，理解文章的中心思想和主要观点，能对文章做出较好的总结概括；4）通过广泛的阅读，使学生了解商务领域中英语的语言特点，熟悉与商务有关的文化、风俗等各种背景知识，培养学生的跨文化商务交际意识；5）通过广泛的阅读，使学生熟悉经贸题材的文章结构，能快速的查找到具体的信息和细节，并能作出正确的判断推理。
平行课程：综合英语英语语法后续课程：商务英语翻译商务英语二、课程目标知识目标要求学生了解一般的商务常识，熟悉商务文本的语言特点和行文方式，掌握与具体商务活动相关的表达方式，提高他们的语言、文化和商务相关知识。
技能目标：能熟练运用不同的阅读技巧在限定的时间内找到有用的信息；能正确理解一些长难句；能准确且快速地概括出文章的要点和主要结构；具有一定的独立分析问题、理解问题的能力；具有一定的批判性思维。
素质目标：要求学生具有遵纪守时、认真负责、积极主动、团结协作、开拓创新、严谨求实等职业道德，以及资料检索、语言表达、组织协调、自我学习等综合能力。
商务英语阅读自学考试课程考试大纲
商务英语阅读自学考试课程考试大纲商务写作（一）课内训练（重点）识记：1. When Banker’s Bets Go Bad银行家的猜测落空名词解释：OCC: Office of the Comptroller of the Currency 通货监理局Alan Greenspan 艾伦·格林斯潘，美联储主席句子翻译：1)The bank had doubled profits in the past year via a string of successfulmergers, but on Apr. 21 it reported that its securities portfolio hadunrealized losses of nearly $131 million.2)We’re considering strategies that make the most sense if rates are goingup much more aggressively and sooner than anticipated.2. Creating Government Financing Programs for Small and Medium-sizedEnterprises in China中国为中小型企业提供政府财政援助项目名词解释：Labor-intensive 劳动密集型SME: small and medium-sized enterprise 中小型企业SOE: state-owned enterprises 国有企业句子翻译：In China, as a result of the economic reforms and market opening measures, SMEs have enjoyed remarkable development and have grown tobecome an important force in contributing towards sustained and rapid growthof the Chinese economic.（三）课外练习（一般）理解：1.Carlyle Group’s Asian Invasion加雷集团的亚洲扩张名词解释：V enture-capital 风险资本Carlyle Group 凯雷投资集团Citigroup 花旗集团2. Why the Dollar Is Blooming Again为什么美元再次复兴？名词解释：Greenback 美元（俚语）Lehman Brothers Inc 雷曼兄弟公司European Central Bank 欧洲中央银行Federal Reserve Bank 美国联邦储备银行（四）拓展阅读（一般）理解：1. How Banks Pretty up the Profit Picture银行如何美化收益前景2. Thai Stocks What Goes Up泰国股市：到底是怎么了？3. Inventing to Order以市场为导向开发产品4. I t’s an Office Party in Hong Kong香港办公楼地价之争第二单元人力资源管理（一）课内训练（重点）识记：1. China’s Problem of Labor中国人力资源问题名词解释：Confucian heritage 孔子遗训Micro-managing 微观管理Job rotation 轮岗句子翻译：1)Many underestimate the cost of local staff. Chinese graduates often havean inflated view of their own, complain some foreign managers.Multinationals are als o competing for talent with China’s domesticcompanies, which need to improve the quality of their people as theirmarkets open to foreign rivals.2)But the growing shortage of executive talent may make the growthassumptions written into many business plans over-optimistic.2. No Prizes for Runners-up奖励只给最优秀的员工名词解释：Redundancy payment 冗余支出Benefit package 福利包Merit budget 贡献奖Flexible reward 灵活的奖励方式Egalitarian Europe “人人平等的欧洲”句子翻译：1\But benchmarking employees, and then paying them different rates, can turn out to be a minefield if handled badly.2\Those that want rewards to be cost-effective but memorable are seeking the services of firms that specialize in employee recognition.（三）课外练习（一般）理解：1. The Inside Story（PartⅠThe Power of Online HR Management）背景故事：（一、在线人力资源管理的威力）名词解释：Ford 美国福特汽车公司BP British Petroleum 英国石油公司Outsource 人力资源外包Holiday entitlement 员工休假权Expatriate employee 外派员工2. The Inside Story（PartⅡOnline Training as an Alternative）背景故事：（二、在线培训）名词解释：Curriculum Vitae 个人履历表（四）拓展阅读（一般）理解：1. Organized Labor Revival（PartⅠAre Unions Declining in Europe?）工会组织的复兴（一、欧洲工会组织正在消亡？）2. Organized Labor Revival（PartⅡUnion Revival，True or Not?）工会组织的复兴（二、工会组织正在复兴？）3. Case Study Is There a Nice Way to Fire Y our Employees?案例分析：真有合理地解雇员工的好办法吗？4. Hold that Body Count!人力的真正意义!第三单元市场（一）课内训练（重点）识记：1. Celebrity Endorsements as a Strategy营销策略之名人效应名词解释：Bill Cosby 比尔·考斯比，美国黑人，喜剧之父句子翻译：Alternatively, advertisers can choose to use “spokescharacters”.Owens-Corning has used the Pink Panther for nearly 20 years to endorse itsinsulation products, and Metropolitan Life has used the Peanuts gang topromote its insurance policies. Another way advertisers protect themselves isby using deceased celebrities. Through the wonders of technology, televisionviewers see screen legends John Wayne pitching Coors beer and Fred Astairedancing with a Dirt Devil vacuum cleaner.2. Challenges in Global Advertising and Promotion 广告及销售全球化的挑战名词解释：A von China Inc. 雅芳（中国）公司FedEx 联邦快递，全球最大的快递公司James Bond 詹姆斯·邦德，代号007，全球知名的英式间谍形象句子翻译：1)The style of the ad. Is also important, because comparative ads, whileacceptable and even common in the United States and Canada, are lesscommonly used in the United Kingdom, unacceptable in Japan, and illegalin India and Brazil.2)Coca-Cola’s Indian subsidiary was forced to end a promotion that offeredprizes such as a trip to Hollywood, because it encouraged customers to buyin order to gamble, in violation of India’s established trade practices.（理解：1. Advertisement 广告名词解释：Bureau of Public Enterprise, BPE 国有企业局,实际负责推动民营化计划的机构Management Information System (MIS) 管理信息系统Manual of accounting procedure 会计手续规则2. Marketing to Latinos and African Americans 拉丁美洲及非洲的营销策略研究（四）拓展阅读（一般）理解：1. Advertising on the Web Companies Grab the Brass Ring网络广告：公司的新商机2. From Harley-Davidson Armchairs to Coca-Cola Fishing Lures The Rise ofCorporate Branding企业品牌化的兴起：从哈雷牌轮椅到可口可乐牌鱼饵3. Offering Guarantees to Promote Sales提供质量保证以提高销售额度4. Power Pricers: How Smart Companies Use Price as a Strategic Tool价格的威力：精明商家的价格策略第四单元管理（一）课内训练（重点）识记：1. Cross-cultural Management 跨文化管理名词解释：MBA: Master of Business Administration, 工商管理硕士Pay-for-performance (PFP) 业绩付酬—按照实际业绩付给酬劳Matrix structure 矩阵结构句子翻译：A fairly obvious cultural divide that has been much studied is the onebetween, on the one hand, the countries of North America and north-westEurope, where management is largely based on analysis, rationality, logic andsystems, and, on the other, the Latin cultures of southern Europe and SouthAmerica, where personal relations, intuition, emotion and sensitivity are ofmuch greater importance.2. Motorola Modes of Handling Ethical Issues Transculturally跨文化管理“摩托罗拉模式”所遵循的原则是什么？句子翻译：1)The simplest mode is one in which Motorola makes no particular effort toadjust to the local culture, but merely clarifies its policy on a given issue, andimplements that policy regardless of whether it overlaps with the values orstandards of the host culture.2)In some situations, the overlap between Motorola’s standards and certainpractices of the host culture might be so limited that the corporation has nochoice other than simply to abide by its own standards and attempt to remainviable in that country.理解：1. Might the Proper Study of Management Be Man?管理的核心是管理人?名词解释：Stock market 证券市场Zeitgeist 时代精神Theory X(Y) X(Y) 理论2. No more Boring Analysis无需反复研究管理方式（四）拓展阅读（一般）理解：1. Will This Merger Go Down Smoothly?这一次的收购会顺利进行吗？2. Citi: A Whole New Playbook 花旗集团：一个全新的开始3. Do Y ou Really Need an MBA? 你真的需要一个MBA文凭吗？4. Going Global by Thinking Local 立足本土，走向国际第五单元贸易识记：1. Trade Disputes商务争议名词解释：Comparative costs 比较成本Specialization 专业化生产Insight 洞察力Nobel laureate 诺贝尔奖获得者Productivity 生产力Mainstream economists 主流经济学家avid Ricardo 大卫·李嘉图英国经济学家著有《政治经济学几赋税原理》句子翻译：Even if one country can make everything more cheaply than every other it still gains from focusing on the goods in which its relative advantages isgreatest —i.e., in which it has a comparative advantage —and importingthe rest.2. A Sale Contract 销售合同名词解释：FOB: Free on Board 船上交货价格, 离岸价格CIF: Cost Insurance and Freight 到岸价格CFR: Cost and Freight成本加运费价FCA: Free Carrier货交承运人CPT: Carriage Paid to 运费付至CIP: Carriage Insurance Paid to运费、保险费付至EXW: Ex Work 工厂交货DDU: Delivered Duty Unpaid未完税交货DDP: Delivered Duty Paid完税后交货Remittance 汇票T/T 电汇M/T 信汇Banker’s draft 银行汇票Commercial Draft 商业汇票Documentary Collection 跟单托收D/P Sight: Documents against Payment at Sight 即期付款交单D/P after Sight: Documents against Payment after Sight 远期付款交单D/A: Documents against Acceptance 承兑交单Letter of Credit 信用证Irrevocable L/C 不可撤销信用证Sight L/C 即期信用证Usance L/C 远期信用证Transferable L/C 可转让信用证句子翻译：The Buyers shall open with a bank to be accepted by both the Buyers and Sellers an irrevocable transferable letter of credit, allowing partial shipment,transshipment in favor of the Sellers and addressed to Sellers payable at sightagainst first presentation of the shipping document to Opening Bank. Thecovering letter of credit must reach the Sellers 30 days before shipment andremain valid in China until the 21st day (inclusive) from the date of shipment. （三）课外练习（一般）理解：1. Business Negotiation 贸易磋商2. Two Business Letters 商业信函实例（四）拓展阅读（一般）理解：1. A Letter of Credit 信用证2. A Business Letter—Revise Former Letter of Credit信用证修订书3. A Booking Order订舱委托书4. A Commercial Invoice商业发票第六单元经济全球化识记：1. Game Theory博弈论名词解释：Oligopoly 求过于供的市场情况Price cutting 大减价Dilemma 困境Game theory 博弈论Adam Smith 亚当·斯密，英国古典政治经济学代表人物，著有《国富论》Invisible hand “看不见的手”句子翻译：Game theory has been used by economists to study theinteraction of oligopolies, on-management disputes; countries trade policies, internationalenvironmental agreements, reputations, and a host of other situations.2. E-Commerce: The Kitty Hawk Era电子商务：Kitty Hawk时代名词解释：Sales volume 销售量Megastore 超级卖场Cyberspace 网络空间Distributor 分销商Retailer 零售商Intermediary 中介Stockbroker 股票经纪人Dealer 经销商Leverage 杠杆作用E-commerce 电子商务Wal-Mart 沃尔玛，世界第一大零售商Brick-and-mortar 传统意义上的公司句子翻译：1)Slowly but surely, consumers are leaving malls to shop on-line, often intheir pajamas at 11 PM. And anyone who doubts the potential power of thee-commerce juggernaut hasn’t grasped the advantage for both consumersand businesses.2)All companies fear the leverage gained by consumers who can demandever-lower prices. Finally, businesses are rapidly learning that it isn’tenough to tack the suffix “dot com” onto the company name.理解：1. The Logic of Economics经济学逻辑名词解释：Inflation 通货膨胀Tariff 关税Quota 配额Tax cuts of 1964 美国1964年的减税政策Great Depression 1929年至1933年的西方世界的经济大萧条2. The Four Wheels of Growth 促进经济增长的四个要素（四）拓展阅读（一般）理解：1.Careers in Global Marketing 全球营销下的职场规划2. How Markets Solve the Three Economic Problems市场解决三大经济问题的途径3. Global Marketing What It Is and What It Is Not揭开全球营销的面纱4. The Business-to-business Cyber-buying Bazaar网络购物市场第三部分有关说明与实施要求（一）阅读理解Reading comprehension.Although it is nothing new for companies to build relationships with customers, it has generally been done on a one-to-one basis. In recent years, however, technological developments have made it possible to build up individual relationships with clients on a much larger scale, and this more sophisticated kind of operation is known as relationship marketing. Relationship marketing aims to increase sales through deliberate efforts to retain customers and promote two-way communication with them and new technology has make communication possible with a for larger customer base than before. The information gathered forms the basis of highly technical analyses of customer purchasing and profitability, which can be used to increase sales.The building of good personal relationships with customers is usually integral to the management of small businesses, and owners of small corner shops clearly illustrate the essence of relationship marketing, although the technology available to them is far less advanced than that available to, say, a supermarket chain. Small shopkeepers have direct knowledge ofregular customers and become familiar with their needs, likes and dislikes. The shopkeepers can then provide services tailored to individual needs. Over time, a bond of loyalty is likely to develop between shopkeepers and regular customers.The benefits of relationship marketing enjoyed by small businesses are now available to big businesses, thanks to a number of developments. First and foremost is the increasing recognition of the importance of profitability of retaining existing customers. Secondly, technologies have been developed which enable the collection, manipulation and analysis of huge banks of customer information. Large retailers can use store cards to obtain detailed background information about customer’s ages, salaries and lifestyles, and point-of-sale technology can be sued to track purchases made by every customer. Electronic storage enables all of this information to be retained, manipulated and integrated, while detailed analyses can be carried out on ever more powerful computers. Companies are thus able to target individuals amongst their thousands of customers with unique promotions or information matched to their back grounds and to their purchasing tendencies. Thirdly, companies feel a need to use relationship marketing because of increased competition: amassing knowledge about customers and building up customer relationships through interactive contact can enable organizations to differentiate their products orservices more easily form those of competitors.However, relationship marketing is not always the right route for organizations to take, and is not appropriate for all customers. Some bank customers, for example, cost more to serve than the bank actually makes form their custom, while a supermarket customer who spends very little and does not shop regularlydoes not justify the expenditure of several pounds per annum on relationship marketing. In addition, customers may not always be interested in a relationship, even where there are demonstrable benefits to be had.Overall, successful relationship marketing depends upon selecting and targeting the customers you wish to retain, and identifying sales areas where the investment and effort will be worthwhile. Many organizations have found the approach to be very rewarding in terms of customer retention and related profitability, but relationship marketing is still a developing field and is neither cheap nor easy to operate. It involves an integrative approach which draws marketing, quality and customer service together; it also depends upon developing the capacity of every employee particularly front-line staff to market the goods or services of the organization in a customer-focused way; and finally, it can require heavy investment in appropriate information technology.1. In the first paragraph, the writer describes relationship marketing as ____.A. an idea that has passed in and out of fashion over the last few years.B. a term used for an activity that used to exist in a more basic form.C. a way for a company to advertise to its customers.D. a way for a company to analyze its profitability.2. Why are small shopkeepers used to illustrate relationship marketing?A. Their success depends on their relationships with their customers.B. They keep information about their customers on computer.C. They were the first to use the term relationship marketing.D. Their relationship with customers has started to change recently.3. One reason why large companies didn’t use relationship marketing in the past is that ____.A. they underestimated the true value of customer loyalty.B. heir customers didn’t want them to collect information.C. they didn’t need to find out about individual customers.D. they didn’t think they could justify the expenses.（二）快速阅读Skimming and scanning.There are various ways in which individual economic units can interact with one another. Three basic ways may be described as the market system, the administered system, and the traditional system.In a market system individual economic units are free to interact among each other in the marketplace. It is possible to buy commodities from other economic units or sell commodities to them. In a market, transactions may take place via barter or money exchange. In a barter economy, real goods such as automobiles, shoes, and pizzas are traded against each other. Obviously, finding somebody who wants to trade my old car in exchange for a sailboat may not always be an easy task. Hence, the introduction of money as a medium of exchange eases transactions considerably. In the modern market economy, goods and services are bought or sold for money.An alternative to the market system is administrative control by some agency over all transactions. This agency will issue edicts or commands as to how much of each good and service should be produced, exchanged, and consumed by each economic unit. Central planning may be one way ofadministering such an economy. The central plan, drawn up by the government, shows the amounts of each commodity produced by the various firms and allocated to different households for consumption. This is an example of complete planning of production, consumption, and exchange for the whole economy.In a traditional society, production and consumption patterns are governed by tradition; every person’s place within the economic system is fixed by parentage, religion, and custom. Transactions take place on the basis of tradition, too. People belonging to a certain group or caste may have an obligation to care for other persons, provide them with food and shelter, care for their health, and provide for their education. Clearly, in a system where every decision is made on the basis of tradition alone, progress may be difficult to achieve. A stagnant society may result.1. What is the main purpose of the passage？A. To outline contrasting types of economic systems.B. To explain the science of economics.C. To argue for the superiority of one economic system.D. To compare barter and money-exchange markets.2. In the second paragraph, the word “real” in “real goods” could best be replaced by ____.A. high qualityB. concreteC. utterD. authentic3. According to the passage, a barter economy can generate ___.A. rapid speed of transactionsB. misunderstandingsC. inflationD. difficulties for the traders4. According to the passage, who has the greatest degree of control in the administered system？A. Individual householdsB. Small businessesC. Major corporationsD. The government5.Which of the following is not mentioned by the author asa criterion for determining a person’s position in a traditional society？A. Family backgroundB. AgeC. Religious beliefsD. Custom（三）名词解释Define the following terms.1. Booking order2. CFS（四）回答问题Answer the following questions.With no laor shortage, what prosperity will it expect in the article?（五）翻译Translate the following sentences into Chinese.In China, as a result of the economic reforms and market opening measures, SMEs have enjoyed remarkable development and have grown to become an important force in contributing towards sustained and rapid growth of the Chinese economic.商务英语沟通Business English CommunicationChapter One How to Apply for the Ideal Job(如何申请理想的工作) 本课要点一．Reading Job Advertisement (解读招聘广告)As you read , ask yourself these question1.Do I have the formal qualification required ?2.Do I have the experience required ?3.Am I really suited for the job ?4.What do I know about the employer ?5.What makes me specially suited for the job ?二．Analysing a Specific Job Advertisement (分析特定的招聘广告)三．What to Mention in Y our Letter or Email (在求职信件中该写些什么)四．Attracting an Employer’s Interest (引起招聘者的注意)五．Hints and Tips (技巧提示)Here are some good ways to make your application letter stand out:1.Look for something unusual in your experience or qualifications2.Make the contents of your letter appropriate for the job3.A void annoying phrases4.Get someone to read your letter before you send itNEVER send your first draft !5.Keep the letter short6.Mention the organisation7.Make your letter physically easy to read* Don’t use handwriting * Use a good quality printer * Use short sentences and paragraphs * Use plenty of breaks and white space * Use a type or font that can be easily read and use 12-point size* Don’t overuse italics ,bold, underlining or CAPITALS * Use a spell-check programme but don’t rely onthat alone. Y ou must also check your letter personally before you send it .* Don’t use coloured or fancy paper8.Remember to state which job you are applying for9.Be realistic10.Check again六．Practice Makes Perfect (实践造就完美)专业词汇Reputation 名誉声望Professional 专业人员职业运动员Qualification 资格Unpredictability不可预测性Continuity 连续性Candidate 候选人应试者Architect 建筑师Job seeker 求职者People-orientated 以人为本的Prestige 威望影响力Application letter 求职信Interview 面试采访Offend 冒犯Summarize 总结概述Demonstrate 证明示范Commitment 承诺保证Innovation 革新Coverage 新闻报道Template 模板Overlook 俯瞰忽视Chapter T wo Resume and the Interview （简历与面试）本课要点一．The Rasume or Curriculum V itae (简历)二．The Essentials（基本要素）*Full name in Chinese characters and Pinyin. Underline your family name*Adress*Telephone Number*Age, indicated by date of birth*Gender, indicated by Mr, Mrs, Miss, Ms.Here are some of the things that can be included if you have them :*e-mail address*Fax number*PhotographQualifications : List your qualifications clearly , starting with the highestEducation : List the school and other educational institutions you have attended, again starting with the highest or most recent.Previous EmploymentSkillsInterests and hobbiesFuture career三．Model resume (single-page version)（简历样本）四．Interview Essentials（面试要点）五．What Do Y ou Do Now（如何准备）Times spent in preparation is never wasted. Time wasted is never spent in preparation.Quite simply, to be totally confident about your chances of success you must know almost everthing there is to know about : *The company*The job advertised*The overall business environment the company operates in *The business culture of the company*Existing employees you might know*Where you might fit into the company*The salary you might be offered六．The Big Day (面试当天)七．What Do I Wear（如何着装）八．What Questions Will They Ask（面试问题）九．Be Positive（要积极主动）十．Y ou Do the Talking (把握表述机会)十一.Dealing with Negatives at the Interview (正确处理面试中的消极因素)十二.Strength from Weakness(变不利为有利)十三.Hints and Tips (技巧提示)*Names *Eye contact *Sit comfortably专业词汇Curriculum vita 个人简历Resume 履历Clerk 文员Coordinator 协调员Turnover 营业额Orchestra 管弦乐队Martial arts 武术Facility 设备Innovation 革新创新Sector 部门Annual report 年度报告Trainers 运动鞋Pattern 模式图案Consultancy 咨询公司Bachelor 学士Master 硕士Doctor (Ph.D)博士Chapter Three Spoken Business Communication (口头商务沟通) 本课要点*The first, as always, is to spend as much time as possible on preparation.*The second is to think carefully about the actual content.*The third is to practise your presentation.一.Preparing for the Talk (为演讲准备)1.The audience2.The introduction3.The facts4.V isual aids5.Don’t trust the technology6.The venue7.The length8.Be ready for questions二.Preparing The Content (搜集素材)1.Structure*A clear introduction is essential.*Then you move onto the main part of your presentation.*Finally, you must have a conclusion.2.How long shoud your presentation be?Keep It Short and Simple三.Practice and Presentation Techniques(练习示范与演讲技巧)四.Hints and Tips(技巧提示)1.When you stand up to begin, take your time and try not to appear nervous.2.Most of the time you will be speaking to people who want to hear what you have to say.3.Talk to the people in the audience.4.Be careful about the things you do with your hands when speaking.5.Don’t just read your speaking notes.6.Don’t speak too fast./doc/b214476027.html,e only a few, well-chosen, visuals.8.Pause before you move into the final part of your speech.9.Don’t run away the minute you have completed your presentation.五.Practice Makes Prefect(实践造就完美)专业词汇Presentation 发言陈述conciseness 简明address 致辞演讲conference 会议协商Technician 技术员Chief Executive Officer 首席执行官layout 布局atmosphere 气氛Regional sales manager 地区销售经理audio-visual aids 视听辅助工具lectern 讲台Recruit 征募招聘draft 草图汇票resist 抵抗distraction 注意力分散temptation 诱惑Conclusion 结论pause 停顿volume 音量书卷eye contact 目光接触眼神交会Chapter Four Communicating with Colleagues and Customers(同事沟通及客户沟通)本课要点一.Unspoken Messages (非言语信息)Here are a few questions to consider about non-verbalcommunications :1.How do you think you look?2.How can you change your clothing message ?3.What non-verbal communications do you not like ?4.What assumptions do you make ?5.Do you make group assumptions ?二.Friendly Communications(传递好消息)三.Communicating Sensitively(敏感性沟通)四.Problem Communications(问题沟通)五.Hints and Tips(技巧建议)1.Stay clam2.Listen3.Don’t assume4.Explain clearly5.Speak clearly*Do not use jargon.*Do not use long words where short ones will do.*Make sure that you speak at a speed that allows people to understand what you are saying.*Pause frequently.6.Ask for details7.Check and respond8.Close六.Hearing and Understanding----Achieving Both(倾听与理解----两者兼顾)七.Action(行动)1.Do we want the person to decide the action after communicatiion?2.Do we want the person to take action that we have alreadydecided?3.Do we understand the effects the action may produce?八.Checking(核查)*Ask question.*Do not make assumptions.九.Communicating with Bosses(与老板沟通)“The boss may not always be right,but he or she is always the boss.”1.Listen2.Ask for suggestions3.Lead your ideas into the ideas of the other person4.Explain clearly5.Ask for suggestions again6.Offer to revise7.Checking8.Follow up十.A Fact(忠告)“Success has many fathers.Failure is an orphan.”专业词汇Comment 评论意见potential 可能性潜力context 语境背景phenomenon 现象奇迹Criminal 罪犯investment adviser 投资顾问district 行政区地区bonus 奖金红利Dedication 奉献commitment 委托提交initiative 主动权首创精神announcement 宣布通告identification card 身份证embarrassment 尴尬拮据maintenance 维修保持Reprimand谴责训斥conversation 谈话社交grievance不满委屈jargon行话component 组件Chapter Five Written Communication（书面沟通）本课要点一.Composing Y our Message(内容组织)*Take the example of a proposed meeting. It’s no good writing a message saying that a meetingis to be held if you don’t state what is going to be discussed.*No one will come to your meeting unless you give him or her a good reason why they should attend.*Unless you state a date and time when a meeting is going to be held people can’t att end.*Where the meeting is to take place is also vital.*Who is to be involved is also essential information. People will not come to an event if they do not know that their attendance is expected.*What is the sequence of events? How will decisions be implemented?二.Written Forms of Communication(书面沟通的形式)*Y our communication should not include unnecessary information.*Y our communication must have appropriate content.*Y our communication must contain the correct facts.*Y our communication should aviod the use or jargon and unnecessary technical terms.*Y our communication should introduce the purpose and mission of the paper, have anexplanatory content and should end with a clear conclusion or recommendation.*Y our communication should always be spell-checked and read by a colleague before it is issued.三.Let’s Practise(练习)四.Hints and Tips(技巧建议)1.Size Matters. Use a 12-point type./doc/b214476027.html,e white space.3.Read aloud.专业词汇Electronic storage 电子储存memo 备忘录sequence 顺序agenda 议程proposal 提议求婚Biography 传记个人简介quotation 引文报价单recommendation 推荐信bangle 手镯Pendant 耳环坠子text message 短信international purchasing manager 国际采购经理Explanatory comment 备注assessment 评价估计payment due 已到期应付款scissor 剪刀删去Stapler 订书机Cash flow 现金流amateur 爱好者外行sponsorship 赞助Chapter Six Business Meeting(商务会议)本课要点一.Why People Hold Meetings (为何举行会议)*To communicate policies *To issue instruction *T o listen to review *To hold discussions*To ensure that everyone is aware of what is going on *To review experiences and future action*T provide written records二.Meeting Styles (会议风格)Authoritarian Inclusive Combat Routine Informal三.Writing the Records of Business Meeting (商务会议纪要)四.The Disadvantages of a V erbatim Record (逐字逐句的会议记录的缺点)*They contain full information about when and where the meeting took place.*They record the names of the people taking part.*They list people who did not attend.*They record who made what decision.*They list points for action.*They are short and concise.*They remove duplications.*They are easy to access and can be held in electronic form.。
商务英语选读(考试复习提纲)
Marketing1．Definition of marketingA.Official definition of AMA:The performance of business activities that direct the flow of goods and services from producer to consumer or user.B.Definition in text book: 4P：Product: the right product or servicesPlace: the products and services to the right people at the right place in the right timePrice: at the right pricePromotion: using the right promotional technique.2. Development of marketing philosophy and historical background (5 stages)A. production: availability and affordability, increase demandsB. product: quality and features, to produce enough is not enoughC. selling: focus on seller, equal quality improve selling skillsD. marketing: focus on buyer, the needs of target markets (we sell because you need it)E. societal: in a way that maintains or improves the consumer’s and society’s well-being.3. FranchisingA. Definition: a license to sell another’s products or to use another’s name in business, or both, is a franchise.B. advantages for franchiseea. instant recognitionb. management assistancec. financing assistanced. reduced failure ratesC. disadvantages for franchiseea. initial, ongoing and loyalty feeb. lost of independence and autonomy in the regimec. inhibit the development of small business (single proprietorships and partnerships)D. advantages and disadvantages for franchisora. advantages: Receive a shortcut to profits and brand recognition in chinab. disadvantages:Leadership (Management)1.Decision making: choosing one action over other possible actions (decision maker)End results often are used as criteria in evaluating a manger’s decision-making skills.Decision-making responsibility distinguish managers from nonmanagers(empowerment).Managers make decisions that determine the allocation of resources in order to move toward objectives translating plans into actions2.Planning: determining the future direction(objectives, the heart of planning) of anorganization (planner) and how to achieve them. Examine the past and predict the future, future-oriented.anizing: identifying the basic framework of formal relationships among tasks, activitiesand people in an organization. Gathering and allocating human and material resources to carry out plans (A. staffing- who should do that, B. purchasing materials, providing facilities,securing financing), intertwined with planning. Divide total work into specific jobs and among departments.4.Directing:A.Leader and motivator:guide others, understanding how people act and how to influencethem to act in desired ways.B.Change agent: one who change of an organization so that it remains effective.5.Controlling: one who ensures that an organization is being operated as planned. (monitorand controller) closely tied to planning- foundation.Corporate culture1.Definition: the set of shared values, norms of behaviors, policies and procedures that holdsand organization together.2.Factors influence corporate culture: national culture, ownership structure(sole proprietor,partnership and corporate) and industryHuman resources1.7 components of HR managementA.Recruitment: purpose to provide a large pool/group of candidates for managers to select thequalified. job analysis, position description, hiring specification(education, experience, skill) book p5-6B.Selection: using application forms, resumes, interviews, employment and skills tests andreference checks to evaluate and screen job candidates for managers who will select and hire them.C.Planning: two factors taken into considerationa.Internal factors: organization’s human resources needs(internal growth, merger andacquisition, departmental expansions and reductions, vacancies, current and expected skills needs)b.External factors: future economic environment(changing demographics(population, age,education), projected labor shortage, pressure from government, downsizing＆restricting＆reengineering)D.Orientation and socializationE.Training＆Developmenta. 4 procedures to determine individuals’ training needs: performance appraisal, analysis of jobrequirement, organizational analysis, employment surveyb.Two training approaches: on-the-job training(job rotation, internship, apprenticeship),off-the-job training (vestibule training, behaviorally experienced training, role-play)F.Performance appraisalG.Promotions, transfers, demotions, separations.2.Vestibule training: a form of training in which new employees learn the job in a setting thatapproximates as closely as is practical to the actual working environment. When the use of actual equipment by untrained employees would be too risky or when the actual work setting would be unconducive to learning (noise level)Finance1.Securities: an instrumentRepresenting ownership/ equity is stocksA debt agreement is bonds(creditor)The rights to ownership is derivativesDerivatives: a contract between two parties that specifies conditions under which payments are to be made (stock options, warrants), whose value is determined by fluctuations in the underlying assets, such as stocks, bonds, commodities, currencies, interest rates, market indexes.2.Differences between common stocks and preferred stocksCommon: voting rights, one vote per share, receive profits after all expenses.Preferred: issued after common, no vote,preference in distribution of earnings, a fixed rate of dividends and assets distribution right when out of business prior to common, no extra dividends except the fixed amount3.Termsa.Corporate charter:b.Bylaws:c.Liquid assets:d.Liquidate:e.Liquidation:f.Liquidity:g.Venture capital:financial capital provided to start-up firms with high risk but high growthpotential.h.IPO: a first-time offering of shares by specific firm to the public.i.Stock index: to monitor the overall level of stock prices.j.The composition of Don-Jones industrial average: based on the prices of the stocks of 30 major U.S. companies, General Motors, General Electric, Microsoft, Coca-Cola, AT＆T and IBM.4.In what ways can institutional investors influence corporation in comparism to individualinvestors (commonly exceeding 50%, typically small, ownership scattered, unable to monitor effectively and have substantial influence)?a.More voting power, more capable of enacting changes in the management andpolicies(through proxy contest)b.Better monitor (more experiences and resources)c.Collective sale or purchases affect stock marketInsurance1.Main types of insurance: depend on which type of undesirable event is insured. The mostcommon types are life insurance (death) and property and casualty insurance.2.Basic products of life insurance companies: life insurance proper, disability insurance,annuities and health insurance.3.Annuity: an insurance product that will help if you live longer than you expect. A financialcontract in the form of an insurance product according to which a seller(issuer) makes a series of future payments to a buyer(annuitant) in exchange for a lump-sum(single-payment annuity) or a series of regular payments(regular payment-annuity), prior to the onset of the annuity.4.How to make profits: charging premiums that are sufficient to pay the expected claims onthe company plus a profit. Invest them in interest-bearing securities such as deposit, stocks and bonds so as to generate more income.Funds1.Purpose and benefit of investing in mutual fundsDefinition of mutual funds: provide an outlet for the savings of individual investors, directing their funds into bonds, stocks, and money market securities.Benefit: continuous management services, greater price stability, reduced risks, opportunities for capital gains, indirect access to higher yielding securities that can only purchased in large blocks.2.Categorization of fundsa.Money market fundsb.New bond fundsc.Stock fundsd.Index fundse.Global fundsf.Venture fundsg.Hedge funds3.Why invest in money market funds?To skirt federal interest rate ceiling on time and savings deposits offered by banks and thrift institutions. Professional management of their liquid funds and reduced risk through diversification offered.4.What is Pension Fund?5.1.Functions of central banka.Control money supplyb.Stabilize money and capital marketc.Lender of last resortd.Maintain and improve payments mechanism2.Monetary control toolsa.Open market operation (selling and purchasing bonds on open market)b.Reserve requirement ( minimum amount of reserves that bank must hold against deposits)c.Discount rate (the interest rate on the loans that the Fed makes to banks, thus increase orreduce the quantity of reserves which will affect money supply)3.CPI: A measure of the average change over time in the prices paid by urban consumers for amarket basket (A subset of products that is designed to mimic the performance of an overall market. The goods are weighted according to their importance.) of consumer goods and services. Can be used to index (i.e. adjust for the effect of inflation) the real interest rate and the real value of wages, salaries, pensions, and for regulating prices.。
《商务英语阅读》课程教学大纲
商务英语阅读一、性质与目的本课程是商务英语本科一二年级专业必修课程之一，是一门实践性较强的课程。
主要起着帮助学生实践语言的作用，在实践中通过大量阅读，扩大词汇量、知识面，培养语感，增强对阅读材料及语言的理解力；培养学生细致观察语言的能力以及假设判断、分析推纳、推理检验等逻辑思维能力；提高学生阅读的技能, 包括细读、略读、查阅等能力，提高学生的阅读速度及综合运用语言的能力。
本课程的语言材料选自当代商务英语报刊，杂志以及某些商业专著，其内容新颖，知识性强，涉及面广。
与《商务英语精读》、《商务英语听力》、《商务英语写作》及《商务英语口语》等课程配合使用，则更能掌握商务英语的基本词汇及其表达方式，全面地获得有关商务的基本知识。
二、基本要求通过本课程的学习，要求学生能阅读英语国家报刊杂志及网络的一般性，大众性商务题材的文章，能理解其主要意义。
能略读商务新闻、人物、事件等报道的主要内容，抓住其要点，能寻读有关材料，快速查找所需信息。
能借助词典读懂商务专业相关的技术性论文，能快速查找所需信息以解决遇到的技术性问题。
理解商务类英文原版报刊,杂志（如：Times, Fortune等）,并能从中获取重要商业信息的水平。
此外，能够借助词典熟练翻译与专业相关的英文资料，译文流畅, 符合中文的表达习惯，准确传达原文的意思。
在培养专业技能同时注重规范意识的教育，提高学生的职业素质。
1、能读懂英语国家出版的中等难度的商务英语新闻电迅、特写、传记、科普文章和文学原著，阅读速度达到每分钟100-120个单词，能掌握主旨和大意, 抓住主要论点或情节及篇章结构，并能根据所读材料进行推理和分析，从而领会作者的真实意图。
2、3—4分钟内速读1000词左右的中等难度的文章，了解中心大意，能根据上下文和构词知识猜测和判断词义。
3、较熟练地使用英英词典和初步学会查阅参考书，独立解决大部分语言难点和一些背景知识问题.4、要求在文化素养方面具有一定的知识面，如对英语国家的地理历史、社会状况、文化传统、风俗习惯等有一定了解。
商务英语考试大纲
商务英语考试大纲第一篇《商务英语》课程考试大纲第一部分一、课程性质《商务英语》是高等教育自学考试电子商务（专科）专业的一门选修课。
本课程是一门实践性和应用性很强的课程，是为经济类专业和非经济管理类专业开设的一门专业基础课。
它帮助学生掌握用英语处理营销基本业务的能力。
二、课程目标与基本要求通过对国际商务英语写作、阅读以及国际营销知识的学习，旨在培养提高学生在国际商务英语方面的写作阅读翻译和口头表达等方面的语言能力，即能够熟练掌握具有国际商务特色的英语应用能力。
通过本课程的学习，使学生了解商务应用文的语言特点、格式特点，了解写作步骤，通过循序渐进的练习，掌握商务活动中应用文体的写作，主要包括英文商务书信、备忘录、通知、报告、邀请信等应用文体。
另外，本课程帮助学生了解市场营销方面的专业知识，提高阅读英语专业文章的能力，在阅读中了解营销专业的市场购买行为、产品策略、定价策略、分销策略、促销策略、营销人员策略等方面的知识。
《商务英语》是一门实践性较强的课程，所以教师在讲授该课程时，应适当增加一些案例教学，以增强学生的感性认识。
三、本课程与相关课程的关系无先行课程第二部分课程内容与考核目标第一章一、学习目的和要求1.掌握英文商务书信写作的基本要求2.熟悉市场、市场营销及营销管理理念的基本知识二、考核知识点与考核目标1.了解英文商务书信的基本原则：简洁。
2.了解营销和市场的概念，了解五种营销行为的概念。
3.掌握英文书信的四个主要步骤，包括布局安排、有条理地写出主要相关信息、写出短文、检查短文（次重点）。
4. 掌握根据特定的主题写作英文商务书信（重点）。
第二章一、学习目的和要求1.掌握英文备忘录写作的基本要求2.熟悉市场战略计划和市场细分的基本知识。
二、考核知识点与考核目标1.了解英文备忘录使用的相关语言（一般）。
2.了解市场战略计划和市场细分的基本知识（一般）。
3.掌握英文备忘录的四个主要步骤，包括布局安排、有条理地写出主要相关信息、写出短文、检查短文（次重点）。
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浙江广播电视大学
英语专业
《商务英语阅读》考试大纲
一、期末考试要求
“商务英语阅读”是英语专业专科商务方向的选修课程。
本课程的教学目的是培养学生掌握阅读和理解商务英语文章的基本技能，获取商务信息的基本能力，为进一步学习后续的商务英语课程，毕业后成为适应社会需要的应用型涉外商务工作者打下坚实的基础。
通过学习有关的商务活动的实用语言材料，学生应熟悉主要的商务英语文章类型，提高阅读商务文章的能力。
通过学习，学生应进一步提高基本的听、说、读、写、译的能力。
二、组卷原则
课程终结考试在学期末进行，由省电大统一命题。
根据教材所涵盖的有关知识内容、交际功能以及与教材难度相当的书面语言材料命题，涉及教材内容不少于50%。
“商务英语阅读”期末考试命题范围以教材《商务英语阅读》（中央广播电视大学出版社）Lesson One---Lesson Sixteen为基本依据。
三、试题类型
下面就各个部分的试题做一简要说明。
第一部分选择题
Part I Multiple choice ( 20 points)
Complete the sentences by choosing from the words below each sentence
这部分共有10 个小题，每题2分，共20分。
重点复习Lesson One---Lesson Sixteen课后练习中的选择题以及阶段练习一、二（Review Test I & II）中的选择题。
第二部分配对题
Part II Match
Section A (10 points)
Choose the correct word or words from the box to complete the passage:
这部分为一段文章，文章中有5 个空格，每个空格2分，共10分。
重点复习Lesson One---Lesson Sixteen课后练习中类似的题型(II. Match)。
Section B (10 points)
Choose the correct word or words from the box to complete the following sentences: 这部分共5句，每句均有一个空格，每个空格2分，共10分。
重点复习阶段练习一、二（Review Test I & II）中类似的题型。
第三部分阅读理解
Part III Reading comprehension ( 30 points)
本部分共两篇阅读文章，每篇阅读文章后均有5个小题，每小题3分，共30分。
第四部分段落英译中
Part IV Translation ( 30 points)
Translate the following passages into Chinese:
本部分共3篇短文，要求翻译成中文。
每篇短文10分，本题共30分。
重点复习Lesson One--- Sixteen课后练习中最后一题----Translation。
四、考核形式
课程终结考核形式为闭卷，笔答。
“商务英语阅读”课程的考核由形成性考核和课程终结考试两部分组成。
浙江广播电视大学外国语学院。