【精品】2017学年四川省成都实验外国语学校八年级(上)期中物理试卷及答案
四川省成都外国语学校学年八年级上学期期中考试英语试卷
成都外国语学校2017-2018学年度上期初二半期考试英语试卷考试时间：听力30分钟+笔试120分钟Part A 80 scoresListening Test30 scoresⅠ. Listen to each sentence carefully and choose the correct response. Each sentence will be read only once.10 scores1. A. Germany B. PortugalC. SpanishD. Brazil2. A. The camera B. The saxophoneC. The video cassetteD. The computer3. A. In a theatre B. In a bankC. In a post officeD. In a restaurant4. A. It’s half an hour by car. B. It’s sixty pounds.C. It’s six o’clock.D. It’s very comfortable.5. A. Hello; do you want to play football nowB. Hello; where are youC. Hello; this is Tina.D. Hello; are you Maria6. A. She is married. B. She is from Portugal.C. She is a teacher.D. She is my classmate.7. A. Thank you. B. I’m an artist now.C.How about this afternoonD. I’m sorry to hear that.8. A. I’d like to have a rest now.B. I’d like some tea.C. I’d like some potatoes.D. I’d like to buy some cheese.9. A. It is Japanese.B.It is from Spain.C.It is a pizza.D.It is made of rice; potatoes and beef.10. A. Cheese.B.Thank you.C.What are you going to have todayD.You are so nice.II. Listen to the dialogues carefully and choose the correct answers. Each dialogue will be read twice.5 scores11. A. Tomatoes B. PotatoesC. Apple juiceD. A chicken sandwich.12. A. At five to nine. B. At twenty to nine.C.At five past ten.D. At five past nine.13. A. He is a marketing manager. B. He is an account manager.C. He is a doctor.D. He is a nurse.14. A. Onions; beef; lettuce; pepper and tomatoes.B. Onions; potatoes; pepper; lettuce and beef.C. Onions; tomatoes; pepper; carrots and beef.D. Onions; tomatoes; lettuce; beef and cheese.15. A. They’re green. B. They’re red.C. They’re blue.D. They’re black.III.Listen to the conversation carefully and choose the correct answers. The conversation will be read twice. 5 scores16.Where is Jenny nowA.In Beijing.B.In Xi’an.C.In Xinjiang.D.In Chengdu.17. Who is Jenny withA.Her mother.B.Her father.C.Her uncle.D.Her classmates.18. What is the weather like in XinjiangA. Sunny and foggy.B. Cold; dry and warm.C.Cold and windy.D.Rainy and windy.19. What is Jenny’s father going to doA.To phone Jenny’s mother.B.To have some grapes.C. To climb mountains.D.To visit beautiful places.20. Where does Jenny’s father want to goA. Beijing.B.Qingdao.C.The Blue Mountains.D.Britain.IV.Listen to the passage carefully and judge if it’s true or false. If it’s true;please write A. If it’s false;please write B. The passage will be read twice. 5 scores21. A man is standing by the road and eating an apple.22. The policeman and the man are both fat.23. The policeman can’t catch the man.24. The man is a bad man.25. The policeman runs after the man again because he wants to get thinner.V.Listen to the passage and choose the correct answers. The passage will be read three times.5 scores26. What is this message mainly aboutA.Some team players.B.A sports TV program.C.A basketball club.D.Two friends.27. How often do the members meetA.Once a week.B.Twice a week.C.Three times a week.D.Once a month.28. When are there sometimes matches for the team playersA.On Wednesday afternoon.B.On Saturday afternoon.C. On Friday evening.D. On Sunday morning.29. What should the player take to the hallA.A map.B.A watch.C.A ball.D.A coat.30. How much rent do the players spend on it each weekA.$10.B.$12.C.$14.D.$15.Written Test 50 scoresI. Multiple choice. 25’31.The company offers accommodation to all the people working for it.A. food and drinkB. places to live inC. food to eatD. main courses32.Lisa is a student of English.A. a student who likes EnglandB. a student who comes from EnglandC. a student who is interested in EnglishD. a student who studies English as her main job33.Actually; the delicious cakes are not made by myself. They’re from my friend.A. For factB. As we knowC. In factD. As matter of fact34.Excuse me. Can you say the question again; pleaseA. repeat the question againB. repeat the questionC. answer the question againD. pardon35.Peter thinks his new school has usual facilities; but the teachers there are fantastic.A. boringB. greatC. busyD. funny36.Thank you for_______me ______my math homework.A. helping; withB. help; toC. help; withD. helping; /37.The multimedia systems in classrooms are only available _______ the teachers in our school.A. onB. toC. withD. by38.It’s becoming more and more difficult to find _______; so people have to try very _______.A. a work; hardB. a job; hardlyC. work; hardlyD. jobs; hard39._______ name is Steven. _______ a baker and _______ job is to bake cakes and bread.A. His; He’s; hisB. He’s; His; he’sC. His; He’s; he’sD. He’s; He’s; his40.Those are ____________bedrooms. The bedrooms are just next to each other.A. Lily and Liz’sB. Lily’s and LizC. Lily’s and Liz’sD. Lily and Liz41._______ are asked to do our math homework again because we all did a terrible jobyesterday.A. Billy; you and IB. I; Billy and youC. You; I and BillyD. You; Billy and I42.A: Whose is this dirty old bookB: It _______ mine. My books are always neat and tidy.A: Oh It _______ Billy’s. Look There’s his name on the cover.A. can’t be; may beB. must be; may beC. may be; can beD. can’t be; must be43.There is _______ “u” and _______ “i” in the word “community”.A. an; anB. an; aC. a; anD. a; a44.My parents will take me to a famous place like ______ if I do well in the coming exam.A. Mount FujiB. the Big BenC. Eiffel TowerD. Great Wall45.Marco wants to rent an apartment _______; but he doesn’t like the one with _______.A. to live in; few furnitureB. to live in it; a lot of furnitureC. to live in it; much furnitureD. to live in; little furniture46.After work; many of the parents wait ____________ at the school gate every day.A. for their children to come outB. their children come outC. for their children come outD. their children to come out47.Because of the _______ policy 政策in China; a lot of families want to have _______ child.A. two-child; the otherB. two-children; anotherC. two-child; anotherD. two-children; other48.The flight provides the passengers in the first-class coach _______ delicious meals; snacksand comfortable beds.A. forB. withC. toD. /49.Look _______ stars _______ shining in the dark sky. That’s so beautifulA. A number of; isB. The number of; isC. The number of; areD. A number of; are50.Tiffany goes to a fitness center _______ to keep fit; while her roommate Cindy enjoysplaying the piano _______.A. at her leisure; in her leisure timeB. in her leisure time; in her leisureC. in her leisure; at her leisure timeD. at her leisure; at her leisure time51.Mr. Harris looks _______ today. He’s looking _______ at every student in his class; even thenaughty boys.A. happily; happyB. unhappy; happilyC. happy; unhappilyD. happy; happily52.It’s quite cold in the room. I’d like _________ to drink. I don’t want to get a cold.A. some hot thingB. hot somethingC. something coldD. something hot53.Banks are open from 9 in the morning to 5 in the afternoon _______ weekdays; but _______weekends they are open only in the mornings.A. at; inB. for; inC. on; atD. in; on54.If you are _______ all the time; you don’t have to go to bed late to _______ the exams.A. well-prepared; prepare forB. good-prepared; prepare forB. badly-prepared; prepare D. well-prepared; prepare55._____ more information; passengers can contact the air company _____ 0273 330016.A. With; byB. As; withC. By; atD. For; onⅡ. Cloze test. Fill in the blanks w ith the best choices to complete the passages. 10’What is American food You may think the answer is as easy as pie. To many people; American food means ___56____; hot dogs; fried chicken and pizza. If you have a “___57____ tooth”; you may think of apple p ies or chocolate cakes. But are these the only kind of food in AmericaExcept for Thanksgiving turkey; it’s hard to find a typical “American” food. The UnitedStates is a land of immigrants 移民. When people moved to America; they brought their ___58____ st yles with them. That’s why you can find food from all over the world in America. In some ways; Americans have taken foods from other ___59____as their favorites. They love ___60____ pizzas; Mexican Tacos and Chinese egg rolls.Americans are living a busy life today. Half-done dinners and fast food make cooking at home very ___61____. They also eat a lot of unhealthy “junk food” like potato chips; candy bars; fried chicken and so on. ___62____ other people prefer healthier eating habits. Some even go “all ___63____”. They don’t eat any food prepared with chemicals化学成分.American culture is a good example of the saying; “You’re ___64____you eat.” Different kinds of foods enjoyed in the US ___65____different personal tastes. However; no matter the food is from abroad or home; fast or not fast; unhealthy or natural; the style is all-American.56. A. sushi B. pasta C. noodles D. hamburgers57. A. salty B. sweet C. spicy D. sour58. A. cooking B. drinking C. singing D. living59. A. cities B. towns C. streets D. countries60. A. French B. English C. German D. Italian61. A. easy B. difficult C. strange D. special62. A. So B. Or C. And D. But63. A. nasty B. natural C. delicious D. unhealthy64. A. who B. that C. what D. which65. A. show B. have C. give D. includeIII. Reading Comprehension. 15’AA. get a movie ticket freeB. get some stamps freeC. get five hours of free parkingD. get 15% off when parking67. Buy one T-shirt at Fashion Menswear; you may get one ______ free.A. T-shirt of the same priceB. coat of a higher priceC. shirt of the same priceD. T-shirt of the same kind68. You can get a 15% discount on any books if you ______ at Maze Book Store.A．buy five children’s books B．buy some giftsC．show this coupon D．buy two novels69. If you want to have a free soft drink; you can go to __________.A．Maze Book Store B．Judy’s CaféC．Fashion Menswear D．the cinema70. If John spends 10 dollars on a full-price movie ticket on Tuesday; he can buy a second ticket for only _______.A．15 dollars B．10 dollars C．8 dollars D．5 dollarsBA man works on my farmhouse. One day; after a day’s work; his old truck doesn’t work. When I drive him home; he sits quietly.When we get to his house he asks me to come in to meet his family. When we walk to the front door; he stops at a small tree and touches the branches 树枝with both hands. When he is opening the door; he has a quite different look. He smiles and hugs his two small children and gives his wife a kiss.Later; he walks me to the car. When we pass the tree; I ask him about what he does at the little tree.“Oh; that’s my trouble tree;” he says.“I know I can’t help having troubles on the job; but those troubles aren’t for the house or for my wife and the children. So I put them down to the tree every night when I come home. Then; in the morning; I pick them up again.”“Funny thing is;” he smiles; “when I come out in the morning to pick up those problems; there aren’t as many as I remember putting down the night before.”71. The writer drives the man home because ___________.A. the man can not drive a truck at allB. the man asks the writer to his houseC. there is something wrong with the man’s truckD. the man works hard on the writer’s farmhouse72. What does the underlined word “them” meanA. Troubles.B. Branches.C. Children.D. Trees.73. What does the man do at the front doorA. He plants a a small tree.B. He puts his bag under the branches.C. He touches the small tree’s branches.D. He speaks to a small tree74. When the man goes to the tree the next morning; he usually ____________.A. takes some branches from the treeB. feels better than the night beforeC. starts to feel bad about his workD. talks to the tree for a while75. What can we learn from the storyA. Small trees help you with big problems.B. Don’t be unhappy when you’re in trouble.C. There aren’t any real problems in life.D. Don’t bring work trouble hom e to your family.CIt is quite strange that when you walk into a store; but you see no shop assistants inside. You pick up things and get ready to wait in line and pay. But it’s also odd that there’s no shopkeeper waiting for you to check out 结账. So what has happened to this storeWell; you may have come into Tao Café; a cashless store designed by Alibaba. The store sells drinks; fast food and snacks. 50 shoppers can go shopping in the store at a time. To get in and shop; people only need a smartphone with a Taobao app and an Alipay account.By scanning 扫描their Taobao QR code 二维码; shoppers can get into the store. The store has also got the information of all things and their places on the shelves. So when shoppers pick up the things they want; the store it self will can “watch” and “remember” their choice.When shoppers are ready to leave; they don’t wait in line to pay. Instead; they go through two checkout doors. Then the bills will soon be paid with a Taobao account through Alipay.According to Alibaba; the checkout machines can recognize 识别things of the store even when shoppers put them in pockets or bags. So it is almost impossible to take things away from the store without paying.76. The underlined word “odd” in the first paragraph probably means “_______”.A. interestingB. strangeC. usualD. different77. Tao Café is known as _____.A. a coffee shopB. a cashless storeC. an online storeD. a Taobao Maker Festival78. To buy things from Tao Café; you don’t need 需要________.A. a smartphoneB. a Taobao appC. an Alipay accountD. a WeChat QR code79. What is Paragraph 3 mainly aboutA. How to check out in Tao Café.B. Why Tao Café needs cameras.C. How Tao Café works.D. How shoppers find things easily in Tao Café.80. What can we know from the articleA. The old people would enjoy shopping in Tao Café.B. Lots of things will be lost in the cashless store.C. Tao Café will be the only place to shop.D. It saves people much time to shop at Tao Café.Part B 70 scoresI. Fill in the blanks according to the correct forms of the given words. 15’1.The dishes in that restaurant are tasty but the prices are quite ___1___ reason. I don’t thinkI’ll go there again.2.On New Year’s Day; people often hold different activities to welcome the ___2___ arrive ofthe new year.3.The book ___3___ call Harry Potter is her favorite.4.He’s so good at fixing the electrical equipment that his neighbours all think him an___4___electricity; but actually he’s an artist.5.Would you like ___5___ travel with us to south Africa this winter vacation6.The quick development of smart phones and APP makes it easier for people to learn about___6___ photograph; the art of taking photos.7.I have a few hobbies;______7_______include swimming and playing the guitar.8.As a businesswoman; she often ___8___ fly to other countries.9.Our teachers spend most of their break time at the office ___9___ check our exercise-books.10.Will you study ___10___ as your second foreign language Spain11.With these soft cushions; the old man sits ___11___ in the armchair. comfortable12.At the moment; the twin sisters ___12___ each other tightly after being away for years. hug13.To have her own life; the famous actress never talks about her ___13___ status. marry14.As ___14___ from China; we should behave well when we travel to a foreign country. visit15.It’s important for you ___15___ your passport with you when travelling abroad. takeII. Pattern shift. 10’16.Women less than 20 years old can’t get married in law in China.= Women _______ 20 years old can’t get married in law in China.17.Flight AF402 is going to take off immediately.= Flight AF402_________ __________ ___________take off.18.How much are the cassettes=_______ _______ _______ _______ the cassettes19.His passport is in his handbag; _______ _______ Ask a tag question.20.Alan’s got some posters to take when he moves to a new house. Change it into a negativesentence.21-25: Raise a question to the underlined part.21.It’s about half an hour by subway from my school to the city centre.22.The boy earns pocket money by washing dishes after meals at home.23.There are three loaves of bread on the bread board.24.The games room with a billiard table is on the ground floor.25.Frank enjoys talking with customers at his shop.III. Find the only mistake in each line and correct them. 5’This is Anna’s bedroom. It’s not vey big; and it’s 26. _______________very bright and clean. Anna tidy her room every day. 27. _______________There is a table opposite the door and on the table is 28. _______________some beautiful flowers and useful books. As you see;there’s also a big picture for Anna on the wall. She’s 29. _______________smiling sweetly in it. Over a picture is a round clock. 30. _______________Anna likes her bedroom very much.IV. Fill in the blanks according to the texts and the first letters given. 20’In our new English book Look Ahead; we meet different people in Britain.●James is from I____31____. He is in London to start a new job with MAP A____32____.Tom Hall is his boss and Rita is Tom’s s____33____; while Julia is an account m____34____ like James. They are all very f____35____ to him. But he’s got some problems with his hotelb ecause there isn’t a car park for his car. And there are no s____36____ facilities. He wantsto live in his own f____37_____.●Maria; however; enjoys living in Eldon House. It’s a hostel for i____38____ students; whichis only ten m____39____ walk from the station in central Brighton. Maria lives in a big bedroom. It hasn’t got a p____40____ bathroom; but there’s one opposite her room. It’s close and convenient.●Graziella from S___41___; is also a student of English like Maria. But she lives with the Gayfamily as a g___42___. Pauline and Sean Gay are m___43___ with two d___44___ called Hannah and Ella.●If you want to have a t___45___ of Italian food in the U.S.; Frank MacKondy’s t___46___food shop is a good choice. It sells h___47___ Italian food and all kinds of sandwiches;which can all be s___48___ hot or cold. And the s___49___ in his shop is the party sandwich which is big e___50___ for thirty people.V. Choose 10 from the 12 words in the box to complete the passage with their proper forms.Mrs. Brown is very fat. “Don’t eat meat____51____”;her doctor says to her. “I ____52___her eating them; doctor.”Her husband says.The next morning; Mrs. Brown___53____a nice cake for Mr. Brown; and her husband eats ___54___of it . After he goes out ;Mrs. Brown cuts a very small ___55___of the cake and eats it . It is very good . Then she cuts a bigger piece and eats it __56____. In a few minutes she finishes the cake.“My husband is going to be very___57____.”she says.“What am I going to do ”She makes another cake very quickly; eats half of that; and ____58___half on the ___59____ . Her husband comes back later .He sees the half of the cake on the table and he is very ___60 ____.VI. Writing. 10’As Thanks-giving Day 感恩节is arriving; do you have anyone you want to say “thanks”to Now write a composition with 100 to 120 words about Thanks-giving Day. The following points should be included.1. A title.2. What do you know about Thanks-giving Day3. Who do you want to thank on this year’s Thanks-giving Day and why Give at least tworeasons.4. How are you going to show your thanks Write at least two ways.5. What do you think of your plan 计划for this Thanks-giving Day成都外国语学校17-18学年上初二期中英语考试答案Part A 80’听力：1-5 CBDAC 6-10 CDBCA 11-15 BACAB 16-20:CDBCC 21-25:BABBA 26-30:CADDB笔试：I. Multiple C hoice. 25’31-35 BDCBB 36-40 ABDAC 41-45 DDCAD46-50 ACBDA 51-55 DDCADII. Cloze. 10’56-60 DBADD 61-65 ADBCAIII. Reading Comprehension. 15’66-70 CACBD 71-75 CACBD 76-80 BBDCDPart B 70’I. Fill in the blanks according to the correct forms of the given words. 15’1.unreasonable2. arrival3. called4. electrician5. to travel6.photography7. including 8. flies 9. checking10. Spanish 11fortably 12. are hugging13. marital 14. visitors 15. to takeII. Pattern shift. 10’16.under17.is about to18.What’s the price of19.isn’t it20.Alan hasn’t got any posters to take when he moves to a new house.21.How far is it from your school to the city centre/center22.How does the boy earn pocket money at home23.How much bread is there on the bread board24.On which floor is the games room with a billiard table / Which floor is the games room witha billiard table on25.What does Frank enjoy doing at his shopIII. Find the only mistake in each line and correct them. 5’26.and---but 27. tidy---tidies 28. is---are 29. for---of 30. a picture---thepictureIV. Fill in the blanks according to the texts and the first letters given. 20’31. Ireland 32. Advertising 33. secretary 34. manager35. friendly 36. sports 37. flat 38. international39. minutes’40. private 41. Switzerland 42. guest43. married 44. daughters 45. taste 46. takeaway47. homemade 48. served 49. speciality 50. enough V. Choose 10 from the 12 words in the box to complete the passage with their proper forms. Each word can be used only once. 10’51.again 52.will stop 53.makes 54.half55.piece 56.quickly 57.angry 58.leaves59.table 60.happyVI.. Writing. 10’As Thanks-giving Day is arriving; do you have anyone you want to say “thanks” to Nowwrite a composition with 100 to 120 words about the Thanks-giving Day. The following pointsshould be included.1. A title. 1’2. What do you know about Thanks-giving Day 1’3. Who do you want to thank on this year’s Thanks-giving Day and why Give at least tworeasons. 3’4. How are you going to show your thanks Write at least two ways. 2’5. What do you think of your plan for this Thanks-giving Day 1’结构及用词：1’卷面及字迹：1’。
成都市实验外国语学校初中物理八年级上册期中测试题(有答案解析)
一、选择题1．王老师上课带来一把金属勺放在了讲桌上，把刚烧开的开水倒入杯中，将金属勺放在杯里，一会儿金属勺熔化了；当杯中的水温降为室温（约20℃）后，杯中凝固出一金属块。
关于这种金属，下列判断正确的是（）A．该金属熔点不低于20℃B．该金属熔点低于20℃C．该金属凝固点高于100℃D．该金属是非晶体2．如图是烧开水时从壶嘴冒出“白气”和刚从冰箱中取出的雪糕冒“白气”时的情景，对于这两种“白气”的解释，下列说法中正确的是（）A．雪糕周围的“白气”是升华形成的B．壶嘴里冒出的“白气”是水蒸气C．两种“白气”都是水蒸气发生汽化形成的D．两种“白气”都是水蒸气发生液化形成的3．下列关于蒸发和沸腾的说法正确的是（）A．蒸发和沸腾都属于液化现象B．蒸发和沸腾都可以在任何温度下进行C．蒸发和沸腾都需要从外界吸收热量D．蒸发的快慢与温度无关，沸腾时温度保持不变4．物质M通过吸、放热，出现三种不同物态，如图所示。
甲、乙、丙物态依次为（）A．固气液B．固液气C．气液固D．液气固5．一个锣鼓队正在表演。
观众们发现，每当队员用手按住正在发声的鼓面，原本听到的鼓声就“消失”了。
你认为主要原因是（）A．手不能传播声音B．手吸收了声波C．手使鼓面停止了振动D．手把声音反射回去6．唐朝一寺庙所藏的罄常常无故自鸣，和尚不知其因而被惊吓以致患病，后经人指点方知与前殿的钟有关，击此应彼，故钟鸣罄响。
关于此现象，下列说法正确的是（）A．“钟鸣罄响”是一种回声现象B．“罄无故自鸣”说明有些物体不振动也可以产生声音C．“钟鸣罄响”说明钟和罄一起在做相同形式的振动D．“钟鸣罄响”说明钟和罄的音色和音调都不同7．如图甲所示是一手工艺品，由竹筒（A、B两端开口，C处开一小口）和活塞（如图乙所示）组成，将活塞从B处塞入，在A处吹气并来回拉动活塞能发出悦耳的哨音（如图丙所示），下列说法正确的是（）A．哨音的传播不需要介质B．嘴音是由活塞上下振动产生的C．换用更大的力吹气改变了哨音的音调D．吹气时来回拉动活塞改变了哨音的音调8．下列与声音有关的四个情景，说法错误的是（）A．图甲中的发声扬声器使烛焰晃动，说明声波能传递能量B．图乙中的倒车需达是利用超声波传递信息C．图丙中的发声音叉将乒乓球弹开，说明发声的物体在振动D．图丁中8个相同玻璃瓶装有不同高度的水，敲击它们时发出声音的音色不同9．小强和小明坐在顺水漂流的皮筏中，相对于小强，下列说法正确的是（）A．皮筏是运动的B．岸边的树木是静止的C．小明是运动的D．溪水是静止的10．如图所示为甲、乙两人从同一地点同时出发，沿一条平直公路跑步时，路程随时间变化的图像，以下关于甲、乙两人运动的说法正确的是（）A．两人均做匀速直线运动B．0~50s内甲、乙运动的平均速度相同C．甲的速度始终大于乙的速度D．乙的速度始终为4m/s11．晓燕在学校春季运动会百米赛跑中以16s的成绩获得冠军，测得她在50m处的速度是5m/s，到终点时的速度为7m/s，则全程内的平均速度是（）A．5m/s B．6m/s C．6.25m/s D．7m/s12．一乘客坐在一辆以8m/s的速度匀速向东行驶的汽车里，关于他的运动和静止情况有（）①以路边的电线杆为参照物，他在向东运动②以座椅为参照物他是静止的③以他后面的一辆以12m/s向东行驶的汽车为参照物，他在向西运动④不论以什么为参照物他都在向东运动A．只有①对B．只有①和②对C．只有④对D．①②③都对，④不对二、填空题13．在研究“固体熔化过程的规律”和“沸腾的规律”实验中，共同需要的测量工具是停表和__。
八年级上册成都物理期中精选试卷(Word版 含解析)
八年级上册成都物理期中精选试卷（Word 版 含解析）一、初二物理 声现象实验易错压轴题（难）1．下图为一声速测量仪器的使用说明书和实验装置图，阅读并回答问题．(1)若把铜铃放在甲、乙的中点，则液晶显示屏的示数________．(2)一同学将铜铃放到甲的左边，并与甲、乙在一条直线上，则铜铃离甲越远，液晶显示屏的数值________(选填“变大”、“变小”或“不变”)．(3)一同学想验证声速与气体内部压力的关系，把铜铃固定放在甲的左边，并与甲、乙在一条直线上，然后在甲、乙之间加压，发现液晶显示屏的数值变小，则声速随气体压力的增大而________．A ．变大B ．变小C ．不变D ．无法判断(4)如图中，已知s 1＝20 cm ，s 2＝80 cm ，液晶显示屏上显示：1.875，则此时声速约为________m/s ．【答案】为零 不变 A 320【解析】 【分析】 【详解】(1)液晶屏显示甲、乙接收到信号的时间差，放在中点时，声音传播的距离相等，用时相等，所以时间差为零，即液晶显示屏的示数为零．(2)设甲与铜铃的距离为s 1，甲、乙相距为s 2，铜铃放到甲的左边，则1212s s s s t v v v+=-= 因此s 1增大，△t 不变，液晶屏显示数值不变． (3)设甲与铜铃的距离为s 1，甲、乙相距为s 2．1212s s s s t v v v +=-=，增加压力时△t 变小，由于s 2不变，根据s v t=知，速度v 变大． (4)如题图中所示，显示的时间差为：21s s t v v =-，所以(8020)cm320m/s1.875msv-==．【点睛】重点是速度公式的应用，注意理解液晶屏显示数值是两接收器收到声音的时间差，利用好此差值，则题目可解．2．探究影响音调的高低有关因素：装置事实如图（1）所示，某小组同学在甲、乙、丙、丁四个相同的玻璃瓶里装入高度不同的水，来研究“音调高低与哪些因素有关”．首先，小组同学用嘴贴着瓶口吹气，发现甲、乙、丙、丁四个玻璃瓶会依次发出“fa（4）”“mi（3）”“ri”“do（1）”四个音阶不同的声音，接着小组同学用橡皮锤轻轻敲击瓶身，发现甲、乙、丙、丁四个玻璃瓶会依次发出“do（1）”“ri （2）”“mi（3）”“fa（4）”四个音阶不同的声音由此现象，回答下列问题：步骤（1）同样的瓶子，如玻璃瓶甲，为什么向瓶口吹气发出“fa（4）”的音，而用橡皮锤轻轻敲击瓶身则发出“do（1）”的音？小组同学经过讨论后发现主要是由于______不同．（2）小组同学由两次实验现象初步得出结论：______不同，音调不同．（3）接着，小组同学又用示波器来显示敲击丙、丁两瓶身时的振动波形图，如图（2）所示，其中图（a）是敲击______瓶身的振动波形图，图（b）是敲击______瓶身的振动波形图；同时，小组同学还发现由于两次敲击时的用力程度不同，从波形图上能反映出瓶身发出的响度也不同，其中敲击______瓶身的响度大（均填“丙”或“丁”）评价（4）小组同学经过讨论还得出可以用此实验的规律判断生活中一些实例的发声体．例如：吹笛子时，用手堵住笛孔能产生不同的声音，与上述______实验的发声体是相同的，提着水壶向热水瓶里灌开水听到的声音会发生改变，与上述______实验的发声体是相同的（均填“向瓶口吹气”或“用锤敲击瓶身”）【答案】振动物体频率丙丁丁向瓶口吹气向瓶口歇气【解析】【详解】[1]用嘴贴着瓶口吹气，振动发声的是由于瓶内空气的振动发出的，用橡皮锤轻轻敲击瓶子的外侧，声音是由瓶子和瓶内水的振动发声，振动物体不同；[2]用嘴贴着瓶口吹气时，空气柱长度越短，其振动越快，音调越高；用橡皮锤轻轻敲击瓶子的外侧，水越多，振动越慢，音调越低；发声的频率不同，音调不同；[3]由图(1)可知，丙比丁中水多，用橡皮锤轻轻敲击瓶子外侧时，丙中水多，振动的频率低，由图(2)可知，（a）的频率低，则（a）是敲击丙瓶身的振动波形图；[4]同理可知（b）是敲击丁瓶身的振动波形图；[5]由图(2)可知，（b）的振幅较大，说明敲击丁瓶身的响度大;[6]吹笛子时，用手堵住笛孔能产生不同的声音，是靠改变空气柱的长度来改变音调的，与向瓶口吹气实验的发声体是相同的；[7]提着水壶向热水瓶里灌开水时，随着水的灌入，空气柱越来越短，振动的频率越来越高，与向瓶口吹气实验的发声体是相同的。
成都市石室外语学校初中物理八年级上册期中检测卷(答案解析)
一、选择题1．某兴趣小组以相同的烧杯盛等量的水，以相同的热源同时加热，如图所示，甲杯为隔水加热，乙杯为隔油加热，丙杯为隔砂加热。
在标准大气压下，加热段时间后。
测得使杯外物质的温度分别为水温100℃，油温300℃，砂温600℃，观察到乙、丙两烧杯中的水呈沸腾状态，则三个烧杯中水的温度大小关系是（）A．t甲=t乙=t丙B．t甲>t乙>t丙C．t甲<t乙=t丙D．t甲<t乙<t丙2．下列有关物态变化的叙述中正确的是（）A．蒸发和沸腾在任何温度下都能发生B．烧水时在壶口上方看到的白气是水蒸气C．云的形成涉及的主要物态变化为液化和凝华D．衣柜里的樟脑丸逐渐减少是汽化现象3．下列温度最接近23℃的是（）A．健康成年人的体温B．让人感觉温暖舒适的室温C．冰水混合物的温度D．东台地区冬季最低气温4．下列数据最接近实际的是（）A．人体感觉舒适的温度为20℃B．中学生正常步行的速度约为1.1m/sC．正常人脉搏跳动一次的时间约为200次/min D．八年级物理课本长度为26dm5．剧院及音乐厅，四周墙壁常挂昵绒帘幕，同时墙壁会做成凹凸不平的像蜂窝似的，这是为了（）A．装饰、美观B．吸收声波减小嘈杂的回声C．易于反射声波增大声音反射D．提高声音的音调6．音乐会上男中音放声歌唱，女高音轻声伴唱。
下列关于两人声音的描述，正确的是（）A．男中音比女高音音调低、响度大B．男中音比女高音音调低、响度小C．男中音比女高音音调高、响度大D．男中音比女高音音调高、响度小7．“小明，上学啦!”家住一楼的小强大声喊着三楼的小明，邀他一起上学。
对这一过程中的声现象的解释，正确的是（）A．小强的喊声是空气的振动产生的B．小明能听到楼下的喊声，说明声音可以在空气中传播C．小明从喊声中听出是小强，他是根据声音的响度来判断的D．小明的妈妈提醒他下楼时脚步要轻些，这是为了降低音调8．学校积极响应各级教育部门的号召，从2月10日起利用网络开展“停课不停学”线上教学活动，各科老师轮番上阵网络直播，下列物理现象中描述正确的是（）A．同学们听出熟悉的老师声音时异常兴奋，同学能区分出老师的声音是因为老师们声音音调不同B．老师在讲到关键点时，通过提高声音频率的方式来达到增大音量，强调重点知识的目的C．同学们听课时会要求正在用手机看视频的爸爸戴上耳机，这是在人耳处控制噪声D．同学们通过听网课获取知识，因为声音可以传递信息9．如图所示，白鹭水平掠过平静的湖面，在水中形成了清晰的倒影。
成都市实验外国语学校(西区)初中物理八年级上册期中测试(有答案解析)
一、选择题1．下列有关物态变化的判断正确的是（）A．雪山上的雪﹣﹣雪的形成是凝固现象，需要放热B．山间的雾﹣﹣雾的形成是汽化现象，需要吸热C．树上的露珠﹣﹣露的形成是熔化现象，需要吸热D．草木上的霜﹣﹣霜的形成是凝华现象，需要放热2．如图所示，用温度计测量液体温度的操作中，正确的是（）A．B．C．D．3．下列场景与所蕴含物理知识的对应关系正确的是（）A．春季，农民伯伯用地膜覆盖农田育苗——降低液体温度减慢蒸发B．夏季，手拿着一瓶冰冻矿泉水，冰减少，手感到凉——熔化吸热C．秋季，东北街道的树枝上挂着一层霜——霜是非晶体D．冬季，戴着眼镜从室外走进室内，镜片模糊不清——液化吸热4．“赏中华诗词、寻文化基因、品生活之美"的《中国诗词大会》，深受观众的青睐.下列对诗文中涉及的热现象解释正确的是（）A．“雾凇沆场，天与云与山与水，上下一白。
”雾凇的形成是升华现象B．“月落乌啼霜满天，江枫渔火对愁眠.”霜的形成是凝固现象C．“青青园中葵，朝露待日晞.”露的形成是汽化现象D．“梅需逊雪三分白，雪却输梅一段香”雪的形成是凝华现象5．如图所示，小胡同学做有关声现象的实验时，将一个正在发声的音叉贴近面颊，目的是为了（）A．估算发声音叉的质量B．体验发声音叉的温度C．感受发声音叉的振动D．判断声音的传播速度6．下列事例中不是利用声波能传递信息的是（）A．医生通过听诊器给病人诊病B．盲人利用超声波导盲仪探测前进道路上的障碍物C．接收次声波等信息判断地震的方位D．利用超声波排除人体内的结石7．如图，7个相同的玻璃瓶内装有高度不同的水，调节水的高度，敲击它们，就可以发出“1.2.3.4.5.6.7”的声音来；而用嘴吹每个瓶子的上端，则可以发出哨声。
下列说法正确的是（）A．敲击瓶子时，从左到右，音调越来越低B．敲击瓶子时，声音是由瓶中空气振动产生的C．用嘴吹气时，声音是由瓶子中的水振动产生的D．用嘴吹气时，从左到右，音调越来越低8．喜迎新中国成立70周年，歌曲《我和我的祖国》传遍大江南北，下列说法不正确的是（）A．歌声是由于物体振动产生的B．歌声在空气中是以声波的形式向外传播的C．歌声也可以在固体和液体中传播D．歌声总是以340m/s的速度向外传播9．汽车后刹车灯的光源，若采用发光二极管LED，则通电后亮起的时间会比采用白炽灯大约快0.5s，故有助于后车驾驶员提前作出反应，即遇到情况时可提前0.5s刹车。
成都市实验外国语学校(西区)初中物理八年级上册期中测试题(包含答案解析)
一、选择题1．预防新冠肺炎病毒时要测量体温。
若用如图所示这支未甩过的体温计去测量 37℃与39℃的就诊者体温，则该体温计的示数先后分别是（）A．37℃和 39℃B．37℃和 38.5℃C．37℃和 37℃D．38.5℃和 39℃2．“赏中华诗词、寻文化基因、品生活之美”的《中国诗词大会》，深受观众的青味，下列对古诗文中涉及的热现象解释正确的是（）A．“雾淞沆砀，天与云与山与水，上下一白”——雾淞的形成是升华现象B．“月落乌啼霜满天，江枫渔火对愁眠“一一霜的形成是凝固现象C．“青青园中，朝露待日晞”一一露的形成是汽化现象D．“腾蛇乘雾，终为土灰”——雾的形成是液化现象3．在标准大气压下，一些物质的熔点和沸点如表所示，由表中所提供的数据，判断正确的是（）物质熔点/℃沸点/℃酒精-11778水银-39357铅3281740A．温度达到-118℃时，酒精是固态，水银是液态B．温度达到-38℃时，水银是固态，酒精是液态C．温度达到356℃时，水银和铅都是液态4．舞台上演员跳舞时，会喷洒干冰产生一种美丽的效果——“白雾”。
关于这种效果产生的整个过程中，所包含的物态变化主要有（）A．凝华、熔化B．升华、熔化C．升华、液化D．凝华、液化5．关于声现象，下列说法正确的是( )A．“闻其声而知其人”主要是根据声音的响度来判断的B．用超声波能粉碎人体内的“小石头”，说明声波能传递能量C．城市某些路段禁鸣喇叭，这是在声音传播的过程中减弱噪声D．“不敢高声语，恐惊天上人”中的“高”是指声音的音调高6．下列事例是利用声传递能量的是（）A．医生用听诊器诊断病情B．利用超声波排除人体内的结石C．司机利用倒车雷达防止倒车撞人D．蝙蝠利用“回声定位”确定目标的位置7．如图甲所示是一手工艺品，由竹筒（A、B两端开口，C处开一小口）和活塞（如图乙所示）组成，将活塞从B处塞入，在A处吹气并来回拉动活塞能发出悦耳的哨音（如图丙所示），下列说法正确的是（）A．哨音的传播不需要介质B．嘴音是由活塞上下振动产生的C．换用更大的力吹气改变了哨音的音调D．吹气时来回拉动活塞改变了哨音的音调8．中考期间，考场附近“禁鸣喇叭”，从有效控制噪声的角度分析是属于（）A．控制噪声源B．控制噪声的传播途径C．保护受噪声影响者D．控制噪声的音调和音色9．甲、乙、丙、丁为四辆在同一平直公路上行驶的小车，它们的运动图像如图所示，由图可知其中受到平衡力作用的是（）A．甲和丙B．甲和丁C．甲、丙、丁D．乙、丙、丁10．下列说法中错误的是（）A．测量需要达到的准确度，跟测量的要求有关，跟测量的人和工具无关B．在记录测量结果时，只写数字不写单位是毫无意义的C．在记录测量结果时，数值的大小与所用的单位有关系D．在记录测量结果时，小数点后面数字的位数越多，说明测量结果越准确11．在观光电梯上，乘客在竖直上下的过程中便可欣赏到美丽的景色。
成都四川师范大学实验外国语学校初中物理八年级上册期中测试(含答案解析)
一、选择题1．下列所给数据中，最接近实际的是（）A．比较舒适的居住环境的温度大约是 40℃B．每周一升旗演奏中华人民共和国国歌所需的时间约为 20sC．成人正常步行的速度大约为5m/sD．心脏的跳动频率大约是 1.2Hz2．把温度为-8℃的冰块投入密闭隔热盛有0℃水的容器中，经过一段时间后，关于容器中冰的说法正确的是A．冰的质量减少了B．冰的质量没变化C．冰的质量增大了D．以上情况均有可能3．如图所示的是物质发生物态变化过程中“温度﹣时间”图像。
表示晶体熔化过程是（）A．B．C．D．4．如图所示，用温度计测量液体温度的操作中，正确的是（）A．B．C．D．5．唐代诗人张继留下的诗并不多，但一首《枫桥夜泊》伴随苏州城，伴随寒山寺流传千年。
在《枫桥夜泊》中曾写到“姑苏城外寒山寺，夜半钟声到客船”。
下列对钟声的解释正确的是（）A．钟声是由空气的振动产生B．钟声是由钟体的振动产生C．钟声可以在真空中传播D．钟声是通过水传到诗人的耳朵6．下列事例中不是利用声波能传递信息的是（）A．医生通过听诊器给病人诊病B．盲人利用超声波导盲仪探测前进道路上的障碍物C．接收次声波等信息判断地震的方位D．利用超声波排除人体内的结石7．下列有关声现象的叙述错误的是（）A．声音都是靠空气来传播的B．声音传播的速度与响度无关C．面对听力较弱者要提高音量讲话D．企鹅妈妈能在众多小企鹅的叫声中辨别出自己的“孩子”8．小梦做了如图所示的实验：改变钢尺伸出桌面的长度，用相同的力拨动钢尺，听声音的变化和钢尺振动的变化可以得出（）A．音色与发声体的材料有关B．音色与发声体振动的幅度有关C．响度跟发声体振动的幅度有关D．音调与发声体振动的频率有关9．某物体做变速直线运动，已知它在前14路程的平均速度为1m/s，后34路程的平均速度2m/s，那么它在整个路程中的平均速度是（）A．1m/s B．1.5m/s C．1.6m/s D．2m/s10．雷达是利用电磁波来测定物体位置和速度的设备，它可以向一定方向发射电磁波(电磁波在空气中的传播速度是3×108m/s)，当遇到障碍物时要发生反射，雷达在发射和接收反射回来的电磁波时，在荧光屏上分别呈现出一个尖形波，如果雷达监视屏上显示的发射和接收的尖形波如图所示，已知雷达监视屏上相邻刻线间表示的时间间隔为10-4s，则被监视目标与雷达的距离最接近（）A．4.5×104m B．6×104m C．9×104m D．1.2×105m 11．2019年10月18日﹣27日，第七届世界军人运动会会在武汉举行。
四川省成都市八年级上学期物理期中考试试卷
四川省成都市八年级上学期物理期中考试试卷姓名:________ 班级:________ 成绩:________一、单项选择题（每小题2分，共32分）每小题只有一个选项是正确的 (共16题；共32分)1. （2分）下列说法中，正确的是（）A . 夏天，让人感觉舒适的房间温度是25℃B . 初中物理课本的宽约为30cmC . 高速公路上小轿车的速度可达40km/hD . 普通中学生的质量约为60g2. （2分） (2019八下·汕尾期末) 如图所示，“天舟一号”飞行器和“天宫二号”空间站在轨道上对接成功。
此时我们说“天宫二号”是静止的，则选取的参照物可以是（）A . 地球B . 太阳C . “天舟一号D . “天宫二号”3. （2分）小明同学在做实验时，发现自己测得的数据跟老师的不一样，你认为他的做法错误的是（）A . 对老师的数据提出质疑B . 改动自己的数据，使之跟老师的数据一致C . 检查自己的实验方案是否合理D . 检查自己的实验过程是否有错误4. （2分） (2016八上·岳池期中) 下列数据是对身边的一些物理量值的估计，其中基本符合实际情况的是（）A . 成人正常步行的速度大约为4km/hB . 物理课本中一张纸的厚度约为1mmC . 人的正常体温为39℃D . 唱一遍中华人民共和国国歌的时间大约为10min5. （2分）测量的误差是指（）A . 准确值与估计值之间的差异B . 估计值与真实值之间的差异C . 测量值与真实值之间的差异D . 测量值与估计值之间的差异6. （2分）关于声现象下列说法错误的是（）A . 医生用听诊器查听胎音，是利用了声音能传递信息的作用B . 某声源1分钟振动360次，我们是无法听到该声音的C . 发出较强声音的喇叭能使它前面的烛焰“跳舞”，说明声音具有能量D . “脆如银铃”是指声音的音色好7. （2分）(2017·平邑模拟) 用如图的刻度尺来测量木块的长度，测量结果正确的是（）A . 1.60cmB . 8.60cmC . 3.10cmD . 以上读数都不正确8. （2分）如图所示，根据声音的波形判断，属于噪声的是（）A .B .C .D .9. （2分） (2017八上·贵州期中) 关于运动和静止，下列说法错误的是（）A . 拖拉机和联合收割机以同样的速度前进时，以拖拉机为参照物，联合收割机是静止的B . 站在上升的观光电梯上的乘客认为电梯是静止的，是因为他以身边的乘客为参照物C . 站在地球上的人认为地球同步卫星在空中静止不动，是因为他以自己为参照物D . 飞机在空中加油时，若以受油机为参照物，加油机是运动的10. （2分）下列与声现象有关的说法中正确的是（）A . 一切发声的物体都在振动B . 公路旁安装“声障墙”是在声源处减弱噪声C . 声和电磁波都能传递信息，且都可以在真空中传播D . 声音在空气中的传播速度一定是340m/s11. （2分） (2017八上·锡山期中) 下列关于光现象的说法中正确的是（）A . 光发生漫反射时，反射角不等于入射角B . 我们能看到鲜艳的黄色的花是因为花能发出黄色的光C . 彩色电视机的色彩是用红、黄、蓝三种色光按不同的比例混合得到的D . “背日喷乎水，成霓虹之状”，这是一种光的色散现象12. （2分）我们学过的许多成语包含了声现象，如：①掩耳盗铃、②低声细语、③隔墙有耳、④悦耳动听、⑤震耳欲聋。
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2016-2017学年四川省成都实验外国语学校八年级（上）期中物理试卷一、单项选择题：（每小题2分，共34分．每小题中只有一个选项是正确的，把正确选项前的宇母填写在答题卷中．）1．（2分）关于分子和原子，下列说法正确的是（）A．原子是由原子核和中子组成B．原子核是由质子和中子构成的C．固体的分子是静止不动的D．分子间只存在吸引力2．（2分）据说美国研制出一种用超声波做子弹的枪，当超声波达到一定强度时就能有较强的攻力，下列有关此武器的应用、认识错误的是（）A．此枪不能在月球上使用B．此枪可以射杀水中的鱼C．超声波具有穿透力强等特点D．此枪射击时超声波响度太大3．（2分）下列物体中属于光源的是（）A．月亮B．闪闪发光的红宝石C．萤火虫D．电子表上的液晶4．（2分）甲、乙、丙三位同学测一张长1.2m的办公桌，甲、乙均用分度值为1cm的刻度尺，丙用分度值为1mm的刻度尺，甲、乙、丙三人测出的数据分别为1.203m、12.0dm、120.1cm，其中正确的是（）A．三者都对B．甲对C．乙对D．丙对5．（2分）如图，枯井中的青蛙位于井底O点“坐井观天”，下图中青蛙通过井口观察范围正确的是（）A．B．C．D．6．（2分）下列有关误差的说法中，正确的是（）A．误差只能尽量减小，而不能消除B．测量可以做到没有误差C．测量中采用多次测量求平均值的方法，可以消灭误差D．测量中的误差是由于错误而造成的，因此是可以避免的7．（2分）A、B两物体运动的路程之比S1：S2=2：3，所用的时间之比t1：t2=1：2，则A、B的速度之比v1：v2为（）A．1：3 B．3：4 C．3：1 D．4：38．（2分）下列运动中不属于机械运动的是（）A．飞机升空B．小船顺流而下C．卫星绕地球转动 D．星星在天空中闪烁9．（2分）两列火车如图所示，西子号列车上的乘客看到和谐号列车正在向东行驶，如果以地面为参照物，则下列说法正确的是（）A．若西子号向东行驶，则和谐号一定静止B．若西子号向东行驶，则和谐号一定也向东行驶C．若西子号静止，则和谐号可能向西行驶D．若两车都向西行驶，则西子号行驶得较慢10．（2分）龟和兔在路程为S0的一段平直赛道上进行赛跑竞技比赛，它们赛跑的路程﹣时间图象如图所示，下列说法正确的是（）A．在完成S0赛段的比赛中，龟和兔都做匀速直线运动B．在完成S0赛段的比赛中，龟比兔先到达比赛的终点C．在完成S0赛段的比赛中，兔总是比龟跑得快D．在完成S0赛段的比赛中，兔比龟的平均速度大11．（2分）在百米赛跑中，小明到达50m处的速度是9.0m/s，12.5s末到达终点的速度是7.5m/s，则小明跑完全程的平均速度是（）A．7.5m/s B．9.0m/s C．8.0m/s D．8.25m/s12．（2分）阳光灿烂的日子，行走在绿树成荫的街道上，常常见到地面上有一些圆形的光斑，这些光斑是（）A．树叶的实像B．树叶的虚像C．太阳的实像D．太阳的虚像13．（2分）生活中经常需要控制噪声，以下措施中，属于在传播过程中减弱噪声的是（）A．道路两旁载行道树B．考场周围禁鸣喇叭C．机场员工佩戴耳罩D．建筑工地限时工作14．（2分）甲、乙两条光线射至界面并被反射，由图可知甲、乙两条光线的反射角分别为（）A．90°，60°B．90°，30°C．0°，60°D．0°，30°15．（2分）物质具有能量，能量有各种形式，并且各种形式的能量可以相互转化。
白溪水电站发电时，其能量的形式转化是（）A．电能转化为水能 B．水能转化为电能C．光能转化为电能 D．风能转化为电能16．（2分）为迎接歌咏比赛，音乐教师将班内的学生分为“高音声部”和“低音声部”进行排练。
这里“高”和“低”是指声音的（）A．音调B．音色C．响度D．振幅17．（2分）光学实验课时，小叶用激光灯对着光滑的大理石地面照射，无意中发现对面粗糙的墙壁上会出现一个明亮的光斑，而光滑地面上的光斑很暗，对此现象解释较合理的是（）A．地面吸收了所有的光B．墙壁对光发生漫反射C．地面对光发生漫反射D．墙壁对光发生镜面反射二、填空题（每空2分，共34分）18．（4分）2016年3月10日天空出现了日全食。
日全食发生的原因是由于光的，位于中间位置的是（选填“月球”、“地球”或“太阳”）。
19．（2分）小轿车匀速行驶在路上，坐在副驾驶位置的小华观察到轿车速度盘的指针始终在90km/h的位置处，在超越相邻车道上同向匀速行驶的另一辆大客车的过程中，小华发现自己经过该车的时间为5s，大客车长约10m，如图所示，则被超越的大客车的车速大约是km/h。
20．（2分）二胡（如图所示）是我国的传统民族乐器。
演奏家在演奏前，总是要调节琴轴以调整弦线的松紧程度，他这样做的目的是改变二胡声音的（选填“响度”、“音调”或“音色”）。
21．（2分）如图所示，两块平面镜相交成60°角，一束光线AO射到平面镜MP 上，光线经两平面镜反射后与AO重合，但方向相反。
则AO与平面镜MP的夹角α是°。
22．（2分）用一个刚从冰箱中拿出的钢制毫米刻度尺，测量一个机器零件的长度，这样测量的结果将。
（填大或小）23．（2分）穿久了的皮鞋会失去光泽，这是由于鞋的表面变得粗糙，光射到它的表面会发生。
（选填“镜面反射”“漫反射”）24．（6分）小丽同学“探究声音的产生”的装置如图7所示，将系在细线上的乒乓球靠近音叉。
当小丽同学用小锤敲击音叉的时候，既能听到音叉发出的声音，又能观察到乒乓球弹起。
说明声音是由物体产生的，此实验中乒乓球的巧妙运用体现的科学方法是。
加大力度敲音叉，它的振动频率（会/不会）改变。
25．（4分）哈尔滨市的五月，丁香花盛开，芳香四溢，人们能闻到花香，说明花的香味分子；若以走过花丛的行人为参照物，丁香树是的（选填“静止”或“运动”）。
26．（6分）如图，在一张不透光的纸板上用针扎一个直径约1mm的小孔，让白炽灯泡发出的光穿过小孔射到白纸上，在白纸上可看到一个清晰的灯丝光斑，这是（选填“影子”或“小孔成像”）现象。
若其他物体保持不变，只让纸板向上移动，则白纸上的光斑将（选填“变大”“变小”或“不变”），同时亮度将（选填“变亮”“变暗”或“不变”）。
27．（4分）甲、乙两车分别从P、Q两点同时同向运动，它们的s﹣t图象分别如图（a）、（b）所示，经过6秒甲、乙相遇。
甲、乙的速度分别为v甲、v乙，P、Q间的距离为S，则v甲v乙（选填“＞”“＜”或“=”），S=m。
三、作图题（共6分）28．（3分）一位同学按老师的要求，用硬纸筒做针孔照相机实验，请在图中作出物体AB的像A′B′。
29．（3分）如图所示，小明利用一块平面镜使此时的太阳光水平射入隧道内。
请你通过作图画出平面镜并标出反射角的度数。
四、计算题（共10分）30．（5分）一辆汽车匀速向山崖开去，在离山崖900m时司机按了一下喇叭，经过了5s他听到了回声，求：（1）汽车的速度为多少？（声音在空气中的传播速度为340m/s）（2）当司机听到回声时离山崖多远？31．（5分）现代社会汽车大量增加，发生交通事故的一个重要原因是遇到意外情况时车不能立即停止，驾驶员从发现前方道路有异常情况到立即刹车制动需要一段时间，这段时间叫反应时间，在这段时间里汽车通过的距离叫反应距离。
从操纵制动器，到汽车完全停止，汽车又前进一段距离，这段距离叫制动距离。
（1）若汽车在平直高速公路上以120km/h的速度匀速行驶，反应距离是多少？（2）为避免与前车相撞，正常行驶速度为60km/h的驾驶员必须使自己驾驶的汽车与前面车辆保持一定的距离，这一距离至少要大于多少米？（保留一位小数）五、实验与探究题（每空2分，共16分）32．（6分）在测量“小车的平均速度”实验中，某同学设计了如图所示的实验装置，小车由斜面的顶端由静止下滑，图中的圆圈内是小车到达A、B、C三点时电子表的显示（数字分别表示时、分、秒），则：AC的平均速度V AC=m/s，AB 段的平均速度V AB=BC段的平均速度V BC（选填“大于”、“等于”、“小于”）．小车在整个运动中做运动。
33．（4分）小明在吉他演奏中发现，琴弦发出的音调与弦线的长度、粗细和张力有关。
于是他想：（1）利用弦音计做研究，如图（a）所示，其中a、b、c、d四根弦线的张力相同。
a与c粗细相同，b与d粗细相同，a、b、d均为铜丝，c为尼龙丝。
①若他选择b、d两弦线做实验，则研究的目的是探究音调与弦线的的关系。
②若他要研宄音调与弦线粗细的关系，则应选择ab两弦线做实验。
③小明研究后得出结论：在其他条件相同的情况下，弦线越长，发出的音调越低；弦线越粗，发出的音调越低。
（2）请你据图（b）判断，在张力相同的情况下，分别按住A点、B点、C点后拨动琴弦，发出的音调最高的是按住点。
34．（6分）如图，探究光的反射定律（1）如图甲，将纸板垂直镜面放置，让光线贴着纸板沿AO方向射向镜面，反射光线沿OB方向射出。
（2）保持两侧纸板在同一平面内，将它们如图乙所示倾斜，让光线仍贴着纸板沿AO方向射向镜面，发现纸板上不能看到反射光线，此时反射光线与入射光线、法线（选填“在”或“不在”）同一平面内。
（3）在图甲中，再用另一只激光笔让光线沿着BO（即逆着原反射光线）射向平面镜时，可看到反射光线沿OA射出，这说明光路是可逆的。
多次改变入射光线AO与ON的夹角进行实验，测量记录如表所示，分析数据得出的结论是：。
（4）“光线”这个概念的提出，运用到的科学方法是。
一、不定项选择题（每题2分，共10分．有的小题只有一个选项符合题目要求，有的小题有二个选项符合题目要求，全部选对的得2分，选对但不全的得1分，有选错或者不答的得0分）35．（2分）如图所示，四个相同的玻璃瓶内装有深度不同的水。
用筷子轻轻敲击瓶口或用嘴贴着瓶口吹气，会发出不同的声音。
下列关于所发出声音的判断中正确的是（）A．用筷子轻轻敲击瓶口，甲瓶的音调最高B．用嘴贴着瓶口吹气，甲瓶的音调最高C．用筷子轻轻敲击瓶口，丁瓶的音调最高D．用嘴贴着瓶口吹气，丁瓶的音调最高36．（2分）用白粉笔在平面镜上画一幅画，在黑暗的房间里，用手电筒正对着镜面照射，那么人站在镜的正面或侧面去看平面镜上的那幅画，下列说法正确的是（）A．正面看画较清晰 B．侧面看画较清晰C．正面与侧面一样清晰D．都不清晰37．（2分）甲同学骑自行车去看望乙同学，得知消息后，乙同学步行去迎接，接到后同车返回。
整个过程他们的位置与时间的关系如图所示，据图可知（）A．相遇前甲的速度是乙的4倍B．两同学在t=15min时相遇C．相遇后乙的速度是原来的2倍D．整个过程甲的平均速度是乙的2倍38．（2分）生活中常见“蜻蜓点水”的现象，设蜻蜓贴近水面在水平方向匀速飞行，蜻蜓每次点水后会在水面上激起一个极细的波纹。