英美概况(张奎武版)教案第一讲

第一讲

授课日期: 年 月 日 节课 授课题目：Lesson One Physical Geography of Britain

教学目的：了解英国不同名称的含义、地理特征﹑河流和湖泊﹑气候特点及影响气候的因素。

教学重点：英国不同名称的含义、英国的地理特征、 教学难点： 英国的不同名称及组成部分，和英国的地理分布

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法及时 复习提问：What do you know about Britain? 导言：In this chapter we will learn the different names for Britain and some general geographic features of Britain

新课内容:

I. Different Names for Britain and its Parts

1.Geographical names: the British Isles, Great Britain and England.

地理名称：不列颠群岛，大不列颠和英格兰。

2.Official name: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.

官方正式名称：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。

(1) It is usually known by a shorter name, at the United Nations, for instance, it is referred to as "the United Kingdom", In everyday speech this is often shortened to "the UK"

(2 )In other contexts it is referred to as "Great Britain”

(3) In writing and speaking that is not especially formal or informal, the name "Britain" is used.

(4) The normal adjective, when talking about something to do with the UK, is "British".

2.Birtish parts: England, Scotland, Wales; numerous smaller coastal islands; Northern Ireland.

(1) Three political divisions on the island of Great Britain: England, Scotland and Wales.

大不列颠岛上有三个政治区：英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士。

(2) Northern Ireland is the fourth region of the UK(6 Irish counties). Capital: Belfast.

北爱尔兰是英国第四个区域。首府：贝尔法斯特。

II. Geographical Features

1.Geographical position of Britain:

Britain is an island country, situated in the northwest of Europe and surrounded by the sea. It lies to the north of France and the west of the Netherlands and Denmark. It lies in the North Atlantic Ocean off the north coast of Europe. It is separated from the rest of Europe by the English Channel in the south and the North Sea in the east.

2.The north and wes t of Britain are mainly highlands; and the east and southeas t are mostly lowlands.

英国的西部和北部主要是高地，东部和东南部主要是低地。间分配

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3．Britain may be divided into 14 physiographic provinces

(1) Scotland is in the north of Great Britain. It has three natural zones (the Highlands in the north; the Midland Valley or the Central Lowlands; the south Uplands), Capital: Edinburgh

苏格兰位于大不列颠的北部。它有三大自然区：北部高地，中部中央平原及南部山陵。首府：爱丁堡。

The Scotland Highland: Ben Nevis is the highest mountain in Britain (1,343m). 本尼维斯山为英国最高峰，海拔1,343米

U-shaped valleys

the Midland Valley：two principal cities---Edinburgh and Glasgow

the south Uplands: Cheviot Hills lie along the border with England

(2)England is in the south of Great Britain. It is the largest, most populous section. It includes the capital of Britain, London.

Northwestern part: Pennines---“backbone of England”(since the 19th century)

West of Pennines is the Lake District

South and East of Pennines are lowlands which are mainly open cultivated plain

(3)Wales is in the west of Great Britain. Capital: Cardiff

威尔士位于大不列颠的西部。首府：加的夫

Northern part: hills and moorland; Mt. Snowdon

South and east of Aberystwyth: the central plateau region (average elevation of 2000 feet ) Northeast: limestone country

South: coalfield

Southwest: Penbroke peninsula

Northwest coast: Anglesey Island is almost totally flat

(4) Northern Ireland

Belfast Lough and Lough Neagh are fertile field

South: Mt. Mourne and Slieve Gullion

North: a broad plateau

III.Climate

1.Features

(1) a favorable Maritime Climate, warn and wet

(2) a rainy, changeable and unpredictable weather

(3) mild winters and cool summers, a small range of temperature (-5 ºC in the north in winter, and 24ºC in summer)

(4) a steady and reliable rainfall throughout the year (maximum precipitation in Feb and Aug)

2.The factors influence the climate in Britain:

(1) Atlantic Gulf Stream passes the western coast of the British Isles and warms them

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